DEPARTMENT OF PORTS GOVERNMENT OF KERALA DEVELOPMENT OF VIZHINJAM PORT RAPID ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESMENT REPORT February, 2004 L&T-RAMBØLL CONSULTING ENGINEERS LIMITED Corporate Office : Hyderabad Office : 339/340, ANNA SALAI 501, MAHAVIR HOUSE NANDANAM BASHEER BAGH CHENNAI – 600 035 HYDERABAD – 500 029 Tel: 91 – 44 – 2433 1181 / 82 Tel : 91 – 40 – 5582 8603 Fax: 91 – 44 – 2433 1183 Fax : 91 – 40 – 5582 8604 C1021119 - RP010 rev. 2 Development of Vizhinjam Port C1021119 Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Report RP010 rev. 2 DEPARTMENT OF PORTS GOVERNMENT OF KERALA DEVELOPMENT OF VIZHINJAM PORT FOR IMPLEMENTATION WITH PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION RAPID ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Background 1.2 Site Appreciation 1.3 REIA Study 1.3.1 Objective 1.3.2 Scope of REIA Study 1.3.3 REIA Methodology 1.3.4 Environmental Impacts 1.3.5 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) 1.4 Structure of REIA Report 1.5 Acknowledgements Chapter 2: Project Development Plan 2.1 General 2.2 Salient Features of the Vizhinjam Port 2.3 Port Traffic 2.4 Development Needs and Planning Considerations 2.4.1 Navigational and Operational Requirements 2.4.2 Berthing Requirements 2.4.3 Cargo Handling Equipment 2.4.4 Storage Requirements 2.5 Master Plan of the Vizhinjam Port 2.5.1 Planning Considerations 2.5.2 Port Layouts 2.5.3 Model Studies 2.5.4 Master Plan 2.5.5 Berthing Requirements 2.5.6 Breakwaters 2.5.7 Approach Channel and Turning Circle 2.5.8 Landuse Plan 2.6 Immediate / Short Term Development 2.6.1 Berthing Facilities 2.6.2 Container Quay 2.6.3 General Cargo Berth Table of Contents Page i Development of Vizhinjam Port C1021119 Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Report RP010 rev. 2 2.6.4 Breakwaters 2.6.5 Equipment 2.6.6 Storage Facilities 2.6.7 Dredging 2.6.8 Berths 2.6.9 Turning Circle 2.6.10 Approach Channel 2.6.11 Navigational Aids 2.6.12 Port Craft 2.6.13 Hinterland Connections 2.6.14 Communication, Operation and Management 2.6.15 Container Security Operations 2.6.16 Pollution Control Facilities 2.6.17 Water Supply 2.6.18 Power Supply 2.6.19 Buildings 2.6.20 Bunkering 2.6.21 Storm Water Drainage 2.6.22 Sewerage and Oily Waste Disposal Chapter 3: Baseline Environmental Status 3.1 General 3.2 Regional Setting 3.3 Physical Conditions 3.3.1 Topography 3.3.2 Geology and Soils 3.3.3 Landuse/Land cover 3.4 Compatibility with Coastal Regulation Zone 3.4.1 Coastal Zone Management Plan of Thiruvananthapuram 3.4.2 Coastal Regulation Zoning in the Project Region 3.5 Sea Area Features 3.5.1 Fishing Zones 3.5.2 Spawning Area 3.5.3 Aquatic Habitats 3.5.4 Near Shore Habitats 3.5.5 Sand Dunes / Dune Vegetation 3.5.6 Traditional Boat Navigation Routes 3.6 Sea Bed Engineering and Oceanographic Conditions 3.6.1 Bathymetry 3.6.2 Seabed Features 3.6.3 Currents 3.6.4 HTL / LTL Demarcation 3.6.5 Grab Sampling 3.7 Marine Environment 3.7.1 Marine Water Quality 3.7.2 Marine Biology 3.7.3 Sediment Quality 3.7.4 Observation on Sediment Quality 3.7.5 Benthic Communities 3.8 Terrestrial Environment 3.8.1 Meteorological Conditions 3.8.2 Air Quality Table of Contents Page ii Development of Vizhinjam Port C1021119 Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Report RP010 rev. 2 3.8.3 Ambient Noise 3.8.4 Ground Water Quality 3.8.5 Soil Quality 3.8.6 Flora and Fauna 3.9 Socio-economic Profile – Project District 3.9.1 Population Characteristcs 3.9.2 Occupational Pattern 3.9.3 Infrastructure Facilities 3.9.4 Industrialisation 3.10 Socio-Economic Profile – Study Area 3.10.1 Social Profile 3.11 Profile on Fishing Activity 3.11.1 Fishing Activity – Thiruvananthapuram District 3.11.2 Fishing Activity – Project Region 3.12 Profile on Tourism Chapter 4: Environmental and Social Impacts 4.1 General 4.2 Vizhinjam Port Activities 4.2.1 Construction Phase 4.2.2 Operation Phase 4.3 Environmental Impacts – Construction Phase 4.3.1 Impacts on Seawater Quality and Marine Biology 4.3.2 Impacts on Beach Profile, Seabed and Benthos 4.3.3 Impacts on Coastal Regulation Zone 4.3.4 Impacts on Environmental Aesthetics / Visual Impacts 4.3.5 Impacts on Atmosphere 4.3.6 Impacts on Water Use 4.3.7 Impacts from Quarrying 4.3.8 Impacts from Transportation of Construction Material 4.3.9 Impacts from Construction of Road / Rail Linkage 4.3.10 Impacts from Laying of Water Pipeline 4.4 Socio-Economic Impacts – Construction Phase 4.4.1 Impacts from Land Acquisition 4.4.2 Impacts from Worker Camps 4.4.3 Impacts on Vizhinjam Fishery Harbour 4.4.4 Impacts on Fishing and Fishing Communities 4.4.5 Impacts on Tourism 4.4.6 Impacts on Employment Potential 4.4.7 Impacts from Induced Development 4.5 Environmental Impacts – Operation Phase 4.5.1 Impacts from Port Operations 4.5.2 Impacts from Inland Cargo Movement 4.5.3 Impacts on Water Use 4.5.4 Impacts from Maintenance Dredging 4.6 Socio- Economic Impacts - Operation Phase 4.6.1 Impacts on Landuse Pattern 4.6.2 Impacts on Population Growth 4.6.3 Impacts on Vizhinjam Fishery Harbour 4.6.4 Impacts on Tourism 4.6.5 Impacts on Employment Potential 4.7 Beneficial Impacts Table of Contents Page iii Development of Vizhinjam Port C1021119 Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Report RP010 rev. 2 Chapter 5: Environmental Management Plan 5.1 General 5.2 Mitigation Measures – Construction Phase 5.2.1 Capital Dredging, Reclamation and Construction of Breakwaters 5.2.2 Construction of Cargo Berths and Container Stacking Area 5.2.3 Quarrying 5.2.4 Transportation of Construction Material 5.2.5 Construction of Road / Rail Linkage 5.2.6 Laying of Water Pipeline 5.2.7 Construction Yards 5.2.8 Hazardous Material Storage 5.2.9 Worker Camps 5.2.10 Induced Development 5.3 Mitigation Measures – Operation Phase 5.3.1 Port Operations 5.3.2 Maintenance Dredging 5.3.3 Inland Cargo Movement 5.3.4 Solid Waste Management 5.3.5 Hazardous Material Management 5.3.6 Disaster Management Plan 5.3.7 Green Belt Development 5.3.8 Population Influx due to Vizhinjam Port 5.3.9 Training of Personnel 5.4 Environmental Monitoring 5.5 Institutional Mechanism 5.5.1 Reporting Procedures 5.6 Implementation Schedule and Cost Estimation 5.6.1 Implementation Schedule 5.6.2 Budgetary Estimates for Environmental Monitoring LIST OF FIGURES Chapter 1 Figure FD0101 : Location Map Figure FD0102 : Study Area Map – 10 km Radius Chapter 2 Figure FD0201 : Alternative I (Short Term) Figure FD0202 : Alternative I (Long Term) Figure FD0203 : Alternative II Figure FD0204 : Alternative III (Short Term) Figure FD0205 : Alternative III (Long Term) Figure FD0206 : Master Plan Figure FD0207 : Layout Plan – Short Term Figure FD0208 : Landuse Plan – Long Term Figure FD0209 : Typical Arrangement of Container Berth – Mainline Figure FD0210 : Typical Arrangement of Container Berth – Feeder line Figure FD0211 : Typical Arrangement of General Cargo Berth Figure FD0212 : Typical Cross Section of Breakwater Table of Contents Page iv Development of Vizhinjam Port C1021119 Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Report RP010 rev. 2 Figure FD0213 : Existing Road / Rail Connections Figure FD0214 : Proposed Road Connectivity – Option 1 Figure FD0215 : Proposed Road / Rail Connectivity – Option 2 Figure FD0216 : Typical Cross Section of Proposed Road / Rail Corridor Chapter 3 Figure FD0301 : Landuse / Land Cover Map Figure FD0302 : Demarcation of High Tide Line and Low Tide Line Figure FD0303 : Marine Environment Monitoring Locations Figure FD0304 : Wind Rose Diagram Figure FD0305 : Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations Figure FD0306 : Noise Level Monitoring Locations Figure FD0307 : Ground Water Quality Monitoring Locations Figure FD0308 : Soil Quality Monitoring Locations Figure FD0309 : Socio –Economic Survey Zones Figure FD0310 : Fishing Villages and Fish Landing Centres in the Vicinity of Vizhinjam Port Chapter 5 Figure FD0501 : Proposed Solid Waste Management Site LIST OF TABLES Chapter 2 Table 2-1 : Traffic to Vizhinjam Port (Moderate Scenario) Table 2-2 : Design Vessel sizes and Dimensions Table 2-3 : Requirement of Number of Berths/Berth Length Table 2-4 : Summary of Container Cargo Handling Equipment Table 2-5 : Storage Area Requirements for Container Cargo (Cumulative) Table 2-6 : Storage Requirement for General Cargo (Cumulative) Table 2-7 : Berthing Requirements Table 2-8 : Berthing Facilities For Immediate / Short Term Development Table 2-9 : Summary of Cargo Handling Equipment Table 2-10 : Storage Requirement for Container Cargo Table 2-11 : Storage Requirement for General Cargo Table 2-12 : Water Requirements Table 2-13 : Estimated Electrical Demand (in MW) Chapter 3 Table 3-1 : Spatial Distribution and Extent of Level -II Land use / Land Cover Classes in the Study Area Table 3-2 : Seabed Slopes in the Project Area Table 3-3 : Observed Current at Project Location Table 3-4 : Marine Water Sampling Locations Table 3-5 : Parameters Monitored for Marine Water Quality Table 3-6 : Plankton Sampling Locations Table 3-7 : Marine Sediment Sampling Locations Table 3-8 : Parameter Monitored for Sediment Quality Table of Contents Page v Development of Vizhinjam Port C1021119 Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Report RP010 rev. 2 Table 3-9 : Meteorological Parameters in the Study Area Table 3-10 : Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations Table 3-11 : Ambient Air Quality – Particulate Matter Table 3-12 : Ambient Air Quality - Gaseous Pollutants Table 3-13 : Noise Level Monitoring Locations Table 3-14 : Noise Levels – Day, Night and Day – Night equivalents in db (A) Table 3-15 : Ground Water Sampling Locations Table 3-16 : Soil Sampling Locations Table 3-17 : Geographical Area, No.