I. Synthesis of Β-Sitosterol and Phytosterol Esters; II. New Methodology for Singlet Oxygen Generation from 1,1-Dihydroperoxides
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Handbook of Less-Common Nanostructures
HANDBOOK OF LESS-COMMON NANOSTRUCTURES Boris I. Kharisov • Oxana Vasilievna Kharissova Ubaldo Ortiz-Mendez CRC Press Taylor &. Francis Croup Boca Raton London NewYork CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business Contents Abbreviations xix Preface xxiii Acknowledgments xxv Authors xxvii PART I Introduction to Nanostructures Chapter 1 Methods for Obtaining Nanoparticles and Other Nanostructures 3 1.1 General Remarks on Nanoparticle Fabrication 3 1.2 Examples of Several Important Methods for the Synthesis of Nanoobjects 3 1.2.1 Vapor and Plasma-Based Techniques 3 1.2.2 Electrochemical Methods 10 1.2.3 Microwave, Ultrasonic, and UV-Irradiation Techniques 14 1.2.4 High-Pressure Methods 18 1.2.5 Use of Microfluidic Chips 20 1.2.6 Synthesis in Reversed Micelles 21 1.2.7 Hot-Plate Method 21 1.2.8 Other Chemical Routes 22 1.2.9 Biochemical and Self-Assembly Methods 24 1.3 "Green" Aspects of Nanoparticle Synthesis 26 References 27 Chapter 2 Brief Description of Some Classic Nanostructures 31 2.1 Carbon-Based Nanostructures 31 2.1.1 Carbon Nanotubes 31 2.1.2 Fullerenes 34 2.1.3 Nanodiamonds 35 2.1.4 Graphene and Graphane 37 2.2 Conventional Noncarbon Nanostructures 38 2.2.1 Simple and Core-Shell Nanoparticles 38 2.2.2 Nanometals 42 2.2.3 Gallery of Other Conventional Nanostructures 42 References 48 PART II Less-Common Nanostructures Chapter 3 Simple, Linear ID, 2D, and 3D Nanostructures 57 3.1 Nanolines 57 3.2 Nanopencils 61 ix X Contents 3.3 Nanodumbbells 66 3.4 Nanoshuttles 70 3.5 Nanopeapods 73 3.6 Nanopins 77 3.7 -
Organic Matter Composition Related to Methane Ebullitive Flux of an Urban Coastal Lagoon, Southeastern Brazil
Quim. Nova, Vol. 42, No. 6, 619-627, 2019 http://dx.doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20170373 ORGANIC MATTER COMPOSITION RELATED TO METHANE EBULLITIVE FLUX OF AN URBAN COASTAL LAGOON, SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL Alessandra da Fonseca Vianaa,*, , Marco Aurélio dos Santosa, Marcelo Corrêa Bernardesb and Marcelo Amorima aInstituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa de Engenharia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-450 Rio de Janeiro – RJ, Brasil b Departamento de Geoquímica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, 24020-141 Niterói – RJ, Brasil Artigo Recebido em 25/04/2019; aceito em 04/06/2019; publicado na web em 26/06/2019 In 2016, Brazil emitted 18.25 Tg of methane. Some of these emissions occur through continental aquatic ecosystems, locations of fate and accumulation of organic and inorganic matter. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the origin of organic matter in Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon, an eutrophic, coastal and chocked lagoon in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, through the determination of n-alkanes and sterols compounds in the upper two centimeters of sediment and compare these data with methane ebullitive flux. The concentrations of n-alkanes varied between 2.43 and 25.82 µg g-1. C29 was predominant compound in most sites, but also with important petrogenic source evidenced by the occurrence of Unresolved Complex Misture. The total concentration of sterols ranged from 2.76 to 56.01 µg g-1. β-sitostanol was the most abundant compound and coprostanol was the most relevant at the sites under -2 -1 -2 -1 influence of domestic effluents. 4CH ebullitive flux averaged 199 mg m d in the dry period and 9.3 mg m d during the wet season. -
Biennial Review of 40 CFR Part 503 As Required Under the Clean Water Act Section 405(D)(2)(C)
United States Office of Water EPA-822R18003 Environmental Protection Agency Office of Science and Technology June 2019 4304T Biennial Review of 40 CFR Part 503 As Required Under the Clean Water Act Section 405(d)(2)(C) Biosolids Biennial Review Reporting Period 2016–2017 EPA-822R18003 Biennial Review of 40 CFR Part 503 As Required Under the Clean Water Act Section 405(d)(2)(C) Biosolids Biennial Review Reporting Period 2016–2017 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water Office of Science and Technology Washington, D.C. June 2019 Biosolids Biennial Review Reporting Period 2016–2017 NOTICE This document has been reviewed in accordance with U.S. EPA policy and approved for publication. The report was prepared with the support of RTI International under the direction and review of the Office of Science and Technology. This document is not a regulation and does not change or substitute for statutory provisions and the EPA regulations. Thus, this document does not impose legally binding requirements on the EPA, states, tribes, or the regulated community. While the EPA has made every effort to ensure the accuracy of the discussion in this document, the obligations of the regulated community are determined by statutes, regulations, or other legally binding requirements. In the event of a conflict between the discussion in this document and any statute or regulation, this document would not be controlling. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for their use. This document can be downloaded from the EPA’s website at http://www.epa.gov/biosolids. -
Chemical and Microbiological Water Quality of Subsurface Agricultural
In cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service and the Lenawee Conservation District Chemical and Microbiological Water Quality of Subsurface Agricultural Drains during a Field Trial of Liquid Dairy Manure Effluent Application Rate and Varying Tillage Practices, Upper Tiffin Watershed, Southeastern Michigan By Sheridan Kidd Haack and Joseph W. Duris Open-File Report 2008–1189 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior DIRK KEMPTHORNE, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Mark D. Myers, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia 2008 For product and ordering information: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS Suggested citation: Haack, S.K., and Duris, Joseph W., 2008, Chemical and microbiological water quality of subsurface agricultural drains during a field trial of liquid dairy manure effluent application rate and varying tillage practices, Upper Tiffin Watershed, southeastern Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008– 1189, 38 p. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted -
Synthesis, Reactivity, and Catalysis of Group 3 and Lanthanide Alkyl Complexes
Synthesis, Reactivity, and Catalysis of Group 3 and Lanthanide Alkyl Complexes By Daniel Steven Levine A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor T. Don Tilley, Co-Chair Professor Richard A. Andersen, Co-Chair Professor Alexis T. Bell Summer 2016 Abstract Synthesis, Reactivity, and Catalysis of Group 3 and Lanthanide Alkyl Complexes by Daniel Steven Levine Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry University of California, Berkeley Professor T. Don Tilley, Co-Chair Professor Richard A. Andersen, Co-Chair Chapter 1. A series of scandium dialkyl complexes, (PNP)ScR2 (R = neopentyl, trimethylsilylmethyl), supported by the monoanionic, chelating PNP ligand (2,5- bis(dialkylphosphinomethyl)pyrrolide; alkyl = cyclohexyl, tert-butyl) was synthesized and the reactivities of these complexes toward simple hydrocarbons was investigated. The scandium– carbon bonds undergo σ-bond metathesis reactions with hydrogen and these complexes are catalysts for the hydrogenation of alkenes. Reactions with primary amines led to formation of amido complexes that undergo cyclometalation via σ-bond metathesis, without involvement of an imido complex intermediate. A variety of carbon-hydrogen bonds are also activated, including sp-, sp2-, and sp3-C–H bonds (intramolecularly in the latter case). Levine, D. S.; Tilley, T. D.; Andersen, R. A. Organometallics 2015, 34 (19), 4647. Chapter 2. Terminal group 3 methylidene complexes are generated by thermolysis of monoanionic PNP-supported scandium and yttrium dialkyl complexes. The reaction mechanism has been probed by deuterium-labeling experiments and DFT calculations. Abstraction of a γ- hydrogen from one alkyl group by the other affords a metallacyclobutane that undergoes [2+2] cycloreversion, analogous to a key step in the olefin metathesis reaction, to generate a methylidene complex and isobutene. -
(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7,906,710 B2 Karunanandaa Et Al
US00790671 OB2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7,906,710 B2 Karunanandaa et al. (45) Date of Patent: *Mar. 15, 2011 (54) TRANSGENIC PLANTS CONTAINING FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS ALTERED LEVELS OF STEROD EP 0486290 11, 1991 COMPOUNDS EP O480730 4f1992 JP O9121863 5, 1997 WO WO93,021.87 2, 1993 (75) Inventors: Balasulojini Karunanandaa, St. Louis, WO WO97/032O2 1, 1997 MO (US); Martha Post-Beittenmiller, WO WO97/34003 9, 1997 St. Louis, MO (US); Mylavarapu WO WO 98.45457 10, 1998 Venkatramesh, St. Louis, MO (US); WO WO99,04622 2, 1999 Ganesh M. Kishore, St. Louis, MO WO WOOOf 61771 10, 2000 (US); Gregory M. Thorne, St. Louis, WO WOO1/31027 3, 2001 MO (US); John R. LeDeaux, St. Louis, MO (US) OTHER PUBLICATIONS Bach et al., “Cloning of cDNAS or genes encoding enzymes of sterol (73) Assignee: Monsanto Company, St. Louis,MO biosynthesis from plants and other eukaryotes: heterologous expres (US) sion and complementation analysis of mutations for functional char acterization.” Progress in Lipid Research, 36(2/3): 197-226, 1997. (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this Bak et al., “Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of the patent is extended or adjusted under 35 obtusifoliol 14-alpha-demethylase of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. a cytochrome P450 orthologous to the sterol 14-alpha-demethylases This patent is Subject to a terminal dis (CYP51) from fungi and mammals.” Plant Journal, 11(2):191-201, claimer. 1997. Bak et al., “Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of the obtusifoliol 14-alpha-demethylase of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, (21) Appl. -
Selective Deoxygenation of Biomass‐Derived Bio‐Oils Within Hydrogen‐Modest Environments
Edinburgh Research Explorer Selective Deoxygenation of Biomass-Derived Bio-oils within Hydrogen-Modest Environments: A Review and New Insights Citation for published version: Rogers, K & Zheng, Y 2016, 'Selective Deoxygenation of Biomass-Derived Bio-oils within Hydrogen-Modest Environments: A Review and New Insights', Chemsuschem, vol. 9, DOI:10.1002/cssc.201600144, pp. 1750- 1772. <http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cssc.201600144/abstract> Link: Link to publication record in Edinburgh Research Explorer Document Version: Peer reviewed version Published In: Chemsuschem General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 07. Oct. 2021 DOI:10.1002/cssc.201600144 Reviews Selective Deoxygenation of Biomass-Derived Bio-oils within Hydrogen-Modest Environments:AReview and New Insights Kyle A. Rogers[a] and Ying Zheng*[a, b] ChemSusChem 2016, 9,1750 –1772 1750 2016 The Authors. PublishedbyWiley-VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim Reviews Research development of processes for refiningbio-oils is be- ing acombination of oxophilicity and an active metal phase comingincreasingly popular.One issue that these processes appear to be the most beneficial for selectivedeoxygenation possess is their high requirement for H2 gas. -
Phytosterols As Tracers of Terrestrial and Wetland Carbon to Ten Thousand Islands, Florida, USA
Phytosterols as tracers of terrestrial and wetland carbon to Ten Thousand Islands, Florida, USA: Implications for trophic resource use in the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica Derek J. Detweiler1, Ludovic Hermabessiere2, Patricia K. Goodman3, Aswani K. Volety1, Philippe Soudant2, Ai Ning Loh1 1 Center for Marine Science, University of North Carolina Wilmington 2 Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Environnement Marin, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale 3 Department of Marine and Ecological Sciences & Vester Field Station, Florida Gulf Coast University Background PRE-1900’s WATER FLOW Historic Flow Current Flow CERP Flow (U.S. Dept. Interior) Faka Union Canal (Everglades Foundation) CERP = Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan Rationale • The eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) • Distributed along Atlantic and Gulf coasts • Ecosystem service providers • Shoreline protection and stabilization • Water quality improvement • Substrate for mangrove propagation • “Canary in the coal mine” Condition indices for C. virginica in TTI oysters Loh et al. (2017) Volety et al. (2014) Rationale • Assessing oyster diet using phytosterols • Biochemicals in primary producers originating from C30 precursor • Well-preserved in estuarine environments • Determine organic matter sources – source specificity • Sterol proportions and configuration provides insight to community assemblages (uconn.edu) (sfsu.edu) (sms.si.edu) Bianchi and Canuel (2011) Objectives What is the pre-restoration impact on source contributions of terrestrial and aquatic organic matter as well as its quality and use as trophic resource? 1. Identify types and sources of sterols from POM, BMA, and oyster tissue. 2. Determine possible food source contributors to TTI. 3. Correlate biomarkers with food source quality. 4. Assess impact of altered freshwater discharge on C. -
Granny Smith
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Ethylene –dependent and –independent superfcial scald resistance mechanisms in ‘Granny Received: 19 March 2018 Accepted: 17 July 2018 Smith’ apple fruit Published: xx xx xxxx Evangelos Karagiannis1, Michail Michailidis1, Georgia Tanou1,2, Martina Samiotaki3, Katerina Karamanoli4, Evangelia Avramidou5, Ioannis Ganopoulos6, Panagiotis Madesis7 & Athanassios Molassiotis 1 Superfcial scald is a major physiological disorder of apple fruit (Malus domestica Borkh.) characterized by skin browning following cold storage; however, knowledge regarding the downstream processes that modulate scald phenomenon is unclear. To gain insight into the mechanisms underlying scald resistance, ‘Granny Smith’ apples after harvest were treated with diphenylamine (DPA) or 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), then cold stored (0 °C for 3 months) and subsequently were ripened at room temperature (20 °C for 8 days). Phenotypic and physiological data indicated that both chemical treatments induced scald resistance while 1-MCP inhibited the ethylene-dependent ripening. A combination of multi-omic analysis in apple skin tissue enabled characterization of potential genes, proteins and metabolites that were regulated by DPA and 1-MCP at pro-symptomatic and scald- symptomatic period. Specifcally, we characterized strata of scald resistance responses, among which we focus on selected pathways including dehydroabietic acid biosynthesis and UDP-D-glucose regulation. Through this approach, we revealed scald-associated transcriptional, proteomic and metabolic signatures and identifed pathways modulated by the common or distinct functions of DPA and 1-MCP. Also, evidence is presented supporting that cytosine methylation-based epigenetic regulation is involved in scald resistance. Results allow a greater comprehension of the ethylene– dependent and –independent metabolic events controlling scald resistance. -
Hydrothermal Catalytic Deoxygenation of Fatty Acids and Upgrading Algae Biocrude
Hydrothermal Catalytic Deoxygenation of Fatty Acids and Upgrading Algae Biocrude by Thomas M. Yeh A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Chemical Engineering) in the University of Michigan 2015 Doctoral Committee: Professor Suljo Linic, Co-chair Professor Phillip E. Savage, Co-chair Professor Adam J. Matzger Professor Levi T. Thompson © Thomas M. Yeh All rights reserved. 2015 To my family and friends. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank my committee members, Phil, Suljo, and Adam for their guidance and support during my time at Michigan. Each member has asked many thought pro- voking questions that have resulted in higher quality research. Their contributions have been instrumental to my success. My wife, Karen, has provided unending support throughout this time. She has been with me every step of the way, and she has never asked me the most dreaded question of the PhD student – “How’s your research going?”. My parents helped in the best way parents can – with free food. The skills my parents taught me through maintaining apartments has been used repeatedly in the lab through reactor construction and general equipment maintenance. Professional statistical analysis, career advice, and general support was al- ways a phone call away. My in-laws support has consistently far exceeded expec- tations over the years. The Savage and Linic group members have provided valuable feedback through discussions and thought provoking questions during group presentations. My friends provided much needed escapes from research. Leonid Pavlovsky introduced me to the art of beer brewing. As a result, I have slowly transformed into a beer snob, and Michelle Przybylek held a birthday party for me every year. -
Basic Research Needs for Catalysis Science
Basic Research Needs for Catalysis Science Report of the Basic Energy Sciences Workshop on Basic Research Needs for Catalysis Science to Transform Energy Technologies May 8–10, 2017 Image courtesy of Argonne National Laboratory. DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as an account of a workshop sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees or officers, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of document authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. Copyrights to portions of this report (including graphics) are reserved by original copyright holders or their assignees, and are used by the Government’s license and by permission. Requests to use any images must be made to the provider identified in the image credits. This report is available in pdf format at https://science.energy.gov/bes/community-resources/reports/ REPORT OF THE BASIC RESEARCH NEEDS WORKSHOP FOR CATALYSIS SCIENCE Basic Research Needs for Catalysis Science TO TRANSFORM ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES Report from the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences Workshop May 8–10, 2017, in Gaithersburg, Maryland CHAIR: ASSOCIATE CHAIRS: Carl A. -
Organic Materials for Electronic Devices
Organic Materials for Electronic Devices by Lichang Zeng Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy Supervised by Professor Shaw H. Chen and Professor Ching W. Tang Department of Chemical Engineering Arts, Sciences and Engineering Edmund A. Hajim School of Engineering and Applied Sciences University of Rochester Rochester, New York 2010 ii To my family iii CURRICULUM VITAE Lichang Zeng was born in 1978 in Fujian, China. In 2001, he received a Bachelors of Engineering degree in Polymer Materials from Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. He continued on at Zhejiang University receiving his Master of Science degree in 2004. He then moved to the University of Rochester to pursue his doctorate in Chemical Engineering under the joint supervision of Professors Shaw H. Chen and Ching W. Tang, receiving a Master of Science degree in 2009. His field of research was in organic electronic materials and devices. Selected Publications in Referee Journals 1. Zeng, L. C.; Tang, C. W.; Chen, S. H. “Effects of Active Layer Thickness and Thermal Annealing on Polythiophene:Fullerene Bulk Heterojunction Photovoltaic Cells.” Applied Physics Letters, 2010, 97, 053305. 2. Zeng, L. C.; Blanton, T. N.; Chen, S. H. “Modulation of Phase Separation between Spherical and Rod-Like Molecules Using Geometric Surfactancy.” Langmuir 2010, 26, 12877. 3. Zeng, L. C.; Lee, T. Y. S.; Merkel, P. B.; Chen, S. H. “A New Class of Non-Conjugated Bipolar Hybrid Hosts for Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes.” Journal of Materials Chemistry 2009, 19, 8772. 4. Zeng, L. C.; Yan, F.; Wei, S. K. H.; Culligan, S.