SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Cranial Anatomy of Yinlong Downsi

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

Cranial anatomy of Yinlong downsi (Ornithischia: Ceratopsia) from the Upper Jurassic Shishugou Formation of Xinjiang, China

FENG-LU HAN,*,1,2 CATHERINE A. FORSTER,3 JAMES M. CLARK,3 XING XU2 1 School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China; [email protected]; 2 Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 142 Xizhimenwai Street, Beijing 100044, People’s Republic of China; [email protected]; 3Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, 2023 G Street Northwest, Washington DC, 20052, U.S.A; [email protected]; [email protected]

RH: HAN ET AL.—CRANIAL ANATOMY OF YINLONG DOWNS

*Corresponding author.

SUPPLEMENTARY FIGURE

FIGURE S1. Cranial measurements of Yinlong downsi. A, lateral view; B, dorsal view.

SUPPLEMENTARY TABLE

TABLE S1. Measurements of the skulls and mandibles of Yinlong downsi (mm).

V18636 V18636 V18686 V14530 V14530 V18637 V18637 Positions Right Left Right Right Left Right Left 1 154.6 –– 171.1 <191 177 –– –– 2 167.6 162.6 203 >184.1 >181.9 261.3 –– 3 147.3 147.3 174.2 158.6 158.6 246 246 4 127.4 127.4 130 130.1 130.1 180 180 5 –– –– –– 143.8 143.8 167.2 167.2 6 35.7 35.7 37.8 40.1 40.1 45.1 45.1 7 36.7 36.7 –– 34.1 34.1 51.8 51.8 8 –– –– –– 134.4 134.4 –– –– 9 >70.4 –– 95.2 >94.5 >96.4 –– –– 10 12.8 15 16.2 16.7 14.4 21.7 23.5 11 21.7 >19 >20.6 28.1 25.1 –– –– 12 53.7 62.6 >56.1 69.1 69.9 <127 104.7 13 >45 –– 62.3 64.8 72.6 98.8 –– 14 55.4 54.8 70.4 57.4 60.6 –– 79.5 15 49.7 46 43.5 46.3 49.4 –– –– 16 31.2 38.5 39 39.6 43.7 –– –– 17 47.9 –– 36.7 46.9 >40.4 69.1 –– 18 >36.4 –– 51.3 >40.6 46.3 72.4 –– 19 100.9 100.9 –– 106.7 106.7 171.9 171.9 20 54.4 54.4 –– 57.8 57.8 78.1 78.1 21 47.5 48.8 51.5 53.1 50.76 78.4 –– 22 54.8 53.9 67.6 62.5 57.9 82.7 –– 23 43.6 47 46.1 45.5 47.3 62.4 –– 24 39.5 40.3 41.3 43.5 48 56.8 61.4 25 49 50.1 52.3 >47.6 >38 65.8 61.3 26 26.2 28.6 >22.4 29.1 27.9 34 37.2 27 60.1 63.4 >57.1 61.5 65.3 85.6 84.3 28 89.3 86.7 >91.9 96.8 95.3 126.9 132 29 71.8 –– 76.8 84.8 90 102 –– 30 145.7 –– 156.8 165.5 171.4 –– –– 31 36.9 –– >34.3 42.6 39.4 –– –– 32 65.7 –– 69.5 71.3 77.4 –– –– 33 22.8 –– 23.5 23 21.5 –– –– 34 66.7 –– 67.2 78.3 79.1 –– ––

3 Measurements in plain type represent those taken from complete elements; those in bold type indicate minimum measurements taken from partially broken or damaged specimens. ‘>’ means that the actual size should larger than the measurement size due to deformation; ‘<’ means that the actual size should smaller than the measurement size due to deformation. 1, the length from the rostral end of the skull to the caudal end of the quadrate condyle; 2, the length from rostral end of the skull to the caudal end of the squamosal; 3, the skull length along the midline in dorsal view; 4, the widest distance across the parietals and squamosals; 5, the widest distance across the jugals; 6, the minimum width across the frontals; 7, the greatest length across the nasals; 8, the greatest length across the quadrates in caudal view; 9, the greatest depth from the dorsal edge of the squamosal to the ventral edge of the quadrate; 10, the depth of the premaxilla from the ventral nares to the oral margin; 11, the depth from the ventral orbit to the oral margin of the maxilla; 12, the depth from the highest point of the frontal to the oral margin of the maxilla; 13, the length from the dorsal edge of the temporal bar to the ventral edge of the jugal; 14, the horizontal length from the rostral end of the skull to the rostral margin of the orbit; 15, the greatest axial length of the orbit; 16, the greatest depth of the orbit; 17; the axial length of the infratemporal fenestra; 18, the vertical depth of the infratemporal fenestra; 19, the length from the rostral end of the skull to the highest point of the frontal; 20, the length from the highest point of the frontal to the caudal end of the squamosal; 21, the axial length of the supratemporal fenestra from its most rostral point; 22, the maximum length of the supratemporal fenestra from its most rostral point; 23, the maximum wideth of the supratemeporal fenestra; 24, the frontal length; 25, the nasal length; 26, the length of the premaxilla; 27, the length of the maxilla; 28, the length from the rostral end of the skull to the distal end of the tooth row; 29, the length from the caudal end of the toothrow to the rear of the quadrate condyle; 30, the total length of the mandible; 31, the greatest depth of the mandible; 32, the dentary length; 33, the dentary depth at its middlength; 34, the angular length.