New Physics: Sae Mulli, DOI: 10.3938/NPSM.63.333 Vol. 63, No. 4, April 2013, pp. 333∼350
Recent Trend of Next-generation IT-Biomedical Converging Technologies
Chunghi Rhee∗ ReSEAT Program, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Seoul 130-741, Korea
(Received 8 November 2012 : revised 14 December 2012 : accepted 4 April 2013)
Next-generation IT-biomedical converging technologies are emerging technologies that fuse IT, BT and NT with medicine, differ from the conventional medicine, reflect clients’ needs to improve their quality of life, and can provide better accuracy and convenience for medical diagnosis and therapy. The state of the art of IT-biomedical converging technologies is reviewed. The results of R&D on IT-biomedical converging technologies conducted in major countries, including the United States, the European Union, Japan and Korea, are presented, and the technological level of IT-biomedical converging technologies is evaluated, providing a future outlook for IT-biomedical converging technologies. In this paper, the core technologies of IT-biomedical converging technolo- gies, such as miniature medical robots, intelligent diagnostic chips, lab-on-a-chip, fusion of medical imaging modalities, laser medicine, ubiquitous healthcare and telerobotic surgery, are presented.
PACS numbers: 87.90.+y Keywords: IT-biomedical converging technologies, Miniature medical robot, Intelligent diagnostic chip, Lab- on-a-chip, Medical imaging, Laser medicine, Ubiquitous healthcare, Telerobotic surgery
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PACS numbers: 87.90.+y Keywords: ITs¸_«Ñ6Öx½Ë+lÕüt, íè+Aþ _«ÑÐ4©, t0px+Aþ éß 9}, êÁ:r#Q9}, _«Ñ% ò©lÕüt, YUs$ _«Ñl Õüt, Ä»q3$'Û¼ ó¡Û¼H#Q, "é¶ ÃºÕütrÛ¼7% ∗E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] 333 334 New Physics: Sae Mulli, Vol. 63, No. 4, April 2013 I. "e Â]Ø ¦§ îo r\ 9{ "f ¶ú©_ 9| Ó¾©`¦ 0AKª ,í ñXS$ ¦ _«Ñéßõ u«Ñ_ & ò ìÍø% ¦\¨½¹כ _ôÇ ¦Ìo 5Åq$ í, ¼#_$ í 1px`¦ Ó¾©rvl 0A # ITs¸_«Ñ 6Öx½Ë+lÕüts>hµÏ1÷&¦ e. ]j#Qn"f _«Ñ"fqÛ¼ \¦ ]j/BN~ÃÎ`¦ ú eH "é¶ _«Ñ\¦ 0AK _«Ñll_ nt _Oo 9 x ¸9{o XS@/÷&#Q 9, & ñ6 x | y©éß ¸m'Aa `¦ 0AôÇ ó¡Û¼ 9}, Êë@/6 x Òtq^éßll, Ä» % ¹Ð ôÇ. ¢¸ Fig. 1. NBIC transforming tools: R&D Programs, 2000כúÕütrÛ¼7 1px`¦ 9 q3$'Û¼"fqÛ¼, "é¶ ôÇ IT, BT, NT 1px_ 6Öx½Ë+o\¦ :xK 3D í¦5Åq % ò© ½¨ [2]. ³&lÕüt, _«Ñ% ò©lÕüt_ 6Öx½Ë+o, YUs$ _«ÑlÕütõ sß¼ÐÐ4©, s¸9} 1px`¦ éß, u«Ñ\ &h6 x½É+ ú e Technologies for Improving Human Performance)’`¦ µÏ1 ,(%i. 6Öx½Ë+lÕüt`¦ ¸lÕüt (NT), s¸lÕüt (BT F ôDzDG_ íè+Aþ ³ð&³ .%3&÷< ¹כîr lÕüts 9 H DhÐ _«ÑÐ4©lÕütÉr p²DG, 9{:r, Ä»XO, sÛ¼Óqs 1px\qK & ñÐlÕüt (IT), tõÆ< (Cognitive Science, CS)_ 6Öx½Ë+ b#Q4R e¦, | y©éß6 x êÁ:r#Q9} lÕütÉr [j> 60Aݶܼ ܼРӽئ÷&H lÕütÐ & ñ_ ¦, & ñÂÒla', @/Æ<, l\O[þt Ð ²DG?/\"f¸ ½¨ Ö¸µÏ1 , ìÍø&hܼРITs¸ _ÃÐ#\¦ :xKlí½¨ÐÂÒ' íß\Oo\sØÔHÖ6x½Ë+ _«Ñ6Öx½Ë+lÕüt_ >hµÏ1ú ïrÉr réß>¦ ^¦ ú e. lÕüt µÏ1>\S`¦ únÙwþ¡ [1,2]. 2005¸ NSFH ‘Man- .%i aging Nano-Bio-Info-Cogno Innovations’\¦ µÏç1ß ¹²DG_כr 7HëH\"fH p²DG, Ä»XO, 9{:r, ôDzDG1px ÅÒ: [j@/\>hµÏ1, 6£x6 x¨|c ú eH DhÐ îr ITs¸_«Ñ6Öx½Ë+ NSF, NASA, EPA (¨8 âÐ ñ'Aõ), DOD (²DG~Ó½ÂÒ), DOE +# 6Öx½Ë Q\¦ ÈÒ -tÂÒ) 1px\"f çß 1,300%3 ²ú ¹²DG (\כ#ÅÒ ìr$3`¦ :x ñÐ lÕüt_ ½¨>hµÏ11lxÓ¾õÆ< Õüt& _ a'º lÕütú ïr`¦ q§ ìr$3 ¦, {©õ]jü< µÏ1~Ó½ lÕüt>hµÏ1áÔÐo#àÔ\¦ ÆÒÙþ¡. a'º ½¨\H s¸p'G Ó¾`¦ ]jrïôÇ. "f, êÁ:r#Q9}, s¸ íBË:hÛ¼ (Bioinformatics) 1pxs [j@/ ITs¸_«Ñ6Öx½Ë+lÕütÉr IT, BT, NT lÕüt`¦ íÊ<÷&#Q e. _«Ñ\ 6Öx½Ë+ôÇ lÕütÐ"f 7áxA__«ÑlÕütõH Z>o p²DGÉr 1999¸\ ITR (Information Technology Re- -¦, search)õ 2000¸ NNI (National Nanotechnology Initia ò ìÍø% ¦\¨½¹כ _ú©_ 9| Ó¾©`¦ 0AKôªÇ ¦Ìo¶ # _«Ñéßõ u«Ñ_ & ñXS$ í, ¼#_$ í 1px`¦ Ó¾©r´~ ú e tive) 1px 2>h_ ²DG >hµÏ1|ÄÌ (national initiative)`¦ r %i (Fig. 1 ÃÐ # NBICÐ ¨8rvH lìÍø`¦ º ¹²DG_ ITs¸_«Ñ6Öx½Ë+כH lÕüts. ]j2©\"fH ÅÒ ¹ôÇ ITs¸_«Ñ6Öx½Ë+lÕüt ¸). ÕªË>a\"f pushH l>r_ áÔÐÕªþÏs¦ pullÉr fכlÕüt ½¨>hµÏ1 1lxÓ¾õ ÅÒ 1) íè+Aþ _«ÑÐ4© lÕüt, 2) t0px+Aþ éß 9} lÕüt, êÁ:r & ñ_÷&t ·ú§Ér áÔÐÕªþÏ[þts. ITRõ NNIH Fg #30AôÇ #Q9} (LOC) lÕüt, 3) _«Ñ% ò©lÕüt_ 6Öx½Ë+o 9 x YUs$ õÆ<, /BNÆ<_ e¦AàÔ;§\lÕüt&hܼРpush\¦ ]j/BNôÇ _«ÑlÕüt, 4) Ä»q3$'Û¼ ó¡Û¼H#QlÕüt, 5) "é¶ ÃºÕütr [2]. Û¼7% lÕüt1px_ ½¨>hµÏ1 1lxÓ¾`¦ lÕüt %i. ]j3©\"f p²DG_ IT-BT6Öx½Ë+lÕüt >hµÏ1Ér²DG ¸lÕüt>hµÏ1 H s[þt lÕüt_Æ<Õüt& ñÐ ìr$3`¦ lÕüt %i. |ÄÌ (National Nanotech Initiative, NNI)\ _K 2001¸ ∼ 2007¸ lçß\ 35%3 ²ú Q ÈÒ÷&%3ܼ 9, IBM, Dupont, HP, Rockwell, GE 1pxs 6Öx½Ë+lÕüt½¨\ ÃÐ# II. ¡;58û :g6 ITT~¾8ýz»ùoÞ¶¥MønÚ8ý ¦ e. IBMÉr _ ìr\ IT\¦ t"é¶ H \O|ÄÌ Åì4®o ÒÞ]§ ܼЦÂÒ uX ¦\9rëH]j ¹èl ·ú§Ü¼, l>r_ 9{:r ]j¸\O_y©&h`¦ ¶úכ %i. MotorolaH ]j9{ ´ú§Ér úH 9}`¦ Òtqíß° ¦\ Õüts 9&h| a) êÁ:r#Q9}`¦ >hµÏ1 %i. K ½É+ ú eHÖ6x½Ë+lÕüt_ >hµÏ1 9 x ©6 xo\¦æ ×r ¦ e [1,3]. ]j3lõÆ 3) 9{:r (1) 6Öx½Ë+lÕüt_ & ñ_ 9 &x Õñþ p²DGs EUü< °ú Ér²DG "é¶_ 6Öx½Ë+lÕüt>hµÏ1\@/ & ñÂÒH 2007¸ ]jra) ‘²DG 6Öx½Ë+lÕütµÏ1 l:r~Ó½Ë>g’ ôÇ q &O [ ñs 7áx½Ë&h+ ÆÒ>\SÉr ]jr ¦ et \"f 6Öx½Ë+lÕüt`¦ NT, BT, IT 1px s7áx lÕütçß oÆ< 336 New Physics: Sae Mulli, Vol. 63, No. 4, April 2013 Fig. 4. (Color online) National strategic system for ad- vancement of converging technologies [3]. Fig. 2. (Color online) Concept of conventional converg- + g w ing technologies [3]. 6Öx½ËlÕütµÏ1 l:r~Ó½Ë>’`¦ ún %i¦, 2008¸\ ‘²DG 6Öx½Ë+lÕütµÏ1 l:r>\S (2009 ∼ 2013¸)(îß)’`¦ únw %i. ²DG 6Öx½Ë+lÕütµÏ1 l:r>\S únw^>H Fig. 4ü< °ú . (2) 6Öx½Ë+lÕüt_ ÆÒ³&S! 6Öx½Ë+lÕüt_ ÆÒÉr §¹¢¤õÆ Table 1. Status of developments of converging technologies by the government-supported research institutes and universities in Korea [3]. Classification Organization Staus of Development - Nano level bio measurements such as real time-bio microscope by Nano-Bio Convergence KRISS Government Research Team -supported KRIBB - R&D on protein chip, nano particle, bio-materials by Bio-nano Research Team Research - Development of converging technologies such as IT-NT, IT-BT, IT-NT-BT by Converging ETRI Institute Tech Unit KIST - Establishment of Future Converging Technology Research Institute - Opening interdisciplinary educational and research course and establishment of Nano·Bio·IT KAIST Converging Tech. Research Institute University - Establishment of Graduate School of Convergence Science & Tech and Advanced Institute of Seoul National Convergence Technology at Kwanggyo Techno Valley, Gyunggi-do University - Opening of 5 Departments including Nano-bio C. T., Digital Convergence Culture, Intelligent Convergence System, Environment & Infra C. T. and Brain C. T. - Several universities open Department related to Conv. tech. and offer Master and Doctorate Others degree courses related to Conv. Tech. Table 2. Level of converging technologies by field in Korea. Field Technology Stage Status in Korea Status in abroad Tech. Level NT-BT Nanobiosensor Germinating stage Basic Research (MOST) USA: NSF EU: FP6 65% Drug delivery Germinating stage Basic Research (MOST) USA: NIH 60% BT-IT Biosensor chip Introducing stage Frontier Research (ETRI) USA:Industry (Agllent) & NIH 70% Bioinformatics Introducing stage Small scale research USA: NIH, Industry: 80% by Ministries self development Biocomputer Germinating stage Biomolecular Computing USA: Develops DNA 65% Chip (MOCIE) Biocomputing chip Biocognition Introducing stage MOIT, ETRI USA, EU:Field testing 80% /Protection in public sector Human interface Introducing stage Small scale research EU: Gov. support, 75% by Ministries Industry R&D IT-NT Nanoelectronics Growth stage Industry (memory), USA: NNI 80% (memory) Intro. Frontier Research Japan:MIRAI (MITI) stage (SoC) Group & ETRI (SoC) EU: ESPRIT Nanophotonics Introducing stage Basic research by Univ. Basic research by Univ. 70% & Res. Inst. Nanosensor /MEMS Introducing stage Basic research by Univ. Basic research by Univ. 70% & Res. Inst. Quantum Computer Germinating stage Basic research by Univ. USA: IBM, DOD 50% Japan: NEC, RIKEN Source : Analysis by Planning Committee of Converging Technologies, Ministry of Information and Telecommunication (2006). 2. ¾}º]ùk ýz»zº 8 ¨Ý MønÚ _Óüt`¦ ÈÒ# úÕüt ½É+ ú eH lÕüt`¦ íè+Aþ_ «ÑÐ4© lÕüts ôÇ. íè+Aþ Ð4©s ¨8_ 3lus a=a' 5Åq`¦ s1lx "f ¹ôÇ ªכ> 9 ñXS ¦ 9|¨8ÂÒ0A\ & l\¸ ¦`8¨|9 338 New Physics: Sae Mulli, Vol. 63, No. 4, April 2013 Fig. 5. (Color online) HeartLander robot moving on the surface of beating heart [4]. Fig. 6. (Color online) Structure of HeartLander robot [4]. 1) l#QmH íè+Aþ Ð4© 2008¸ p²DG Carnegie Mellon Univ. (CMU)H 8A¦ e H d© ³ð`¦ l#Qm"fþjè Ë>g_þvu«Ñ\¦ ½É+ ú e H íè+Aþ Ð4© HeartLander\¦ >hµÏ1þÙ¡ [4,5]. sÐ4©Ér îß& &hñ s¦ ²DGÂÒ&h p'Gç ds 0px ¦Bç i (mapping)õ u«Ñ 0px (Fig. 5 Ãи). Ð4©`¦ ¿9ªYJ (sternum) 9x_ ]X>h\¦ :xK 9¿ªÂÒ\ ¶ú9{ #, d©³ð 0A\¦ f¨ÃÌ s1lx "f _ ÅÒ 1px u«Ñ\¦ ½É+ ú e. Ð4©_ p'G Fig. 7. Principle of HeartLander robot movement [4]. "fH d©³ð 0Au_ Óüto&h$ í9|`¦ 8£¤& ñ½É+ ú e¦, HeartLander_ ½¨¸H Fig. 6õ °ú sÂÒÃÌ 9 x s1lx`¦ 0A ôÇ 2>h_ f¨ÃÌóÍø`¦ °ú¦ eܼ 9 2>h_ nÐ a) 3lu`¦ ·ú¡+'Ð ¹¡§f#"f ìr{© þj@/ 18cmt d©³ð`¦ s1lx ôÇ. ¨8_ 3lu µÚ1\ eH ¸'Ðs#QtH `¦ 9x¦ {©lH õ& ñ`¦ :xKs1lxôÇ.X ò %©slÆÒ&h l (Magnetic Tracker)\¦ s6 x # HeartLander\¦ ÆÒ&h ¦¸sÛ¼Ë:h`¦ :xK 1lxr. HeartLander l#Q "fZOYU °ú ss1lx H "é¶oH Fig. 7õ °ú s 3lu^\¦ /BN*3áÔÐ f¨9{ #s1lxr. f¨9§4{ `¦ ·ú¡ 3lu^ü< +' 3lu^_ 9x\"f 6 xôÇ. f¨9{Ér ·ú§4p'G"fü< 6\ ÚÔ\ _K]j#Qa). 3lu^s oH _ 8 (tether)\¦ :x Fig. 8. (Color online) Structure and locomotive mecha- õ H ½¨1lxü Fig. 11. (Color online) Serratia marcescens bacteria (TEM image) [8]. Fig. 9. (Color online) Beetle-like miniature medical lÕüt (bio-mimetics)_ >hÆ¥`¦ ¸9{ ¦ e. s¿º ìr robot [7]. H sß¼Ð-¸lÕüt\"f a'd`¦ °úH ì rÐ"f Òtq ^la'\líôÇ íè+Aþ Ð4©`¦ >hµÏ1 H ½¨ 7£x ¦ e. Òtq^la'_ s1lxl½¨ü< Òtq^% òy Ð4©_îß & ñ÷&¦´òÖ¦&h ¸~Ó½ZO`¦ ½¨ ¦ e [8]. ´òÖ¦&hܼÐú% ò H sß¼ÐÐ4©`¦ >hµÏ1Ê<\ e#Q , ø@½É+ ú eH ½¨1lx, sß¼ÐÐ4©sú% ò½É+ ú eH &h]XôÇÓ o^¨8 â 1px_ ëH]j[þt`¦ ¦ 9KôÇ. s \p²DG_ Carnegie Mellon Univ. (CMU)_ ¸Ð4© ½¨´z\"fH sß¼Ðla' ¼#¸ ~ÃÌ_ o (flagellated bacteria) ½¨1lx ú% ò H sß¼ÐÐ4© (U´s 50 µm s Fig. 10. (Color online) The miniature robot developed )`¦ >hµÏ1þÙ¡ (Fig. 11 Ãи) [8,9]. ¼#¸ ~ÃÌ_ o &h by Technion Institue of Technology, Israel [7]. #4[jçH (serratia marcescens)`¦ sß¼Ðú% òÐ4©`¦ ½¨ 1lx (]j#Q) HX<6 xþÙ¡. ¼#¸ ~ÃÌ_ o½¨1lx sß¼ ZOYU¸_ª sÐ4©Ér QoÂÒ ìr\ ²ú;2 BjÐ ¨8ÂÒ ¼Üכ ¦`î_ ¸léßõ Óüt²ú`¦ ½É+ ú e ÐÐ4©Ér # \¦ XS ¦ ÓütÈÒ#\¦ ·ú¡o =åQ\ ²ú;2 í& ñ Ðl@/a). &h#4[jçH ~ÃÌ_ oH t2£§s 0.5 µm, U´s 9x 0AÐ ¨8ÂÒ¸f r Òe¦`¦ G2[½É+ ú e (Fig. 9 Ãи) 2 µm Ð"f ¼#¸ (flagellum)Ð ·ú 9 ïØÔ߼ۼǨÀÒ °ú Ér ^_ 4¤ÂÒ¢¸H¿9ªÂÒ/BN1lx\"fla', ¸fכ s .[7] Ér ¡óo\¦ rr&ØÔ> (∼300 Hz) ÆÒôÇ. y ¼# _ u«Ñü< ¸m'Aa `¦ ½É+ ú e. ¸H t2£§s 20 nm, U´s 10 µms. &h#4[jçH ~ÃÌ_ o 2007¸ sÛ¼Óqs_ Technion/BN@/\"fH a=ÀÓ\¦ _þt H & ñl§4, ìÍøX<ØÔµÏ1Û¼ (van der Waals)§4, èú$ §4í Q `¦ H 0px§4`¦ t2£§ 1 mm_ íè+Aþ _«Ñ6 x \ _K polystyrene (PS) s߼н¨\ÂÒÃÌôÇ. ÂÒÃÌ Ð4©`¦ >hµÏ1 %i (Fig. 10 Ãи). sÛ¼Óqs ³&t :r a) ~ÃÌ_ o ¼#¸\¦ rrv s߼н¨H \ _ síè+Aþ Ð4©Ér Áº¸& ñ\ _K 1lxÐoõ & ñ rôÇ Ãи .( Fig. 12) כ ¦ eH í0px`¦ ½¨³& ñ¸Ð 8A#Qèß $ ´&u ` Ðo`¦ ²DG?/ z@/Æ<§\"fH t d â]jÂÒ_ t¶Ü¼Ðt2£§ ܼР·ú 9t¦ e [7]. "é 1 mm, U´s 5 ∼ 10 mm, s1lx5Åq¸ 50 mm/min íè +Aþ Ð4©`¦ >hµÏ1 ×æs. sÐ4©Ér 0Aud, s1lx, 9|¨8 3) sß¼ÐÐ4© u«Ñ, í6£§ spç fp'G"f 1px`¦ ü@ÂÒ\"fÄ»·Áº ¸& ñs 0px 9 ÓütÅÒ9{, ×¼n=wAa , ]Xéß 1px úÕütõ u«Ñ 0px sß¼ÐÐ4©_ ôªÇ s߼и~Ó½ZO`¦ ½¨Ê< ¦ ôÇ. sÐ4©_ u«Ñ@/© 9|¨8Ér ëß$ í¢a-a?ÃÌ, \ e#QþjH Òtq^% òy (bio-inspiration) ¢¸H Òtq^¸~Ó½ /åL$ ídH Òâo, 1lxÐo âo7£x, ö&%a¦×æ 1pxs. Ð4©Ér ÅÒ 340 New Physics: Sae Mulli, Vol. 63, No. 4, April 2013 Fig. 13. (Color online) Bidirectional healthcare flowchart based on e-healthcare counter [16]. Fig. 12. (Color online) Serratia marcescens bacteria at- tached to PS bead [8]. ¦ eܼ 9 4¤6 xõ 1lxr\ PC PDAÐ ¨8ü< _ ¸¿º ´zrçßܼР% ò©`¦ ^ ¦ ú e [12,15]. l\¦ :xK a=a' ?/\ÅÒ9{a). 2020¸ ©6 xo\¦ 3lq³ð Ð ¦ e [10,11]. §¹¢¤õÆ Fig. 16. (Color online) Portable blood coagulation test- ing LAT (a) Device and taking blood drop, (b) Block diagram of migration of blood through capillary tube channel network [20,21]. 1990¸@/\ Y > ts߼РìÁÚÔ, sß¼Ð*3áÔ °ú Ér sß¼ÐÄ»^½¨¸Óüts ´zoBH s߼Р/BN\ _K ´z³&÷&#Q, 4¤¸úôÇÓ o^2[/åL~Ó½ZOssß¼ÐÄ»^ :x½Ë+\ כ Fig. 14. (Color online) Samsung Electronics’ blood test- e ing device ‘Any Doctor’ [17]. _K1lxo¨|c ú H lìÍøs÷&%3. s ss߼Р7áx½Ë+ ìr$3rÛ¼7% (µTAS), 7£¤ LOC_ ئ³&s%3. °ú Ér M: \ ] Xl /' îr e¦oÛ¼ (fleeces)_ ¸[ja' Óo^s1lx\lí ôÇ sß¼ÐÄ»^ ìr$3rÛ¼7%s>hµÏ1÷&%3 [20]. éß9{ e¦ oÛ¼\ _ôÇ pH8£¤& ñõ °ú Ér çéßôßÇ 9vÛ¼Ë:h (dipstick, 8£¤ & ñ4x)Ér ‘lateral-flow test’ (8£¤Ä»^ )ÐróÍø÷&¦ e H 4¤¸úôÇ ‘test strip’`¦ ]j > %i. \V\¦ [þt, e 6 x, Óütz6 x 6 x test strip 1pxs. Fig. 15. (Color online) (a) Glass substrate LOC, (b) LOC made of MEMS [18]. sß¼ÐÄ»^_ ÆÒ"é¶o\sß¼ÐÄ»^rÛ¼ 7%`¦ 6£§õ °ú s 5>h 7áxÀÓн¨ ìr %i. 1) ¸[ja'+Aþ (capillary), 2) ·ú§4½¨1lx+Aþ (pressure driven), 3) "鶧4d 2) êÁ:r#Q9} (Lab-on-a-chip) +Aþ (centrifugal), 4) 1lxl+Aþ (electrokinetics), 5) 6£§Ó¾+Aþ (acoustic) rÛ¼7% 1pxs. #l"fH ¸[ja'+Aþ, ·ú§4½¨1lx êÁ:r#Q9} (Lab-on-a-chip, LOC)Ér # Q t ´+«>z ´z +Aþ sß¼ÐÄ»^rÛ¼7%`¦ ["O îôÇ. l0px`¦ ú cm2 ß¼l_éß9{ 9} (chip)\ :x½Ë+r& Z~Ér nsÛ¼s. LOCH xïo' (pico liters, 10−12l)Ð &hÉr Ä»^|Ó¾`¦ 2[/åL 9, MEMS nsÛ¼_ "fÚÔ[j (1) ¸[ja'+AþrÛ¼7% àÔÐ"fs߼Р7áx½Ë+ ìr$3rÛ¼7% (Micro Total Analy- sis System, µTAS)s¦¸ ´úôÇ. sß¼ÐÄ»^/BNÆ< ¸[ja'+AþrÛ¼7%Ér LAT (lateral flow system) ¢¸H (microfluidics)Ér Fg _ÐÄ»|Ó¾>, &h$ í> °ú Ér p'G"f, *3áÔ ‘test strip’ܼР·ú 94R eܼ 9, srÛ¼7%\"f Óo^H ¸ ü< 6\ÚÔ °ú Ér Ä»|Ó¾]j#QnsÛ¼\¦ ´ú , %3 y ´ú [ja'§4\ _K½¨1lxa). Óo^s1lxÉr /BN9| ¢¸H s LOCH sß¼ÐÄ»^/BNÆ<`¦ ÀÒH # Q ´+«>z ´z õ ߼н¨¸"fÚÔÛ¼àÔYUsàÔ_ ß¼lü< ] XH 0px§4\ _K ¦ ©$¹ôÇ oÆ<¾¡§Ér strip 5Åq\poכ&h ´z ]j#Qa). 9 ܼРµTAS_ íHכ _ 9}ܼР»¡¤èôÇ ñ`¦ & ئ&h _ Òoo õ_óÍø1lqÉr Fg Æ&h< ~Ó½ZOܼРs [18]. Fig. 15H Ä»o\¦ lóÍøܼ r+«>כ ñ`¦ :x½Ë+ôÇ õ&<»+ Ð ôÇ LOCs¦ (b)H MEMSÐ a) LOCs. \¦ èHܼРa'¹Ï½1É+ ú e. LOC_©&hÉr ©u_ è+AþoÐÊë@/½É+ ú e¦, r þjH >hµÏ1a) Êë@/+Aþ LAT [O>H Fig. 16_ a=Óo6£x¦ «Ñü< r_ è¸|Ó¾`¦ FGèo ¦, oÆ< ìr$3_ 1lxo r+«> LATü< °ú s 4¤¸úôÇ ¸[ja'GV, W1àÔ0>ß¼ Óo^ 0px 9, %o, oÆ<ìÍø6£x 9 x ئ`¦ ôÇ 9}\"f 1lx ½¨1lx`¦ r. ¸9{ :£¤Ãº´òè\ ½Ë+a) Ó½^\¦ r\ú'½É+ ú eH &hs. LOCH s\¦ ½¨$ í ¦ Ä»9{½¨\po$ô©Ç. CªrçßÉr ¸[ja' W1àÔ0>ß¼ eH lÕütÐÐsß¼ÐáÔÐ[j"f 9}, sß¼ÐÄ»^, \¦ GĺH rçßܼР& ñ_ôÇ. óÍø1lqÉr & ñ|Ó¾&hܼР+AþFg DNA, l% ò1lx, s¸p'G"f 9 x Ä»^+AþFg ܼн¨ ìr½É+ ú s loÆ&h < ئР' 9 õ\¦ %3HX<úí e [19]. ;2. 342 New Physics: Sae Mulli, Vol. 63, No. 4, April 2013 Fig. 19. (Color online) FDG PET image, MRI image and their superposed image for normal brain [26]. Fig. 17. (Color online) (a) Portable blood testing anal- yser i-STATr, (b) Scene of blood filling into disposable cartridge, (c) Scene of inserting sample to analyser [20, 22]. Fig. 20. (Color online) SPECT image, MRI image and their superposed image for normal brain [27,28]. 4. 8ýz»WËVês_ MønÚ8ý ùoÞ¶¥D× Íõm 7_T$[ 8ýz»MønÚ 1) PET-CT% ò©, PET-MRI% ò© 1px _«Ñ% ò©lÕüt _ 6Öx½Ë+o Fig. 18. (Color online) LOC with integrated circuits for separation of bacteria and DNA, and detecting PCR [20, _«Ñ% ò©lÕütÉr qË>g_þv&hܼР^_ KÂÒÆ&h< ½¨¸ 23]. ÒtqoÆ&h< l0px % ò©`¦ ]j/BN # °ú Ér # î_ ¸l éß\s6 x÷&¦ e. CT MRIH ^¸f_ KÂÒÆ< þ % (2) ·ú§4½¨1lx+A rÛ¼7 &h ½¨¸% ò©& ñÐ\¦ ÅÒHX< ìÍøK, PET SPECTH Òtqo oÆ&h< l0px% ò©`¦ Ð# ïr. 7£¤, PET SPECTH +Aþ½¨1lx nsÛ¼ (linear actuated device)H Óo^s ^?/_ @/¸f Ö¸$ í 1px`¦ Ð# צ ú eܼټР1lx`¦ ·ú§4\ _ôÇ l>&h Óo^_ 0A (\V : e¦$\ ¸f%!3 Ér @/Ö¸1lx`¦ ÐsH ¸f`¦ óÍøZ>½É+ ú e _ôÇ)н¨1lxôÇ. Óo^_ ]j#QH 1 "é¶Ü¼Ð]jôÇ÷&#Q ܼ & ñXSôÇ 0AuXSs#Q§>. "f é_ß & ñXS$ í e. ' Í P: +Aþ½¨1lx nsÛ¼H p²DG Abbott Point `¦} Zsl 0AK _«Ñ% ò©lÕüt_ 6Öx½Ë+o sÀÒ#Qt¦ e of Care_ & ñ|Ó¾&h Z ×¼s×¼r+«>6 x i-STATr ìr$3l . 7£¤, PET-CT, PET-MRI, SPECT-MRI 1px_ 6Öx½Ë+o s (Fig. 17 Ãи) [20]. sÀÒ#Qt¦ e. sß¼ÐÄ»^@/½©¸9&h| rÛ¼7% LOCH Fig. 18õ °ú "fþjH\ü<"fH Fig. 19ü< °ú s PETü< MRI_ ` 8£x »¡¤/BN , 8£x s Óo^ sç õ ·ú l]j#QGV s_ Ä» 6Öx½Ë+lÕüt\ _ôÇ ½Ë$+ %í ò©`¦ %3>÷&%3ܼ 9, Fig. 20, } | ôÇ } (membrane)\líôÇ 9 9&h s߼РìÁÚÔü< Fig. 21õ °ú s SPECTü< MRI_ 6Öx½Ë+lÕüt\ _ôÇ ½Ë+ í e sß¼ÐÄ»^ rÐн¨$ ÷&#Q . s߼РìÁÚÔH ]j $ %í ò©`¦ %3`¦ ú e>÷&%3. ¢¸ôÇ PETü< CTH y #QGV,\ K /BNl·ú\>h`a). Y > >h_ yyõ X`¦ ئ H Fg ئ_ Ä»$ í`¦ °ú¦ s߼РìÁÚÔ\¦ ½Ë+ #sß¼Ð*3áÔ, b"fü< °ú Ér4¤ eܼټРPET-CT6Öx½Ë+lÕüts µÏ1 # GE, Siemens, ¸úôÇ Ä»± _`¦ ëß[þt ú e. Philips, Toshiba, Hitachi 1pxs PET-CTrÛ¼7%`¦ Òtqíß·r 1lxl+Aþ rÛ¼7%Ér ÃЦëH³ [20,24]\¦ ÃЦ lêÍø óÍø ¦ eܼ 9, ðÍø tÐ SPECT-CTrÛ¼7%s>hµÏ1÷& . #Q ´z6 xo ÷&¦ e. Review Article Recent Trend of Next-generation IT-Biomedical ··· – Chunghi Rhee∗ · sØæB 343 Fig. 23. (Color online) Conceptual diagram of ubiquitous healthcare portable diagnostic device [16]. Fig. 21. (Color online) SPECT image, MRI image and their superposed image for brain with a tumor [27,28]. Fig. 24. (Color online) Core elements of ubiquitous healthcare [32,33]. 5. ¥R-'[ ³A>#aMønÚ Fig. 22. (Color online) Comparison of whole body images obtained by (a) CT, (b) PET(attenuation corrected), (c) 1) uó¡Û¼H#Q_ & ñ_ PET-CT, (d) PET (non-attenuation corrected) [29]. Ä»q3$'Û¼ ó¡Û¼H#Q (ubiquitous healthcare, uó¡Û¼H H `¦ ÉO% òôÇ% ò©Ü¼ÐKÂÒÆ&h< Figure 22(a) CT #Q) lÕütÉr & ñ, Áº´zs, îr1lx, #' ×æ\¸ ]j, #Q ½¨¸\¦ ¦ ^ ú e¦, (b)H y_yûZ\¦ Ð& ñôÇ PET n"f <H~1>Êë@/ 9, ¾º½¨ çéßßy íH¨8l, èol % ò©Ü¼Ð (a)\"f ^¦ ú \ OH d_© a=ÀÓ\¦ a'8£¤½É+ ú 9 x # QÂÒ0A_ % ò© ñ\¦ ´zrçßܼиm'Aa ½É+ ú eH l0px% ò©s 9, (c)H PET-CT_ 6Öx½Ë%+ ò©Ü¼ÐK eH Êë@/6 x éßlllÕüt`¦ ´úôÇ. slÕüt\H Áº ÂÒÆ&h< ½¨¸ü< d_© a=ÀÓ (ÒtqoÆ&h%< ò©)\¦ ^ ¦ ú e :xlÕüt lìÍø ñ²úõ ¦y p'G"f\¦ ÃÌ© ¦, . (d)H y_ Òtq^?/ yûZ\¦ Ð& ñ t ·ú§Ér % ò© ôªÇ ^_ l0px`¦ ]fX ò %o© #¸m'Aa ½É+ ú e ܼÐ"f yûZ\¦ Ð& ñôÇ (b)ÐK©¸ b#Qf`¦ ·ú ú H Êë@/6 x éßll# ôÇ (Fig. 23 Ãи). e. ½¨¦§ îoü< s\Ér _«Ñq 7£x Ð Kr&h 2) YUs$ _«ÑlÕüt q6 xs 7£x ¦ eܼ 9, [j> y²DGÉr s\¦ >h l 0A ôÇ ~Óî½ßܼРIT, s¸, _«Ñ 6Öx½Ë+lÕüt`¦ s6 x # _«Ñ6 x YUs$H l>r__«Ñ©q °úH 2[&hõß é ]j#Qn"f | y©a'oü< _«Ñ"fqÛ¼\¦ ~ÃÎ`¦ ú e¸2¤ &h`¦ C]jr´~ ú elM:ëH\ ³&F © Ða) _«Ñ© KÅÒH ó¡Û¼H#Q"fqÛ¼>hµÏ1\"f"f $ í©1lx§4 qÐ d÷&¦ eܼ 9DhÐ îr +AþI__«Ñ6 x YUs$ u O e O<ɪ >hµÏ1÷&¦ e. YUs$\¦ s6 xôÇ _«ÑH YUs$\¦ s6 x \ܼÐl@/÷&¦ [31]. Ð|íß\ "é¶\ _ î ¡ ôÇ u«Ñü< éß`¦ íÊ<ôÇ. YUs$\¦ s6 xôÇ u«ÑH YU 2015¸\H 1,000ëß " s©s uóÛ¼H#Q"fqÛ¼\¦ s6 x כ s$\¦ BjÛ¼Ð6 xôÇ ü@õúÕüt, dúÕüt, $ í7áx_ª >÷&¦, r©½©¸H 2¸ 3,000%3"é¶`¦ Å `¦ ܼР]j , $ +íAþúÕüt, u«Ñ, u:xu«Ñ 1pxs eܼ 9, YUs$ }© ¦ e. d ¹èH Fig. 24ü< °ú s p'Gçכí òlÕüt (OCT), uó¡Û¼H#Q_ þÙd ½¨$ í éß8£xÉO% s6 xôÇ éßlÕütÉr Fg çß[$O ¦\ Fg 6£§Óé¾ß8£xÉO% òlÕüt (PAT) 1pxs e [25]. YUs$\¦ s (sensing), ¸m'Aa , ìr$3, x×¼þÑܼн¨$ íôÇ. p'Gç d 6 xôÇ u«Ñü< éßlÕütÉr _ÃЦëH³ [25, 30]\ ©[j Ér ^\"f µÏ1Òtq H ÒtqoÆ&h< ³&_© o\¦ yt ylÕüt÷&#Q eܼټРÃЦ lêÍø. ¦, ¸m'Aa Ér8£¤& ña) Òtq^& ñÐ\¦ 1 &hܼР/BN 344 New Physics: Sae Mulli, Vol. 63, No. 4, April 2013 9, ìr$3Ér ©rçß\ 5g 8£¤& ña) X ¼Õñþõ uó¡Û¼H#Q"fqÛ ñÐo & ¹²DG__«Ñ&כÅÒ (2 >hµÏ1 1lxÓ¾ p²DG, 9{:r, EU, ôDzDG__«Ñ& ñÐo & Õñþõ uó¡Û¼H#Q "fqÛ¼>hµÏ11lxÓ¾ 9 x l@/´òõH ÃЦëH³ [32, 34, 39]`¦ ÃЦ lêÍø. Fig. 25. (Color online) Da vinci surgical robot [37]. 6. ̦RßfĤønÚSðy "é¶ Ð4©ÃºÕüt (telerobotic surgery)Ér ¨8\¦ "é¶ Ð ¦ 2 ∼ 4>h & ñ¸_ ½¨" í`¦ Ýü¦s/BM\úÕüt¸½¨ü< Bj 4©sÁºÜ¼Ð YOo b#Q4R eH __ tr\¦ ~ÃÎ _ \¦ ¶ú9{ # 9|¸_ ¸m'\¦ Ð"fúÕütôÇ. úÕütrÛ¼7%`¦ Ðs¦ e ú Figure 25H uÐ4© "鶴 ¦`כ H >úÕüt ñ§ Ð &כ H fX úÕüt[ O <î ôÇ. "é¶ Ð4©ÃºÕütrÛ¼7%Ér ÅÒ/ÂÒ "é¶ ©uн¨$ í÷& ܼ 9u_ 6 xÉr p²DGõ Ä»X, ôDzDG1px_ @/Æ# "é¶ e ñ e #Q eHX<ÅÒ ©u\rÕüt_¼Ï1õ <H`¦ V,¦ ¨8ú \"f6 x ¦ `¦ & ¸Ðм#o ÷&#Q [35,37]. ôÇ â î ÕütÂÒ0A_ XS@/% ò©`¦ Ð"f b#Q4R eH ÂÒ©u_ Ð ²DG_ ĺ 2005¸ [j_@/[jÚÔêÍøÛ¼# "é¶\uÐ { X w 4© ¼Ï1 (slave robotic arm)`¦ ¸Ê<ܼÐ+ & ñ§ôÇ ÃºÕüt 4©sþjíи9÷&#Q {z©]]jÕütõ núÕüt`¦ r ' , `¦ ôÇ [35,38]. %i. uÐ4©ÃºÕütÉr C\ Û¼\¦ V#Ql4¤`¦ þí Õüt H 4¤ â Õüt 1994¸ p²DG SRI International_ P. S. GreenÉr þjí +A$ , ú y© ú sټРۼ_·ú§4ëßܼи ta=´òõ e#Q>h4¤ÃºÕüt\qK ئa=s s` &hH _ "é¶ ÃºÕütrÛ¼7%`¦ >hµÏ1 %i. >hµÏ1a) "é¶ ÃºÕütrÛ¼ ©&hs e 7%`¦ 6 x 9{^o Bj\¦ :xôÇÒ tÒqtqôÇ o`¦ . Ð"f & ñ§ôÇ Ð4© Fig. 26. (Color online) Number of papers on micro med- Fig. 29. (Color online) Number of papers on ubiquitous ical robot published by year during 2001 ∼ 2011. healthcare published by year during 2001 ∼ 2011. Fig. 27. (Color online) Number of papers on lab-on-a- chip published by year during 2001 ∼ 2011 (COMPEN- Fig. 30. (Color online) Number of papers on remote DEX). surgery published by year during 2001 ∼ 2011. $ ís 7£x@/÷&¦ e6£§`¦ ìÍø% òôÇ. Figure 30_ remote surgeryH ubiquitous healthcareü< a'ºs eܼ 9 micro medical robot_ âĺü< Ä»ôÇ 7H ëHú\¦ ?/¦ e. 2. ¤~¿ ¡; Ç0, ÅìMå¾ËÇ0 ÀXØÃUØÇXìÄ÷m ÄZØVÄ Fig. 28. (Color online) Number of papers on laser 2001 ∼ 2011¸ lç_ß ‘micro medical robot’, ‘lab-on- medicine published by year during 2001 ∼ 2011. a-chip’, ‘laser medicine’, ‘ubiquitous healthcare’, ‘remote surgery’ a'º 7HëH`¦ y ìrZ>Ð 0A© 100Aݶ\ [þt#Q 2010¸\H 88| ܼР2001¸\qK 10C\ ²ú ¦ e H ²DG Z>Ð ìr$3ôÇ õ\¦ Fig. 31 ∼ Fig. 35\Ð%i. ܼРâĺ 9{:rs 7HëH 190| [þv½É+ú2¤ micro medical robot ½¨ Micro medical robot_ Ér Kכ s . Ö¸µÏ1 >ú'÷&¦ e6£§`¦ _pôÇ. Fig. 27_ lab- 10As¦, 6£§Ér×æ²DG, p²DG, 1lq9{, H íHs¦, ôÇ on-a-chip a'º 7HëH| úH 2009¸ sÊêH 2001¸\q ²DGÉr 27| ܼР60As. Lab-on-a-chip_ âĺp²DGs K 15C & ñ¸ 7£x #ío©I\¦ Ðs¦ e. 669| ܼР10As¦, 6£§Ér1lq9{, % ò²DG, H íHs¦ Figure 28_ laser medicineÉr Ér 4>h ìrü< q ôDzDGÉr 131| ܼР50As. Laser medicine_ âĺp²DG §½É+ M:]j9{ ´ú§Ér7HëH| úü< t5Åq$ í`¦ ?/¦ e s 1662| ܼР10A, 6£§Ér×æ²DG, 9{:r, 1lq9{, % ò²DG, Q #QYUs$ _«Ñ Ö¸µÏ1 >s6 x÷&¦ e6£§`¦ p·. r, @/ëß íHs¦, ôDzDGÉr 167| ܼР90As. Ubiqui- Fig. 29_ ubiquitous healthcareH 2007¸ÂÒ' ´ú§s ½¨ tous healthcare_ âĺ ôDzDGs 226| ܼР10As¦, 6£§ ÷&¦ eܼ 9, :£¤y 2005¸\H ¸¸\qK 2Cs© Ér p²DG, % ò²DG, 1lq9{, @/ëß ñÅÒ, 9{:rH ís. Remote ,¦Ü¼Ð ·ú¸&hܼР10As âĺp²DGs 202| surgery_ ¹כ7HëHs µÏ1³ð÷&¦ e#Q ubiquitous healthcare_ 9 _ 346 New Physics: Sae Mulli, Vol. 63, No. 4, April 2013 Fig. 31. (Color online) Number of papers on micro med- Fig. 34. (Color online) Number of papers on ubiquitous ical robot published by country during 2001 ∼ 2011. healthcare published by country during 2001 ∼ 2011. Fig. 32. (Color online) Number of papers on lab-on-a- Fig. 35. (Color online) Number of papers on remote chip published by country during 2001 ∼ 2011. surgery published by country during 2001 ∼ 2011. A ¹כ [%iܼ 9 [39 ño 0A© 10>h ½¨la'`¦ & ü< °ú . Micro medical robot_ âĺ 0A© 10>h ½¨l a'Ér 9{:r_ Kagawa Univ., Univ. of Yamanaga, Nagoya Univ., Tokyo Womens Medical School, p²DG_ Univ. of Utah, Michigan State Univ., ×æ²DG_ Harbin Engineering Univ., Û¼0AÛ¼_ ETH, Zurich 1pxs. Lab-on-a-chip_ âĺH p²DG_ Duke Univ., Univ. of Cincinnati, Van- derbilt Univ., Georgia Institute of Technology, Univ. of Fig. 33. (Color online) Number of papers on laser California, H_ Univ. of Toronto, ×æ²DG_ Nanyang medicine published by country during 2001 ∼ 2011. Technological Univ., National Cheng Kung Univ. 1pxs . Laser medicine_ âĺH ×æ²DG_ South China Normal 6£§Ér 9{:r, ×æ²DG, H, 1lq9{ íHs¦ ôDzDGÉr 18| ܼ Univ., Chinese Pla General Hospital, Zhejiang Univ., % ò Ð 90As. ²DG_ Imperial College of Science, Tech. and Medicine, Figure 31 ∼ Fig. 35\ _ ôDzDGÉr ITs¸_«Ñ6Öx 9{:r_ Univ. of Yamanashi, Osaka Univ., Showa Univ. ½Ë+lÕüt 5>h ìr\"f 10A ∼ 90A\¦ t ¦ e#Qp²DG, School of Dentistry, p²DG_ Rice Univ., 1lq9{_ Laser Ä»XO, 9{:r\q #lÕüt§4s , ·ú¡Ü¼Ð¸§4# Zentrum Hannover E. V. 1pxs. Ubiquitous health- \ Øæì ry µÏ1½É+ ú eH 0px§4s e¦ ¨ î a). care_ âĺH ôDzDG_ 1lx"f@/Æ<§, "fÖ¦@/Æ<§, ETRI, 2001 ∼ 2011¸ lç_ß ‘micro medical robot’, ‘lab-on- âB@/Æ<§, ÂÒ â@/Æ<§, ôÇz@/Æ<§, p²DG_ Univ. of a-chip’, ‘laser medicine’, ‘ubiquitous healthcare’, ‘remote Virginia 1pxs. 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ITíß\Os _«Ñ ܼÐl@/a). íè+Aþ Ð4©Ér Áº¸ ¸+Aþ`¦ ]jrכ ¦`õ ½É+ ú e .(ܼÐ\V©aכ +í© 0px½É 20% $ ´u ú e¦, ¼#¸ ~ÃÌ_ ` Ðño`¦ ñ\ _K 1lxÐoõ & & o½¨1lx sß¼ÐÐ4©Ér # î_ ¸léßõ Óüt²ú "é¶ ÃºÕüt Ð4©rÛ¼7%Ér o GPS 1px_ :xúéß ¸t\"f ¨8\¦ úÕüt½É+ ú e # _ "é¶ Ü¼Ðl@/a). `¦ s6 xכ ¦`É+ ú e½ ¦` 348 New Physics: Sae Mulli, Vol. 63, No. 4, April 2013 2¤ Û¼' _þtYUsÚÔ 9\YUÐÐË:hÛ¼rÛ¼7% (Master-Slave Ä»q3$'Û¼ (u) ó¡Û¼H#QlÕüt_{©õ]jÐH uó¡Û¼ Õñþ&h t"é¶, ZO]j¸_ ¸l úÕütÉr ëH H#Q"fqÛ¼r'`¦ 0AôÇ& s. "é¶כ Telerobotics System)`¦ &h6 xôÇ s. _«Ñla'[þts uó¡Û¼H#Qכ +ñq r'÷&#Q ½É ĺ, \V\¦ [þt ĺ & â ¹ôÇכOH /BM\"f 6£x/åL¸u 9 \ _ ¤¡«¨½ ñÐrÛ¼7% fqÛ¼\¦ &h FG ¸9{½É+ ú e¸2¤ _«Ñ&" &÷¨½¹כ?/\"f¢¸H __îßs ÅÒ, Ôtq', ½¨/åL ñÐ_ ´òÖ¦&h Ñ&»_ . ¹כñÂÒ_ t"é¶s 9 Ð4©ÃºÕütÉr þjè ]X]jü< þjè ئ \@/ôÇ& . "é¶ H /BM\Ä»6 x a=, ç_ß <Hs ²ú¢l#Q 9 îr U·¸nqôÇ /BM_ úÕüt, <H bË>a Ö¸6 x^>\¦ ½¨»¡¤ l 0A #³ð ïro 1px a'º{©ç_ß ñ «Ñ a'º _«ÑZO_ >h& é¶" . ¹כñ 9 ñ§ôÇ ÃºÕüt, úÕütrçß ß é»¡¤\Ér __ x sKa'>¸& OH & s \ . ¹כи yèü< 9|×æ§4 Ó¾©, úÕüt Êê :x7£x 9 x y%i0A+«> y s 9 _í Ð4©ÃºÕütÉr:xrçß t\úìÍøa) ¸$ ܼР}© "é¶כ è 1px_©&h`¦ °ú¦ e#Q ´z6 xo XS@/¨|c ) a. o H ëH]j_ s. "é¶ ÃºÕütÐ4© rÛ¼7%õ 9{ìÍø úÕüt_ H s&hÉr úÕüt`¦ ' H __0AuÐ"f, ©H rçß, 7£¤ _-Ð4&÷¹כHX<è Ð4©`¦ ]j#Q _ XËNw [7] Commercialization of Nanorobot for Surgery of [20] D. Mark, S. Haeberle and G. Roth et al., Chem. Soc. Blood Vessel 30 Years Later (Seoul Economy Daily, Rev. 39, 1153 (2010). August 15, 2007). [21] B. Cosmi, G. Palareti and M. Moria et al., Thromb. http://www.hankook.com/service/print/Print.php? Res. 100, 279 (2000). po=economy.hankooki.com (accessed May 9, 2012). [22] Abbott Point-of-Care, USA, www.abbottpointof- [8] Micro Swimming Robots (NanoRobotics Lab, care.com (accessed 2006). Carnegie Mellon University), http://nanolab.me. [23] A. F. 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Rhee, Recent Trend of Next-generation IT- http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki (accessed Mar. 22, Biomedical Converging Technologies (ReSEAT Pro- 2012). gram, Korea Institute of Science and Technology In- [38] S. Y. Lee, Remote Surgical Robot (Machinery Indus- formation, Daejeon, 2012). try, March, 2011), p. 64.&h p²DG ?/]j\O^H 1. ¤~¿¡;8ý ITT~¾8ýz»ùoÞ¶¥MønÚ >hµÏ1`¦ 0A # IT-BT 6Öx½Ë+ ìr\ÈÒ ¦ e. ³& F [j>_ çßÄ» DNA9} r©Ér Affymetrix, 1) p²DG NimbleGen, Xeotron, CombiMatrix 1px p²DGsÅÒ ¸ ¦ eܼ 9, AffymetrixH Ä» µÏ1³&, >h éß9{ 2002¸ p²DG²DGnwõÆ`¦ '¬I. Ð4©Ér Áº on/off ñ\ _K]j#Q÷&%3. Ð4©_·ú¡, þ + 2006¸ KISTH +A©l%3½Ë FK (SMA) ÓoÆÒ\s'\¦ +' 3lu^_ t2£§Ér 9.5 mms 9 6\Ðĺݼ\¦ íÊ<ôÇ Ð4© + e í 6 x #Áº]j#Qü< ÁºØ¦§4`¦ ½É ú H t! s¸ _ U´sH 50 mms. _ª sß¼ÐÐ4©`¦ >hµÏ1þÙ¡. ssß¼ÐÐ4©Ér ôÇ >h_ SMA Û¼áÔAÓa oÆÒ\s'ü<Ç ô >h_ ´zoBH 6\Ðݼ (bellows)н¨$ í÷&#Qe (Fig. 8 Ãи) [6]. SMA Û¼áÔ 2) ÃÌ& ZñOYU¸_ª íè+Aþ Ð4© AÓa oÆÒ\s'ü< 6\ÐݼH t! ís H¹¢¤`¦ ú»¡¤, XS©r ¹ôÇ %i½É+`¦ ôÇ. ssß¼ÐÐ4©`¦ "3ÆÒ> 2007¸ 9{:r_ Ritsumeikan@/Æ<Ér ^?/\ [þt#QכvHX< ×æ l0AKt! ís µÏ1 dv °ú Ér y©¸ (setae)\¦ 6 xþÙ¡. s [jí\¦ õ H íè+Aþ _«ÑÐ4©`¦ >hµÏ1þÙ¡. ÃÌ& ñ Review Article Recent Trend of Next-generation IT-Biomedical ··· – Chunghi Rhee∗ · sØæB 339hµÏô1Ç ÖsÕýt+Aþ?/r â Norika V3Ér t2£§ 9 $ íH ó¡Û¼H#Q 9} a=Óo l ‘\m{'’ mm, U´s 23 mms 9, ü@ÂÒÐÂÒ's߼РР§4 Model SBH-C001A\¦ >hµÏ1 # 2009¸\ d¾¡§_¾¡§îß `¦ /BN/åLÊ<ܼÐ+ ´zrçß % ò© 5Åxs 0px 9 CCD 'Aõ_ e©5px`¦ ~ÃΤ (Fig. 14 Ãи). sllH a= ئl\¦ 6 x # % ò_© 9|`¦ ß¼> Z}%i [14]. Óo > Y ~Ó½Ö¦ (450 µl)`¦ CD\ ~ÃÎ {©¹, çß, +ctYUÛ¼_ \¦, 2003¸ KISTH ôÇÀDKp'tm#QAa , [j@/Æ<§ _õ d© 9|¨8 1px 19>h Ó½3lq`¦ ½É+ ú eܼ 9 a=Óo r @/Æ<õ /BN1lxܼÐíè+Aþ ¦l0px ÖsÕýt+Aþ?/r â “pÐ çßÉr 12 ìrs ôÇ. s]j¾¡§Ér $ í ìÍø¸^8úxFcõ (MIRO)”\¦ >hµÏ1þÙ¡. MIROH t2£§ 10 mm, U´s 25 DNA 9} >hµÏ1 9{7 àÔ:rs¸ 9 x :£¤Ãº CD>hµÏ1 mm ÖsÕýt+Aþ?/r âܼР% ò© ئlH CMOS\¦ 6 x Hsnpn#Q /BN1lxܼÐ>hµÏ1 %i [17]. 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