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Inventorying and Cataloging Manuscripts - the Khizana of Kussam As a Case Study

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Inventorying and Cataloging Manuscripts - the Khizana of Kussam As a Case Study AHMED DRAÏA UNIVERSITY - ADRAR FACULTY OF ART AND LANGUAGES DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS AND LANGUAGE Inventorying and Cataloging Manuscripts - The Khizana of Kussam as a Case Study A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Civilizations & Anglo-Saxon Literature Candidate: Jury Members: Mohamed Ali Djaafri President: Dr. Aziz Mostefaoui Examiner: Mr. Abdelwahid Abidi Supervisor: Ms. Hadjer Belhamidi 2017-2018 I I Dedication To those who grant and never demand … To those who were the reason of my existence … To my dear parents... May Allah bless their souls and grant them Al-Janna … To my dear brothers especially my elder brother Mustafa who was my mentor … Here I am today graduating with Master’s Degree and I am dedicating this humble work to you … II Acknowledgements I would first like to thank my supervisor Ms. Hadjer Belhamidi for steering me in the right directions, and giving me the support needed to come up with this dissertation as it is today. I also would like to thank our dear teachers who inspired us throughout these five years, especially Mr. Tahar Abbou. My gratitude for my colleagues and my friends, who have made this academic journey amusing and beneficial. Finally, sincere thanks to those who never hesitated to share an idea, to those who corrected my mistakes, and to those who lifted me up when I fell. III III Abstract This research is an attempt to shed light on the manuscript heritage in our country, especially in the southern part of it, taking the area of Tuat “Adrar”, and the library of Kussam as a model for study and as a sample of what is available in our region and our libraries. This research work is divided into three chapters; the first chapter is rather a theoretical framework that includes cataloging and inventorying and their relations to manuscripts, their history, types and use. The second chapter tackles the area of Tuat, a historical background and the most famous Ulama who visited the area. The third chapter analyzes the library of Kussam and its contents, and doing the catalog for the most important manuscripts by mentioning their writers, duplicators, and date of duplication in addition to the shape of the manuscript, and the font of the handwriting used. Keywords: manuscripts, inventory, catalog, Tuat, Kussam, duplication. IV ّ املـلخـص البحث الذي أمامنا هو محاولة لتسليط الضوء على تراث املخطوطات في بليناا خاصية في ازءي ء ازءنوبي منه مع أخذ منطقة توات "أدرار" ومكتبة كوسام كنميوج للنراسية وكنينية مليا هيو متيا فييي منطقتنيييا ومكتباتنيييا لقييين نسيييمنا بحىنيييا يييى ثﻻثييية ل يييو ؛ الف يييو و عبيييارط عييير طيييار ا يييري يشييتمو علييىخ املخطوطييات وانرتفريييا وتارتخرييا ولررسييﻻقا وا يييرها وعﻻنااقييا باملخطوطييات وتارتخريييا وأاواعرييييا واسييييتخنامااقا أمييييا الف ييييو الىييييا ي لينييييرن بمنطقيييية تييييوات و أهييييق النلميييياء الييييذ ر نطنييييوا املنطقيييية و الف ييييو الىالييييث تنميييي فيييي تحليييييو مكتبيييية كوسييييام ومحتوتااقييييا والقيييييام بالفررسيييية ك يييي املخطوطيات أهم ية ميير خيﻻ جكيير كتاخقيا و اييخﻻقا وتيارتض ال ايى با ييالة يى شيلو املخطييو وخط الكتابة الينوتة املستخنمة الكلمات املفتاحية: املخطوطات ازءرد الفررسة توات كوسام ال اى V Résumé Cette recherche est une tentative de faire la lumière sur le patrimoine manuscrit dans notre pays, en particulier dans la partie sud, en prenant la région de Tuat « Adrar » la bibliothèque de Kussam comme un modèle d'étude et comme un échantillon de ce qui est disponible dans notre région et nos bibliothèques. Nous avons divisé notre recherche en trois chapitres ; le premier chapitre est plutôt un cadre théorique qui inclut : le manuscrit et sa définition et son histoire, le catalogage et l'inventaire et leurs relations avec les manuscrits, leur histoire, leurs types et leur utilisation. Le deuxième chapitre identifie la région de Tuat et les plus important Ulama que visiter cette région. Le troisième chapitre analyse la bibliothèque de Kussam et de son contenu et fait le catalogue des manuscrits les plus importants en mentionnant leurs auteurs, duplicateurs et date de duplication en plus de la forme du manuscrit, la police de l'écriture utilisée. Mots Clés : manuscrits, inventaire, catalogue, Touat, Koussam, reproduction. VI Table of Contents Dedication……………………………………………...……………………………......I Acknowledgement...........................................................................................................II Abstract…………………………………..…………...……………………….............III Arabic Abstract……………………………………………………………………….IV French Abstract………………………………………………………………………..V Table of Contents…………………………..……...…………………………………..VI General Introduction………………………...…………………………………………1 Chapter One: Theoretical Framework…………………………………..……………3 1. Introduction……...……………………………………………………………………3 2. Cataloguing………………………………………..………………………….…….....3 2.1. Definition of Cataloguing……………………...………………………………..3 2.2. The Concept of Catalog…………………………...…………………………….4 2.3. The Historical Background to Cataloging…………..…………………………..5 2.4. The Importance of Cataloging………………………...………………………...6 3. Types of Cataloging……………………………..……………………………..……...8 3.1. The Dictionary Catalog…………………………………..……………………..8 3.2. The Divided Catalog………………………………………..…………………...9 3.3. The Author Catalog…………………………………………..………………..10 3.4. The Title Catalog…………………………………………….………………...11 3.5. The Subject Catalog…………………………………………..………………..11 3.6. The Classified Catalog…………………………………………..……………..12 4. Cataloging History and Others………………………………...…………………….13 5. Categories and Forms of Cataloging…………………………...……………………13 5.1. The Book Catalog…………………………………………..………………….13 VII 5.2. The Sheaf Catalog…………………………………………..…………………14 5.3. The Card Catalog……………………………………………...……………….14 5.4. The Automated Catalog………………………………………………………..15 6. Inventorying…………………………………………………………….……………16 6.1. Definition of Inventorying.…….………………………………………………16 6.2. Inventory Benefits………………………………………..………...………….17 6.3. The Inventory Registry……………………………………………...…………17 6.4. Inventorying Aims…………………………………………………….……….17 6.5. Inventorying Times…………………………………….………………...…….18 7. The Methods of Inventory………………………………………………………...…18 8. Inventory and Registration Steps………………….………………………………....19 9. The Problems of Inventorying……………...…………….………………………….20 10. Conclusion…………………………………...……………………………………..20 Chapter Two: Background to Tuat Region and Its Ulama…….…………………..21 1. Introduction………………………………………………………...………………..21 2. Background of Tuat Region………………………………….……….………..……21 2.1. The Geography of Tuat Region and Its History…………………….…………21 2.2. Identifying the Region of Tuat………………………………………...………22 2.3. The location……………………………………………………………...…….22 2.4. The Origin of the Name Tuat……………………..……...……………………23 2.5. The Coming of Islam to Tuat and the Beginning of the Influx of Tribes……...24 3. The Most Famous Ulama of Tuat and Their Role in Spreading the Intellectual Movement.................................................................................................................25 3.1. Sheikh Mohamed Ibn Abdelkarim Al-Maghili……………..….……………….26 3.2. Sheikh Abu Yahya Mohamed Al-Menyari……………………...………………26 VIII 3.3. Sheikh Abdulhak Ibn Abdelkarim Ibn Al-bekri……………….……..…………26 3.4. Sheikh Mohamed Ibn Mohamed Bel’Alem Al-Zeglawi………………….…..…27 3.5. Sheikh Sidi Ahmed Youssef…………………………………………….………27 3.6. Sheikh Souleyman ibn Omar……………………………………..…………….27 4. Manuscripts………………….………….………...…………………………………27 4.1. Definition of Manuscripts...…………………...……………………………….28 4.2. Definition of Khizana of Manuscripts…………………………………………28 5. The Khizanat of Manuscripts in the Region…………………………………………29 6. Conclusion………………………………………………..………………………….29 Chapter Three: The Survey of Manuscripts……………………………………...…31 1. Introduction………………………………………………………………………….31 2. The Khizana of Manuscripts…………………………………………………………31 2.1. Identifying Kussam Center……….....…………………………………………31 2.2. The Creation……………………………………………………………….......32 3. The Current Supervisor of the Khizana of Kussam…..……………………………...32 4. The Importance of Cataloging the Khizana of Kussam………………..…………....33 5. The Scientific Cataloging of the Khizana by Applying the Method of Abdul-Sattar Al-Halouji………..…………………...……………………………...…………..33 5.1. Abdul-Sattar Al-Halouji’s Biography ……………………………...……….33 5.2. Al-Halouji’s Cataloging Method……………………………………...……..34 6. Survey of Manuscripts……………………………………………………………….34 6.1. Science of Quran………………………………………………………….....35 6.2. Science of Hadith…………………………………………………………….37 6.3. Jurisprudence………………………………..……………………………….37 6.4. Sufism………………………………………….…………….........................43 IX 6.5. Theology……………………………………….………………………….....44 6.6. Grammar and Literature……………………………………………………..45 7. Conclusion………………………………………………...………………………....46 General Conclusion……………………………………………………………….......47 Works Cited…………………………………………………………………………...49 Glossary………………………………………………………...………………….......52 Transliterated Words…………………………………………..…………………..…54 Appendices………………………………………………………...…………………..55 1 General Introduction Manuscript heritage is a fundamental pillar of human legacy. Thanks to it, humankind was able to record his culture and knowledge in various sciences and was mentioned in the history and civilizations of the nations. Manuscripts represent the means by which the civilizations reached their progress. However, this can only be achieved by keeping it out of oblivion and loss by shedding the light on this heritage, and offering investigation, publication and maintenance. In addition, we need to give a hand to the support and assistance needed to enable researchers to access this heritage
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