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Rule and Resistance Beyond the Nation State Resistance Studies: Critical Engagements with Power and Social Change

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Rule and Resistance Beyond the Nation State Resistance Studies: Critical Engagements with Power and Social Change Rule and Resistance Beyond the Nation State Resistance Studies: Critical Engagements with Power and Social Change Series editors: Mikael Baaz, Mona Lilja, Sara Motta, Louiza Odysseos, and Stellan Vinthagen Resistance appears in many different shapes and forms. It is about form- ing assemblies, engaging in collective and/or individual protests, involves delay tactics or direct oppositions, refusals to collaborate or the creation of alternatives—and much more. It involves power relations, violence and reshaping our political, physical and social environments. Practices of resis- tance might be played out by individuals or groups in local, national or inter- national spaces and embrace activities, which are to be seen as constructive, productive, emotional, invisible, grand, hindering or up-scaled. It might chal- lenge, redirect, subvert, mitigate or evade mechanisms and manifestations of power; it might even produce new forms of power. It permeates all that we recognise as culture, material settings and the very conditions of human exis- tence, such as, life and death. And, it seems to be one of the most important engines of social change. To cover all these aspects of resistance, the Resis- tance studies series publishes original research on a wide range of issues, such as, subversive emotions, revolutionary struggles, political subjectivities, pre- carious resistance, the dynamics of dissident communities or belongings, and covering a wide range of productive resistance practices. This series is published in association with the Resistance Studies Net- work, http://resistancestudies.org/ Researching Resistance and Social Change: A Critical Approach to Theory and Practice Mikael Baaz, Mona Lilja, and Stellan Vinthagen Rule and Resistance Beyond the Nation State: Contestation, Escalation, Exit Edited by Felix Anderl, Christopher Daase, Nicole Deitelhoff, Victor Kempf, Jannik Pfister and Philip Wallmeier Rule and Resistance Beyond the Nation State Contestation, Escalation, Exit Edited by Felix Anderl, Christopher Daase, Nicole Deitelhoff, Victor Kempf, Jannik Pfister and Philip Wallmeier Published by Rowman & Littlefield International Ltd 6 Tinworth Street, London, SE11 5AL, UK www.rowmaninternational.com Rowman & Littlefield International Ltd. is an affiliate of Rowman & Littlefield 4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706, USA With additional offices in Boulder, New York, Toronto (Canada), and Plymouth (UK) www.rowman.com Selection and editorial matter © Felix Anderl, Christopher Daase, Nicole Deitelhoff, Victor Kempf, Jannik Pfister and Philip Wallmeier, 2019 Copyright in individual chapters is held by the respective chapter authors. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without written permission from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote passages in a review. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN: HB 978-1-78661-265-6 PB 978-1-78661-266-3 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Available ISBN 978-1-78661-265-6 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN 978-1-78661-266-3 (pbk. : alk. paper) ISBN 978-1-78661-267-0 (electronic) The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/NISO Z39.48–1992. Contents Acknowledgements vii Felix Anderl, Nicole Deitelhoff, Christopher Daase, Victor Kempf, Jannik Pfister, Philip Wallmeier 1 Introduction: Rule and Resistance Within and Beyond the Nation State 1 PART I: CONTESTATION 23 Introduction to the Section by Felix Anderl, Nicole Deitelhoff, and Regina Hack 2 Changing the International Rule of Development to Include Citizen-Driven Accountability—A Successful Case of Contestation 27 Susan Park 3 Divide and Rule? The Politics of Self-Legitimation in the WTO 49 Felix Anderl, Nicole Deitelhoff, and Regina Hack 4 The Last Refuge of the Scoundrel: Comparing Ecuadorian and Russian Harbouring of Whistle-Blowers in Light of International Civil Disobedience 69 Ben Kamis and Martin Schmetz 5 Hegemony and Varieties of Contestation: Social Movements and the Struggle over Coal-Based Energy Production in Indonesia 89 Anna Fünfgeld v vi Contents 6 Lethal Repression and Transnational Solidarity 115 Lesley J. Wood PART II: ESCALATION 135 Introduction to the Section by Jannik Pfister, Daniel Kaiser and Christopher Daase 7 How Interactions Within the Resistance Shape the Relationship Between Resistance and Rule: Jihadism in Africa and the Middle East 137 Martha Crenshaw 8 The Dynamics of Resistance and Rule in High-Capacity Authoritarian States 157 Hank Johnston 9 Escalation Through Cooperation: How Transnational Relations Affect Violent Resistance 179 Holger Marcks, Janusz Biene, Daniel Kaiser, and Christopher Daase PART III: EXIT 201 Introduction to the Section by Victor Kempf and Philip Wallmeier 10 Withdrawal as Dissident Politics 205 Philip Wallmeier and Maik Fielitz 11 Exiting Private Property—On the Interstitial Terrain of Becoming Communards 221 Ferdinand Stenglein 12 Arundhati Roy: Framing the Limits of Radicalised Dissidence 243 Rina Ramdev 13 Exodus from the Political: Workerist Conceptions of Radical Resistance 257 Victor Kempf 14 Conclusion: Approaching Rule and Resistance Beyond the Nation State 279 Index 293 About the Contributors 299 Acknowledgements This volume is the product of a number of research projects and gatherings con- vened by the ‘International Dissidence’ research group at the Goethe Univer- sity Frankfurt’s Cluster of Excellence ‘The Formation of Normative Orders’. In 2017, 60 international scholars travelled to Frankfurt for the confer- ence ‘International Dissidence: Rule and Resistance in a Globalized World’. Building on this conference, we developed the typology of contestation, esca- lation and exit, and selected the contributions that were most promising in order to introduce this framework into the scholarly discourse. In June 2018, the authors of this volume convened yet again in Frankfurt for the workshop ‘The Transnationalization of Rule and Resistance’. We wish to thank all par- ticipants of these conferences for their stimulating contributions to the discus- sions around rule and resistance beyond the nation state. Both the conference and the workshop were funded by the Cluster of Excellence ‘The Formation of Normative Orders’. Furthermore, the open-access option is also sponsored by the Cluster. We are grateful for this funding and the help provided by our colleagues in Max-Horkheimer Straße. Without their extraordinary institu- tional support, this book could not have been written. In addition, we are grateful to all those without whose help these events, and this book as a result, would not have been possible: At Rowman & Littlefield International, we want to thank Dhara Snowden and Rebecca Anastasi for steering this book project through its development. Three anonymous reviewers gave constructive criticism, and the series edi- tors of the Resistance Studies Series supported this volume throughout the process. In Frankfurt, we owe great thanks to Janusz Biene, Priska Daphi, Maik Fielitz, Regina Hack, Daniel Kaiser, Holger Marcks, Martin Schmetz, Christina Walz and Antonia Witt for their intellectual and logistic efforts in vii viii Acknowledgements organising the conference and beyond. Particularly, we want to thank Freya Steinbeck for her great work as conference assistant as well as Beate Stein and Viola Niemack for their untiring support in organisational matters. Ben Kamis was the one who made the book readable with his language editing. Finally, we are very grateful to Camilla Torresan, Ben Christian and Lisa Riegert, who provided invaluable editorial assistance and were able to bring order into the (sometimes contradictory) ideas and suggestions by six editors. Frankfurt, 19 December 2018 Felix Anderl, Nicole Deitelhoff, Christopher Daase, Victor Kempf, Jannik Pfister, Philip Wallmeier Chapter 1 Introduction: Rule and Resistance Within and Beyond the Nation State International politics is characterised by hierarchies and conflict. As interna- tional relations become increasingly institutionalised, their underlying asym- metries are manifested in relations of super- and subordination—structures of rule (Daase and Deitelhoff 2018, 2).1 This process conjures resistance in many shapes and forms. Examples range from the movement against corpo- rate globalisation and its mass street protests to violent projects for religious statehood and alternative communes trying to escape (inter)national rules. This shift of instances of rule and resistance to the international level can be described as the transnationalisation of politics. While transnationalism is not a new phenomenon (Pries 2001; Saunier 2013, 5ff.; Keck and Sikkink 1998, 39ff.; Kaiser 2017), the current political situation is marked by the increasing relevance of and attention to both trans- national assemblages of rule and transnational resistance (Keohane and Nye 1972; Risse-Kappen 1995; Tarrow 2005; Djelic and Sahlin-Andersson 2006; Teune 2010; Guzzini and Neumann 2012; Volk and Kuntz 2014). In conse- quence, the discipline of International Relations (IR) and the field of Social Movement Studies have started adapting to new realities, although often with confused conceptions of the transnational (Pfister 2016; Kamis, Pfister, and Wallmeier
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