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1 April 1971 PROCEEDINGS OF A SYMPOSIUM,VIENNA, 29 MARCH -1 APRIL 1971 INTERNATIONAL ATOM IC ENERGY AGENCY, VIENNA, 1971 RADIATION AND RADIOISOTOPES FOR INDUSTRIAL MICROORGANISMS The following States are Members of the International Atomic Energy Agency: AFGHANISTAN GREECE PAKISTAN ALBANIA GUATEMALA PANAMA ALGERIA HAITI PARAGUAY ARGENTINA HOLY SEE PERU AUSTRALIA HUNGARY PHILIPPINES AUSTRIA ICELAND POLAND BELGIUM INDIA PORTUGAL BOLIVIA INDONESIA ROMANIA BRAZIL IRAN SAUDI ARABIA BULGARIA IRAQ SENEGAL BURMA IRELAND SIERRA LEONE BYELORUSSIAN SOVIET ISRAEL SINGAPORE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC ITALY SOUTH AFRICA CAMEROON IVORY COAST SPAIN CANADA JAMAICA SUDAN CEYLON JAPAN SWEDEN CHILE JORDAN SWITZERLAND CHINA KENYA SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC COLOMBIA KHMER REPUBLIC THAILAND CONGO, DEMOCRATIC KOREA, REPUBLIC OF TUNISIA REPUBLIC OF KUWAIT TURKEY COSTA RICA LEBANON UGANDA CUBA LIBERIA UKRAINIAN SOVIET SOCIALIST CYPRUS LIBYAN ARAB REPUBLIC REPUBLIC CZECHOSLOVAK SOCIALIST LIECHTENSTEIN UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLIC LUXEMBOURG REPUBLICS DENMARK MADAGASCAR UNITED ARAB REPUBLIC DOMINICAN REPUBLIC MALAYSIA UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT ECUADOR MALI BRITAIN AND NORTHERN EL SALVADOR MEXICO IRELAND ETHIOPIA MONACO UNITED STATES OF AMERICA FINLAND MOROCCO URUGUAY FRANCE NETHERLANDS VENEZUELA GABON NEW ZEALAND VIET-NAM GERMANY, FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGER YUGOSLAVIA GHANA NIGERIA ZAMBIA NORWAY The Agency's Statute was approved on 23 October 1956 by the Conference on the Statute of the IAEA held at United Nations Headquarters, New York; it entered into force on 29 July 1957. The Headquarters of the Agency are situated in Vienna. Its principal objective is "to accelerate and enlarge the contribution of atomic energy to peace, health and prosperity throughout the world". Printed by the IAEA, in Austria August 1971 PROCEEDINGS SERIES RADIATION AND RADIOISOTOPES FOR INDUSTRIAL MICROORGANISMS PROCEEDINGS OF A SYMPOSIUM ON USE OF RADIATION AND RADIOISOTOPES FOR GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF INDUSTRIAL MICROORGANISMS HELD BY THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY IN VIENNA, 29 MARCH - 1 APRIL 1971 INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY VIENNA, 1971 COVER The right-hand photograph shows a strain of Aspergillus nidulans carrying a duplicate chromosome segment. After deletions from one or other of these segments, sectors emerge. Loss of the dominant allele for green conidia gives a sector with yellow conidia. The left-hand photograph shows the same strain, grown on medium with 0.1% caffeine,which inhibits repair of spontaneous errors arising during chromosome replication. For these photographs acknowledgment is due to Professor J.A . Roper of the Department of Genetics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom. RADIATION AND RADIOISOTOPES FOR INDUSTRIAL MICROORGANISMS IAEA, VIENNA, 1971 ST I/PU B / 287 FOREWORD M an1 s use of microbial fermentation goes back to the beginnings of civilization, as exemplified by the ancient arts of brewing, of producing wine and spirits, and of bread-making. Duringthe last forty years, as a striking departure from the inefficient traditional fermentation procedures, man has recognized the great poten­ tial of the specific metabolic processes of certain microorganisms. This recognition has led to new developments in the microbial fermentation in­ dustries, which today produce many organic substances that have nutri­ tional, medicinal and other applications for human welfare. These advances, if properly utilized, can bring even greater benefits for the welfare and economy of the developing and developed nations of the world. The recent advances in microbiology, microbial genetics, biochemistry, molecular biology and related disciplines have elucidated the genetic basis of the biosynthetic pathways and their regulatory mechanisms and have thus provided a means of improving the efficiency of many fermentation pro­ cesses, resulting in a quantitative increase in the yields of products and in the synthesis of new products. In this work the application of ionizing radiations and radioisotopes has made a significant contribution, as is evident from the present volume, which contains the papers and discussions from the Symposium on the Use of Radiation and Radioisotopes for Genetic Improvement of Industrial Micro­ organisms, held by the IAEA in Vienna from 29 March till 1 April 1971. The symposium was attended by about 100 participants from 28 countries and five international organizations. The papers review the results of research on microbial mutagenesis and recombination, physiology, biochemistry and allied topics in relation to microbial fermentation. In addition, the book includes a brief review of the current status and future outlook of applied microbiology in certain developing countries; this may be of special interest to those responsible for international programs concerned with microbiology. EDITORIAL NOTE The papers and discussions incorporated in the proceedings published by the International Atomic Energy Agency are edited by the Agency's edi­ torial staff to the extent considered necessary for the reader's assistance. The views expressed and the general style adopted remain, however, the responsibility of the named authors or participants. For the sake of speed of publication the present Proceedings have been printed by composition typing and photo-offset lithography. Within the lim i­ tations imposed by this method, every effort has been made to maintain a high editorial standard; in particular, the units and symbols employed are to the fullest practicable extent those standardized or recommended by the competent international scientific bodies. The affiliations of authors are those given at the time of nomination. The use in these Proceedings of particular designations of countries or territories does not imply any judgement by the Agency as to the legal status of such countries or territories, of their authorities and institutions or of the delimitation of their boundaries. The mention of specific companies or of their products or brand-names does not imply any endorsement or recommendation on the part of the International Atomic Energy Agency. CONTENTS INTRODUCTORY PAPER Микробиологическая генетика как теоретическая основа селекции промышленных микроорганизмов (IAEA-3M-134/20).............................. 3 С. И. Алиханян D iscussion ......................................................................................................................... 9 MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS AND REPAIR PROCESSES (Sessions 1 and 2) Molecular mechanisms of mutation (IAEA-SM -134/27) ............................ 13 H . Heslot D iscussion ........................................................................................................................ 40 Basis for radiosensitivity of some mutants of Hemophilus influenzae (IAEA-SM -134/3) ......................................................................................................... 43 N.K. Notani, V.R. Joshi and A. R. Go p a 1 - Ay e n g a r D iscussion ......................................................................................................................... 51 Radioresistance of some microorganisms and their purine-5-phosphoribose-1 -pyrophosphate transferase activity (IAEA-SM -1 3 4 /8) ........................................................................................ 53 G . Partsch and H. Altmann D iscussion ......................................................................................................................... 61 U.V. mutability in gamma-ray-sensitive mutants of N eu rospora c ra s s a (IAEA-SM - 13 4 /13) .......................................................... 63 R. D. Mehta and J. Wei j er D iscussion ......................................................................................................................... 71 Some sites for the indirect effects of radiation on DNA constituents (IAEA-SM - 134/4) .......................................................................................................... 73 B.B. Singh, V.T. Srinivasan, K.P. Mishra and A. R. Go p al - Ay en gar D iscussion ......................................................................................................................... 79 GENETICS AND PHYSIOLOGY OF INDUSTRIAL MICROORGANISMS (Session 3) Application and importance of fungal genetics for industrial re& earch (IA E A -S M -1 3 4 /2 4 )................................................................................... 83 К . E s s e r D iscussion ......................................................................................................................... 90 Physiological and genetical studies on yeasts of the genus Candida (IAEA-SM - 134/5) ......................................................................................................... 93 C . Gaillardin and H. Heslot D iscussion ......................................................................................................................... 109 Vegetative instability in fungi: the role of chromosome aberrations (IAEA-SM-134/1) ......................................................................................................... 113 J. A. R o p e r D iscussion ........................................................................................................................ 119 Instability at mitosis in Aspergillus nidulans (IAEA-SM-134/2) .......... 123 B. H. N g a Microbial genetics and the control of the pathogens in agricultural industries (IAEA-SM-134/22) .................................................
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