Wildlife Tours Slovenia Reconnaissance Trip Report 2011

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Slovenia

The Julian and Karawanken Alps

A Greentours Tour Report

18th to 26th July 2011

By Paul Cardy

Report and Systematic Lists by Paul Cardy

This year’s Slovenia tour produced a wealth of plants, among them some very pleasing new additions to the list. The weather was atypically rather mixed, but only disrupted the itinerary really on one day, when prolonged heavy rain resulted in a very interesting alternative programme, particularly a visit to the UNESCO listed national park at the very impressive Skocjan Caves, in the Karst region.

The tour began in the beautifully situated town of Bovec, in the Soca Valley on the western side of Triglav National Park. Our journey there from the airport took us through many picturesque villages, along lovely narrow forested valleys, small scale agriculture and meadows.

On the first morning we drove the very short distance to the Kanin cable car station in Bovec. The cable car journey was quite an experience, each gondola holding up to four people, the trip up to 2200m taking some thirty minutes, slowing down at two intermediate stations along the way. Before setting off we saw a Grey-headed Woodpecker. Passing at first over forest, and later open slopes, we saw many plants from the cable car, including Yellow Gentians, and lower down were several Silver-washed Fritillaries and Marbled Whites on the wing. The upper station was shrouded in cloud today, but consequently there were few other visitors up here. We spent the morning ambling slowly over the limestone slopes, finding many fine flowers. The clouds even cleared occasionally revealing great views of the Soca Valley below.

We were soon admiring yellow poppies, Papaver aurantiacum, and there were several white Papaver ernesti-mayeri too. The lovely Potentilla nitida was in fine flower, with the associated Phyteuma sieberi, and much Achillea clavennae. Some fine flowering cushions of Mossy Cyphel were in bloom and we found many fine Gentiana pumila. Close inspection of the initially barren appearing screes revealed many of the beautiful pink-flowered Thlaspi rotundifolium. Valeriana supina, and Petrocallis pyrenaica were here and among the saxifrages were Saxifraga squarrosa, Saxifraga aizoides, and Saxifraga crustata in flower. One Ranunculus montanus was in flower, and there was much Viola biflora growing in the shelter of the rocks. Linaria alpina, Paedarota lutea, and Moehringia ciliata were among the many other plants.

A delicious soup or sausage lunch was enjoyed in the refugio before we returned to Bovec. On the cable car descent we had a great sight of a Purple Emperor sailing around the canopy. We

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also saw a fine patch of the architectural composite Stemmacantha rhapontica that I had first spotted here the previous year.

That first afternoon we headed north along the Soca Valley. The Juliana Botanic Garden is justly popular as a local attraction and we had a very enjoyable visit to this small garden packed full with mostly local specialities and several endemics, as well as more mundane species and a few non-natives. Willow Gentian was in bloom here. I was pleased to see such specialities as Pseudolysimachion barrelieri and Peucedanum schottii. Scotch Argus was on the wing, and there were several Chalk-hill Blues. A good find near here was Red Helleborine and a couple of Anemone trifolia still in bloom. Both Aquilegia einseleana and Aquilegia bertolonii were here too.

The following day we set out under heavy rain, along the narrow road up to Mangart, the highest road in the country. This is a superb area, but initially the weather up here was terrible, very cold, with even a hail storm. We persevered all morning finding many fine things, sheltering regularly in the vehicle to warm up before venturing out again. Later we retreated a little lower, below the tree line, to set out a picnic lunch, during which the weather improved significantly. So after lunch we returned to the end of the road, and visited all the intended sites, seeing all the hoped for plants in reasonable weather. The bonus of the initially poor weather was that for most of the day there was hardly anyone else up here! The first stop was to admire the very special endemic Campanula zoysii as usual in fine bloom here. We stopped again later in the day to better appreciate it in warmer weather. In the turf Gentiana pumila was common, and in perfect flower. A few Nigritella rhellicani were found, and Saxifraga squarrosa was in perfect flower. Again there was superb Potentilla nitida, with a few Edelweiss on the same rocks. There was a lot of the attractive Sausurrea pygmaea and a few Primula halleri were found in seed. Saxifraga sedoides bloomed at the base of a cliff. Allium victorialis was in good flower. Moonwort, Veronica alpina, Veronica aphylla, Veronica fruticans, Hedysarum hedysaroides, Oxytropis jacquinii and Juncus jacquinii were among other species noted. Among the Campanulas were Campanula cochlearifolia, Campanula scheuchzeri and Campanula witasekiana. The improvement in the weather also revealed fine views down into Italy and across to the peaks of Austria.

Net-leaved, Thyme-leaved, and Retuse-leaved Willow formed creeping ground cover and Laserpitium peucedanoides was in attractive fruit. Recent snow melt had much Soldanella pusilla, as well as Ranunculus traunfellneri and Saxifraga androsacea, whilst Saxifraga burseriana was in fruit. There were a few plants of Paederota bonarota, the yellow flowered species being much commoner here.

Another stop yielded the always special Chamorchis alpina, as well as Nigritella rubra and at another site was the only Saxifraga tenella of the tour. On the drive down we found Cyclamen purpurascens, Senecio abrotanifolius, and much Helleborus niger in leaf. The only butterfly seen today was Water Ringlet, on the wing as we ate lunch. Alpine Swifts were seen very well as they sped past.

The following day, the short drive up and over the Predil pass was beautiful, through lovely forest, on the Italian side the Tarvisio forest. The mountain scenery was superb and it’s hard to believe these are not very high mountains, being only around the 2,500m mark, they certainly look impressive and the limestone formations are reminiscent of the Dolomites.

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We headed purposefully for Sella Nevea to take the funivia up towards Monte Canin, on the Italian side of the border, and not far over the pass from where we had been above Bovec on the first day. Today we basked under cloudless blue skies, the views were sublime, and we were already recording many plants on the journey. Once out of the cable car, at about 1800m, there were soon many interesting plants. The path took us across a rather large snow patch close to the refuge.

Above us stretched a fine dry valley, with several remaining snow patches. We set out slowly towards the pass, not necessarily intending to reach it, but we did find ourselves doing so. There was so much to see along the way, the floral display being superb. The white Papaver ernesti-mayeri was a fine sight. Also here were a few yellow flowered poppies, Papaver aurantiacum. The blue Linum alpinum was attractive and abundant, there was much Dryas octopetala, and much of the Rhododendron hirsutum was still in fine bloom. The few Rhodothamnus chamecistus had however gone over. Phyteuma sieberi was growing on the boulders, and Phyteuma scheuchzeri was much in evidence. Achillea clavennae was numerous, with a few Achillea atrata. There was much Saxifraga crustata in fine flower, and Saxifraga aizoides too. Ranunculus hybridus was here and Gypsophila repens was numerous. Higher up the vegetation thinned out, but some very special things appeared. Thlaspi rotundifolium became numerous among the poppies, and Ranunculus traunfellneri was in fine flower. At the pass was Potentilla nitida. Beside one of the snow patches were several Soldanella alpina still in flower, and the diminutive Soldanella minima.

A highlight came when Trevor spotted an Alpine Ibex below us, close to the refuge. We watched this animal for ages as it walked closer, eventually reaching a small snow patch. Remarkably once at the pass we saw a total of another six Ibex, which approached us even closer. We stood and watched their behaviour for a very long time, a fine experience. The views at the pass were sublime.

Returning to the flowers, the large white-flowered Trifolium noricum was a pleasing find. There were two pink flowered louseworts, namely Pedicularis verticillata and Pedicularis rostratocapitata. Biscutella laevigata was common, Valeriana saxatilis flowered on the rocks, and Rhodiola rosea was in flower.

This really was a superb wild, open place, and the usual suite of birds of this habitat were much in evidence, Alpine Chough, Alpine Accentor, Wheatears, Water Pipits, Black Redstarts, and Snow Finches. There were few butterflies but we did see Mountain Green-veined Whites, a Mountain Clouded Yellow, Little Blue, Mountain Argus, and an Alpine Grizzled Skipper.

The plant highlight came when the endemic Lilium carniolicum was found in superb flower. Some twenty five were here, a tour highlight. There were a few of the more prosaic Martagon Lilies here too. Silene acaulis, Tofieldia calyculata, Crepis aurea, Adenostyles alpina, Cirsium spinosissimum, Valeriana elongata, Bartsia alpina, Myosotis alpestris, Arabis alpina, Thesium pyrenaicum, and Salix retusa were among the many other species recorded here.

We ate lunch in the Refugio, a little late but the things that had delayed us had been very special. Returning to Sella Nevea by cable car and back on the road in Italy we made several short stops finding things such as Epipactis helleborine and Epipactis atrorubens. A stop in Tarvisio Forest yielded several butterflies. Silver-washed Fritillary was here and also

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represented by the valezina form. Dark Green, High Brown, Spotted and Heath Fritillaries were all here too. Arran Brown was abundant in many forests during the tour, and there were several Large Ringlets. Fir Clubmoss and Large-flowered Hemp-nettle were among the plants. A great find here was the impressive longhorn beetle Monochamus sartor.

At the Predil Pass a ruined late nineteenth century fort was surrounded by flowery meadows that surprisingly however had almost no butterflies in them. Here however was a lone Orange Lily, and Thalictrum simplex was added to the plant list.

After four nights we said our farewells to the very good hotel in Bovec, heading again north along the Soca Valley, where we saw White Admiral, Purple-shot Copper, and Silver-studded Blue, and Geranium macrorrhizum, and then paid a visit to the Triglav Visitor Centre. Passing again the botanic garden, the road climbed quickly up to the Vrsic Pass. It was pleasing to see the white flowered Campanula thyrsoides on the roadside, and, at the very busy pass, Bladder Gentians, Dianthus sternbergii, and Senecio abrotanifolius again. Below the pass a woodland path produced Astrantia carniolica, Willow Gentian in leaf, and many Cyclamen purpurascens. Unfortunately the Malaxis monophyllos I found at this site a couple of years previously was no longer here.

After a very good snack lunch at a little cafe in a fine situation we took a series of minor roads through excellent forest, arriving mid afternoon in the tourist centre of Bled, an extremely popular place, situated on a picturesque lake, with its famous island Church of the Assumption. Today we visited the castle and its museum. Then on to Bohinj, busy too, but arriving there at an excellent hotel. Later in the evening we enjoyed a good dinner in a small resturant in town that we returned to on the following evenings.

Our first day here saw us driving west along the southern shore of Bohinj Lake, and thence to the end of the road a few kilometres further along. We took another cable car up to the slopes of Mount Vogel. This usually touristy place was quiet today as there was cloud at the top, no views consequently but the flowers were still there. The views were however good initially as we rose above the lake and climbed up to just over 1500m, but we soon vanished into the clouds. The highlight was on the cliffs just below the upper station, several Campanula zoysii in fine flower. Once out of the cable car we had the slopes almost to ourselves, and walked to the nearby chairlift, which would take us a little higher. On the way we saw the very attractive, small, pink-flowered Heracleum austriacum subspecies siifolium. This is an endemic and very unlike the familiar coarse hogweed.

Crossbills were very active here, some approaching us very closely, and Bullfinches were numerous in the area. The habitat was dominated by Pinus mugo, with the typical associated Rhododendron hirsutum. After an excellent lunch down near the lake we set out to explore some of the minor roads around Bohinj, initially in the fine Beech forest, where some impressive patches of Telekia speciosa bloomed along the roadsides, as well as Cirsium carniolicum. A few stops to explore the forest floor produced a few Monotropa hypopitys in fruit, and Sanicle. Narrow roads took us through a series of unspoilt traditional villages, cut and uncut hay meadows, beech forest and spruce forest. One large boggy clearing in the forest was particularly interesting, with a small observation platform. A narrow path allowed us access to the sphagnum bog to examine the variety of Carex species (notably Carex pauciflora), Rhynchospora alba, Eriophorum angustifolium, Trichophorum alpinum, Scheuchzeria palustris,

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Potentilla palustris, and Grass-of-Parnassus. Bog Rosemary was in leaf and there were many rosettes of Drosera rotundifolia. A stop for Aconitum napellus also yielded Gentianella germanica and Red-backed Shrike was seen.

On the Sunday morning at Bohinj we awoke to heavy prolonged rain, which necessitated a change of plan from the visit into the Karawanken. So taking an attractive very minor road towards Skofja Loka (along which a fine colony of Monotropa hypopitys was located, and Cross Gentians), there was free time to explore this most attractive and interesting Slovenian town, concentrating on the protected historic old town, and particularly Loka Castle.

I then had the idea to head south west, into the Karst region, almost to the Italian and Croatian borders to visit the world famous cave complex at Skocjan, which seemed a good destination in such poor weather. In fact the weather improved somewhat as we neared our destination, but the journey was relentlessly wet. Having bought the obligatory tour tickets, whilst we waited there were even a few butterflies and plants, namely Dryad, Heath Fritillary, and Eryngium amethystinum.

The 3km walk through the caves was very worthwhile, initially along narrow tunnels, opening into small chambers with fantastic stalagmites and stalactites. Then we reached the roaring Reka River in a huge cavern, which here disappears underground for 34km, emerging again in Italy. The narrow passageways took us along the cliffs far above the river, and across bridges, with fine views of the rushing Reka. A fascinating geological visit, but sadly none of the special few animals that live here were encountered. I had particularly hoped for the chance of seeing an Olm (human fish!), but there was no chance on this all too busy route through the caves.

Outside again the highlight was the very attractive Digitalis laevigata. Orobanche hederae parasitised ivy and the tall Campanula bononiensis was seen. A longish drive saw a later arrival back at Bohinj but we had enjoyed a very good day despite the weather.

Much better weather on our last full day as we headed towards the Loibl Pass, the border with Austria, along another fine river valley. It took just over an hour to reach the tunnel entrance, from where we set out on foot to walk up to the pass along the old unpaved road, now blocked. This was a very enjoyable walk, along a road and not be bothered by any traffic at all.

Under the beech and spruce were many Broad-leaved and a few Red Helleborines, and several dead spikes of Bird’s-nest Orchids. Hacquetia epipactis was here, and Umbellifers generally are a feature of this walk, with many large impressive species in flower, namely much Sweet Cicely, Wild Angelica, Peucedanum venetum, Peucedanum austriacum, many Laserpitium siler and Laserpitium latifolium, and Greater Masterwort was abundant. A lone Grafia golaka was found in Austria. Splashes of pink were provided by Linum viscosum, the flowers however mostly closed today. Rocks had flowering Potentilla caulescens, and the leaves of Primula auricula. Campanula thyrsoides was in fine flower. Astragalus glycyphyllos and Astragalus cicer were both in seed, and the Calamintha nepeta had a particularly pungent smell. Campanula cespitosa was new for us, and notably Campanula zoysii was seen again.

The pass itself was very interesting with two pillars erected after the First World War marking the border, and a small wooden refuge that was closed. Lilium carniolicum was in seed, with the large fruiting pods impressive. Lilium bulbiferum and Lilium martagon were also over. Once again Willow Gentian was in early bud. Tofield’s Asphodel, Stachys alpina, Galeopsis pubescens,

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Geranium phaeum, and Thalictrum aquilegifolium were among the other plants recorded here. There was a lone Lamium orvala in flower and both Fly Honeysuckle and Alpine Honeysuckle were in fruit.

After much searching I located a perfect specimen of Orobanche salviae on Salvia glutinosa and Orobanche laserpitii-sileris was parasitic on the Laserpitium. Back near the vehicle was a fine colony of many Monotropa hypophegea. An interesting large weevil here was Liparus glabrirostris. The butterfly highlight was a good number of Styrian Ringlets. A short stop to explore the base of the scree slopes to the west of the tunnel produced a few Lady’s Slippers in seed, the endemic Cerastium subtriflorum, Pyrola rotundifolia, but only a very few Orobanche flava, parasitising the Tussilago, this year.

We did not have to leave Bohinj until early afternoon so the morning was left free for local walks or relaxation before another very good salad in the small restaurant at the other end of the lake, after which we set out for the airport by mainly minor roads.

It simply remained for me to drive back across northern Italy, and returning the mini-bus to Turin airport after driving it for four tours.

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Slovenia Lists 2011

Itinerary

Day 1. Monday 18th July Arrival, Kranj to Bovec. Day 2. Tuesday 19th July Kanin Cable Car from Bovec. Soca Valley. Juliana Botanic Garden. Day 3. Wednesday 20th July Mangart. Day 4. Thursday 21st July Predil Pass. Sella Nevea (Italy). Refugio Gilberti (Italy). Day 5. Friday 22nd July Bovec, Soca Valley, Vrsic Pass, Kranjska Gora, Bled, Bohinj. Day 6. Saturday 23rd July Vogel. Bohinj. Bog. Day 7. Sunday 24th July Bohinjska Bistrica. Skofja Loka. Skocjan Caves. Day 8. Monday 25th July Loibl Pass. Day 9. Tuesday 26th July Bohinj. To Kranj. Departure.

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Systematic List Number 1 Plants

The systematic order and nomenclature follow ‘Flora Alpina’, by Aeschimann et al., 2004. Flora Europaea was also used to check certain identifications, although much of the nomenclature therein is now out of date. Several species were added to the list this year, and are annotated 2011. The few species seen on the 2008 reconnaissance, or in 2009 or 2010, but not recorded in 2011, are put in square brackets.

A. PTERIDOPHYTA Ferns and their allies

Lycopodiaceae Huperzia selago Fir Clubmoss Krma Valley, 2009. Tarvisio Forest 2011. [Lycopodium annotinum Interrupted Clubmoss Bohinj area, 2008] Lycopodium clavatum Stag’s-horn Clubmoss Vogel 2011

Selaginellaceae Selaginella selaginoides Lesser Clubmoss Scattered records, e.g. Mangart and Loibl Selaginella helvetica Swiss Clubmoss Soca Valley

Equisetaceae Equisetum palustre Marsh Horsetail Bog near Bohinj Equisetum fluviatile Water Horsetail Recorded in 2010 Equisetum sylvaticum Wood Horsetail Local around Bohinj Equisetum arvense Common Horsetail Scattered records Equisteum telmateia Great Horsetail Noted from the Kanin cable car

Ophioglossaceae Botrychium lunaria Moonwort Mangart Botrychium virginianum a moonwort Juliana botanic garden, one plant, labelled but there naturally?

Polypodiaceae Polypodium vulgare Common Polypody Scattered records Pteridium aquilinum Bracken Widespread Phegopteris connectilis Beech Fern Forests, e.g. Vrsic Asplenium trichomanes Maidenhair Spleenwort Rocks at various sites Asplenium viride Green Spleenwort Limestone ledges and boulders on Sella Prevala, and many other sites Asplenium ruta-muraria Wall-rue Scattered records [Asplenium fissum a Spleenwort Sella Prevala 2008] Asplenium ceterach ssp.bivalens Rusty-back Fern Skocjan Caves and wild in Juliana botanic garden, 2011 Asplenium scolopendrium Hart’s-tongue Fern Skocjan Caves 2011 Athyrium filix-femina Lady-fern Forests Aythyrium distentifolium Alpine Lady-fern Italy Cystopteris fragilis Brittle Bladder-fern Sheltered rocks (some may be referable to C. alpina) Gymnocarpium dryopteris Oak Fern Scattered records, e.g. Vrsic

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Gymnocarpium robertianum Limestone Fern Widespread Polystichum lonchitis Holly Fern Scattered records, e.g. Kanin Polystichum aculeatum Hard Shield Fern Loibl 2011 Polystichum setiferum Soft Shield Fern Loibl and Vrsic Dryopteris filix-mas Male Fern Forests Dryopteris affinis Scaly Male Fern Scattered records Dryopteris villarii Rigid Buckler-fern Gilberti

B. CONIFEROPSIDA Conifer trees and their allies

Pinaceae Abies alba European Silver Fir Co-dominant at Sella Nevea. Picea abies Norway Spruce Widespread – main forest dominant at mid-altitudes. Larix decidua European Larch Frequent in middle altitudes, locally dominant just below treeline. Pinus nigra Austrian Pine Scattered records. Pinus sylvestris Scots Pine Forest at middle altitudes. Pinus mugo Dwarf Mountain Pine Often dominant 1800-2100m and locally down to middle levels in the understorey.

Cupressaceae Juniperus c. communis Juniper Scattered. Juniperus c.alpina Widespread.

C. ANGIOSPERMS - DICOTYLEDONES

Aristolochiaceae Asarum europaeum Asarabacca In leaf at Skocjan caves 2011

Ranunculaceae Helleborus niger Christmas Rose Widespread and very common in leaf and fruit Trollius europaeus Globeflower Scattered records, over Actaea spicata Baneberry Loibl Pass etc., in fruit. In flower Tarvisio Forest. Caltha palustris Marsh Marigold Local, in fruit. Aconitum lycoctonum Wolfsbane Widespread and very common [sspp. neapolitanum and vulparia] Aconitum napellus Monk’s-hood In flower in Bohinj area Aconitum angustifolium In leaf in Soca Valley 2010. Anemone t. trifolia (a wood-anemone) Two in flower in Soca Valley, in leaf elsewhere. Hepatica nobilis Hepatica Forests, in leaf. Pulsatilla alpina Alpine Pasque Flower In seed at several sites. ssp. austriaca. Clematis vitalba Traveller’s-joy Scattered at mid levels. Clematis recta Ground Clematis Bohinj. Clematis alpina Alpine Clematis Sella Prevala 2010 Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup Recorded

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Ranunculus lanuginosus Woolly Buttercup Loibl, in fruit Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup Scattered Ranunculus carinthiacus a mountain buttercup Scattered at higher altitudes Ranunculus montanus Mountain Buttercup 1 plant on Kanin Ranunculus bulbosus Bulbous Buttercup Recorded Ranunculus hybridus Hybrid Buttercup 1 in flower at Sella Prevala. In leaf at Mangart. Ranunculus traunfellneri an alpine crowfoot Locally common at higher altitudes Ranunculus platanifolius a buttercup Loibl Pass [Aquilegia vulgaris Common Columbine Vogel 2009] [Aquilegia atrata Dark Columbine Mangart 2009] Aquilegia einseleana Einsel’s Columbine Mangart, Soca Valley, etc. Aquilegia bertolonii Bertoloni’s Columbine Stems sticky hairy in upper part. Tarvisio forest. Udine not given in FA, but occurs in Slovenia as well as western Alps. Thalictrum aquilegifolium Great Meadow-rue Loibl Pass, in fruit Thalictrum minus Lesser Meadow-rue Scattered records Thalictrum simplex Slim Meadow-rue 1 on Predil Pass 2011

Berberidaceae Berberis vulgaris Barberry Scattered records, e.g. Bohinj

Papaveraceae Papaver aurantiacum an alpine poppy Yellow flowers. A few at Sella Prevala , several on Kanin above Bovec. Papaver ernesti-mayeri an alpine poppy White flowers. Sella, Prevala, and Kanin. [Papaver kerneri an alpine poppy Yellow flowers. Loibl Pass and Hochobir. 2010.]

Fumariaceae [Fumaria vaillantii Few-flowered Fumitory Sella Nevea 2009]

Ulmaceae Ulmus glabra Wych Elm Ulmus minor Small-leaved Elm

Urticaceae Urtica dioica Stinging Nettle Widespread Parietaria officinalis Common Pellitory Scattered records

Juglandaceae Juglans regia Walnut

Fagaceae Fagus sylvatica Beech The typical forest dominant below 1500m Castanea sativa Sweet Chestnut Quercus cerris Turkey Oak Skocjan Caves

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Quercus robur Common Oak Quercus pubescens Downy Oak Skocjan Caves

Betulaceae Betula pendula Silver Birch Alnus viridis Green Alder Alnus glutinosa Alder Alnus incana Grey Alder Carpinus betulus Hornbeam Ostrya carpinifolia Hop Hornbeam Locally dominant, e.g. Kanin slopes Corylus avellana Hazel

Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium bonus-henricus Good King Henry Chenopodium album Fat Hen

Caryophyllaceae Arenaria ciliata Fringed Sandwort Mangart Arenaria serpyllifolia Thyme-leaved Sandwort Recorded Moehringia muscosa Mossy Sandwort Mossy boulders, e.g. Sella Nevea and Loibl. Moehringia ciliata Creeping Sandwort Mangart and Kanin [Minuartia rupestris Rock Sandwort Hochobir 2010] Minuartia verna Spring Sandwort sspp. verna and collina at Mangart Minuartia capillacea a sandwort Sella Prevala Minuartia sedoides Mossy Cyphel Scattered high altitude records, e.g. Mangart and Kanin Stellaria media Common Chickweed Recorded Stellaria graminea Lesser Stitchwort Soca Valley [Cerastium julicum Julian Mouse-ear Hochobir 2010] Cerastium arvense Field Mouse-ear Scattered records Cerastium alpinum Alpine Mouse-ear Gilberti 2011 [Cerastium carinthiacum Carinthian Mouse-ear Hochobir 2010] Cerastium subtriflorum Slovenian Mouse-ear Various sites, e.g.Loibl Pass and Mangart Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear Scattered records Cerastium glomeratum Sticky Mouse-ear Scattered records [Myosoton aquaticum Water Chickweed Soca Valley 2009] [Sagina saginoides Alpine Pearlwort Hochobir 2008] Silene nutans Nottingham Catchfly Scattered records [Silene viridiflora a catchfly Mangart etc. 2010] Silene vulgaris Bladder Campion Widespread Silene hayekiana a catchfly Soca Valley Silene acaulis Moss Campion Mangart and Kanin [Silene exscapa a moss campion Mangart 2009] Silene pusilla an alpine catchfly Mangart Silene quadrifida an alpine catchfly Locally very common, e.g. Mangart Silene latifolia alba White Campion Recorded Silene dioica Red Campion Widespread

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Gypsophila repens Alpine Gypsophila Mangart etc. Numerous Sella Nevea. Saponaria officinalis Soapwort Roadsides lower down Petrorhagia saxifraga Tunic Flower Scattered records Dianthus carthusianorum Carthusian Pink Roadsides Dianthus sternbergii a fringed pink Mangart, in fine flower, Kanin etc. Widespread. Dianthus sylvestris Wood Pink Mangart

Polygonaceae [Oxyria digyna Mountain Sorrel Mangart 2010] Polygonum aviculare Common Knotgrass Recorded Polygonum persicaria Redshank Polygonum viviparum Alpine Bistort Mangart and Kanin Reynoutria japonica Japanese Knotweed Rumex scutatus French Sorrel Scattered records Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel Widespread Rumex alpinus Monk’s Rhubarb Locally common in cattle disturbed areas etc.

Plumbaginaceae Armeria alpina Mountain Thrift Gilberti

Hypericaceae Hypericum montanum Pale St.John’s-wort Loibl Pass Hypericum maculatum Imperforate St. John’s-wort Below Vrsic Pass etc. Hypericum perforatum Common St John’s-wort Scattered records

Tiliaceae Tilia platyphyllos Large-leaved Lime Tilia cordata Small-leaved Lime

Malvaceae [Malva moschata Musk Mallow Roadsides, Austria, 2010]

Droseraceae Drosera rotundifolia Round-leaved Sundew Bog near Bohinj, 1 in bud, others in leaf

Cistaceae Helianthemum nummularium Common Rockrose Scattered [Both sspp. obscurum and grandiflorum] Helianthemum alpestre Alpine Rockrose Scattered at higher altitudes [Helianthemum c. canum Hoary Rockrose Recorded 2008]

Violaceae Viola reichenbachiana Early Dog-violet One still in flower at Loibl Viola riviniana Common Dog-violet In leaf Viola biflora Yellow Wood Violet Mangart, Kanin, Gilberti etc. Locally common.

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Viola tricolor Wild Pansy A few records [Viola kitaibeliana Dwarf Pansy Vogel, but out of range?? 2009]

Salicaceae Salix alba White Willow Salix reticulata Net-leaved Willow Mangart Salix serpyllifolia Thyme-leaved Willow Mangart Salix herbacea Dwarf Willow Mangart Salix retusa Retuse-leaved Willow Mangart and Kanin Salix alpina a willow Scree and rocks at high altitude, e.g. Kanin [Salix myrsinifolia Dark-leaved Willow Noted 2008] Salix mielichhoferi Austrian Willow Scattered records Salix appendiculata an willow Scattered records Salix cinerea Grey Willow Salix caprea Goat Willow Salix waldsteiniana a willow Soca Valley Salix e. elaeagnos a willow River gravels Salix purpurea Purple Osier Widespread Populus tremula Aspen Scattered

Brassicaceae Sisymbrium officinale Hedge Mustard Erysimum sylvestre Wood Treacle Mustard Loibl 2011 Barbarea vulgaris Common Winter-cress Mt.Vogel [Rorippa stylosa a yellow-cress Mt.Vogel 2010] Armoracia rusticana Horse-radish Leaves noted [Cardamine bulbifera Coral-root In fruit, 2010] Cardamine enneaphyllos Drooping Bittercress In fruit at various sites Cardamine trifolia Trefoil Cress In fruit in Bohinj forests Cardamine impatiens Narrow-leaved Bitter-cress Scattered records, e.g. Tarvisio Forest Arabis turrita Tower Cress In fruit 2011 [Arabis vochinensis Compact Rockcress Sella Prevala, 2008] Arabis a. alpina Alpine Rockcress Scattered records Lunaria rediviva Perennial Honesty Loibl and Soca Valley [Alyssum ovirense an alyssum In flower on Hochobir 2010] Draba aizoides Yellow Whitlowgrass Kanin Draba dubia Austrian Whitlowgrass In fruit at Kanin Petrocallis pyrenaica Pyrenean Whitlowgrass Kanin above Bovec Kernera saxatilis Kernera Mangart etc., in fruit Capsella bursa-pastoris Shepherd’s-purse Scattered records Pritzelago alpina Chamois Cress Locally common at higher altitudes [Thlaspi alpestre Alpine Pennycress Kanin 2009] Thlaspi rotundifolium Round-leaved Pennycress Mangart (2009), Kanin, and Gilberti Biscutella laevigata Buckler Mustard Presumably a form of this very variable species with nrather fleshy leaves. Very common.

Resedaceae Reseda lutea Wild Mignonette Scattered records

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Ericaceae Erica carnea Spring Heath Widespread in leaf Calluna vulgaris Heather or Ling Bohinj bog Rhododendron hirsutum Hairy Alpenrose Widespread and common in flower on limestone Rhodothamnus chamaecistus Dwarf Alpenrose In fruit at Sella Prevala [Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Bearberry In leaf, 2008] Vaccinium oxycoccos Cranberry Bog near Bohinj, in leaf Vaccinium vitis-idaea Cowberry In leaf at Mangart Vaccinium myrtillus Bilberry Scattered records Andromeda polifolia Bog Rosemary Common in leaf in bog near Bohinj

Pyrolaceae [Pyrola minor Common Wintergreen In turf at Mangart 2010] [Pyrola media Intermediate Wintergreen In fruit at Sella Nevea, 2009] [Pyrola chlorantha Green Pyrola Recorded 2008] Pyrola rotundifolia Round-leaved Wintergreen Vrsic (2009) and Loibl Pass, over Orthilia secunda Nodding Wintergreen In fruit at Bohinj and Tarvisio Forest Monotropa hypopitys a Yellow Bird’s-nest Bohinj area Monotropa hypophegea a Yellow Bird’s-nest Many at Loibl pass

Primulaceae Primula vulgaris Primrose Leaves at Loibl Pass Primula veris Cowslip In fruit in Soca Valley Primula halleri Long-flowered Primrose In fruit at Mangart [Primula wulfeniana Wulfen’s Primrose Many in seed on Hochobir 2010] Primula auricula Bear’s-ear At various sites, in seed. [Androsace villosa Hochobir 2010] Soldanella pusilla Several by snow patches on Mangart Soldanella minima A few at Gilberti Soldanella alpina Alpine Snowbell By recent snow melt at Mangart, and Gilberti Cyclamen purpurascens Sowbread Widespread e.g. Mangart and Soca Valley Lysimachia vulgaris Yellow Loosestrife Bohinj area and Soca Valley

Crassulaceae [Sempervivum tectorum Common Houseleek 1 plant on Hochobir 2010] Sedum telephium Orpine ssp.maximum near Bohinjska Bistrica Sedum acre Biting Stonecrop Local Sedum sexangulare Tasteless Stonecrop Scattered records Sedum album White Stonecrop Loibl Pass Sedum atratum Dark Stonecrop ssp.atratum and ssp.carinthiacum noted. Rhodiola rosea Roseroot Mangart, Sella Prevala etc.

Saxifragaceae Saxifraga rotundifolia Round-leaved Saxifrage Tarvisio Forest and Loibl Saxifraga stellaris Starry Saxifrage Mangart and Kanin

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Saxifraga cuneifolia Lesser London Pride Occasional in leaf [Saxifraga caesia Blue Saxifrage In fine flower on Hochobir 2010] Saxifraga squarrosa a saxifrage Locally in good flower, e.g. Mangart Saxifraga burseriana One-flowered Cushion Saxifrage Gone over on Hochobir (2010) and at Mangart Saxifraga oppositifolia Purple Saxifrage Over on Mangart Saxifraga crustata Encrusted Saxifrage Locally common in fine flower, e.g. Kanin and Mangart Saxifraga paniculata Livelong Saxifrage Widespread Saxifraga aizoides Yellow Mountain Saxifrage Widespread and common, in flower Saxifraga androsacea Scree Saxifrage Local at Mangart Saxifraga sedoides Eastern Saxifrage Mangart and Kanin [Saxifraga hohenwartii a saxifrage Sella Prevala, 2008] Saxifraga tenella Awl-leaved Saxifrage Mangart Parnassia palustris Grass-of-Parnassus Locally numerous, e.g. Bohinj area, Loibl Pass, and Mangart Ribes alpinum Mountain Currant In fruit near Bohinj

Rosaceae Aruncus dioicus Goatsbeard Spiraea Scattered records Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet Widespread Rubus fruticosus Bramble Rubus saxatilis Rock Bramble Noted in fruit Rubus idaeus Raspberry Scattered records Rosa glauca Glaucous Dog Rose Scattered records Rosa pendulina Alpine Rose Scattered records Agrimonia eupatoria Agrimony Bohinj Sanguisorba officinalis Great Burnet Soca Valley Sanguisorba minor Salad Burnet Scattered records Dryas octopetala Mountain Avens Widespread, e.g. Mangart, Sella Prevala, Bohinj area Geum montanum Mountain Avens Mangart Geum rivale Water Avens Geum urbanum Herb Bennet Skocjan Caves [Waldsteinia ternata Waldsteinia Noted in leaf, 2008] Potentilla palustris Marsh Cinquefoil Bog near Bohinj in leaf Potentilla brauneana Dwarf Cinquefoil Kanin in leaf Potentilla crantzii Alpine Cinquefoil Mangart and Kanin Potentilla erecta Tormentil Scattered records Potentilla caulescens Lax Potentilla Rocks below Loibl Pass, Soca Valley etc. Potentilla clusiana Eastern Cinquefoil On rocks high on Hochobir (2010), in fine flower, in bud at Loibl Potentilla nitida Pink Cinquefoil In superb flower at higher altitude Fragaria vesca Wild Strawberry Shade at mid-levels Alchemilla conjuncta Silver Lady’s Mantle Mangart Alchemilla hybrida a lady’s mantle Mangart Alchemilla xanthochlora Intermediate Lady’s Mantle Alchemilla glabra Smooth Lady’s Mantle [Alchemilla fissa a lady’s mantle Mangart 2010] Sorbus aucuparia Mountain Ash Widespread

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Sorbus chamaemespilus Dwarf Medlar Vogel, Kanin, and Vrsic Sorbus aria Whitebeam Kanin, Loibl etc. Amelanchier ovalis Snowy Mespilus In fruit Prunus spinosa Blackthorn Scattered records Prunus avium Wild Cherry Widespread

Fabaceae Laburnum alpinum Alpine Laburnum Widespread Chamaecytisus purpureus Scarlet Dwarf Broom In leaf in Soca Valley 2011 Chamaecytisus supinus a hairy broom Tarvisio Forest Genista radiata Twiggy Broom Locally common at mid levels on Mangart Robinia pseudacacia False Acacia Widely naturalised, very common Astragalus cicer Wild Lentil Loibl [Astragalus australis Southern Milk-vetch Mangart 2009] Astragalus glycyphyllos Wild Liquorice Loibl Oxytropis jacquinii Mountain Milk-Vetch Sella Prevala, common on Mangart Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch Widespread on roadsides Vicia sylvatica Wood Vetch Loibl Pass Vicia oroboides Pale Vetch Loibl Pass, in fruit, 1 in flower, and near Bohinj Lathyrus vernus Spring Pea Loibl Pass, in fruit, and near Bohinj Lathyrus niger Black Pea Soca Valley 2011 Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling Scattered records Lathyrus sylvestris Narrow-leaved Everlasting Pea Recorded Ononis spinosa Spiny Restharrow Scattered records, e.g Predil Melilotus altissimus Tall Melilot Loibl Pass Melilotus alba White Melilot Verges, locally common Medicago lupulina Black Medick Scattered records Medicago sativa Lucerne Verges Medicago falcata Sickle Medick Skocjan Caves and near Bohinj Trifolium repens White Clover Common Trifolium thalii Thale Cress Scattered records [Trifolium badium Brown Clover Noted in Italy 2010] Trifolium pratense Red Clover Widespread. ssp.nivale at higher altitudes. Trifolium noricum Cream Clover Sella Prevala Trifolium medium Zigzag Clover Scattered records Trifolium rubens Long-spiked Trefoil Loibl Lotus corniculatus Common Bird’s-foot-trefoil Widespread in grassland Lotus alpinus Alpine Bird’s-foot-trefoil Widespread above 2000m Anthyllis vulneraria Kidney-vetch Widespread. sspp.polyphylla, carpatica and alpestris Coronilla varia Crown Vetch Local in fruit Hippocrepis comosa Horseshoe Vetch Mangart Hedysarum h. hedysaroides Alpine Sainfoin Mangart Onobrychis viciifolia Sainfoin Local

Lythraceae Lythrum salicaria Purple Loosestrife Roadsides lower down

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Thymelaceae Daphne mezereum Mezereon Scattered records, in fruit Daphne laureola Spurge-laurel In leaf and fruit Daphne alpina Alpine Spurge In leaf, e.g. Mangart [Daphne striata a garland flower Sella Prevala 2010]

Onagraceae Oenothera sp. Evening Primrose Roadsides Epilobium angustifolium Rosebay Willowherb Locally common Epilobium dodonaei a willowherb Vrsic area Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb Roadsides at lower altitudes [Epilobium parviflorum Hoary Willowherb Picnic site on final day 2009] Epilobium montanum Broad-leaved Willowherb Scattered records Epilobium palustre Marsh Willowherb Bog near Bohinj

Santalaceae Thesium pyrenaicum Pyrenean Bastard Toadflax Vogel Thesium bavarum Bavarian Bastard Toadflax A few records Thesium alpinum Alpine Bastard Toadflax Soca Valley etc.

Celastraceae Euonymus europaeus Spindle

Euphorbiaceae Mercurialis perennis Dog’s Mercury Woods Euphorbia nicaeensis Nice Spurge This species at Skocjan Caves? Euphorbia triflora ssp.kerneri a spurge Outside the botanic garden Euphorbia cyparissias Cypress Spurge Scattered records Euphorbia amygdaloides Wood Spurge Tarvisio Forest etc.

Rhamnaceae [Rhamnus saxatilis Rock Buckthorn Soca Valley 2010] Rhamnus pumila Dwarf Buckthorn Loibl Pass Frangula alnus Alder Buckthorn Bovec

Linaceae Linum alpinum Mountain Flax Abundant at Gilberti Linum viscosum Sticky Flax Loibl Pass Linum catharticum Purging Flax Scattered records

Polygalaceae Polygala nicaeensis Nice Milkwort ssp. carniolica, near Bohinj [Polygala comosa Sella Prevala, 2008] Polygala alpestris Mountain Milkwort Gilberti Polygala amarella Dingy Milkwort Bohinj area

Staphyleaceae Staphylea pinnata Bladdernut Lower Soca Valley (PC)

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Hippocastanaceae Aesculus hippocastanum Horse Chestnut Soca Valley

Aceraceae Acer platanoides Norway Maple Acer campestre Field Maple Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore Acer monspessulanum Montpellier Maple Skocjan Caves 2011

Oxalidaceae Oxalis acetosella Wood Sorrel Noted in leaf

Geraniaceae Geranium macrorrhizum Rock Cranesbill Soca Valley 2011 Geranium pratense Meadow Cranesbill Locally common in meadows Geranium sylvaticum Wood Cranesbill Kanin, Mangart, etc. Geranium phaeum Dusky Cranesbill Loibl and Soca Valley Geranium robertianum Herb Robert Scattered records

Balsaminaceae [Impatiens noli-tangere Touch-me-not Picnic site on the final day 2009] Impatiens parviflora Small Balsam Bohinj and Bovec Impatiens glandulifera Indian Balsam Scattered at lower altitudes

Araliaceae Hedera helix Ivy

Apiaceae Sanicula europaea Sanicle Woods at Bohinj Hacquetia epipactis Dwarf Masterwort Loibl Pass, rather common Astrantia major Great Masterwort Locally common, as at Loibl Pass and Predil Astrantia bavarica Bavarian Masterwort Scattered records, locally common Astrantia carniolica a masterwort Locally common Eryngium amethystinum Blue Eryngo Skocjan Caves 2011 Chaerophyllum aureum Golden Chervil Near Bohinjska Bistrica Chaerophyllum temulum Rough Chervil Scattered records Myrrhis odorata Sweet Cicely Scattered records, e.g. Predil and numerous at Loibl Molopospermum peloponnesiacum Molopospermum From the Kanin cable car, more or less over Pimpinella major Great Burnet-saxifrage Meadows and forest edge Pimpinella saxifraga Burnet-saxifrage Widespread Pimpinella alpina a burnet-saxifrage Loibl Pass Aegopodium podagraria Ground-elder Rough meadow and forest edges [Seseli libanotis Moon Carrot Noted on the final day 2009] Athamanta turbith a candy carrot Skocjan Caves Grafia golaka Grafia One at Loibl Pass

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Foeniculum vulgare Fennel Skocjan Caves [Meum athamanticum Spignel Hochobir 2010] Trinia glauca Honewort Higher altitudes Ligusticum mutellinoides Unbranched Lovage Higher altitudes Ligusticum mutellina Alpine Spicknel Scattered records Angelica sylvestris Wild Angelica Some fine examples at Loibl Pass etc. Peucedanum venetum Southern Masterwort Loibl Pass Peucedanum austriacum a masterwort Loibl Pass Peucedanum oreoselinum Mountain Parsley Near Bohinjska Bistrica Peucedanum ostruthium Masterwort Scattered records Peucedanum verticillare a masterwort Widespread in small numbers Pastinaca sativa Parsnip Roadsides, locally very common Heracleum austriacum Austrian Hogweed This very attractive small pink-flowered species ssp.siifolium was on Vogel above Bohinj Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed Widespread. sspp. sphondylium, pyrenaicum, and elegans Laserpitium siler a sermountain Locally common at Loibl Pass Laserpitium latifolium Broad-leaved Sermountain Frequent on Loibl Pass, scattered elsewhere Laserpitium peucedanoides a sermountain Scattered records, e.g. Sella Prevala and Mangart [Orlaya grandiflora Orlaya Austria, 2008] Daucus carota Wild Carrot Widespread and locally very common

Gentianaceae Gentiana lutea Yellow Gentian ssp.symphyandra on Kanin slopes and Gilberti [Gentiana pannonica Danube Gentian Several in flower on Hochobir 2010] Gentiana asclepiadea Willow Gentian In leaf or bud at several sites. In flower below Vrsic. [Gentiana froelichii Karawanken Gentian Many gone over on Hochobir 2010 (1 plant in fine flower there in July 2009)] Gentiana cruciata Cross Gentian In flower near Bohinj Gentiana clusii Clusius’s Gentian Gone over on Mangart and Sella Nevea Gentiana verna Spring Gentian Mangart, a few, and Gilberti [Gentiana orbicularis a gentian Several in good flower on Kanin and Sella Prevala 2009] Gentiana pumila a gentian Good numbers in fine flower at Mangart, and Gilberti [Gentiana terglouensis Triglav Gentian A few in good flower at Mangart 2009] Gentiana nivalis Snow Gentian 1 at Mangart Gentiana utriculosa Bladder Gentian Several on Mangart and Predil [Gentiana tenella Slender Gentian A few at Mangart, 2008] Gentianella germanica Chiltern Gentian Several near Bohinj

Apocynaceae Vinca minor Lesser Periwinkle Noted in leaf

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Asclepiadaceae Vincetoxicum hirundinaria Swallow-wort Bovec area

Solanaceae [Atropa belladonna Deadly Nightshade Loibl 2010]

Convolvulaceae Cuscuta europaea Greater Dodder Tarvisio Forest Cuscuta epithymum Dodder Near Bohinj Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed Convolvulus arvensis Field Bindweed

Boraginaceae [Cerinthe minor Lesser Honeywort Loibl Pass 2010] Echium vulgare Viper’s Bugloss Widespread Pulmonaria stiriaca a Lungwort In leaf at Loibl Pass and near Bohinj Symphytum officinale Common Comfrey Tarvisio Forest etc. Myosotis alpestris Alpine Wood Forget-me-not Locally numerous at higher altitudes

Verbenaceae Verbena officinalis Vervain Bovec

Lamiaceae [Ajuga genevensis Blue Bugle Noted on the final day 2010] Ajuga pyramidalis Pyramidal Bugle Bohinj Teucrium chamaedrys Wall Germander Scattered records [Teucrium montanum Mountain Germander Soca Valley 2009] Galeopsis ladanum Broad-leaved Hemp-nettle Bovec and Tarvisio Forest Galeopsis speciosa Large-flowered Hemp-nettle Scattered records, e.g. Tarvisio Forest and Loibl Galeopsis pubescens Downy Hemp-nettle Recorded Lamium orvala Balm-leaved Archangel In fruit at Loibl Pass, 1 in flower Lamium maculatum Spotted Dead-nettle Scattered records Lamium galeobdolon Yellow Archangel Scattered records, e.g. Gilberti Stachys alopecuros Yellow Betony Widespread Stachys officinalis Betony Bohinj area Stachys alpina Limestone Woundwort Loibl Pass Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort Loibl Pass Stachys recta Perennial Yellow Woundwort Scattered records Prunella grandiflora Large Self-heal Mangart and Bohinj etc. Prunella vulgaris Self-heal Widespread Acinos alpinus Alpine Calamint Locally common, e.g. Mangart Calamintha nepeta Lesser Calamint Loibl Pass Clinopodium vulgare Wild Basil Scattered records, e.g. Tarvisio Forest Origanum vulgare Wild Marjoram Scattered records, e.g. Tarvisio Forest Thymus praecox Hairy Thyme Widespread, ssp.polytrichus Thymus pulegioides Large Thyme Widespread, sspp.pulegioides and carniolicus Mentha longifolia Horse Mint Widespread

Salvia glutinosa Sticky Sage Loibl Pass etc. Salvia pratensis Meadow Clary Scattered records

Plantaginaceae Plantago major Great Plantain Plantago media Hoary Plantain

Buddlejaceae Buddleja davidii Buddleia Occasionally naturalised

Oleaceae Fraxinus excelsior Ash

Scrophulariaceae Verbascum nigrum Dark Mullein Widespread Verbascum spp. mulleins others unidentified Scrophularia scopolii a figwort Loibl Pass, Bohinj area, etc. Scrophularia canina French Figwort Scattered records Chaenorrhinum minus Small Toadflax Bovec Linaria vulgaris Common Toadflax Loibl Linaria alpina Alpine Toadflax Sella Prevala, Kanin, etc. Digitalis grandiflora Large Yellow Foxglove Locally common, e.g. near Bohinj Digitalis laevigata a foxglove Several of this fine species at Skocjan Caves 2011 Veronica alpina Alpine Speedwell Mangart Veronica fruticans Rock Speedwell Mangart Veronica urticifolia Nettle-leaved Speedwell Widespread and common Veronica aphylla Leafless-stemmed Speedwell Mangart and Kanin Veronica officinalis Heath Speedwell Bohinj area Veronica chamaedrys Bird’s-eye Speedwell Scattered records Veronica montana Wood Speedwell Loibl (Austrian side) Paederota bonarota Blue Paedarota One site at Mangart Paederota lutea Yellow Paederota Locally very common on limestone boulders, as at Sella Prevala Melampyrum nemorosum Blue Cow-wheat Skocjan Caves 2011 Melampyrum sylvaticum Wood Cow-wheat Widespread [Melampyrum pratense Common Cow-wheat Near Bohinj on the final day 2010] Euphrasia minima an eyebight This species numerous at Mangart? Euphrasia spp. eyebrights Various species common at several sites. Following Flora Alpina, 9 species occur in the region. Bartsia alpina Alpine Bartsia Sella Prevala, Mangart, etc. [Pedicularis rosea Pink Lousewort Sella Prevala 2010] Pedicularis verticillata Verticillate Lousewort Mangart and Kanin [Pedicularis julica a lousewort In fruit on Vogel 2010] Pedicularis rostratocapitata Beaked Lousewort Mangart, Kanin, and Hochobir (2010) Rhinanthus minor Yellow Rattle Widespread Rhinanthus glacialis Aristate Yellow-rattle Gilberti Rhinanthus freynii? a yellow-rattle Possibly present too Rhinanthus alectorolophus Greater Yellow-rattle Scattered records

Globulariaceae Globularia cordifolia Matted Globularia Mangart, Kanin, and Gilberti, mostly over

Orobanchaceae Orobanche hederae Ivy Broomrape Skocjan Caves 2011 Orobanche caryophyllacea Bedstraw Broomrape Bohinj area Orobanche laserpitii-sileris a broomrape A few parasitic on Laserpitium siler or L.latifolium below Loibl Pass Orobanche flava Yellow Broomrape Only a few this year on Tussilago farfara at Loibl Orobanche gracilis Slender Broomrape Predil Pass Orobanche salviae Salvia Broomrape One fine example on Salvia glutinosa at Loibl 2010 and 2011

Lentibulariaceae Pinguicula alpina Alpine Butterwort In leaf at Mangart and Loibl

Campanulaceae Campanula zoysii Crimped Bellflower Some fine examples of this very special endemic at Mangart, Vogel, and Loibl Pass Campanula patula Spreading Bellflower Sella Nevea [Campanula rapunculus Rampion Bellflower Bohinj 2010] Campanula glomerata Clustered Bellflower Scattered records Campanula spicata Spiked Bellflower Roadsides lower down Campanula thyrsoides Yellow Bellflower Vrsic and Loibl Pass. Both sspp. thyrsoides and carniolica seen. Campanula trachelium Nettle-leaved Bellflower Widespread and common Campanula rapunculoides Creeping Bellflower Scattered records Campanula bononiensis a bellflower Skocjan Caves 2011 Campanula carnica Flax-leaved Bellflower Recorded? Campanula witasekiana Paniculate Bellflower Mangart etc. Campanula cochlearifolia Fairy’s Thimble Widespread and locally common Campanula cespitosa Tufted Harebell Loibl Pass Campanula scheuchzeri a harebell Mangart Campanula rotundifolia Harebell Scattered records [Phyteuma ovatum Dark Rampion Vogel 2010] Phyteuma spicatum Spiked Rampion Gone over in Bohinj area Phyteuma sieberi a rampion Mangart and Gilberti Phyteuma scheuchzeri Horned Rampion Mangart and Gilberti ssp.columnae

Rubiaceae Asperula aristata a woodruff Mangart, and Bohinj area Asperula cynanchica Squinancywort Loibl Pass Galium boreale Northern Bedstraw Loibl 2011 Galium palustre Common Marsh Bedstraw Bog near Bohinj

Galium verum Lady’s Bedstraw Verges etc. Galium mollugo Hedge Bedstraw Scattered records Galium laevigatum a bedstraw Loibl Galium pumilum Slender Bedstraw Mangart Galium anisophyllon a bedstraw Widespread Galium margaritaceum a bedstraw Probably this species at Sella Prevala Galium spp. bedstraws Other species not identified Cruciata glabra a crosswort Near Bohinj

Caprifoliaceae Sambucus ebulus Dwarf Elder Roadsides lower down and Bohinj meadows Sambucus nigra Common Elder Scrubby verges and margins Sambucus racemosa Red-berried Elder Widespread, e.g. Sella Nevea Viburnum opulus Guelder Rose Bohinj area Lonicera alpigena Alpine Honeysuckle In fruit at Loibl Pass Lonicera nigra Black Honeysuckle In fruit at Loibl Pass and Tarvisio Forest [Lonicera caerulea Blue-berried Honeysuckle Vrsic 2010] Lonicera xylosteum Fly Honeysuckle Scattered in fruit

Valerianaceae Valeriana officinalis Common Valerian Loibl Pass [Valeriana wallrothii a valerian Italy 2010] Valeriana dioica Marsh Valerian In fruit at Bohinj bog Valeriana tripteris Three-leaved Valerian Sella Prevala Valeriana montana Mountain Valerian Scattered records Valeriana saxatilis Rock Valerian Limestone boulders on Sella Prevala, Mangart, etc. Valeriana elongata Elongated Valerian Mangart Valeriana supina Dwarf Valerian Kanin

Dipsacaceae Dipsacus fullonum Teasel Roadsides Dipsacus laciniatus Cut-leaved Teasel Near Kranj 2011 Knautia drymeia a scabious Scattered records Knautia longifolia a scabious Gilberti Knautia arvensis Field Scabious Widespread Scabiosa triandra a scabious Scattered records Scabiosa columbaria Small Scabious Italy

Asteraceae Eupatorium cannabinum Hemp-agrimony Scattered Solidago virgaurea Goldrenrod Scattered Solidago canadensis Canadian Goldenrod Roadsides Bellis perennis Daisy Vrsic Pass Aster alpinus Alpine Aster Mangart Aster bellidiastrum False Aster Kanin and Mangart etc. Erigeron annuus Annual Fleabane Roadsides Erigeron alpinus Alpine Fleabane Scattered records, e.g. Mangart Erigeron glabratus Variable Fleabane Scattered records, e.g. Loibl

[Erigeron uniflorus Arctic Fleabane Hochobir 2010] Antennaria carpatica Carpathian Cat’s-foot Mangart Leontopodium alpinum Edelweiss Limestone boulders at Mangart, and Kanin Inula salicina Irish Fleabane Scattered records, e.g. Loibl Bupthalmum salicifolium Yellow Ox-eye Widespread and very common Telekia speciosa Yellow Ox-eye(!) Forest at Bohinj, and in Austria (2010) [Rudbeckia hirta Black-eyed Susan Noted on the final day 2009] Rudbeckia laciniata Coneflower Soca Valley Galinsoga ciliata Shaggy Soldier A few records Achillea atrata Black Milfoil Mangart and Kanin Achillea clavenae Silvery Milfoil Locally very common, as at Mangart Achillea millefolium Yarrow Widespread Matricaria discoidea Pineapple Weed Leucanthemum vulgare Ox-eye Daisy Widespread Artemisia vulgaris Mugwort Roadsides Artemisia verlotiorum Chinese Mugwort Bohinj Tussilago farfara Colt’s-foot Widespread in leaf Petasites hybridus Butterbur In leaf Petasites paradoxus Alpine Butterbur In leaf Homogyne alpina Alpine Coltsfoot Scattered records Homogyne discolor an alpine coltsfoot Mangart Adenostyles alliariae Adenostyles Scattered records Adenostyles alpina an adenostyles Scattered records [Doronicum austriacum Austrian Leopard’s-bane Tarvisio Forest 2010] Doronicum g. glaciale a leopard’s-bane Mangart and Kanin Senecio ovatus Wood Ragwort Locally very common [Senecio cacaliaster a ragwort Vogel] Senecio rupestris Oxford Ragwort Scattered records, e.g. Hochobir Senecio abrotanifolius Pinnate-leaved Ragwort Locally common, e.g. Mangart Senecio vulgaris Groundsel [Tephroseris crispa/pseudocrispa a ragwort Sella Prevala 2008] [Tephroseris longifolia a ragwort Hochobir 2010] Carlina biebersteinii a carline thistle Loibl Pass Carlina acaulis Stemless Carline Thistle Both nominate and ssp.caulescens recorded Arctium tomentosum Cotton Burdock Predil Pass Arctium lappa Greater Burdock Arctium minus Lesser Burdock Saussurea pygmaea Dwarf Saussurea A few at Mangart Carduus p. personata Great Marsh Thistle Loibl Pass Carduus defloratus Alpine Thistle Widespread. Represented by sspp. defloratus, glaucus, and crassifolius. Cirsium eriophorum Woolly-headed Thistle Local, e.g. near Bohinj Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle Cirsium eristhales Yellow Melancholy Thistle Widespread Cirsium carniolicum Carnic Thistle Scattered records, e.g. Tarvisio Forest Cirsium oleraceum Cabbage Thistle Soca Valley, Bohinj Cirsium spinosissimum Spiniest Thistle Kanin and Mangart Cirsium palustre Marsh Thistle Scattered records, e.g. bog near Bohinj Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle Scattered records

Stemmacantha rhapontica Giant Knapweed Seen in flower from the Kanin cable car 2010 and 2011, a scarce species. [Centaurea dichroantha South-eastern Knapweed Soca Valley 2009, verges cut 2010] [Centaurea rupestris Rock Knapweed Apparently this species in the Soca Valley] too? 2009] Centaurea scabiosa Greater Knapweed Common Centaurea jacea Brown Knapweed Loibl Centaurea nigrescens Black-rayed Knapweed Scattered records [Centaurea nervosa Plume Knapweed Local, 2008] [Centaurea montana Perennial Cornflower Hochobir 2010] Cichorium intybus Chicory Verges lower down Aposeris foetida Aposeris Widespread woodland floor species, mostly in leaf Hypochaeris radicata Cat’s-ear Scattered records Leontodon helveticus Swiss Hawkbit Mangart etc. [Leontodon montanus Mountain Hawkbit Sella Prevala 2008] Picris hieracioides Hawkweed Oxtongue Tragopogon pratensis Goat’s-beard ssp.orientalis Sonchus asper Prickly Sowthistle [Cicerbita alpina Alpine Sow-thistle Hochobir 2008] Prenathes purpurea Purple Rattlesnake-root Scattered records Mycelis muralis Wall Lettuce Widespread Taraxacum alpinum Alpine Dandelion Mangart Taraxacum officinale Dandelion Lapsana communis Nipplewort Crepis paludosa Marsh Hawk’s-beard Scattered records Crepis aurea Golden Hawk’s-beard Locally common, e.g. Mangart Hieracium villosum Shaggy Hawkweed Scattered records, e.g. Mangart Hieracium porrifolium a hawkweed Soca Valley, Vrsic area and Loibl Pass

D. ANGIOSPERMS - MONOCOTYLEDONES

Scheuchzeriaceae Scheuchzeria palustris Rannoch Rush Bog near Bohinj, not noted 2011!

Juncaceae Juncus jacquinii a rush Mangart and Kanin Juncus trifidus Three-leaved Rush Mangart Juncus monanthos a rush Mangart Juncus compressus Round-fruited Rush Loibl Luzula sudetica a wood-rush Mangart etc. Luzula nivea Snow-white Wood-rush Scattered records Luzula luzuloides White Wood-rush Widespread Luzula alpinopilosa a wood-rush Widespread Luzula pilosa Hairy Wood-rush Scattered records

Cyperaceae Trichophorum alpinum Cotton Deer-grass Bog near Bohinj Blysmus compressus Flat-sedge Near Bohinj Eriophorum angustifolium Common Cotton-grass Bog near Bohinj

Rhynchospora alba White Beak-sedge Bog near Bohinj Carex leporina Oval Sedge Bog near Bohinj Carex echinata Star Sedge Carex davalliana Davall’s Sedge Carex rostrata Bottle Sedge Bog near Bohinj Carex sylvatica Wood Sedge Loibl Carex flacca Glaucous Sedge Carex panicea Carnation Sedge Carex flava s.s Great Yellow-sedge Bog near Bohinj and Tarvisio Forest Carex pallescens Pale Sedge Carex ornithopoda Bird’s-foot Sedge Scattered records Carex ornithopodioides a bird’s-foot sedge Carex alba White-flowered Sedge Locally common Carex sempervirens Evergreen Sedge Widespread Carex ferruginea a sedge Widespread Carex atrata Jet Sedge Scattered records, e.g. Mangart Carex nigra Common Sedge Widespread, e.g. bog near Bohinj Carex capillaris Hair Sedge Mangart Carex limosa Bog Sedge Bog near Bohinj Carex rupestris Rock Sedge Mangart Carex pauciflora Few-flowered Sedge Bog near Bohinj

Poaceae Festuca spp. fescues Several species not identified Lolium perenne Perennial Rye-grass Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass Poa nemoralis Wood Meadow-grass Poa bulbosa Bulbous Meadow-grass Poa pumila a meadow-grass Poa alpina Alpine Meadow-grass Dactylis glomerata Cock’s-foot Briza media Quaking-grass Sesleria caerulea Blue Moor Grass Melica nutans Mountain Melick Melica uniflora Wood Melick Bromus diandrus Great Brome Bromus inermis Hungarian Brome Brachypodium sylvaticum Wood False-brome Brachypodium rupestre a tor-grass Elymus caninus Bearded Couch Elymus repens Common Couch Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass Koeleria sp. hair-grass sp. Trisetum flavescens Yellow Oat-grass Deschampsia cespitosa Tufted Hair-grass Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass Anthoxanthum alpinum a sweet vernal-grass Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent-grass Agostis alpina Alpine Bent-grass

Calamagrostis epigejos Wood Small-reed Calamagrostis varia a small-reed Phleum pratense Timothy Phleum rhaeticum a timothy Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail Phragmites australis Common Reed Molinia caerulea Purple Moor-grass Molinia arundinacea a purple moor-grass Nardus stricta Mat-grass Setaria sp. bristle-grass sp.

Typhaceae Typha latifolia Bulrush

Liliaceae Tofieldia calyculata Tofield’s Asphodel Mangart, Gilberti, and Loibl Pass Veratrum nigrum Black False-helleborine In seed at bog near Bohinj, not noted 2011 Veratrum album White False-helleborine Widespread Anthericum ramosum a st.bernard’s lily Noted at several sites Lilium martagon Martagon Lily A few still in flower Lilium bulbiferum Orange Lily 1 still in flower at Predil Pass Lilium carniolicum Carniola Lily A few in fruit at the Loibl Pass. Some 25 in superb flower at another site in 2011. [Allium kermesinum 1 at Mangart, 2008] Allium victorialis Alpine Leek A few at Mangart Allium carinatum Keeled Garlic Rather common in the Soca Valley and elsewhere Allium vineale Crow Garlic In bud at Loibl Convallaria majalis Lily-of-the-valley In fruit Maianthemum bifolium May-lily In fruit Polygonatum verticillatum Whorled Solomon’s Seal Scattered, in fruit Polygonatum multiflorum Solomon’s Seal In fruit Polygonatum odoratum Angular Solomon’s Seal Soca Valley, in fruit Paris quadrifolia Herb Paris Scattered records

Iridaceae Iris pallida ssp.cengialti an iris This species in leaf at Skocjan Caves? Crocus albiflorus a crocus Presumably this species in fruit at Mangart

Orchidaceae Cypripedium calceolus Lady’s Slipper Orchid Some 15 in seed at Loibl Pass Epipactis helleborine Broad-leaved Helleborine Widespread and reasonably common Epipactis atrorubens Dark Red Helleborine Rather common Cephalanthera rubra Red Helleborine In fine flower in Soca Valley and Tarvisio Forest Neottia nidus-avis Bird’s-nest Orchid In seed at several woodland sites [Listera ovata Twayblade Scattered records 2010]

Chamorchis alpina False Orchid Rather common on Hochobir )2010. Several fine examples at Mangart. Gymnadenia conopsea Fragrant Orchid Widespread [Pseudorchis albida Small White Orchid A few on Hochobir 2010] Nigritella rhellicani Black Vanilla Orchid A few at Mangart Nigritella rubra a vanilla orchid 2 at Mangart [Nigritella bicolor a vanilla orchid One at Sella Prevala 2010, the same individual seen in 2009. A recently described species.] Coeloglossum viride Frog Orchid A few small examples at Mangart Dactylorhiza majalis Broad-leaved Marsh Orchid Bog near Bohinj, in seed Dactylorhiza fuchsii Common Spotted Orchid Widespread [Corallorhiza trifida Coralroot Orchid In seed, 2010] [Malaxis monophyllos One-leaved Bog Orchid 2 below Vrsic Pass, picnic site, 2009]

Systematic List Number 2 Butterflies

The taxonomic nomenclature and the systematic order have been taken from Tolman and Lewington’s Butterflies of Britain and Europe published by HarperCollins (1997).

Papilionidae Swallowtail Papilio machaon 1 in Soca Valley, and a larva on Seseli in Juliana botanic garden Scarce Swallowtail Iphiclides podalirius Seen by PGC on the arrival day Apollo Parnassias apollo Noted on one day 2009

Pieridae Large White Pieris brassicae Only on one day! 2009. Small White Artogeia rapae Scattered records. Not 2011. Green-veined White Artogeia napi Scattered records Mountain Green-veined White Artogeia bryoniae Gilberti area Mountain Clouded Yellow Colias phicomone 1 at Gilberti 2011 Clouded Yellow Colias crocea Vogel 2010 Brimstone Gonepeteryx rhamni 2 at Bovec Wood White Leptidea sinapis Scattered records

Lycaenidae Blue-spot Hairstreak Satyrium spini A few at Loibl Pass 2009 Purple-shot Copper Lycaena alciphron 2 in Soca Valley 2011 Little Blue Cupido minimus 2 at Gilberti 2011 Silver-studded Blue Plebejus argus Soca Valley and Skocjan Caves. Brown Argus Aricia agestis 1 at Skocjan caves 2011. Mountain Argus Aricia artaxerxes 1 at Gilberti 2011. Alpine Blue Albulina orbitulus A male at Mangart 2010. Mazarine Blue Cyaniris semiargus Mangart and transfer day 2010. Chalk-hill Blue Lysandra coridon Several in Soca Valley etc. Adonis Blue Lysandra bellargus 1 seen by PGC on departure day 2011. Common Blue Polyommatus icarus Bovec

Riodinidae Duke-of-Burgundy Fritillary Hamearis lucina 1 along Mangart road 2009

Nymphalidae Purple Emperor Apatura iris A fine male in the Juliana Botanic Garden 2009. 2010 on one day. 2011, 1 from the Kanin cable car. White Admiral Limenitis camilla 1 in Soca Valley Hungarian Glider Neptis rivularis 1 below Sella Nevea 2009 Large Tortoiseshell Nymphalis polychloros 1 in fine condition at the Predil Pass 2009 Camberwell Beauty Nymphalis antiopa 1 at Vrsic lunch cafe 2010 Peacock Inachis io Noted on 3 days 2009 Red Admiral Vanessa atalanta Seen on one day 2010 Painted Lady Vanessa cardui Widespread and very common in 2009, whereas only 1 noted in 2008! 2010 very few seen. 2011 none seen.

Small Tortoiseshell Aglais urticae Only Gilberti. Comma Polygonia c-album Seen on 4 days 2010 Silver-washed Fritillary Argynnis paphia Scattered records. Several at Bovec. Form valezina in Tarvisio Forest. Dark Green Fritillary Argynnis aglaja Tarvisio Forest High Brown Fritillary Argynnis adippe Tarvisio Forest and Bohinj Niobe Fritillary Argynnis niobe 1 at Zadnija, 2008 Marbled Fritillary Brenthis daphne Bohinj 2010 Lesser Marbled Fritillary Brenthis ino 1 in Tarvisio Forest 2009 Spotted Fritillary Melitaea didyma Tarvisio Forest False Heath Fritillary Melitaea diamina Bog near Bohinj 2010 Heath Fritillary Mellicta athalia Tarvisio Forest and Skocjan Caves

Satyridae Marbled White Melanargia galathea Widespread in small numbers Hermit Chazara briseis Probably this species at Skocjan Caves Dryad Minois dryas Skocjan Caves Arran Brown Erebia ligea Widespread and locally abundant Large Ringlet Erebia euryale Locally common Yellow-spotted Ringlet Erebia manto Kanin 2010 Blind Ringlet Erebia pharte Mangart and Vogel 2009 Scotch Argus Erebia aethiops Soca Valley Silky Ringlet Erebia gorge Mangart 2009 Lorkovic’s Brassy Ringlet Erebia calcaria 1 at Loibl Pass 2009 Water Ringlet Erebia pronoe The only butterfly on day 3, Mangart lunch site Styrian Ringlet Erebia stirius One good colony found Stygian Ringlet Erebia styx A few seen, 2008 Dewy Ringlet Erebia pandrose Sella Prevala and Mangart 2010 Meadow Brown Maniola jurtina Scattered records Small Heath Coenonympha pamphilus Soca Valley Pearly Heath Coenonympha arcania Soca Valley Alpine Heath Coenonympha gardetta Mangart and Bovec 2010 Speckled Wood Pararge aegeria Soca Valley 2009 Large Wall Brown Lasiommata maera Scattered records

Hesperidae Large Grizzled Skipper Pyrgus alveus 1 on day 5, 2008 Alpine Grizzled Skipper Pyrgus andromedae 1 at Gilberti Essex Skipper Thymelicus lineola Tarvisio Forest Small Skipper Thymelicus sylvestris Tarvisio Forest Large Skipper Ochlodes venatus Widespread in small numbers

Systematic List Number 3 Birds

The taxonomic nomenclature and systematic order loosely follows both that of Voous (1977) and that found in Lars Jonsson’s Birds of Europe.

Grey Heron Ardea cinerea Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Common Buzzard Buteo buteo Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos (not 2011) Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus Hobby Falco subbuteo (not 2011) Ptarmigan Lagopus mutus (2008) Rock Dove Columba livia Woodpigeon Columba palumbus Collared Dove Streptopelia decaocto Alpine Swift Apus melba Grey-headed Woodpecker Picus canus (2011) Green Woodpecker Picus viridis Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos major Skylark Alauda arvensis Crag Martin Ptyonoprogne rupestris Swallow Hirundo rustica House Martin Delichon urbica Tree Pipit Anthus trivialis Water Pipit Anthus spinoletta Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea White Wagtail Motacilla a. alba Wren Troglodytes troglodytes Dipper Cinclus cinclus Dunnock Prunella modularis Alpine Accentor Prunella collaris Robin Erithacus rubecula Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros Northern Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe Blackbird Turdus merula Song Thrush Turdus philomelos Garden Warbler Sylvia borin Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita Goldcrest Regulus regulus Firecrest Regulus ignicapillus Spotted Flycatcher Muscicapa striata Marsh Tit Parus palustris Willow Tit Parus montanus Coal Tit Parus ater Blue Tit Parus caeruleus Great Tit Parus major Nuthatch Sitta europaea Treecreeper Certhia familiaris (2011) Golden Oriole Oriolus oriolus (not 2011) Red-backed Shrike Lanius collurio

Jay Garrulus glandarius Magpie Pica pica Nutcracker Nucifraga caryocatactes (2008) Alpine Chough Pyrrhocorax graculus Hooded Crow Corvus corone cornix Raven Corvus corax Starling Sturnus vulgaris House Sparrow Passer domesticus Snow Finch Montifringilla nivalis Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs Serin Serinus serinus Greenfinch Carduelis chloris Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis Linnet Carduelis cannabina Common Crossbill Loxia curvirostra Bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula Hawfinch Coccothraustes coccothraustes Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella

Systematic List Number 4 Mammals, Reptiles and Amphibians

Alpine Ibex Capra ibex A total of 7 seen superbly well and watched for a prolonged period at Bila Pec [Chamois Rupicapra rupicapra 1 very close on Hochobir, 2008] Alpine Marmot Marmota marmota Seen at Sella Nevea, and several burrows seen. Red Squirrel Sciurus vulgaris 2 seen well on separate days, 2008. Much feeding evidence. [Snow Vole Microtus nivalis 1 watched for some time on Kanin, 2009] [Mouse sp. 1 seen briefly on Hochobir, 2009] European Hare Lepus europaeus Seen on two days

[Alpine Salamander Salamandra atra 3 on the Slovenian side of the Loibl Pass, 2010] Common Frog Rana temporaria Scattered records Viviparous Lizard Lacerta vivipara Scattered records [Horvath’s Rock Lizard Lacerta horvathi Occasional at higher altitudes, 2008] Common Wall Lizard Podarcis muralis Scattered records [Smooth Snake Coronella austriaca 1 seen well near Bohinj, 2008] [Adder Vipera berus A black individual on the Austrian side of the Loibl Pass, 2009]