bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/551630; this version posted February 19, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Adapted dandelions increase seed dispersal when they are attacked by 2 root herbivores 3 4 Zoe Bont1 (
[email protected]), Marc Pfander1 (
[email protected]), Christelle 5 A. M. Robert1 (
[email protected]), Meret Huber2 (
[email protected]), Erik 6 H. Poelman3 (
[email protected]), Ciska E. RaaiJmakers4 (
[email protected]) 7 and Matthias Erb1 (
[email protected]) 8 9 1Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland 10 2Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany 11 3Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands 12 4Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, The 13 Netherlands 14 15 Running title: Increased seed dispersal under herbivory 16 Key words: seed dispersal, root herbivory, adaptation, natural selection, fitness cost, 17 maternal effect, long distance dispersal, Taraxacum officinale, Melolontha melolontha 18 Correspondence: Matthias Erb (
[email protected]), University of Bern, Institute of 19 Plant Sciences, Altenbergrain 21, CH-3013 Bern, Switzerland, tel: +41 31 631 8668, fax: +41 20 31 631 4942 21 Statement of authorship: ZB, MH and ME designed the study. ZB, CAMR, EHP and CER 22 collected data. MP developed the time-of-flight tube.