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Oral Literature in the Digital Age: Archiving Orality and Connecting with Communities

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Oral Literature in the Digital Age: Archiving Orality and Connecting with Communities To access digital resources including: blog posts videos online appendices and to purchase copies of this book in: hardback paperback ebook editions Go to: https://www.openbookpublishers.com/product/186 Open Book Publishers is a non-profit independent initiative. We rely on sales and donations to continue publishing high-quality academic works. Archiving Orality FINAL.indd 2 5/13/13 10:03 AM World Oral Literature Series: Volume 2 Oral Literature in the Digital Age: Archiving Orality and Connecting with Communities Edited by Mark Turin, Claire Wheeler and Eleanor Wilkinson Archiving Orality FINAL.indd 3 5/13/13 10:03 AM Open Book Publishers CIC Ltd. 40 Devonshire Road, Cambridge, England CB1 2BL http://www.openbookpublishers.com © 2013 Mark Turin, Claire Wheeler and Eleanor Wilkinson (contributors retain copyright of their work). The articles in this book are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This license allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the work; to adapt the work and to make commercial use of the work. The work must be attributed to the respective authors (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). This is the second volume in the World Oral Literature Series, published in association with the World Oral Literature Project. ISSN: 2050-7933 As with all Open Book Publishers titles, digital material and resources associated with this volume are available from our website at: http://www.openbookpublishers.com/isbn/9781909254305 ISBN Hardback: 978-1-909254-31-2 ISBN Paperback: 978-1-909254-30-5 ISBN Digital (PDF): 978-1-909254-32-9 ISBN Digital ebook (epub): 978-1-909254-33-6 ISBN Digital ebook (mobi): 978-1-909254-34-3 DOI: 10.111647/OBP.0032 Cover image: A Pochury woman listens to a recording of her own singing. Kohima (Nagaland), 2005. Photo: Alban von Stockhausen. Typesetting by www.bookgenie.in All paper used by Open Book Publishers is SFI (Sustainable Forestry Initiative), and PEFC (Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification Schemes) Certified. Printed in the United Kingdom and United States by Lightning Source for Open Book Publishers Archiving Orality FINAL.indd 4 5/13/13 10:03 AM Contents Page Editors vii Contributors ix Introduction xiii I. Principles and Methods of Archiving and Conservation 1 1. The Archive Strikes Back: Effects of Online Digital Language Archiving on Research Relations and Property Rights 3 Thomas Widlok 2. Access and Accessibility at ELAR, a Social Networking Archive for Endangered Languages Documentation 21 David Nathan 3. Multiple Audiences and Co-Curation: Linking an Ethnographic Archive of Endangered Oral Traditions to Contemporary Contexts 41 Judith Aston and Paul Matthews II. Engagements and Reflections from the Field 63 4. Researchers as Griots? Reflections on Multimedia Fieldwork in West Africa 65 Daniela Merolla and Felix Ameka, in collaboration with Kofi Dorvlo 5. American Indian Oral Literature, Cultural Identity and Language Revitalisation: Some Considerations for Researchers 91 Margaret Field Archiving Orality FINAL.indd 5 5/13/13 10:03 AM vi Oral Literature in the Digital Age 6. Ecuador’s Indigenous Cultures: Astride Orality and Literacy 103 Jorge Gómez Rendón 7. From Shrine to Stage: A Personal Account of the Challenges of Archiving the Tejaji Ballad of Rajasthan 121 Madan Meena 8. Mongghul Ha Clan Oral History Documentation 133 Ha Mingzong 哈明宗, Ha Mingzhu 哈明珠 and C. K. Stuart Index 159 Archiving Orality FINAL.indd 6 5/13/13 10:03 AM Editors Mark Turin is a linguistic anthropologist specialised in the Himalayas. He directs the World Oral Literature Project and the Digital Himalaya Project, both of which are co-located at Cambridge and Yale universities. He is the author or co-author of four books, the editor of five volumes and has published numerous articles and book chapters. He is the Program Director of Yale’s new Himalaya Initiative. Claire Wheeler is a Research Assistant at the World Oral Literature Project. She has a background in Modern and Medieval Languages, educational publishing, and teaching English as a foreign language. Eleanor Wilkinson is a Research Assistant at the World Oral Literature Project. She has a background in ancient languages and culture, and has previously worked as a freelance collections assistant after completing her MA in Museum Studies. Archiving Orality FINAL.indd 7 5/13/13 10:03 AM Archiving Orality FINAL.indd 8 5/13/13 10:03 AM Contributors Felix K. Ameka is a linguist who teaches in the African Languages and Cultures programme at Leiden University. His relevant research interests are in ethnography of communication, semantics, pragmatics, socio-historical linguistics and the reflexive relations between language, culture and cognition and West African languages especially Gbe and Ghana-Togo Mountain languages. Judith Aston is a Senior Lecturer in Film-making and Creative Media at the University of the West of England in Bristol, holding a PhD in Computer- related Design from the Royal College of Art and a Master’s degree in Social Science from the University of Cambridge. As a new media pioneer in the mid 1980s, she has extensive experience of working with digital archives, interactive documentary, and expanded film, through which she continues to develop her longstanding interests in sensory ethnography and cross- cultural communication. Kofi Dorvlo is a Senior Research Fellow in the Language Centre, University of Ghana. He currently works on the documentation of the languages and cultures of the peoples of the Ghana Togo Mountain area. He is also a part-time lecturer at the University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho in Ghana. He gained his undergraduate degree in English and Linguistics at Legon and did his graduate work in the same University. He was awarded a PhD in Linguistics at Leiden University, Netherlands. Margaret Field is a Professor of American Indian Studies at San Diego State University. She received her PhD in Linguistics at the University of California Santa Barbara. Archiving Orality FINAL.indd 9 5/13/13 10:03 AM x Oral Literature in the Digital Age Paul Matthews is a Senior Lecturer in Information Science and Web Development at the University of the West of England. Paul’s research interests include digital libraries, multimedia search and the dynamics of knowledge exchange on the social web. Madan Meena is a practicing artist with an education in Fine Arts. His interest in folk culture studies motivated him to gradually become a folklorist. Daniela Merolla lectures African Literatures at the Department of African Languages and Cultures, Centre for the Arts in Society, University of Leiden, The Netherlands. Her research focuses on African oral literary productions (Tamazight, Algeria/Morocco, and Ewe, Ghana) as well as on written literatures in African and European languages. She published among others: “Digital Imagination and the ‘Landscapes of Group Identities’: Berber Diaspora and the Flourishing of Theatre, Videos, and Amazigh-Net”, The Journal of North African Studies, 2002, pp. 122–131; “Dangerous Love in mythical narratives and formula tales”, Religion, vol.39, 2009, pp. 283–288; and edited (with E. Bekers and S. Helff) “Transcultural Modernities: Narrating Africa in Europe”, Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2009; and (with J. Jansen and K. Naït-Zerrad) “Multimedia Research and Documentation of Oral Genres in Africa—The Step Forward”, Köln: Köppe Verlag, 2012. Mingzhu Ha was born in 1989 in Hawan Village, Tiantang Town, Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, Gansu Province, China. Like her elder brother, Mingzong, she studied English at Qinghai Normal University. Currently she is working on her BA in Environmental Science at Asian University for Women in Bangladesh. Mingzong Ha was born in 1987 in Hawan Village, Tiantang Town, Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, Gansu Province, China. He studied English/ Tibetan at Qinghai Normal University (China) from 2002 to 2005, and Mongolian/Czech at Charles University in Prague (Czech Republic) from 2006 to 2012. Currently he is pursuing his second master’s degree in management at the University of Cambridge. David Nathan is the Director of the Endangered Languages Archive (ELAR) at SOAS, University of London, where he and his team have Archiving Orality FINAL.indd 10 5/13/13 10:03 AM Contributors xi developed new approaches to the archiving of endangered languages resources. David has 20 years’ experience in educational and computing support for endangered languages, through teaching, training, academic publishing, and developing multimedia for language learning and revitalisation. He is interested in the connections between language documentation, language support and linguistic research, and how these connections can be supported through innovative media technologies. Jorge Gómez Rendón (1971) is an Ecuadorian linguist and anthropologist. His work focuses on documentation of endangered languages as well as on linguistic and cultural rights of indigenous peoples in Ecuador. C. K. Stuart has lived in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Qinghai Province, and Xi’an City, PR China; Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; and Dumaguete, Negros Oriental since 1984. A native of Albion, Pushmataha County, Oklahoma, he currently teaches English, writes, and edits at Shaanxi Normal University. Thomas Widlok (PhD in anthropology, LSE 1994) has carried out long-term field research in Namibia over more than three decades. He is currently professor of anthropology at Radboud University
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