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Download Download ASEAS 10(1) 2017 Österreichische Zeitschrift für Südostasienwissenschaften Austrian Journal of South-East Asian Studies FOCUS GENDER, ETHNICITY, AND ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSFORMATIONS ASEAS Österreichische Zeitschrift für Südostasienwissenschaften Austrian Journal of South-East Asian Studies ASEAS Österreichische Zeitschrift für Südostasienwissenschaften Austrian Journal of South-East Asian Studies The Austrian Journal of South-East Asian Studies (ASEAS) is a peer-reviewed and interdisciplinary open access journal and a core project of the Society for South-East Asian Studies (SEAS) in Vienna, Austria. ASEAS is published biannually as an online open access journal. All articles can be downloaded free of charge from the society's website (www.seas.at). The journal’s editors invite both established as well as young scholars to present research results and theoretical discussions, to report about on- going research projects or field studies, to introduce academic institutions and networks, to publish conference reports and other short essays, to conduct interviews with experts on Southeast Asia, or to review relevant literature. Articles have to be written in German or English. As an interdiscipli- nary journal, ASEAS intends to cover a variety of aspects of Southeast Asia (e.g., culture, economics, geography, linguistics, media, politics, society) from both historical as well as contemporary per- spectives. MEDIENINHABERIN & HERAUSGEBERIN / PUBLISHER SEAS – Gesellschaft für Südostasienwissenschaften / Society for South-East Asian Studies ZVR-Zahl 786121796, Liebhartsgasse 11/25, 1160 Wien, Austria GEGENSTAND / PURPOSE Der Verein SEAS bezweckt unter anderem die Förderung der Südostasienwissenschaften und der Bil- dung des wissenschaftlichen Nachwuchses, sowie des Stellenwertes und der Auseinandersetzung mit der Region Südostasien in Österreich und darüber hinaus. OFFENLEGUNG / DISCLOSURE (§ 25MEDG) Der Verein SEAS ist zu 100 Prozent Eigentümer von ASEAS. Die namentlich gekennzeichneten Beiträge enthalten die Absichten der Autor_innen und nicht notwendigerweise jene der Redaktion. REDAKTIONSANSCHRIFT / EDITORIAL ADDRESS Liebhartsgasse 11/25, 1160 Wien, Austria; E-Mail: [email protected] CHEFREDAKTEUR_INNEN / EDITORS-IN-CHIEF Melanie Pichler, Alexander Trupp REDAKTION / EDITORIAL BOARD Claudia Dolezal, Rainer Einzenberger, Simon Gorski, Ralph Guth, Dayana Lengauer, Chiedza Mutsaka Skyum, Melanie Pichler, Michelle Proyer, Daniela Rubelli, Gunnar Stange, Alexander Trupp REDAKTIONELLE UNTERSTÜTZUNG / EDITORIAL SUPPORT Felix Bergmeister, Nat Sattavet WISSENSCHAFTLICHER BEIRAT / ADVISORY BOARD Ramses Amer (Stockholm University, Sweden), Karl Husa (University of Vienna, Austria), Harold R. Kerbo (California Polytechnic State University, USA), Huong Thanh Bui (Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific Uni- versity, Japan), Rüdiger Korff (Passau University, Germany), Prasit Leepreecha (Chiang Mai University, Thailand), Wolfram Schaffar (University of Vienna, Austria), Susanne Schröter (Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, Germany), Martin Slama (Austrian Academy of Sciences, Austria) ISSN: 1999-2521 (Print), ISSN: 1999-253X (Online) UNTERSTÜTZT VON / SUPPORTED BY ASEAS 10(1) 2017 Österreichische Zeitschrift für Südostasienwissenschaften Austrian Journal of South-East Asian Studies FOCUS GENDER, ETHNICITY, AND ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSFORMATIONS ASEAS Österreichische Zeitschrift für Südostasienwissenschaften 10(1), 2017 Austrian Journal of South-East Asian Studies 10(1), 2017 FOCUS GENDER, ETHNICITY, AND ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSFORMATIONS ASEAS 10(1) features a focus on the interplay of gender, ethnicity, and environmental transformations in Indonesia and beyond. The articles share the general assumption that political and economic decisions always have ecological impacts and that societies have always transformed, (re-)produced, manufactured, and crafted nature along multiple lines of differentiation. The special issue brings together an interdisciplinary collection of conflicts, alliances, and strategies regarding natural resources along ethnic and gendered lines. The contributions range from the analysis of the intertwinement of gender and ethnicity in Indonesia’s mining sector, gender-specific environmental transformations among the indigenous Dayak Benuaq in Kalimantan, the impacts of indigenous land titling in a controversial national park case in Sumatra, the contradictions of an indigenous disaster risk management system in the Philippines, or the challenges of transdisciplinary cooperation between farmers and scientists to deal with environmental transformations in Indonesia. The articles highlight that gender, ethnicity, and other categories of differentiation are important in unfolding complex environmental transformations in Indonesia and beyond. Thereby, they also show the challenge of empowering marginalized groups (e.g., indigenous peoples, farmers, and women) without creating new exclusions. KOORDINATORIN DIESER AUSGABE / MANAGING EDITOR Melanie Pichler GASTHERAUSGEBERINNEN / GUEST EDITORS Kristina Großmann, Martina Padmanabhan & Suraya Afiff TITELFOTO / COVER PHOTO Kemal Yufri / Greenpeace: Coal Barge in Indonesia SATZ / LAYOUT Thomas Gimesi Inhalt Contents 1 Gender, Ethnicity, and Environmental Transformations in Indonesia and Beyond Kristina Großmann, Martina Padmanabhan & Suraya Afiff Aktuelle Südostasienforschung Current Research on Southeast Asia 11 Contested Development in Indonesia: Rethinking Ethnicity and Gender in Mining Kristina Großmann, Martina Padmanabhan & Katharina von Braun 29 Men, Women, and Environmental Change in Indonesia: The Gendered Face of Development Among the Dayak Benuaq Michaela Haug 47 Separating Sisters From Brothers: Ethnic Relations and Identity Politics in the Context of Indigenous Land Titling in Indonesia Stefanie Steinebach & Yvonne Kunz 65 Transdisciplinary Responses to Climate Change: Institutionalizing Agrometeorological Learning Through Science Field Shops in Indonesia Yunita Triwardani Winarto, Cornelis Johan (Kees) Stigter & Muki Trenggono Wicaksono Außerhalb des Schwerpunktes Out of Focus 83 “Only if You Really, Really Need It”: Social Rights Consciousness in the Philippines Niklas Reese Forschungswerkstatt Research Workshop 101 Community-Based Disaster Risk Management in the Philippines: Achievements and Challenges of the Purok System Angelina Matthies Im Dialog In Dialogue 109 “I Don’t Want to Limit Myself to Binary Thinking”: An Interview With the Indonesian Artist Arahmaiani Gunnar Stange Rezensionen Book Reviews 117 Rezension: Keller, A. (Hg.). (2015). Indonesien 1965ff. Die Gegenwart eines Massenmordes. Ein politisches Lesebuch. Franziska Blum 121 Book Review: Chandler, D., Cribb, R., & Narangoa, L. (Eds.). (2016). End of Empire. 100 Days in 1945 That Changed Asia and the World. Iris O’Rourke 125 Book Review: Aspinall, E. & Sukmajati, M. (Eds.). (2016). Electoral Dynamics in Indonesia. Money Politics, Patronage and Clientelism at the Grassroots. Gunnar Stange Editorial Gender, Ethnicity, and Environmental Transformations in Indonesia and Beyond Kristina Großmann, Martina Padmanabhan & Suraya Afiff ► Großmann, K., Padmanabhan, M., & Afiff, S. (2017). Gender, ethnicity, and environmental transforma- tions in Indonesia and beyond. Austrian Journal of South-East Asian Studies, 10(1), 1-10. The contributions in this special issue are based on the general assumption that political and economic decisions always have an ecological impact and that soci- eties have always transformed, (re-)produced, manufactured, and crafted nature. Environmental transformations are never socially neutral but are strongly con- nected to power relations (Görg, 2003). The enforcement of power over nature evolves in a dialectical process with the enforcement of power over humans (Pye, 2015). Furthermore, social, cultural, and political power asymmetries shape the production of knowledge, the definition of problems, and the search for solu- tions with regard to socio-ecological phenomena. Both gender and ethnicity are decisive factors in societal relations to nature. Gender constitutes a critical variable in human-nature relationships (Resurreccion & Elmhirst, 2008; Roche- leau, Slayter-Thomas, & Wangar, 1996) as does the category of ethnicity with its strong impact on group formation (Afiff & Lowe, 2007; Bertrand, 2004; Li, 2000). In this special issue we address how both categories interact and enforce each other in contested development processes, focusing on access, control, knowledge production, and identity-formation in struggles over land, nature, and natural resources. INDONESIA’S DEVELOPMENTALIST AND EXTRACTIVIST PARADIGM During the New Order, Suharto’s authoritarian development regime was based on the extraction of the natural resources of the ‘Outer Islands’ for enhancing www.seas.at doi 10.14764/10.ASEAS-2017.1-1 www.seas.at progress of the center (Java) (Haug, Rössler, & Grumblies, 2017). Backed by for- eign investments, the Outer Islands and especially the uplands were constructed as marginal areas and their inhabitants as ‘isolated tribes’ (suku terasing) which should be ‘civilized’ in the name of development and modernization (Li, 1999). Following this aim, since the 1980s, transmigration programs have been en- forced in order to establish the presence of the Javanese ‘center’, to strengthen a national identity, and to relieve population pressure in Java (Elmhirst, 1999). Thousands of families have been resettled from Java to the Outer Islands and endowed with land and assets so as to cultivate the land and ‘civilize
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