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Geographic Information System for Coastal Hazards - Application to a Pilot Site in Sri Lanka

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Geographic Information System for Coastal Hazards - Application to a Pilot Site in Sri Lanka Geographic Information System for Coastal Hazards - Application to a pilot site in Sri Lanka Final Report BRGM/RP-55553-FR June, 2007 Geographic Information System for Coastal Hazards - Application to a pilot site in Sri Lanka Final Report BRGM/RP-55553-FR June, 2007 M. Garcin, B. Prame, N. Attanayake, U. De Silva, J.F. Desprats, S. Fernando, M. Fontaine, D. Idier, N. Lenotre, R. Pedreros, C.H.E.R. Siriwardana Checked by: Approved by: Name: Oliveros C. Name: Modaressi H. Date: Date: Signature: Signature: BRGM's quality management system is certified ISO 9001:2000 by AFAQ Keywords: Sri Lanka, Coastal risks, Coastal hazards, Geographic Information System, Remote sensing, Tsunami, Storm surge, Coastline erosion. In bibliography, this report should be cited as follows: Garcin M., Prame B., Attanayake N., De Silva U., Desprats J.F., Fernando S., Fontaine M., Idier D., Lenotre N., Pedreros R., C.H.E.R. Siriwardana (2007) – A Geographic Information System for Coastal Hazards - Application to a pilot site in Sri Lanka (Final Report). BRGM Open file BRGM/RP-55553-FR, 124 p., 94 figs, 1 DVD. © BRGM, 2007. No part of this document may be reproduced without the prior permission of BRGM. GIS for Coastal Hazards – Application to a pilot site in Sri Lanka Synopsis he project « Geographic Information System for Coastal Hazards - Application to a T pilot site in Sri Lanka » was funded by the French Government, Ministère des Affaires Etrangères (MAE) and the BRGM. The contract between the MAE and the BRGM has been signed on November 15th, 2005, under the reference SME/PAF/SUB EJ/2005/2148. This project aims to design and develop an effective tool (coastal GIS) in order to prevent and mitigate the impact of natural hazards, as well as to optimize preparedness to a potential crisis. The coastal Geographic Information System (coastal GIS) has been built using homogeneous data on the land/sea interface. Relevant parameters can be cross-referenced so that the exposure of coastal populations to natural hazards can be studied. The GIS is a decision-support tool for policy-makers and political and economic decision-makers in the field of risk management and protection. The project's main objectives are: - to characterise the different coastal risks in the pilot site; - to contribute to the prevention and reduction of coastal risks, as part of a coastal defence plan; - to identify the probability of their occurrence and define the most exposed areas of the pilot site; - to provide managers with useful data and information on coastal areas, which can be directly used for the safety of people and goods as well as for including environmental constraints in territorial development planning at an early stage; - to build capacity in Sri Lanka’s technical departments (by transferring technology and know-how) to enable them to take over data input and use of the coastal risks GIS (cross-referencing of parameters); - to provide managers of the land/sea interface with guiding principles for preventive policies, as recommended by international bodies (information, training, regulations, etc.). The project has been divided in two successive phases, with ongoing training throughout these two phases. Phase 1 of the project focused on the configuration and architecture of the coastal GIS as well as on the definition of a pilot site and of the working program. Phase 2 focused on the creation of the GIS including field works. This project has been conducted in collaboration with the Geological Survey and Mines Bureau of Sri Lanka (GSMB, co-leader). Other organizations have also contributed in their own areas of expertise: - Coastal Conservation Department (CCD); BRGM/RP-55553-FR – Final Report 3 GIS for Coastal Hazards – Application to a pilot site in Sri Lanka - National Science Foundation (University of Moratuwa – Dept of civil engineering); - National Aquatic Ressources Research and Development Agency (NARA); - Meteorology Department. This report describes the various tasks carried out during the project and illustrates the GIS developed within the framework of this project. The DVD provided with this report includes the Coastal GIS and all the data acquired during the project. The GIS has been created with the ArcGIS 9.1 software from ESRI. 4 BRGM/RP-55553-FR – Final Report GIS for Coastal Hazards – Application to a pilot site in Sri Lanka Contents 1. The project ..............................................................................................................11 1.1. GENERAL OBJECTIVES ................................................................................11 1.2. PROJECT STRUCTURATION ........................................................................12 1.2.1. Phase 1: Choice of the Pilot site and definition of the GIS ..................13 1.2.2. Phase 2: GIS development and integration of the data .......................13 1.3. PROJECT ORGANIZATION ...........................................................................14 1.3.1. Project partners....................................................................................14 1.3.2. Project organization .............................................................................14 1.4. WORKING PROGRAM ...................................................................................16 1.4.1. First mission.........................................................................................16 nd th 1.4.2. 2 to 4 mission ..................................................................................16 1.4.3. Training in France ................................................................................17 2. Pilot site...................................................................................................................19 2.1. PRESENTATION.............................................................................................19 2.2. COASTAL PROCESSES, HAZARDS AND RISKS.........................................24 2.2.1. Definitions ............................................................................................24 2.2.2. Coastal processes characterization .....................................................25 2.3. COASTAL MULTI-HAZARDS MAPPING: THE PROBLEM ............................30 2.3.1. Proposal of the creation of a composite marine inundation hazard .....30 2.3.2. Classification of coastal hazard ...........................................................30 2.3.3. Two possible approaches of the cartography of marine inundation hazard..................................................................................................30 2.3.4. Evaluation of the elements at risk ........................................................31 2.3.5. The specific case of the coastline ........................................................32 3. GIS............................................................................................................................33 BRGM/RP-55553-FR – Final Report 5 GIS for Coastal Hazards – Application to a pilot site in Sri Lanka 3.1. BUILDING STEPS .......................................................................................... 33 3.2. LIFE CYCLE.................................................................................................... 33 3.3. MAIN TASKS .................................................................................................. 34 3.4. LAYERS OF THE COASTAL GIS................................................................... 37 3.4.1. Background folder ............................................................................... 37 3.4.2. Land use folder.................................................................................... 42 3.4.3. Coastal folder ...................................................................................... 45 3.4.4. Assets folder........................................................................................ 58 3.4.5. Elements at risk sub-folder.................................................................. 58 3.5. THE 100 M LIMIT............................................................................................ 63 3.6. DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED DURING GIS CONSTRUCTION............... 68 3.6.1. Location of data................................................................................... 68 3.6.2. Data format.......................................................................................... 68 3.6.3. Structure of numerical data ................................................................. 68 3.6.4. Coordinate system and accuracy in projection system ....................... 68 4. The Risk Scenario .................................................................................................. 71 4.1. VULNERABILITY FUNCTIONS ...................................................................... 71 4.1.1. Field work ............................................................................................ 71 4.1.2. Damage scale...................................................................................... 73 4.1.3. Building typologies............................................................................... 76 4.1.4. Vulnerability functions.......................................................................... 77 4.2. MODEL AND SCENARIO............................................................................... 82 4.2.1. The software: ARMAGEDOM.............................................................. 82 4.2.2. Testing on Unawatuna........................................................................
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