FROM THE BRIDGEWATER STATE COllEGE PERMANENT COllECTION BreakingUp--West River, c. 1925 Aldro T. Hibbard (Falmouth, Mass., 1886-Rockport, Mass., 1972) Oil on canvas, 30" x 36" Winter scenes exemplified by this large painting are among the most loved and admired themes ofAldro Hibbard's works. Done in the Impressionist style that was popular in America in the early twentieth century, this landscape was mostly painted on-site in the West River Valley ofVermont, near the artist's home. In searching out his Hibbard learned his style at the Hibbard found his subject matter not subject matter in the frozen woods and vil­ Massachusetts Normal Art School (now only in Vermont, but in the landscapes lages, Hibbard would load a sled with up to the Massachusetts College ofArt) and the tllroughout New England and Canada. 50 pounds ofpaint supplies and equipment. School ofthe Museum ofFine Arts, where Summers were spent on either Cape Cod or Impressionists were known for experienc­ he studied with such well-known painters as Cape Ann, where he founded and directed ing some difficult working conditions in Frank Benson, Phillip 1. Hale, and Edmund the Rockport School of Drawing and painting outdoors, but only Hibbard regu­ Tarbell (who is represented by a painting Painting that was later named for him. The larly endured the icy cold for his art. Here and a pastel in the College's Permanent Permanent CoUection includes anotller the painting done on-site is revealed in the Collection). The Museum School trained a work by Hibbard, a small painting titled convincing portrayal ofthe midday light of generation ofpainters in the prevailing Cape Cod Marshes, Provincetown. These two late winter on the snow, trees, hills and styles ofAcademic Classicism and Hibbard paintings are among a group of sparkling water. A range ofbrushstrokes Impressionism; Hibbard excelled in the lat­ early gifts by alumni that form the original effectively define tllese different elements: ter. He received a traveling scholarship from core ofthe Bridgewater State CoUege long and thin for the trees, broad and thick the Museum School that allowed him to Permanent Collection, now housed in a for the ice, and small and broken for the study in Europe from 1913 to 1916, where gallery within tlleArt Building. moving surface ofthe water. he came into direct contact with the works ofthe French Impressionists. He went on to Text by Roger Dunn, Professor ofArt teach at Boston University. Photo by Rob Lorenson, Assistant Professor ofArt BRIDGEWATER REVIEW BRIDGEWATER ~VIEW JUNE 2000 VOLUME 19, NUMBER 1 On the Cover: Magenta's Spirit, by Dorothy Pulsifer (triptych -altar piece­ front view). Back view shown above. This TABLE OF CONTENTS work has been inspired by altar pieces done on decorated panels which open to EDITOR'S NOTEBOOK - IF ONLY I HAD A HOME 2 reveal the paintings within. Color used to by Michael Kryzanek illuminate these religious images often has symbolic meaning but its emotional impact THE GLOBAL ELlMINATION OF LANOMINES: and expressive force is usually constrained by tradition. In this triptych, Magenta's WHERE Is WASHINGTON? 3 emotional, expressive, and spiritual impact by Christopher Kirkey is as much the subject as is the more tradi­ tional suggested spiritual content. DRESSING FOR SUCCESS: THE SUIT ON STAGE AND OFF 8 by Henry Shaffer EDITOR MASTERPIECE OR RACIST TRASH?BRlDGEWATER STUDENTS Michael Kryzanek ENTER TH E DEBATE OVER Huckleberry Finn 12 Political Science by Barbara Apstein ASSOCIATE EDITORS Barbara Apstein RECENT WORK 15 English by Dorothy Pulsifer William Levin Sociology SERVICE WITH A SMILE: CUSTOMER SOVEREIGNTY ADVISORY BOARD AND THE COMMODIFICATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION 19 Charles Angell by Michael Delucchi Professor ofEnglish Ratna Chandrasekhar MCAS MORASS 23 Librarian by William C. Levin Paul Dubois Professor of Physical Education REpORT FROM CART: "NEURAL INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE SMALL Stephen Levine INTESTINE AND THE SPHINCTER OF 0001" AND "SUSTAINABLE Professor ofTheatre Arts DEVELOPMENT FOR ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND Mercedes Nunes ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH" 25 Assistant Professor ofArt Thomas Moore RESEARCH NOTE - TAMMY DE RAMos AND KEVIN CURRy 27 Professor ofMathematics and by William C. Levin Computer Science Thomas Turner FACULTY PROFILE STEVEN YOUNG 29 Professor ofHistory FACULTY PROFILE GAIL PRlCE : 30 The Bridgewater Review is published twice a year by the faculty ofBridgewater State BOOK REVIEW - BEOWULF: ANEW VERSE TRANSLATION 31 College. Opinions expressed herein are those ofthe authors and do not necessarily by Charles F Angell reflect the policies ofthe Bridgewater Review or Bridgewater State College. Letters to the Editor should be sent to Bridgewater Review, c/o Editor, Department ofPolitical Science Bridgewater State College Bridgewater, MA 02325 Articles may be reprinted with permission ofthe Editor, Copyright © 2000, Bridgewater State College ISBN 0892-7634 BRIDGEWATER REVIEW Ifthere is an answer to homelessness, it lies in the private sector and the goodwill ofAmericans. Unfortunately, homelessness and affordable housing is not one ofthe highest philanthropic priorities ofthose with the means to donate from their excess. Giving to the homeless often must compete with charities associated with health and EDITORS NOTEBOOK hospitals, educational institutions, reli­ gious organizations and various envi­ IF ONLY I HAD A HOME ronmental concerns. Homeless shelters are forced to struggle for every available was sitting in a doctor's office recently the point where even the working poor dollar and to justify that giving to the and there was an advertisement on the find it difficult to meet rent payments. homeless is indeed a worthy use of D wall asking patients to give their used Many ofthe poor are doubling or charitable contributions. eyeglasses to the poor in the less devel­ tripling up in apartment houses in Americans are without question one oped world. A woman next to me said order to get a roofover their heads. ofthe most generous and caring people rather angrily that we should be paying But others who have no family or other in the history ofthis planet. But they more attention to the needs ofthe personal networks find themselves have been lulled into a false sense of people right here in America, instead knocking on the doors ofthe shelters prosperity, thinking that everyone is ofalways looking overseas for a cause. every night. being taken care ofand that access to At first I became a little irritated that Increasingly tl1e homeless are moth­ the bounty oftl1is economy is available she would be so unconcerned about ers with small children and teenagers to all. In one sense everyone is being the poor in far away countries, but who have separated from their parents. taken care ofsince the homeless shel­ tl1en I began to think about how our Yes, the homeless person continues to ters have become not just places to sleep enormous national wealth and individ­ match the stereotype ofthe rumpled and eat, but educational centers, detox ual prosperity sit side-by-side with vagrant who suffers from alcoholism, facilities, job training sites and mini­ glaring poverty and growing inequality. drug abuse and mental deficiency. But hospitals. But being taken care ofin an We have become a nation ofstark that is only part ofthe picture. overcrowded shelter versus having a differences between the haves and Homelessness now includes those who home are poles apart. the have-nots. are desperately seeking to find work There is no right articulated in the One ofthe more visible tragedies of and some financial stability so they can Constitution tl1at guarantees housing, this boom period is the rise in the move out ofthe shelter. but in this great country it seems so sad homeless population. Shelters, which At the heart ofthe homeless problem tl1at hundreds ofthousands ofpeople house and feed those who have no place is the lack ofaffordable housing in the spend time each day trying to find a to go, are experiencing a sad boom of United States. In 1980 the U.S. place to sleep. Most eventually do, their own. The price ofhousing stock in Department ofHousing and Urban thanks to the shelters, butwouldn't it manycities in this country has risen to Development produced more tl1an be far better ifthe public sector and the 260,000 units ofaffordable housing. In private sector made more ofan effort 1997, however, that number had to build homes for all Americans? dropped to less than 77,000 units. While this country was concentrat­ Michael Kryzanek is Editor ofthe ing on building the dream homes ofthe Bridgewater Review and Chairman of middle and upper classes, the poor have the Board ofthe Brockton Coalition for found that there are less opportunities the Homeless. for them to experience that same dream. Moreover, with budget cuts in Washington and states and local com­ munities fixed on high rise office space, convention centers, sports arenas and transportation projects, there has been little left in the public coffers to address the housing needs ofthose at the bot­ tom ofthe economic ladder. BRlDGEWATER REVlEW 2 USAP MINE POLICY: PRELUDE TO OTTAWA Much effort to restrict AP mines, albeit sporadic and less than fully successful, had been spent bythe inter­ national community- including the United States - prior to the onset ofthe Ottawa Process. The 10 October 1980 Convention on Conventional Weapons (CCW) represented the first major breakthrough in an attempt to address the humanitarian horrors inflicted by AP mines. Protocol II ofthe CCW­ Prohibitions or Restrictions