Socially Engaged Art and Arts Education
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BUILDING COMMUNITY: SOCIALLY ENGAGED ART AND ARTS EDUCATION ____________ A Project Presented To the Faculty of California State University, Chico ____________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Interdisciplinary Master of Arts in Art Education: Pre-K – Older Adult ____________ by © Bobbie Rae Jones 2018 Spring 2018 BUILDING COMMUNITY: SOCIALLY ENGAGED ART AND ARTS EDUCATION A Project by Bobbie Rae Jones Spring 2018 APPROVED BY THE INTERIM DEAN OF GRADUATE STUDIES: Sharon Barrios, Ph.D. APPROVED BY THE GRADUATE ADVISORY COMMITTEE: Carson D. Medley, Ed.D. Teresa L. Cotner, Ph.D., Chair Graduate Coordinator Jerome Pouwels, MFA PUBLICATION RIGHTS No portion of this Project may be reprinted or reproduced in any manner unacceptable to the usual copyright restrictions without the written permission of the author. iii DEDICATION This work is dedicated to the people that have supported me along the way. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I want to acknowledge the kind support from my mentor and friend Teresa Cotner, my guide into understanding my purpose, and to all those who supported and taught me the skills in arts I have learned along the way. v TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE Publication Rights .............................................................................................................. iii Dedication ........................................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................. v Abstract ............................................................................................................................... VIII CHAPTER I. Introduction ..................................................................................................... 1 The HeART of Community .............................................................. 1 Significance of This Project .............................................................. 1 Methodology ...................................................................................... 6 Defining Socially Engaged Art .............................................. 7 Purpose of the Project ....................................................................... 9 Limitations .......................................................................................... 16 II. Literature Review ........................................................................................... 17 History of Socially Engaged Art ...................................................... 26 Multicultural Arts Education ........................................................... 29 Community and California’s Unique History ............................... 32 Democracy in Our Communities .................................................... 39 III. Methods and Findings ................................................................................... 43 Socially Engaged Art Practice 1 ....................................................... 48 Socially Engaged Art Practice 2 ....................................................... 50 MFA Studios and Exhibition ........................................................... 52 Arts and Rural Areas ........................................................................ 57 vi CHAPTER PAGE IV. Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendations ......................................... 59 Summary ............................................................................................ 59 Conclusion .......................................................................................... 61 Recommendations ............................................................................. 64 References ........................................................................................................ 67 Appendices A. Art Education Unit Plans: Pre-K — Older Adult ....................................... 72 B. Nurturing Strength: Women’s Stories in Portrait ...................................... 117 C. Socially Engaged Art ...................................................................................... 124 D. Rural Partnership: CSU Chico Public Murals ............................................ 130 E. Art Education .................................................................................................. 133 vii ABSTRACT BUILDING COMMUNITY: SOCIALLY ENGAGED ART AND ARTS EDUCATION by © Bobbie Rae Jones 2018 Interdisciplinary Master of Arts in Art Education: Pre-K – Older Adult California State University, Chico Spring 2018 Art education and Socially Engaged Art as a bridge toward community building is an effective method to unite various populations of people in a multicultural and globally connected region. I compare the roles art education and Socially Engaged Art can play in supporting mental and physical health in communities, and in connect- ing people together in social contexts. I examine qualitative research from Northern Californian educational and community meeting sites. Artists can make art that advocates for the underprivileged and they can build bridges among community members. Art is a source of interaction that artists can use to build authentic and meaningful relationships, strengthening the ties of the people in the U.S. who desire to viii create an ethical and moral democratic paradigm. Using art as a source of community building can be a successful, peaceful, and powerful method of a nonviolent protest. ix CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION The HeART of Community Referring to several artists, including the author, Socially Engaged Art (SEA) and art education are discussed and compared. The people used as part of the discus- sion illustrate how community building through the vehicle of art creates an ethical and moral connection between peoples, and can be a support for interactions in a democratic citizenry. The artist as instigator of SEA is similar to the art educator in the classroom, as SEA and art education have similar purpose and goals. Issues connected to, for example, multiculturalism, social dynamics, expression, divergent thinking, personal growth, and identity come to play in both and are discussed in this paper. In addition, art skills are built, artifacts created, meaning is made, understanding occurs, relationships are rein- forced, and bridging occur, among various communities. Significance of This Project Art skills and aesthetics unite community through the traditional art forms of craft, visual art, music, dance, theatre, and performance. Similarly, in today’s societies, art can be used as a unifying medium, and is indeed used by educators across the sub- ject matters in public education. This is well recognized and theorized in educational 1 2 research. For example, Andrews (2016) investigated teachers using arts-based instruc- tion cross-curricular in primary schools and found that when artists are connected with teachers in-service: Teachers acquire the confidence to express themselves freely, they are willing to teach the arts in their own classrooms, they realize the potential and value of the arts within the school curriculum, and they develop arts-specific teach- ing expertise. Further, the teachers’ sensitivity to their own creativity and openness to experimentation is heightened, and awareness of the potential of the arts to develop a student’s imagination, intuition and personal expres- siveness is developed. (p. 392) The teachers also desire that the ideal scenario for their personal and professional development in the arts is an environment where discipline-based and integrative curricular activities are offered, and both the creative process and the creative product are val- ued. (Andrews, p. 391) Arts education in public schools begins with training the teachers to assist students with instructional methods that use an “artistic mode of thinking and knowing” (Snyder, Heckman, & Scialdone, 2009, 1924). Arts based-learning imbued in the classroom can help with the success in any career venture. The creative process that arts-based learning (ABL) offers contributes to developing skills that can be used to solve problems in all careers, from the graphic artist to a doctor. At California State University Chico (CSU Chico) I assisted, observed, and helped teach Arts 493, Development of Children’s Art (K-8), with professor Teresa Cotner. The course is geared toward introducing arts-based learning (ABL) to liberal arts students. “ABL is the instrumental use of artistic skills, processes and experiences as 3 educational tools to foster learning in non-artistic disciplines and domains” (The Art of Science Learning, 2018,). In this class, the history of art and art education is taught, as well as several art activities in various media to use in their future classrooms. Handling of materials and assistance from myself and Cotner supported students in expanding their limited artistic ability, and initiated them into the ability to teach lessons using artistic methods. All of the future teachers were interested in the arts activities that were taught, and some were much more enthusiastic than others. The year following the class, I ran into one of the students at an educational job fair at CSU Chico (March 10, 2018). Enthusiastic to see me again, he mentioned his goal to use ABL across the subject matter when he entered his career. Prior experiences in arts shape a person’s interest in arts, be it a positive or negative influence; either reinforcement impacts