DOCSLIB.ORG

Triterpenes and Sterols of Family Apocynaceae P-ISSN: 2349-8234 JPP 2015; 4(2): 21-39 (2013-1955), a Review Received: 14-04-2015 Accepted: 17-05-2015 Dina F

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Triterpenes and Sterols of Family Apocynaceae P-ISSN: 2349-8234 JPP 2015; 4(2): 21-39 (2013-1955), a Review Received: 14-04-2015 Accepted: 17-05-2015 Dina F Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2015; 4(2): 21-39 E-ISSN: 2278-4136 Triterpenes and sterols of family Apocynaceae P-ISSN: 2349-8234 JPP 2015; 4(2): 21-39 (2013-1955), A review Received: 14-04-2015 Accepted: 17-05-2015 Dina F. El-Kashef, Ashraf N. E. Hamed, Hany E. Khalil, Mohamed S. Kamel Dina F. El-Kashef Department of Pharmacognosy, Abstract Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt To present a collection of data regarding the phytochemical content (triterpenes and sterols) of family Apocyanaceae. Literature was collected from various published textbooks and scientific papers, then the Ashraf N. E. Hamed required data was summarized and presented in tabulated form. Triterpenes and sterols are two of the Department of Pharmacognosy, major phytochemicals reported in this family. This review presents an overview on the reported Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia phytochemicals (triterpenes and sterols) of family Apocyanaceae. University, Minia 61519, Egypt. Keywords: Apocynaceae, triterpenes, sterols. Hany E. Khalil Department of Pharmacognosy, Abbreviations Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia 1-Organ used University, 61519 Minia, Egypt Aerial parts (AP.); Barks (B.); Flower (Fl.), Fruits (Fr.); Latex (La.); Leaves (Le.); Leaves and stems (Le.&St.); Leaves and stem barks (Le.&St.B.); Pods (Po.); Rhizomes (Rhi.); Roots (R.); Root barks Mohamed S. Kamel Department of Pharmacognosy, (RB.); Seeds (Se.); Seed pods (SP.); Stems (St.); Stem barks (St.B.); Whole plants (WP.). Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt 2-Genera of the plants Adenium (Ad.); Alstonia (Als.); Alyxia (Aly.); Amalocalyx (Ama.); Amsonia (Ams.); Apocynum (Apo.); Aspidosperma (Asp.); Beaumontia (Be.); Caralluma (Cara.); Carissa (Cari.); Catharanthus (Cat.); Cerbera (Cer.); Cynanchum (Cyn.); Dipladenia (Di.); Ecdysanthera (Ecd.); Echites (Ech.); Funtumia (Fu.); Himatanthus (Hi.); Holarrhena (Ho.); Ichnocarpus (Ich.); Laseguea (Las.); Mandevilla (Ma.); Melodinus (Mel.); Mucoa (Mu.); Nerium (Ne.); Parahancornia (Par.); Peltastes (Pel.); Pentalinon (Pen.); Pluberia (Plub.); Plumeria (Plum.); Rhazya (Rha.); Tabernaemontana (Ta.); Thevetia (Th.); Trachelospermum (Tr.); Vinca (Vi.); Wrightia (Wr.). 1. Introduction The family Apocynaceae, which is known as Dogbane family, is a family of about 300 genera [1] and 1300 species . It is primarily distributed in the tropics and subtropics but poorly represented in the temperate regions [2]. It is one of the important latex-forming families [3]. Apocynaceae is divided into five subfamilies: Rauvolfioideae, Apocynoideae, Periplocoideae, Secamonoideae and Asclepiadoideae [4, 5]. It is worthy mentioned that family Apocynaceae is [6] closely related to the Asclepiadaceae . Reviewing the available literature, it was evident that [7] alkaloids of family Apocynaceae have been extensively reported . Triterpenes and sterols are found to be widely distributed in family Apocynaceae, while nothing could be traced about the chemical review of the triterpenes and sterols. This phytochemical review includes the Correspondence: Ashraf N. E. Hamed reported triterpenes and sterols, which are isolated from the plants of this family. The data was Ph.D. Assistant Professor, summarized and recorded in tabulated form. Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia 2. Method University, 61519 Minia, Egypt. Relevant literatures related to ‘triterpenes and sterols from family Apocyanaceae’ admissions Email: [email protected], [email protected] were obtained from different sources viz., PubMed, Sciencedirect and SciFinder databases. The articles that were published from 2013 to 1955 were collected. ~ 21 ~ Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Table 1: A list of isolated triterpenes from family Apocynaceae. No. Name Structure Source Organ Reference Ia-Ursane type R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 [8] 1 α-Amyrin R1, R2, R3, R4=H, R5=CH3 Als. scholaris Fl. Als. scholaris R.&RB. [9] Mu. duckei Le. [10] Ich. frutescens St. [11] Cyn. acutum WP. [12] Ma. guanabarica Le. [13] Ma. moricandiana Le. [13] Be. grandiflora AP. [14] Ne. oleander Le. [15] Par. amapa R. [16] Hi. sucuuba La. [17] Plum. obtusa L. [18] Par. amapa B.&La. [19] [20] 2 α-Amyrin acetate R1=Acetate, R2, R3, R4=H, R5=CH3 Als. scholaris AP. Als. scholaris F. [8] Als. scholaris Le. [9] Als. scholaris R.&RB. [9] Als. scholaris St.B. [9] Ich. frutescens St. [11] Ta. catharinensis RB. [21] Hi. sucuuba La. [22] Hi. sucuuba Le. [22] Par. amapa R. [16] Ta. markgrafiana B. [23] Th. neriifolia Le. [24] Hi. phagedaenica St. [25] Als. scholaris La. [3] Als. verticillosa B. [3] [22] 3 α-Amyrin cinnamate R1=Cinnamoyl, R2, R3, R4=H, R5=CH3 Hi. sucuuba La. Hi. sucuuba Le. [22] Hi. sucuuba B. [26] Hi. articulata La. [27] [15] 4 Urs-12-ene-3β,28-diol R1, R2, R3, R4=H, R5=CH2OH Ne. oleander Le. [15,28] 5 3β-Hydroxyurs-12-en-28- R1, R2, R3, R4=H, R5=CHO Ne. oleander Le. aldehyde [29] 6 Ursolic acid R1, R2, R3, R4=H, R5=COOH Asp. ulei Le. (3β-Hydroxyursan-12-en-28- Als. scholaris AP. [9] oic acid) Als. boonei B. [9] Als. scholaris F. [9] Plum. obtusa Le. [10] Plum. acuminata Le. [30] Cari. spinarum R. [31] Ich. frutescens R. [11] Rha. stricta R. [32] Ne. oleander WP. [33] Asp. illustre Le.&St.B. [34] Ne. oleander Le. [35,15] Ta. catharinensis RB. [21] Mu. duckei Le. [36] Als. scholaris Le. [37] Als. scholaris F. [37] Plum. obtusa Le.&St.B. [38] Cari. carandas Le. [39] ~ 22 ~ Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Aly. sinensis St. [40] Di. martiana AP. [41] Hi. articulata Le. [27] Ho. pubescens Le. [42] Th. neriifolia Le. [24] Plum. obtusa Le. [43] Ech. hirsuta WP. [44] [41] 7 Pomolic acid R1, R2, R4=H, R3=OH, R5=COOH Di. martiana AP. [35,15] 8 3β,27-Dihydroxyurs-12-en- R1, R2, R3=H, R4=OH, R5=COOH Ne. oleander Le. 28-oic acid [45] 9 Methyl ursolate R1, R2, R3, R4=H, R5=COOCH3 Fu. africana Le. [28] 10 28-Nor-urs-12-ene-3β,17β- R1, R2, R3, R4=H, R5=OH Ne. oleander Le. diol [15] 11 28-Norurs-12-en-3β-ol R1, R2, R3, R4, R5=H Ne. oleander Le. [46] 12 Peltastine A R1=(2E,4E)-5-phenylpenta-2,4-dienoyloxy, R2, R3, Pel. peltatus St. (3β-[5-phenyl-(2E,4E)-penta- R4=H, R5= CH3 2,4-dienoyloxy]-urs-12-ene) [35] 13 3β-Hydroxy-27-P-(E)- R1, R2, R3=H, R4=O-E-Coumaroyl, R5=COOH Ne. oleander Le. coumaroyloxyurs-12-en-28- Cari. carandas Le. [39] oic acid Plum. obtusa Le. [47] [35] 14 3β-Hydroxy-27-P-(Z)- R1, R2, R3=H, R4=O-Z-Coumaroyl, R5=COOH Ne. oleander Le. coumaroyloxyurs-12-en-28- Plum. obtusa Le. [42] oic acid [39] 15 Carissin (3β-Hydroxy-27-E- R1, R2, R3=H, R4=E-feruloyl, R5=COOH Cari. carandas Le. feruloyloxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid) [38] 16 Urs-12-en-3β-hydroxy-27-Z- R1, R2, R3=H, R4=Z-feruloyl, R5=COOH Plum. obtusa Le.&St.B. feruloyloxy-28-oic acid [18] 17 Obtusin R1, R3, R4=H, R5=COOH, R2=O-E-Coumaroyl Plum. obtusa Le. (3β-Hydroxy-24-P-E- coumaroyloxyurs-12-en-28- oic acid) R 18 Cis-karenin (28-[(Z)-p- (Z)-p-Coumaroyloxy Ne. oleander Le. [48] Coumaroyloxy]-3β- hydroxyurs-12-en-27-oic acid) 19 Trans-karenin (28-[(E)-p- (E)-p-Coumaroyloxy Ne. oleander Le. [48] Coumaroyloxy]-3β - hydroxyurs-12-en-27-oic acid) R 20 Neriucoumaric acid (Z) P-Coumaroyl Plum. obtusa Le. [18] (3β-Hydroxy-2α-cis-P- Ne. oleander Le. [49,50] coumaryloxy-urs-12-en-28- oic acid) 21 Isoneriucoumaric acid (E) P-Coumaroyl Plum. obtusa Le. [18] (3β-Hydroxy-2α-trans-P- Ne. oleander Le. [49,50] coumaryloxy-urs-12-en-28- oic acid) ~ 23 ~ Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 22 Urs-12-en-3-one Plum. obtusa Le.&St.B. [38] 23 Obtusilic acid Plum. obtusa Le. [18] (3β-Hydroxy-27-P-Z- coumaroyloxyurs-12-en-30- oic acid) 24 Rubrinol Plum. rubra R. [30] (3β,30-Dihydroxyurs-12-ene) Plum. rubra WP. [42] 25 3β,13β -Dihydroxyurs-11-en- Ne. oleander Le. [15] 28-oic acid 26 12,13-Dihydroursolic acid Ne. oleander Le. [51] R 27 Coumarobtusanoic acid COOH Plum. obtusa Le. [47] [47] 28 Coumarobtusane CH3 Plum. obtusa Le. ~ 24 ~ Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 29 Urs-12-ene-3β, 22β-diol-17- carboxylic acid Cari. spinarum R. [31] 30 Isoursenyl acetate Ta. markgrafiana B. [23] Ta. catharinensis RB. [21] 31 Alstoprenylene Als. scholaris Fl. [8] Ib-Friedoursanes 32 Baurenyl acetate Ta. markgrafiana B. [23] [21] Ta. catharinensis RB. R R1 [42] 33 Obtusic acid CH3 COOH Plum. obtusa Le. [42] 34 Obtusilinic acid COOH CH2OC2H5 Plum. obtusa Le. 35 D-Friedours-14-en-11α, 12α- Ecd. rosea AP. [52] epoxy-3β-yl palmitate ~ 25 ~ Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 36 20(30)-Ursen-3-yl acetate Ta. markgrafiana B. [23] 37 20(30)-Ursa-ene-3-ol Als. scholaris AP. [20] 38 20(30)-Ursen-3β-yl acetate Ta. catharinensis RB. [21] 39 Taraxasteryl acetate Plum. rubra R. [30] [(20(30)-Taraxasten- Ta. catharinensis RB. [21] 3β-yl acetate)] Plum. rubra WP. [42] Ta. markgrafiana B. [23] 40 20β,28-Epoxy-28α- Ne. oleander Le. [28] methoxytaraxa-steran-3β-ol 41 20β,28-Epoxytaraxaster-21- Ne. oleander Le. [28] en-3β-ol 42 Kanerin Ne. oleander Le. [51] ~ 26 ~ Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry R 43 Plumeric acid H Plum. acutifolia Le. [42] [42] 44 Methyl plumerate CH3 Plum. acutifolia Le. 45 Oleanderic acid Ne. oleander Le. [15] (3β,20α-Dihydroxyurs-21-en- 28-oic acid) II-Oleanane type R1 R2 R3 R4 [9] 46 β-Amyrin R1, R2, R3=H, R4=CH3 Als. boonei B. [9] Als. scholaris Fl. Mu. duckei Le. [10] Ma. guanabarica Le. [13] Ma. moricandiana Le. [13] Asp. illustre Le.&St.B. [34] Als. scholaris Fl. [37] Par.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Studies in the Floral Anatomy of the Apocynaceae
    STUDIES IN THE FLORAL ANATOMY OF THE APOCYNACEAE By V. S. Rao and Arati Ganguli Rammrain Ruia College, Bombay-19 fRcceivcd for publication on November 22, 1961) I ntroduction T h e Apocynaceae is a natural taxon having a close affinity with Asclepia- daceae. This family is characterised by a deeply iive-lobed imbricate calyx, often with glands or squamellae at the base on its inner surface; a 5-lobed contorted corolla, often hairy or appendaged within; 5 epi- petalous distinct stamens, often with an apical prolongation of the con­ nective ; anthers either free or adherent by viscid exudates to the stigma; granular pollen; a bicarpellary, superior to half-inferior pistil with the two carpels cither free or united in the ovary portion; and a single style. In syncarpous, bilocular ovaries in this family the placentation is axile, whereas in syncarpous unilocular states it is parietal. In the apo­ carpous condition the placentation is marginal. A nectariferous disk is present at the base of the gynoecium in most Apocynaceae. Schumann (1895) divided Apocynaceae into the two subfamilies, Plumeroideae and Echitoideae. In Plumeroideae the stamens are either free or only slightly attached to the stigma, the anthers are generally without tails and the seeds are usually without a coma. In Echitoideae the stamens are closely attached to the stigma, the anthers have tails, and the seeds arc generally with a coma. This subfamily is believed to show affinities with Asclepiadaceae. Woodson and Moore (1938) recognized three subfamilies, namely the Plumeroideae, Echitoideae and Apocynoideae. There have been only a few investigations on the floral anatomy o f Apocynaceae., W oodson (1930) studied this group chiefly in its general morphological aspect.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnobotanical Study on Wild Edible Plants Used by Three Trans-Boundary Ethnic Groups in Jiangcheng County, Pu’Er, Southwest China
    Ethnobotanical study on wild edible plants used by three trans-boundary ethnic groups in Jiangcheng County, Pu’er, Southwest China Yilin Cao Agriculture Service Center, Zhengdong Township, Pu'er City, Yunnan China ren li ( [email protected] ) Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0810-0359 Shishun Zhou Shoutheast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences Liang Song Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Center for Intergrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ruichang Quan Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences Huabin Hu CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences Research Keywords: wild edible plants, trans-boundary ethnic groups, traditional knowledge, conservation and sustainable use, Jiangcheng County Posted Date: September 29th, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-40805/v2 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Version of Record: A version of this preprint was published on October 27th, 2020. See the published version at https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-020-00420-1. Page 1/35 Abstract Background: Dai, Hani, and Yao people, in the trans-boundary region between China, Laos, and Vietnam, have gathered plentiful traditional knowledge about wild edible plants during their long history of understanding and using natural resources. The ecologically rich environment and the multi-ethnic integration provide a valuable foundation and driving force for high biodiversity and cultural diversity in this region.
    [Show full text]
  • Medicinal Plants Research
    V O L U M E -III Glimpses of CCRAS Contributions (50 Glorious Years) MEDICINAL PLANTS RESEARCH CENTRAL COUNCIL FOR RESEARCH IN AYURVEDIC SCIENCES Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India New Delhi Illllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll Glimpses of CCRAS contributions (50 Glorious years) VOLUME-III MEDICINAL PLANTS RESEARCH CENTRAL COUNCIL FOR RESEARCH IN AYURVEDIC SCIENCES Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India New Delhi MiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiM Illllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll © Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, New Delhi - 110058 First Edition - 2018 Publisher: Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, New Delhi, J. L. N. B. C. A. H. Anusandhan Bhavan, 61-65, Institutional Area, Opp. D-Block, Janakpuri, New Delhi - 110 058, E-mail: [email protected], Website : www.ccras.nic.in ISBN : 978-93-83864-27-0 Disclaimer: All possible efforts have been made to ensure the correctness of the contents. However Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Ministry of AYUSH, shall not be accountable for any inadvertent error in the content. Corrective measures shall be taken up once such errors are brought
    [Show full text]
  • Wrightia Antidysenterica
    Wrightia antidysenterica Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Order: Gentianales Family: Apocynaceae Genus: Wrightia W. Species: antidysenterica Botanical Name: Wrightia antidysenterica (synonym: Holarrhena pubescens) Common Name: Snowflake, Milky Way, Arctic Snow, Winter Cherry Tree, Sweet Indrajao, Pudpitchaya, Hyamaraca Plant type: A perennial ornamental small tree or shrub, native to Sri Lanka. Light: Prefers bright light or full sun; Can tolerate partial shade but will result in less flowers. Moisture: Regular watering and moderately. Soil: Well-drained loamy soil. Features: Wrightia antidysenterica is a small and compact semi-deciduous shrub, reaching 1.2-2 meters in height, with a spread of about 1.5 meter .A moderate grower with several short and divaricate branches that turn chocolaty brown as it ages, and adorned with dark green, ovate and acuminate leaves (2.5-6cm long) that are oppositely arranged. And, pure white tubular 5-petaled flowers with yellow centers appear in corymb-like cymes at the end of branches. The Snowflake or Milky Way as commonly known, is a beautiful shrub that will be studded with showy 2.5-3.5cm star-shaped flowers all year round. There is a related species, Wrightia tinctoria, whose blooms look quite identical. Usage: Wrightia antidysenterica will be most ideal as a container specimen for patio or houseplant. Excellent too for planting on ground in limited garden space and will brighten any garden corner with those starry white blooms that resemble snow flakes or little stars from afar. Besides, in India, it is considered a medicinal plant. The bark has anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties, and is used as an adulterant for the well known drug, Holarrhena antidysenterica.
    [Show full text]
  • (Frangipani) in Preventing and Treating of Diseases in Livestock Farms
    J.Bio.Innov 9(5), pp: 711-724, 2020 |ISSN 2277-8330 (Electronic) Ahaatu et al., https://doi.org/10.46344/JBINO.2020.v09i05.06 INVESTIGATING THE IMPLICATIONS OF ANTI-MICROBIAL AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PROPERTIES OF PLUMERIA RUBRA (FRANGIPANI) IN PREVENTING AND TREATING OF DISEASES IN LIVESTOCK FARMS. Ahaotu, E.O1, Nwabueze, E2, Azubuike, A.P3 and Anyaegbu, F3 1Department of Animal Production Technology, Imo State Polytechnic Umuagwo, Nigeria. 2Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Imo State Polytechnic Umuagwo, Nigeria. 3Department of Agricultural Technology, Imo State Polytechnic Umuagwo, Nigeria. (Received on Date: 18th May 2020 Date of Revision& Acceptance: 4th July 2020 Date of Publish: 1st September 2020) Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Plumeria rubra is small tree commonly known as White Champa Leaf. The leaves and flowers were evaluated for phyto-constituents, used in several traditional medicines to cure various diseases. The plant is mainly grown for its ornamental and fragrant flowers. Leaves arrangement is lanceolate to oblanceolate with flowers, fragrant in corymbose fascicles while the fruit is edible. Their medicinal properties are often due to their latex which is frequently drastic and corrosive. Latex is applied to ulcers, herpes and scabies. Seeds possess hemostatic properties. Plumeria rubra is also used as purgative, cardiotonic, diuretic and hypotensive. The medicinal value of Plumeria rubra is used in the treatment of a large number of human and livestock ailments. The zones of inhibition ranges from 10-28 mm and the plant extracts showed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against gram positive and gram-negative bacteria. It was more pronounced on gram negative bacteria especially Proteus mirabilis.
    [Show full text]
  • Apocynum Androsaemifolium L
    Scientific name: Apocynum androsaemifolium L. Family: Apocynaceae Common Names: spreading dogbane, bitterroot, flytrap, Indian hemp Fruit: 8 to 12 cm long follicles and 5 mm thick, Plant Description paired pods that split along one side to release the Erect perennial herb, 20 to 100 cm high; well seeds (Moss 1983). branched stems above; rhizomes up to 25 cm deep Seed: Numerous 2.5 to 3 mm long seeds each with that can form extensive colonies; opposite, ovate to long (1 to 2 cm) off-white tuft of hairs at tip. oblong, simple, mucronate leaves 2.5 to 8 cm long; short-petioled; fragrant, pink, bell-shaped flowers in Habitat and Distribution loose, terminal, panicled cymes hanging from stem Shade tolerant. Common in sandy areas on well tips and leaf axils, petals 6 to 9 mm long (Moss drained, open sites in woods, roadsides, open 1983). hillsides and ridges. Can also be found in riparian Stems when broken exude a milky sap (Budd and zones, moist areas with clayey soil (Hardy BBT best 1969). 1989). Seral Stage: It is a mid-seral species in multiple habitat types (Groen 2005). Soils: Found on fine to medium soil textures and dry soils (Gerling et al. 1996). Found in soils with pH ranging from 5.0 to 7.7 (Groen 2005). Distribution: Widespread across Alberta, north and west to Great Slave Lake and interior Alaska. Alaska, Yukon, southwestern District of Mackenzie to James Bay, southern Quebec, Newfoundland south to California, Arizona, Texas, Georgia (Moss 1983). Phenology Flowers bloom in June and July. Seeds are ripe in late summer (September) (Shultz et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Apocynaceae-Apocynoideae)
    THE NERIEAE (APOCYNACEAE-APOCYNOIDEAE) A. J. M. LEEUWENBERG1 ABSTRACT The genera of tribe Nerieae of Apocynaceae are surveyed here and the relationships of the tribe within the family are evaluated. Recent monographic work in the tribe enabled the author to update taxonomie approaches since Pichon (1950) made the last survey. Original observations on the pollen morphology ofth egener a by S.Nilsson ,Swedis h Natural History Museum, Stockholm, are appended to this paper. RÉSUMÉ L'auteur étudie lesgenre s de la tribu desNeriea e desApocynacée s et évalue lesrelation s del a tribu au sein de la famille. Un travail monographique récent sur la tribu a permit à l'auteur de mettre à jour lesapproche s taxonomiques depuis la dernière étude de Pichon (1950). Lesobservation s inédites par S. Nilsson du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle Suédois à Stockholm sur la morphologie des pollens des genres sontjointe s à cet article. The Apocynaceae have long been divided into it to generic rank and in his arrangement includ­ two subfamilies, Plumerioideae and Apocynoi- ed Aganosma in the Echitinae. Further, because deae (Echitoideae). Pichon (1947) added a third, of its conspicuous resemblance to Beaumontia, the Cerberioideae, a segregate of Plumerioi­ it may well be that Amalocalyx (Echiteae— deae—a situation which I have provisionally ac­ Amalocalycinae, according to Pichon) ought to cepted. These subfamilies were in turn divided be moved to the Nerieae. into tribes and subtribes. Comparative studies Pichon's system is artificial, because he used have shown that the subdivision of the Plume­ the shape and the indumentum of the area where rioideae is much more natural than that of the the connectives cohere with the head of the pistil Apocynoideae.
    [Show full text]
  • Sand-Dune Vegetation of Igneada Coast in the Thracian Part of Turkey
    HACQUETIA 6/2 • 2007, 171–182 DOI: 10.2478/v10028–007–00010–z Sand-dUnE vEgetation of IgneadA CoAsT In the THracian pArT of TUrkey Ali KAVgACI* Abstract Igneada is located in the northwest part of Turkey on the Black Sea coast and it is also near the national bor- der between Turkey and Bulgaria. The Igneada region was accepted as one of the most important plant areas of Turkey. In this work, a study was made on the phytosociological structure of Igneada sand dune vegetation, which is the one of the important components of the richness in the region. At the end of the assessment of the data, 3 communities were defined. These communities are otantho-leymetum sabulosi, medicago rigidula- Cionura erecta basal community and meadow behind the sand dune. The part of the sand dune closest to the sea has width of 30 m, ascends with a specific inclination and has no vegetation coverage. Behind this part, otantho-leymetum sabulosi occurs at places where the sand dune has an unstable structure. The medicago rigi- dula-Cionura erecta basal community appears behind �������������������������otantho-leymetum sabulosi and the sand dune has a stable structure at these areas. Behind these communities, another vegetation belt occurs, formed by the species that are cosmopolite or characteristic for meadow vegetation. Key words: Igneada, nature conservation, phytosociology, sand dune. Izvleček Igneada se nahaja v severozahodnem delu Turčije na obali Črnega morja ob državni meji med Turčijo in Bolgarijo. glede rastlinske raznovrstnosti je območje Igneada eno najpomembnejših v Turčiji. V članku je ob- ravnavana fitocenološka struktura vegetacije peščenih sipin, ki je ena najpomembnejših sestavin rastlinskega bogatstva območja.
    [Show full text]
  • Caryologia International Journal of Cytology, Cytosystematics and Cytogenetics
    0008-7114 2019 Vol. 72 – n. 1 72 – n. Vol. Caryologia 2019 International Journal of Cytology, Vol. 72 - n. 1 Cytosystematics and Cytogenetics Caryologia International Journal of Cytology, Cytosystematics and Cytogenetics International Journal of Cytology, FIRENZE PRESSUNIVERSITY FUP Caryologia. International Journal of Cytology, Cytosystematics and Cytogenetics Caryologia is devoted to the publication of original papers, and occasionally of reviews, about plant, animal and human kar- yological, cytological, cytogenetic, embryological and ultrastructural studies. Articles about the structure, the organization and the biological events relating to DNA and chromatin organization in eukaryotic cells are considered. Caryologia has a strong tradition in plant and animal cytosystematics and in cytotoxicology. Bioinformatics articles may be considered, but only if they have an emphasis on the relationship between the nucleus and cytoplasm and/or the structural organization of the eukaryotic cell. Editor in Chief Associate Editors Alessio Papini Alfonso Carabez-Trejo - Mexico City, Mexico Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale Katsuhiko Kondo - Hagishi-Hiroshima, Japan Università degli Studi di Firenze Canio G. Vosa - Pisa, Italy Via La Pira, 4 – 0121 Firenze, Italy Subject Editors Mycology Plant Cytogenetics Histology and Cell Biology Renato Benesperi Lorenzo Peruzzi Alessio Papini Università di Firenze, Italy Università di Pisa Università di Firenze Human and Animal Cytogenetics Plant Karyology and Phylogeny Zoology Michael Schmid Andrea Coppi Mauro Mandrioli University of Würzburg, Germany Università di Firenze Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia Editorial Assistant Sara Falsini Università degli Studi di Firenze, Italy Editorial Advisory Board G. Berta - Alessandria, Italy G. Delfno - Firenze, Italy M. Mandrioli - Modena, Italy D. Bizzaro - Ancona, Italy S. D'Emerico - Bari, Italy G.
    [Show full text]
  • Georges Guerrard-Samuel Perrottet, a Forgotten Swiss−French Plant Collector, Experimental Botanist and Biologist in India
    HISTORICAL NOTES Georges Guerrard-Samuel Perrottet, a forgotten Swiss−French plant collector, experimental botanist and biologist in India Anantanarayanan Raman The first French trade outpost was set up the eastern coast of Peninsular India shot The only item that celebrates Perrottet is in the coastal town of Pondichéry, now into prominence in recent years, when the obelisk in JBP (Figure 1). Puducherry (1193N, 7979E), southern Ang Lee made a few segments of his India by the French East-India Company Oscar runner The Life of Pi (2012) here. (Compagnie Française pour le Com- With spectacular flowering plants and Georges Guerrard–Samuel merce des Indes Orientales) in 1674. refreshing water features, JBP has re- Perrottet This outpost grew into the earliest mained a fascinating recreational facility French settlement. Its activities driven by in Pondichéry for several years. The Perrottet (Figure 2) was born in 1790 commercial interest got triggered. One 2011 cyclone ravaged JBP and it has not (1793?) in Vully of Vaud Canton of was the exploration – which turned sub- yet recovered from the damage. Cyclonic French-speaking Switzerland. He started sequently as exploitation – of the natural rain and other natural events have irrepa- wealth of India. That in turn, led to the rably damaged similar human creations consideration of growing plants in a for- in Peninsular India in the past. The mal ‘garden’ context, because estab- Marmelon Botanic Garden in Madras lished gardens existed in France: Jardin city (1302N, 8023E), India, created du Roi in Paris initiated by Joseph Pitton by James Anderson and managed by his de Tournefort and Antoine de Jussieu, nephew Andrew Berry in 1790s, was lost pioneering botanists of the day, was permanently due to the torrential cyclone operational from 1640.
    [Show full text]
  • Dna Sequence and Rapd Information Re-Affirms the Taxonomic Relationships Between Apocynum Venetum L
    Pak. J. Bot., 44(4): 1261-1266, 2012. DNA SEQUENCE AND RAPD INFORMATION RE-AFFIRMS THE TAXONOMIC RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN APOCYNUM VENETUM L. AND POACYNUM PICTUM (SCHRENK) BAILL. PENG XUEMEI1,3, CAO YAN1, YANG ZIYI1, ZHANG WEIMING1,2, LIU QITANG4 AND LU CHANGMEI1* 1Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; 2Nanjing Institute for the Comprehensive Utilization of Wild Plants, Nanjing 210042, China; 3Analysis and Testing Center, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China; 4Xinjiang Gebao Luobuhongma and Luobubaima Co1L td, Altai 836500, China *Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]; Tel: (086)-025-85891971; Fax: (086)-025-85891526 Abstract Medicinal plants Apocynum venetum L. and Poacynum pictum (Schrenk) Baill. having similar efficacy belong to two genera. However, many similarities of morphological characteristics in pollen, seeds, leaves and stems etc. between the two species recommend it under one genus Apocynum L. To address this question, we selected DNA sequences [nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS), trnL intron and trnL-trnF intergenic spacer (IGS) sequence] and RAPD markers to assess the relationship between them, with samples from 10 populations of A. venetum and 5 populations of P. pictum from China. ITS sequences from all samples of A. venetum and P. pictum were same, and only two different sites were found in the trnL intron region and one different site in the trnL-trnF IGS region. The genetic distance between A. venetum and P. pictum calculated upon these regions was much smaller than both the intergeneric and interspecies genetic distances calculated upon the same regions in the vast majority of plants.
    [Show full text]
  • Morphological and Molecular Identification of an Endemic Species from Tamil Nadu, India: Wrightia Indica Ngan (Apocynaceae)
    J. Indian bot. Soc. e-ISSN:2455-7218, ISSN:0019 - 4468 Vol. 101 (1&2) 2021: 49-57 MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF AN ENDEMIC SPECIES FROM TAMIL NADU, INDIA: WRIGHTIA INDICA NGAN (APOCYNACEAE) SATHYA ELAVARASAN1, MUTHULAKSHMIPECHIAMMAL PECHIMUTHU, RAJENDRAN ARUMUGAM AND SEKAR THANGAVEL1 Phytochemistry Laboratory1, Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamilnadu, India. E-mail:[email protected] Date of online publication: 31st March 2021 DOI:10.5958/2455-7218.2021.00013.9 Wrightia indica Ngan is an endemic Apocynaceae species collected from Sitheri hills of Dharmapuri district in the Southern Eastern Ghats of Tamil Nadu. Morphological and molecular identification of species was observed by analyzing the chloroplast DNA regions using ITS marker and generated sequences. The present study confirms the molecular sequence of Wrightia indica for the first time and voucher specimen deposited in NCBI. They allow us to infer the phylogenetic relationships among other taxa within the same genus and those of other genera detailed description, ecological notes, and photographs of the species are provided for a better understanding of this little known endemic taxa. Keywords: DNA barcoding, Endemic, Morphology, Tamil Nadu, Wrightia indica. The Apocynaceae was first explained as savannas and sandy thickets on the strand "Apocinae" (de Jussieu, 1789). They are (Middleton 2007a). Many of these taxa are commonly known as the Dogbane family local endemics from karst limestone habitats (Gentianales) usually consisting of trees, and several others are threatened due to shrubs, vines, relatives with white latex or quarrying for cement (Clements et al. 2006). hardly ever watery juice, smooth margined and DNA based identification is a high through out opposite or whorled leaves.
    [Show full text]