ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT
FOR THE PROPOSED
HARBOUR REDEVELOPMENT AT
MEEDHOO, DHAALU ATOLL
December 2020
Proponent
Ministry of National Planning, Housing and Infrastructure
Consultant
CDE Consulting, Maldives
މަޝްރޫޢުއިން ތަރައްޤީކުރުމުގެ އިތުރަށް ބަނދަރު މީދޫ .ދ
ރިޕޯޓު ޔާންކުރާ ބަ މިންވަރު އަސަރުކުރާނެ ތިމާވެށްޓަށް
2020 ޑިސެމްބަރ
: އެދިޔާރު މަޝްރޫޢުގެ
ީރްޓްސިނިމ ްފޮއ ްލަނަޝެނ ްގްނިނޭލްޕ ، ގްނިސުއަހ ްޑްނެއ ރަޗްކަރްޓްސާރްފްނިއ
: ކޮންސަލްޓަންޓް އޭ . އައި .އީ މަޝްރޫޢުގެ
ކޮންސަލްޓިންގ އީ .ޑީ .ސީ
EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... I LIST OF FIGURES ...... III LIST OF TABLES ...... IV ABBREVIATIONS ...... I ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...... II LEAD CONSULTANT’S DECLARATION ...... III PROPONENT’S DECLARATION ...... IV EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... V 1 INTRODUCTION ...... 1
1.1 PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES OF THE EIA ...... 1 1.2 TERMS OF REFERENCE ...... 1 1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE EIA ...... 1 1.1 STRUCTURE OF THE EIA ...... 2 1.4 ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY ...... 3 1.5 STUDY TEAM ...... 4 1.6 DESK REVIEW ...... 5 1.7 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY ...... 5 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...... 8
2.1 PROJECT TITLE ...... 8 2.2 PROPONENT ...... 8 2.3 PROJECT COST AND FINANCING ...... 8 2.4 PROJECT JUSTIFICATION ...... 8 2.5 PROJECT LOCATION ...... 9 2.6 PROJECT SCOPE SUMMARY ...... 13 2.7 PROJECT DESIGN ...... 14 2.8 PROJECT MANAGEMENT ...... 20 2.9 WORK SEQUENCE AND METHODOLOGY ...... 28 2.10 QUAY WALL CONSTRUCTION ...... 32 2.11 INSTALLATION OF HARBOUR FACILITIES ...... 34 2.12 DEMOBILIZATION ...... 34 2.13 HARBOUR OPERATION ...... 35 2.14 SUMMARY OF PROJECT INPUTS AND OUTPUTS ...... 35 3 POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK ...... 38
3.2 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT ...... 39 3.3 LAND ACQUISITION ...... 41 3.4 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION ...... 43 3.5 PHYSICAL CULTURAL RESOURCES ...... 45 3.6 LABOUR AND WORKING CONDITIONS ...... 46
Prepared by: CDE Consulting i EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
3.7 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY ...... 50 3.8 DREDGING AND MINING ...... 52 3.9 RESOURCE EFFICIENCY ...... 52 3.10 WASTE MANAGEMENT ...... 53 3.11 POLLUTION CONTROL ...... 55 3.12 CLIMATE CHANGE ...... 56 3.13 COMMUNITY HEALTH AND SAFETY ...... 57 4 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION ...... 62
4.1 KEY STAKEHOLDERS ...... 62 4.2 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS ...... 62 4.3 CONSULTATION WITH ISLAND COMMUNITY ...... 67 4.4 INTERNAL STAKEHOLDER MEETING ...... 70 4.5 MATERIALITY ISSUES ...... 74 5 ALTERNATIVES ...... 75
5.1 NO PROJECT ALTERNATIVE ...... 75 5.2 ALTERNATIVE HARBOUR DESIGN ...... 76 5.3 ALTERNATIVE DREDGING METHODS ...... 77 5.4 ALTERNATIVE SEDIMENTATION CONTROL MEASURES ...... 78 6 BASELINE ENVIRONMENT ...... 79
6.1 GEOLOGICAL SETTING OF MEEDHOO ...... 79 6.2 EXISTING HARBOUR CONDITION ...... 79 6.3 CLIMATE ...... 81 6.4 HYDROLOGY ...... 88 6.5 RISK OF NATURAL HAZARDS ...... 93 6.6 WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT ...... 94 6.7 BATHYMETRY ...... 96 6.8 BEACH ...... 97 6.9 BEACH PROFILES ...... 98 6.10 MARINE ENVIRONMENT ...... 101 6.11 MARINE PROTECTED AREAS AND ...... 109 6.12 ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS ...... 109 6.13 TERRESTRIAL ENVIRONMENT ...... 109 6.14 SOCIOECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT ...... 114 6.15 SITES WITH HISTORIC OR CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE ...... 123 7 IMPACT IDENTIFICATION ...... 124
7.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 124 7.2 IMPACT IDENTIFICATION AND EVALUATION ...... 124 7.3 EVALUATION OF CUMULATIVE IMPACTS ...... 125 8 SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS ...... 146
8.1 IMPACTS ON NATURAL ENVIRONMENT DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE ...... 146 8.2 IMPACTS ON SOCIOECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE ...... 151 8.3 IMPACTS ON NATURAL ENVIRONMENT DURING OPERATION PHASE ...... 153
Prepared by: CDE Consulting ii EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
8.4 IMPACTS ON SOCIOECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT DURING OPERATION PHASE ...... 154 9 IMPACT MITIGATION ...... 157
9.1 MITIGATION MEASURES FOR SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS DURING CONSTRUCTION STAGE ...... 157 9.2 MITIGATION MEASURES FOR SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS DURING OPERATION STAGE ...... 164 10 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 168
10.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ...... 168 10.2 MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE AND RESPONSIBILITIES ...... 169 10.3 NON-CONFORMANCES AND CORRECTIVE ACTION ...... 171 10.4 REPORTING ...... 171 10.5 GRIEVANCE MECHANISM ...... 180 11 ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PLAN ...... 182
11.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE MONITORING PLAN ...... 182 11.2 BEFORE CONSTRUCTION ...... 182 11.3 CONSTRUCTION PHASE MONITORING PLAN ...... 182 11.4 OPERATING PHASE MONITORING PLAN ...... 183 11.5 MONITORING REPORT ...... 196 11.6 STAFF REQUIREMENT ...... 196 11.7 SCHEDULE OF MONITORING REPORT ...... 196 11.8 COST OF MONITORING ...... 197 11.9 COMMITMENT TO MONITORING ...... 197 12 CONCLUSION ...... 198 13 REFERENCES ...... 200 APPENDIX A1 – APPROVED TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) ...... A APPENDIX A2 – ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY AND SURVEY LOCATION MAP ...... B APPENDIX A3 - CVS OF CONSULTANTS ...... C APPENDIX B1 – DETAILED SITE PLAN ...... D APPENDIX B2 – ALTERNATIVE SITE PLAN ...... E APPENDIX B3 – WORK SCHEDULE ...... F APPENDIX C1 – STAKEHOLDER MEETING MINUTES ...... G APPENDIX D – BASELINE ENVIRONMENT ...... H APPENDIX E – EIA SHARING WITH ATOLL COUNCIL ...... I
List of Figures
Figure 2.1 Project location ...... 11 Figure 2.2 Aerial Image of Project Site ...... 12 Figure 2.3 Originally proposed Site plan of the proposed harbour redevelopment ...... 16 Figure 2.4 Revised Site plan of the proposed harbour redevelopment ...... 19
Prepared by: CDE Consulting iii EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
Figure 2.5 Proposed area for temporary storage area and temporary work site ...... 25 Figure 6.1 Quay wall at the harbour ...... 80 Figure 6.2 Vessels docked at the harbour indicating shallowing of the harbour basin ...... 80 Figure 6.3 Wind Frequencies recorded at K. Hulhule’ from 1975 to 2019 ...... 83 Figure 6.4 Variation in rainfall at Hulhule every month from 1975-2019 (Source: MET, 2020) 84 Figure 6.5 Annual Rainfall at K. Hulhule’ (1975 – 2019; Source: MMS) ...... 85 Figure 6.6 Total Rainfall at L.Kahdhoo (2019; Source: MMS) ...... 85 Figure 6.7 Total Annual Rainfall at L.Kahdhoo (1990-2019; Source: MMS) ...... 86 Figure 6.8 Mean temperature by year in Hulhule’- 1975-2019 (Source:MET, 2020) ...... 87 Figure 6.9 Monthly temperature at Hulhule in 2019 (Source: MET 2020) ...... 87 Figure 6.10 Tide Measurements at Hulhule’ – 3 August 2020 – 16 August 2020 (Source:IOC Sea Level) ...... 88 Figure 6.11 Estimated waves at project site ...... 91 Figure 6.12 currents measured at project location ...... 92 Figure 6.13 Coastal Modifications ...... 99 Figure 6.14 Shoreline changes ...... 100 Figure 6.15Benthic substrate composition along T-1 (1.5m) in August 2020...... 102 Figure 6.16 Benthic substrate composition along T-2 (2 m) in August 2020...... 103 Figure 6.17 Benthic substrate composition along T-3 (1.5m) in August 2020...... 104 Figure 6.18 Benthic substrate composition along T-4 (1.5m) in August 2020...... 105 Figure 6.19 Benthic substrate composition along T- 5 (1.5m) in August 2020 ...... 106 Figure 6.20 Vegetation to the north of the harbour basin ...... 110 Figure 6.21 Vegetation to the north of the harbour basin ...... 110 Figure 6.22 Vegetation at the beaching area ...... 111 Figure 6.23 Areas which requires vegetation removal ...... 113 Figure 6.24 Resident population by locality in Dhaalu Atoll (Source: Census 2014) ...... 114 Figure 6.25 Population pyramid (source: Census 2014) ...... 115 Figure 6.26 Projected Resident Population of Dh.Meedhoo ...... 116 Figure 6.27 Main Employment Sectors in Dh.Meedhoo ...... 118 Figure 6.28 Number of fishermen by atoll between 2016 and 2017 ...... 119 Figure 6.29 Top 5 Nationalities for Expatriate Employment in Maldives (NBS, 2020) ...... 120 Figure 7.1 Affected areas of the project ...... 126 Figure 10.1 Environmental Management Strategy flow diagram ...... 169 Figure 10.2 Environmental Management Plan for construction and operation phase ...... 172
List of Tables
Table 1.1 Limitations of the Study ...... 6 Table 2.1 Key details about the project location ...... 9
Prepared by: CDE Consulting iv EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
Table 2.2 Original Dredging and Reclamation specifications ...... 14 Table 2.3 Breakwater, Revetments, and Quay wall ...... 14 Table 2.4 Summary of changes to harbour plan ...... 17 Table 2.5 Revised Dredging and Reclamation specifications ...... 18 Table 2.6 Revised Breakwater, Revetments, and Quay wall...... 18 Table 2.7 List of equipment that will be used ...... 27 Table 2.8 Major Project Inputs during construction stage ...... 35 Table 2.9 Major project outputs during construction stage ...... 36 Table 2.10 Major project inputs during operation stage ...... 37 Table 2.11 Major outputs during operation stage ...... 37 Table 3.1 Summary of laws and regulations that are relevant for this project ...... 59 Table 4.1 Summary of findings from stakeholder consultations ...... 64 Table 4.2 Summary of findings from community consultation meeting ...... 68 Table 4.3 Summary of discussion of the meeting with internal stakeholders ...... 71 Table 4.4 Materiality issues ...... 74 Table 5.1 Summary of 'No Project' alternative ...... 75 Table 5.2: Summary of dredging options ...... 77 Table 5.3 Summary of sediment containment measures ...... 78 Table 6.1Summary of meteorological information of K. Hulhule’ (Maldives Meteorological Service, 2019) ...... 81 Table 6.2Summary of General Wind Conditions from National Meteorological Centre ...... 82 Table 6.3 Tidal Variations at Hulhule’ International Airport ...... 88 Table 6.4 Ground water quality results ...... 95 Table 6.5 Marine water quality results assessed at MWSC ...... 95 Table 6.6 Summary of live coral cover and fish census survey (August 2020) ...... 101 Table 6.7 Flora inventory of Proposed project site(s) ...... 111 Table 6.8 Vessel Inventory ...... 116 Table 6.9 Type of water used for cooking and Drinking ...... 122 Table 7.1 Impacts during construction stage ...... 127 Table 7.2 Impacts during operations stage ...... 129 Table 7.3 Evaluation of impacts during construction stage ...... 130 Table 7.4 Evaluation of impacts during operation phase ...... 140 Table 9.1 Mitigation measures for impacts during construction stage ...... 157 Table 9.2 Mitigation measures for impacts during operation stage ...... 164 Table 10.1 Environmental & Social management plan for construction and operation phase .. 173 Table 11.1 Monitoring Schedule for Pre-Construction Stage (if required) ...... 184 Table 11.2 Monitoring Schedule for Construction Stage ...... 187 Table 11.3 Monitoring Schedule for Operation Stage ...... 192
Prepared by: CDE Consulting v EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
Table 11.4 Schedule of monitoring report submission ...... 196
Prepared by: CDE Consulting vi EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
Abbreviations
EIA Envrionmental Impact Assessment EPA Envrionmental Protection Agency GPS Global Positioning System HCFC Hydrochlorofluorocarbons HPA Health Protection Agency IOM International Organisation for Migration IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature ILO International Labour Organisation LRA Labour Relations Authority ME Ministry of Environment MNPHI Ministry of National Planning, Housing and Infrastructure MSL Mean Sea Level MVR Maldivian Rufiyaa MWSC Maldives Water and Sewerage Company NBS National Bureau of Statistics TPH Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon ToR Term of Reference UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol WHO World Health Organisation
Prepared by: CDE Consulting i EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
Acknowledgements
The lead author of this report is Ms. Mariyam Hana Saeed
Additional assessments were undertaken by the following team members.
1. Dr. Ahmed Shaig (Coastal Impact Assessment)
2. Ms. Fathimath Yamna Mohamed (Report writing)
3. Mr. Mamdhooh Saeed (Climate data assessment)
4. Ms. Maasa Ali (Geographic Information Systems, Report writing)
5. Mr. Ali Moosa (Bathymetry, aerial photography)
6. Mr. Mohamed Ali (Marine Assessment and currents assessment)
Prepared by: CDE Consulting ii EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
Lead Consultant’s Declaration
I certify that statements made in this Environment Impact Assessment are true, complete and correct to the best of my knowledge and available information.
Mariyam Hana Saeed
Prepared by: CDE Consulting iii EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
Proponent’s Declaration
As the proponent of the proposed project, I guarantee that I have read the report thoroughly and that to the best of my knowledge all information provided here is accurate and complete.
(Please refer to next page)
Prepared by: CDE Consulting iv
EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
Executive Summary
This Environmental Impact Assessment has been prepared for the redevelopment of a harbour in Meedhoo, Dhaalu atoll. The proponent for the project is the Ministry of National Planning, Housing and Infrastructure (MNPHI) and the project has been financed by the Government of Maldives and it is worth MVR 34 Million. The contractor is MTCC Pvt Ltd. It is expected that the harbour will be completed in approximately one year.
The proposed project involves redeveloping the existing harbour in the western side of the island by expanding the basin and dredging the existing basin to -3 m MSL. Elements for coastal protection and overall stability of the harbour include building a 373 m breakwater in the harbour expansion area, a 234 m quay wall at the new basin, a 35 m revetment at the new basin and a 60 m quay wall at the northern end of the existing basin. Support facilities for the harbour include installing drainage tanks around the quay wall, constructing a pavement, installing mooring hooks, harbour lights, navigation lights and a ramp.
The key stakeholders for this project include; the proponent, Ministry of Environment, National Disaster Management Authority, the island community of Meedhoo particularly those who will be using the harbour frequently such as fisherman, traders and ferry and cargo boat operators; the Island Council of Meedhoo and Dhaalu Atoll Council.
The main concerns of stakeholders with regards to the existing harbour basin was the inadequate size of the basin, low breakwater and sediment inflow into the basin. Meedhoo is a fisheries island with a growing fleet of fishing vessels, the basin is inadequate for the demand for harbour use. There were concerns and differences in opinion within the community regarding the proposed harbour design. The main concerns were regarding the placement of the proposed quay wall, loss of the beaching area and erosion of the reclaimed recreational land area. Recommendations received included incorporating a T-Jetty into the design.
Based on the concerns raised by the island community regarding the proposed design, an alternative concept design has been proposed in the EIA in coordination with the proponent and the contractor. The alternative concept also takes into account some of the critical elements in the design in relation to environmental processes. Hence, in this concept the length of the quaywall
Prepared by: CDE Consulting v EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll is shortened to 189 m, a T-jetty is proposed, recreational area is enhanced and groynes have been proposed to mitigate erosion and sediment movement. The alternative has been approved by the proponent, contractor and the Island Council.
The project is in conformance with key laws and regulation including Environment Protection and Preservation Act, Environment Impact Assessment Regulation, Coral and Sand Mining Regulation, Regulation on the Safety Standard for Construction Work, Regulation for Cutting Down, Uprooting, Digging Out and Export of Trees and Palms from One Island to Another and Act on Decentralizing the Administrative Divisions of Maldives.
The main impact during the construction phase would be the impacts on marine biodiversity due dredging and reclamation activities. Sea mounts within the basin will not be removed as there is sufficient space to allow for safe vessel movement. There are potential health and safety risks to the worker and challenges in using the harbour during construction stage. Mitigation measures for these impacts include placement of bund walls around the project footprint to minimize sedimentation and turbidity impacts, carrying out construction activities during calm weather conditions, providing PPE for workers establishing a grievance mechanism to capture and address grievances.
The main impacts during operation phase of the harbour are mainly positive with enhanced usability of the harbour. Mitigation measures for these impacts include finishing the project at earliest timeframe and monitoring and undertaking maintenance measures to sustain the standard of the harbour.
It is expected that the project will enhance usability of the harbour and bring substantial benefits to the island. It is recommended to go ahead with the project and implement the project in the shortest timeframe. It is also recommended to implement the mitigation measures, management and monitoring plan described in this EIA.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting vi EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
ހުލާސާ ާ ދ ސާ
މިންވަރު އަސަރުކުރާނެ ތިމާވެށްޓަށް މަޝްރޫޢުއިން ތަރައްގީކުރުމުގެ އިތުރަށް ބަނދަރު ގައި މީދޫ .ދ ރިޕޯޓަކީ މިދިރާސާ
ެގުމުރުކްނަޒަވ ްނުތޮގ ާވިއަފިވެރުކ ެވެކެއާސާރިދ . ިމ ެގުޢޫރްޝަމ ީކަރާޔިދެއ ީރްޓްސިނިމ ްފޮއ ްލަނަޝޭނ ގްނިނޭލްޕ ، ްގްނިސުއަހ
މައިގަނޑު މިރިޕޯޓުގެ . މިޓެޑްއެވެ ލި ޕްރައިވެޓް އެމްޓީޓީސީ ކީ ކޮންޓްރެކްޓަރަ މަޝްރޫޢުގެ މި . އެވެ އިންފްރާސްޓްރަކްޗަރ އެންޑް
ޕްރޮޓެކްޝަން އެންވަޔަރަމެންޓް މައުލޫމާތުތައް ބޭނުންވާ ހުއްދައަށް ތިމާވެށީގެ ބޭނުންވާ ހިންގުމަށްޓަކައި ޢު މަޝްރޫ ބޭނުމަކީ
ް ނ ު ރ ާ ކ ު ރ ސަ މިމަޝްރޫއަކީ . ނިމިގެންދާނެއެވެ މަޝްރޫއު ތެރޭގައި އަހަރު އެއް ލަފާކުރެވިފައިވާގޮތުން . ހުށަހެޅުމެވެ އޭޖެންސީއަށް
ފ. ރުފިޔާއެވެ މިލިޔަން 34 އަގަކީ މަޝްރޫޢުގެ އަދި . މަޝްރޫއެކެވެ ހިންގާ ކޮށްގެން ހަރަދު
ބަނދަރު ފުޅާކޮށް ބަނދަރު ފަރާތުގައިވާ ހުޅަނގު ރަށުގެ ތެރޭގައި މަސައްކަތްތަކުގެ ހަމަޖެހިފައިވާ ކުރުމަށް ދަށުން މަޝްރޫއުގެ
ްނުރުކްނުފ ެވެއެނެމިހ . ެގުއޫރްޝަމ ްނުށަދ 373 ެގުރަޓީމ ުރޭބ ްއެޓްށޮތ ، ުރަދނަބ ާރުކުޑޮބ ަސ ރ ަ ހ ަ އ ް ދ ު ގ ަ އ ި 234 ެގުރަޓީމ
ެއ ެރެތ ެޓްށޮތ ްއ ، 35 ެގުރަޓީމ ްއެޓްނަމްޓެވިރ ިދައ ަދނަބ ެގުރ ުރުތުއ ިއަގުތާރަފ 60 ެގުރަޓީމ ެރެތެއ ްއެޓްށޮތ ްނުހެޖ
ެވެއެނެމިހ ިދައ ެގީމ ްނުރުތިއ ަގްއެއ ުމ ިއާޓްށޮތ ްނިއ ްނެގެވ ްއެރާވުދ ިއާމުދެހ ، ާދުމ ްށަމުލޭބ ެނާރުކްނުނޭބ ްއެޕްމޭރ ިދައ
ޔ. ހަމަޖެހިފައެވެ ވަނީ ޖެހުމަށްވެސް ބައްތި ނެރު ނިޒާމަކާއި . ފެންހިންދާ
ިއާއުޢޫރްޝަމިމ ިރުހްނުޅުގ ޭހެބިއާމަކ ެގުކަތްތާރަފ ިއަގޭރެތ ުޑނަގިއަމ ިއަގްއެތޮގ ީނެނެމިހ ެގުޢޫރްޝަމ ުރާޔިދެއ ، ީރްޓްސިނިމ
ްފޮއ ްޓްނަމަރަޔަވްނިއ ، ްލަނަޝެނ ރަޓްސާޒިޑ ްޓްނަމްޖޭނެމ ީޓިރޯތޮއ ، ދ. ެގޫދީމ ްނުތިޔްއަރ ، ުރަދނަބ ްށޮކުމްއާއ ާރުކްނުނޭބ
ްއަތްތާރަފ ( ްނިރެވްސަމ ، ްނިރެވިރާފަޔިވ ިދައ ުޓޯބ ާރުކުރުތަދ ްއަތްތާރަފ )، ދ. ޫދީމ ުށަރ ްލިސްނުއަކ ިދައ ދ. ޮތައ ުޅ
. . ކައުންސިލްއެވެ
ެގުއޫރްޝަމ ުކެއާންނުރަޑްލޯހްކޭޓްސ ިވްއޭބ ްނުކަތްނުވުލަދްއަބ ުނުވެލްށޮކަގަހާފ ަގިއަމ ޑނ ު ެގުކަތްއަތްނަކ ިއަގޭރެތ ، ާހިމ ުރ
ުރަދނަބ ިއަގުމުރުކްނުނޭބ ާވާމިދ ެގުކަތިތަދ ިއަގޭރެތ ިއަގުރަދނަބ ަގާޖ ްނުތެނ ، ުރަދނަބ ްނުވަލިތ ިދައ ުރޭބ ިށޮތ ްނިތަމ
ްނުހެޖުޅާރ ެވެއެނެމިހ . ޫދީމ ީކައ ްނަކިރެވްސަމ ާރުކ ، ުރަހަފިނޯދްސަމ ަނިގ ްނުމުވްށަކަށަރ ިދައ ެގުށަރ ުރަހަފިނޯދްސަމ
ޑިޒައިންއާ ހުށަހަޅާފައިވާ ހެދުމަށް ބަނދަރު މިހާރު . ދިމާވެއެވެ ދަތިކަން ޖާގައިގެ ބަނދަރުގައި މިހާރުގެ އިތުރުވަމުންދާތީ
Prepared by: CDE Consulting vii EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
އުތުރު ބަނދަރުގެ ތެރޭގައި ކަންބޮޑުބުންތަކުގެ . ތަފާތުވުންތައްވެއެވެ ހިޔާލު އަދި ކަންބޮޑުވުންތައް ރައްޔިތުންގެ ރަށުގެ ތުން ގުޅޭގޮ
ަފ ްތާރ ްނަދަހ ާވިއަފާމްނިނ ީކަތޮގ ެމްނެއ ުޅަގނަރ ްށަތޮގ ުވުނ ްނ ، ުރަހަފިނޯދ ާލެހެއ ަސ ރ ަ ހ ަ އ ް ދ ު ްނުލްއެގ ިދައ ާވިއަފާކްއިހ
ހހ . ހިމެނެއެވެ ހެދުން ޖެޓީއެއް ޓީ ތެރޭގައި ތަކުގެ ހިޔާލު އް ބައެ ރައްޔިތުންގެ . ހިމެނެއެވެ ގިރުން ރަށް
ޕްލޭނިންގ ބަދަލުތައްވާނީ ގެނެވިދާނެ މަޝްރޫއަށް ވިސްނާފައި ކަންތައްތަކަށް ކުރެއްވި ފާހަގަ ހޯލްޑަރުން ް ކ ޭ ޓ ސް މަޝްރޫއުގެ
މީޓަރަށް 189 އެތެރެތޮށި ޑިޒައިންގައި މި . ހިމަނާފައެވެ ރިޕޯޓުގައި މި ހުށައަޅާފައި އަށް ސީ .ސީ .ޓީ . އެމް އަދި މިނިސްޓްރީ
ިވެލްށޮކުރުކ ިދައ ީޓ ީޓެޖ ްއެއ ެވެއެނާވިއަފާނަމިހ . ެގީމ ްނުރުތިއ ، ިއަގުށަރ ްނުތިޔްއަރ ްށަމުވުލިފިހޫފިނުމ ާރުކްނުނޭބ
ަސ ރ ަ ހ ަ އ ް ދ ު ުޑޮބ ްށޮކ ، ްށަރ ްނުރިގ ަޑުކ ްށަމުރުކ ްނިއޯރްގ ްށަމުޓްއެހެބ ެވެއެނާވިއަފާޅައަށުހ . ަތޮގިމ ްށ ްނިއަޒިޑ ްށަމުރުކުލަދަބ
ިއާރާޔިދެއ ، ރަޓްކެރްޓްނޮކ ިދައ ުށަރ ްނުލިސްނުއަކ ީނަވ ެވެއަފެވްސަބްއެއ .ނ
ގޮތުގެ ކަނޑައެޅިފައިވާ މަސައްކަތްކުރުމަށް ގަވާއިދުތަކުގައި ގާނޫނުތަކާއި ދިވެހިރާއްޖޭގެ މަސައްކަތަކީ ކުރާ ދަށުން މިމަޝްރޫއުގެ
ގެ ދިވެހިރާއްޖޭ : ގަވައިދުތަކަކީ ގާނޫނުތަކާއި މުހިންމުވާ އެންމެ މިމަޝްރުއުއަށް އެގޮތުން . މަސައްކަތްތަކެކެވެ ކުރެވިގެންދާނެ ދަށުން
ާމިތ ިށެވ ްށޮކިރެތާކްއަރ ޭހެބާމުޓްއެހެމެދ ާޤ ުނޫނ ، ްށަޓްށެވާމިތ ާރުކުރަސައ ުރަވްނިމ ާރުކްނާޔަބ ުޓޯޕިރ ާޔިލ ުދިއާވަގ ، ެގޭޖްއާރ
ްނުހީމ ޭޅުއ ްނުށަރްށަރ ިއާލަގ ، ިއާޔްއެވ ، ިރިކައ ޭހެބާމުގެނ ުނޫނާޤ ، ެގުމުރުކްތާރާމިއ ީލަމައ ިއަގުމުރުކްތަކްއަސަމ ޭހެޖްނެޅުގްނެގ
ަސ ލ ާ މ ަ ތ ީ ެގުކަތުޑނަގްނިމ ުދިއާވަގ ، ްސަގްއުރ ިއާމުޑނެކ އ، ު ުފ ުރ ާމ ިއ ، ްނެގެނޮކ ިއާމުގެނ ްނުށަރްއެއ ްށަށަރްއެނައ ޭހެބާމުއިދްނެގ
ުދިއާވަގ ، ިދައ ެގޭޖްއާރިހެވިދ ީރާދިއ ްއަތާރިއާދ ީޒަކުރަމާލ ްނުލޫޞުއ ެގުމުގްނިހ ެވެނޫނާގ .ސ
މާހައުލަށް އަދި ދިރުންތަކަށް ފަޅުގެ ފަރާއި ތެރޭގައި އަސަރުތަކުގެ ނޭދެވޭ ނެ ކޮށްފާ މަރުހަލާގައި ހިންގުމުގެ ް ތ ަ ކ ް އ ސަ މަ
ްނުވްނުލްއެގ ެވެއެނެމިހ . ުރަދނަބ ިއަގޭރެތ ިރިގ ،ްސެވަމަނިރުހ ްށަރަހަފިނޯދ ެވުންއެމުލްއެގ ެގުރަވެނޭވެރުކުރުތަދ ްއެއަގާޖ
މަސައްކަތްކުރާ ތެރޭގައި އަސަރުތަކުގެ ނޭދެވޭ ދިމާވެދާނެ މަރުހަލާގައި ހިންގުމުގެ މަސައްކަތް . ނުނެގޭނެއެވެ ގިރިތައް މި އޮތުމުން
ްށަކަތްތާރަފ ްސެވްނުވާޔިނައ ެވެއެނެމިހ .. ަދަފިމ ްއަތުރަސައ ްށަމުރުކަޑުކ ްޑްނަބ ްލޯވ ްނުހެޖ ، ްނުސޫމ ަރ ގނ ަ ޅ ު ުރަވްސަވުދ
ްތަކްއަސަމ ްށައިރުކ ްނުއިދްނެގ ، ްށްމުވިރެތާކްއަރ ްނުނޭބ ާރުކ ިތެކަތ ަމ ަސ އ ް ކ ަ ތ ް ކ ު ރ ާ ްށަކަތްތާރަފ ްނުނިދްށޮކުރޯފ ިދައ
ސ. ހިމެނެއެވެ ގާއިމްކުރުން ނިޒާމެއް ހިއްސާކުރާނެ ކަންބޮޑުވުންތައް ފަރާތްތަކުގެ މަސައްކަތްކުރާ
. . ދާނެއެވެ ފަސޭހަވެގެން ބޮޑުތަން ވަރަށް ފަރާތްތަކަށް ބޭނުންކުރާ ބަނދަރު ފެށުމުން ބޭނުންކުރަން ތަރައްޤީކޮށް ބަނދަރު
ްނުމަކްނެހެއ ، ީވ ެމްނެއ ައ ްށަކަހަވ ުރަދނަބ ާދަހ ްނުމްނިނ ިދައ ުރަދނަބ ްށަމުޓްއެހެލެބ ޭހެޖްނަރުކ ްއަތްތަކްއަސަމ
ނ. މުހިއްމެވެ ވަރަށް ގަވާއިދުންކުރުން
Prepared by: CDE Consulting viii EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
ިމ ެގުއޫރްޝަމ ަސ ބ ަ ބ ު ނ ް ްށަށަރ ްށަރަވ ިތެޑޮބ ްއެކަތަހޭސަފ ެގިބިލ ެވެއެނާދްނ . ްނުމަކްނެހެއ ، ޯޕިރިމ ުޓ ިއަގ ާފަލ
ގައި ޕްލޭން މޮނިޓަރިންގް އަދި މެނޭޖަމަންޓް އަދި ކަންތައްތައް ކުރެވިދާނޭ ކުޑަކުރުމަށް އަސަރުތައް ނޭދެވޭ ށް ދީފައިވާގޮތަ
ާވިއަފާނަމިހ ްށަކަތްނަކ ްނެގިއަލަބ ، ްށަތްއަތްނަކެއ ުހަފްށަމުރުކ ުޢޫރްޝަމިމ ްށައިރުކ ަމުއިދްނެގ ްށ ެވެމެދާފަލ .މ
Prepared by: CDE Consulting ix EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
1 INTRODUCTION
This Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is prepared for the redevelopment of the harbour at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll. Ministry of National Planning, Housing and Infrastructure commissioned this EIA. The EIA report was prepared by CDE Consulting, Male’, Maldives. This report was prepared during November-December 2020.
1.1 Purpose and Objectives of the EIA
Ministry of National Planning, Housing and Infrastructure is requesting for environmental clearance for redevelopment of the existing harbour project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll. This report has been prepared in accordance with the Environmental Protection and Preservation Act (04/93) and Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations 2012. The proposed redevelopment project will require a Decision Note from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to operate.
The purpose of the EIA is to ensure the environmental and socio-economic impacts and risks of the redevelopment project are identified, avoided, minimized, reduced or mitigated. This EIA report has been prepared as a tool to evaluate the potential environmental and socio- economic impacts of the proposed harbour redevelopment in Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll. The EIA contains location specific actions to ensure that harbour is managed and operated in a sustainable manner. The EPA will review and provide either the Decision Statement or request for any additional information within 5 working days of EIA report submission. The construction work can only begin once the DS is issued by EPA to the proponent.
1.2 Terms of Reference
This EIA report is developed based on Terms of Reference (TOR) number 203- ECA/471/2020/197 issued by the EPA of Government of the Maldives on 12 June 2020. A scoping meeting was not held for this project due to Covid-19 Pandemic.
1.3 Objectives of the EIA
The objective of the EIA is to assess the environmental and socio-economic impacts associated with the redevelopment of the harbour and to identify measures to address and mitigate the negative impacts. The specific objectives are as follows:
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 1 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
o Describe the rationale of the Project o Describe the layout of the proposed harbour o Describe coastal structure construction methodology o Describe dredging methodology o Identify the relevant environmental laws, regulations, policies, guidelines and procedures applicable to the project; o Conduct stakeholder consultations and engagement, organise disclosure of information; o Conduct baseline assessment of the project and describe the existing condition of the site including climate, hazard vulnerability, marine water quality, ground water quality, marine biodiversity, coastal conditions and identification of vegetation and existing infrastructure at the site. o Identify and assess the potential environmental and social impacts due to project implementation; Minimize potential negative environmental and social impacts as a result of either individual project or cumulative effects; Enhance positive environmental and social outcomes; o Prepare the environmental and social mitigation plans to address the adverse impacts; describe the implementation and institutional arrangements for managing environmental and social impacts; Ensure that environmental and related social issues are thoroughly evaluated, and necessary interventions are incorporated in the planning, decision-making, and implementation of project activities; o Provide information on the consideration of alternatives to avoid and minimize the environmental impacts. o Provide a monitoring framework to monitor the significant impacts during construction and operation stage.
1.1 Structure of the EIA
o Chapter 2 provides a detailed description of the project. o Chapter 3 provides the legal and regulatory considerations and principles. o Chapter 4 presents the stakeholder views and concerns o Chapter 5 presents the assesses alternatives for the proposed project and presents design alternatives o Chapter 6 presents the site baseline environmental and social conditions. o Chapter 7 identifies and evaluates potential impacts from the project o Chapter 8 presents the significant impacts from the project
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 2 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
o Chapter 9 provides the mitigation measures for the project o Chapter 10 details the management plan for the project o Chapter 11 identifies the critical issues that require monitoring
1.4 Assessment Methodology
This EIA is broadly guided by the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Regulations 2012 and the subsequent 05 amendments to the regulation. The process followed in the preparation of this EIA report consists of seven parts. These are: (1) Review of applicable laws and regulations; (2) Key stakeholder consultations; (3) Literature review; (4) Scoping meetings; (5) Field surveys; (6) Analysis of results; (7) Public hearing (if any)
1 Literature Review - A literature review was conducted to acquire background information on the site and its environment as well as to identify possible environmental impacts of similar developments in island settings. In this context, the EIA Regulations 2012, previous impact assessment reports for the project site, best practices from similar development activities, scientific studies undertaken in similar settings around Maldives and previous documents/historical publications was considered.
2 Laws and regulations were reviewed for this assessment: Identify relevant national laws, regulations and guidelines that are relevant to the scope and components of the project.
3 Stakeholder Consultation - In order to conduct a broad based and inclusive study, the proponent and the consultant have from the onset ensured the impact assessment is participatory. As such, discussions have been held with key stakeholders in the projects area.
The approach for stakeholder consultations was to have open and honest conversations with key stakeholders on issues that matter to them and those that are of material value for the project. The external primary stakeholders were segmented into two groups, of which the first group comprise of regulators, the second group comprise of stakeholders that are directly and indirectly affected by the outcomes of the project. The key stakeholders comprise the following:
The external primary stakeholders comprise of the local community of Meedhoo, fishermen, wholesale and retail traders, ferry and cargo boat operators, Ministry of Environment, Maldives Marine Research Institute, National Disaster Management Authority. With all stakeholders,
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 3 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll interviews were undertaken with the relevant person representing the portfolio of responsibilities.
4 The scoping meeting for this EIA was not held for this EIA due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Comments for the ToR was acquired via email and EPA issued the TOR 203- ECA/471/2020/197 for this EIA on 12 June 2020. The assessment specifically adheres to the TOR issued by the EPA. The approved ToR is attached in Appendix A1.
5 Field survey - surveys were undertaken at the project site from 18th – 19th August 2020. Field assessments mainly covered bathymetry, marine assessment, beach assessment, aerial imagery and assessment of current at the project site. Detailed survey methodology is attached in Appendix A2
6 Impact analysis - Assessments of the impacts are conducted using the four criteria of (1) Magnitude which refers to the quantum of change that will be experienced as a consequence of the impact, (2) Reversibility: Refers to the degree of reversibility of an impact (i.e. ease of reversing the conditions), (3) Duration: Refers to the temporal scale (i.e. duration, frequency) of the impact. It does not take into account the duration of the impact’s effects, (4) Distribution: Refers to the spatial scale of the area impacted (e.g. a small portion of a reef or an entire lagoon)
Estimates for negative impacts represent a ‘worst case scenario’ based on the assumption that the project will undergo full-scale development with no consideration for its environmental and social consequences, i.e. significance is assessed prior to implementation of mitigation measures. Values are attributed by the EIA team on the basis of direct observation of surveyed sites, professional judgment and pre-existing experience in development projects of similar nature.
7 Reporting – The EIA is report is prepared and presented as per the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Regulations 2012 and the subsequent 05 amendments to the regulation.
1.5 Study Team
The team members of this EIA are:
1. Dr. Ahmed Shaig (Coastal Impact Assessment and Evaluation)
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 4 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
2. Ms.Mariyam Hana Saeed (Lead EIA Consultant)
3. Ms. Fathimath Yamna Mohamed (Report writing)
4. Mr. Mamdhooh Saeed (Climate data assessment)
5. Ms. Maasa Ali (Geographic Information Systems, Report writing)
6. Mr. Ali Moosa (Bathymetry, aerial photography)
7. Mr. Mohamed Ali (Marine Assessment and currents assessment)
1.6 Desk Review
The following projects were reviewed for the preparation of this report;
1. EIA for the proposed reclamation of 15 hectares at Meedhoo island, Dhaalu Atoll, 2013 2. EIA for the proposed harbour project in Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll, 2011 3. EIA for the redevelopment of harbour in Foakaidhoo, Shaviyani Atoll, 2020 4. EIA for the redevelopment of harbour and placement of shore protection measures in Felidhoo, Vaavu Atoll, 2019 5. EIA for the development of harbour in Omadhoo, Thaa Atoll, 2019
1.7 Limitation of the study
Environmental impact prediction involves a certain degree of uncertainty as the natural and anthropogenic impacts can vary from place to place due to even slight differences in ecological, geomorphological or social conditions in a particular place. The amount of data and information about the project site is also limited which makes it challenging to predict impacts and recommend appropriate mitigation measures accurately. Hence, it is important to consider that there will be uncertainties and mandatory monitoring of processes and outcomes as described in the monitoring programme is absolutely essential.
Additionally, the EIA was undertaken during Covid 19, which made it challenging to travel to the project site and conduct stakeholder and public meetings as usual. Meetings with the public were held virtually via phone conferences which limited accessibility to a large group of people within the community.
1.7.1 Uncertainties in Impact Prediction
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 5 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
Environmental impact prediction involves a certain degree of uncertainty as the natural and anthropogenic impacts can vary from place to place due to even slight differences in ecological, geomorphological or social conditions in a particular place. As noted earlier, there is also no long term data and information regarding the particular site under consideration, which makes it difficult to predict impacts. It is important to consider that there will be uncertainties and voluntary monitoring of natural processes as described in the monitoring programme is absolutely essential.
Project information and planning and background data were not fully prepared or decided during the conduction of this study. However, available documents in connection with data provided particularly the concept plan, experiences of the proponent in other islands, particularly in the numerous harbours developed by MNPI, were used as the basis for preparation of this document. Therefore, it will be possible to analyse, implement mitigation and suggest monitoring measures to the most relevant negative impacts.
Table 1.1 Limitations of the Study
Issue/Item Required Information Current Status / action Natural Hazard Detailed modelling of future erosion. Data not available at local level; Risks broad level studies undertaken for Maldives was used. Environmental Historical and long-term records on Baseline snapshots of the site baseline data reef and lagoon environment. taken to design mitigation Detailed data on geology and soil. measures. Estimated based on Long-term site specific or even other similar studies in Maldives. regional data (at least 2 years). Most Primary data collection will be critical data include current, wave time consuming; Secondary and sediment movement history. sources will be used.
Socio-economic data of Meedhoo island. Wave Modelling Long to Medium-term site-specific Not enough time to collect data; data. no facilities in Maldives to undertake high level modelling.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 6 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
Issue/Item Required Information Current Status / action Current Long to Medium-term site-specific Not enough time to collect data; Modelling data. no facilities in Maldives to undertake high level modelling. Sediment plume Long to Medium-term site-specific Not enough time to collect data; dispersal data. no facilities in Maldives to modelling undertake high level modelling.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 7 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1 Project Title
The project is titled ‘Proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll’.
2.2 Proponent
The proponent of the project is the Ministry of National Planning, Housing and Infrastructure. Contact details for the proponent are:
Mr. Mohamed Muslih Project Coordinator Ministry of National Planning, Housing and Infrastructure Ameenee Magu Male’ Phone: 3004300
2.3 Project Cost and Financing
The project is financed by the Government of Maldives and it is worth MVR 34 Million.
2.4 Project Justification
The proposed harbour expansion project has been initiated by MNPHI in March 2020 in the efforts to provide easier and safer accessibility for vessels approaching the island as well as more space for vessel mooring.
2.4.1 Background
The harbour at Meedhoo was first developed in the late 1990s. However, the initial harbour development only included limited dredging and construction of a quay wall. Maintenance dredging and repair works were carried out after the tsunami. In 2011, government funding for harbour redevelopment was obtained and the redeveloped harbour was operational by 2012. Currently, the harbour is in inadequate condition with space limitations for berthing vessels.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 8 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
2.4.2 Challenges with the existing harbour
The main issues with the existing harbour at Meedhoo include space limitations for the growing fleet of vessels in the island and the shallowing of the basin.
Fisheries is the main employment activity at Meedhoo with close to 300 fishermen in the island. The island has numerous vessels used for fishing and other activities. The size of the existing basin is not adequate for the growing fleet of vessels in the island. At present there are 24 fishing vessels in the island and this is expected to increase to approximately 50 within the next 20 years. Additionally, there are approximately 12 launches, 5 small vessels (Dinghies & Bokkura) and 2 large cargo boats at the island.
In addition, the harbour basin has become shallow over time due to sediment movements. As a result, it has become challenging for shallow draft vessels to navigate around the harbour during low tide. The shallow basin poses a safety risk to deep draught vessels as they could ground during low tide.
The proposed harbour development project is expected alleviate challenges faced by the residents of Meedhoo. The project is expected to provide the following benefits:
1. Increase the size of the harbour basin to increase berthing space 2. Develop protection measures to ensure the sustainability of the harbour 3. Enhance the usability of the harbour
2.5 Project Location
The proposed for Meedhoo Islan, Dhaalu Atoll, which is located on the eastern rim of the atoll. Location of the project is shown in Figure 2.1 and Aerial image of the project site is provided in Figure 2.2 below. The project site is located on the western side of the island at the existing harbour.
Table 2.1 Key details about the project location
Island Name Meedhoo
Location 2°59'52.92"N and 73° 0'23.92"E
Island length at longest point 1.78 km
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 9 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
Island width at widest point 1.10 km Distance to nearest Airport About 37 km to Dh. Kudahuvadhoo Domestic Airport Distance to nearest inhabited island About 6 km to Bandidhoo
Distance to nearest resort About 0.56 km to Vilu Reef Beach & Spa Resort
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 10 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
Figure 2.1 Project location
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 11 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
Figure 2.2 Aerial Image of Project Site
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 12 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
2.6 Project Scope Summary
The project includes the following components.
A. Preliminary Works 1. Mobilization 2. Worker accommodation and worksite setup 3. Land clearance 4. Removal of existing quay wall B. Dredging existing harbour basin and new basin 5. Dredge a new harbour basin 6. Maintenance dredging of the existing basin C. Land Reclamation 7. Land reclamation between the proposed quay wall (southern end of the harbour basin) D. Breakwater and revetment Construction 8. Construct temporary sand beds 9. Construct outer breakwater 10. Construct revetment E. Quay wall Construction 11. Prefabricated concrete L-blocks to be use for quay wall 12. Laying concrete L-blocks 13. In-situ casting and capping beam F. Installation of harbour facilities 14. Construction of a pavement adjacent to the quay wall 15. Installation of streetlights and navigation beacons 16. Placement of mooring buoys 17. Installing ramp for landing crafts G. Demobilization 18. Finishing work 19. Clearing waste 20. Demobilizing equipment and workers 21. Dismantling temporary facilities H. Harbour Operation 22. Movement of vessels in the harbour basin
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 13 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
2.7 Project Design
2.7.1 Original Design Concept
The original design concept proposed for the project is summarised in Figure 2.2. Detailed original site plan is provided in Appendix B1.
The project involves expanding the existing harbour in Meedhoo by dredging a new harbour basin. The project also involves reconstructing a quay wall on the northern end of the existing basin, constructing a new quay wall in the expansion area and placing coastal protection measures such as revetment and breakwater.
Dredging also includes maintenance dredging of existing basin to make it deeper for safe docking and access of vessels. Specification for basin dredging is presented in Table 2.2. The table summarizing the original requirements for breakwater, revetments, and quay wall is presented in Table 2.3.
Table 2.2 Original Dredging and Reclamation specifications
Description Specification Dredging Area (sqm) Depth (m) Est Volume (cbm) Maintenance dredging of existing basin 17,500 -3 1,000 New basin and shallow area dredging 6,500 -3 11,000 24,000 19,750 Reclamation Area (sqm) Elevation (m) Est Volume (cbm) Reclamation on southern side 6,000 1.5 15,000 15,000
Table 2.3 Breakwater, Revetments, and Quay wall
Description Specification Dredging Length (m) Elevation (m) Material Outer Breakwater 373 1.5 Armour rock Quay wall of existing basin 60 1.2 Concrete L-blocks Revetment 35 1.6 Armour rock
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 14 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
Quay wall of new basin 234 1.2 Concrete L-blocks
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 15 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
Figure 2.3 Originally proposed Site plan of the proposed harbour redevelopment
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 16 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
2.7.2 Revised Design Concept
An alternative design was assessed for the project based on the results of public consultations and environmental findings from this report. The alternatives evaluation process is presented in the Alternatives Chapter.
The alternative design was presented to the Contractor, Proponent and the Island Council. All parties have agreed in writing to adopt the alternative site plan. Hence, the rest of this report will use the alternative design as approved.
The proposed alternative site plan summary is presented in Figure 2.3. The main changes proposed in the revised design and their rationales are presented in the Table below.
Table 2.4 Summary of changes to harbour plan
# Proposed Change Rationale 1 The quaywall length for new basin is Public requirement to retain part of the southern shortened end of the island for recreation and boat beaching, as is being used currently. 2 New T-jetty proposed Public request to create a cargo unloading area and to make the area more useable. 3 Existing recreational area enhanced Public requirement to enhance the recreational area. 4 Revised groyne on the western end of Due to the need for the recreational beach recreational area 5 New groyne proposed for previously To control severe erosion additional erosion reclaimed island on the western end pressure that may be generated due to the of reef. installation of main breakwater. 6 The main breakwater is slightly Based on the results of the bathymetry survey. shifted south 7 Additional groynes and breakwater To prevent sediment from moving into the introduced to the northern end of the harbour basin and facilitate flushing harbour 8 Additional dredging on western end To source sand for reclamation and to create and within existing basin space for the basin
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 17 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
The general approach of the project and design is till the same: (i) make the western deep lagoon useable as a habour, (ii) increase the length of the quaywall and (iii) enhance the quaywall in the existing basin.
The revised specification for dredging and reclamation is presented in Table 2.5 and the revised requirements for breakwater, revetments, and quay wall is presented in Table 2.6.
Table 2.5 Revised Dredging and Reclamation specifications
Description Specification Dredging Area (sqm) Depth (m) Est Volume (cbm) Maintenance dredging of existing basin 18,000 -3 3,350 New basin dredging 2,000 -3 1,000 New Basin Dredging D3 4,000 -3 6,500 New Basin Dredging D4 2,200 -3 4,400 26,200 15,250 Reclamation Area (sqm) Elevation (m) Est Volume (cbm) Reclamation on southern side (Site A) 3,000 +1.2 6,600 Beach areas (Site B) 2,200 +1.5 2,200 T-Jetty Area (Site C) 3,000 +1.2 6,300 15,100
Table 2.6 Revised Breakwater, Revetments, and Quay wall
Description Specification Dredging Length (m) Elevation (m) Material Outer Breakwater 373 1.5 Armour rock Quay wall of existing basin 60 1.2 Concrete L-blocks Revetment 48 1.6 Armour rock Quay wall of new basin 189 1.2 Concrete L-blocks Groyne southside 35 1.6 Armour rock Groyne for the reclaimed small island 24.5 1.4 Armour rock Breakwater Extension 20 1.6 Armour rock Sand retention groyne 47 1.4 Armour rock
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 18 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
Figure 2.4 Revised Site plan of the proposed harbour redevelopment
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 19 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
2.8 Project Management
2.8.1 Contracting
The contractor for the project is MTCC. The contractor will be hired according to Maldives government regulations and protocols. No other company will be sub-contracted for any component of the project.
2.8.2 Target Dates and Project Duration
The detailed engineering designs and contracting activities for the project will begin as soon as the EIA DS is issued. It is anticipated that the construction works will be completed by November 2021. Detailed work schedule is attached in Appendix B3.
2.8.3 Tasks Already Completed
The contractor has designed the concept designs of the project. No physical activities have been carried out.
2.8.4 Workforce
Approximately 40 workers will be utilized for the project. This includes 22-25 foreign migrant workers, supervisors, laborers and consultants. Manning, including accommodation food and safety is the responsibility of the contractor.
2.8.5 Work Hours
The workforce will be working daily except for Fridays. Working hours will from 800hrs to 1700hrs with one break for lunch and for tea in the evening.
2.8.6 Labour Accommodation Camps
Typically, an accommodation area will be created at the temporary work site. If the site allocated by the Council does not have enough space after construction of site office and workshop, then accommodation space will be rented from the island at rented homes in the island.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 20 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
2.8.7 Access to Site
During construction access to the harbour will only be provided for the workers. Alternative access routes for vessels approaching and leaving the island will be provided in coordination with the Island Council. Typically, the harbour will not be closed off completely and the vessels will be able to use a section of the harbour throughout the construction phase.
2.8.8 Health and Safety
Potential risks to health and safety due to the project include risks to the workforce as well as risks to the community. Construction work for projects have resulted in injuries and fatal accidents. Some of the most common causes of workplace accidents include the mishandling/ improper storage of machinery/materials and working without protective equipment and safety measures.
At the time of preparation of this report there is an ongoing global pandemic of novel Corona Virus (COVID-19). In response to this the Health Protection Agency (HPA) has declared a health emergency in the Maldives. It is possible that the pandemic may still be ongoing at the time of project implementation. Therefore, all HPA guidelines must be followed and all the necessary precautions must be taken to prevent the spread of the virus amongst the workforce and island community.
Measures that will be taken to ensure health and safety of employees include the following:
- Employees for the project will be provided with adequate personal protective equipment and proper training. - All machinery and equipment for the project will be maintained and stored properly. - All materials for the project will be stored properly to prevent spillage or contamination. - Waste generated from the project shall be stored, handled and disposed safely. - Life jackets shall also be provided for all employees when carrying out work over water. - HPA guidelines shall be followed and precautions shall be taken to reduce the risk of contracting and spreading Covid-19. - A supervisor shall be appointed to check whether health and safety measures are followed.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 21 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
Measures that will be taken to ensure safety of the community include the following:
- The area will be demarcated using fences to ensure access is restricted to the public. - Boards displaying the details (in English and Dhivehi) of the project will be erected at the project site with contact numbers of the focal point of the contractor and proponent.
2.8.9 Environmental Monitoring during Construction Activities
A supervisor will be appointed within the construction team to oversee the construction process. The supervisor will be responsible for ensuring all the measures are taken and adhered to prevent any environmental impacts such as sedimentation control, spillages, storage of equipment, machineries, oil. The workers will be briefed about the sensitive nature of the environment and they will be made familiar with action to take in the event of that poses risk to the natural environment.
For sedimentation control, significance will be given to undertake dredging and activities over water during calm conditions. Additionally, the workers will be trained on best practice measures and actions to take in an unforeseen event.
Emergency Plan during Spillages
An emergency response plan will be developed and implemented to mitigate any impacts. The response plan will include strategies and actions that will be taken to minimise the impacts from the spillage.
Fuel Management
It is not anticipated that the contractor will use significant quantities of fuel at project site apart from the amount used for any vehicle or machineries. Any fuel that is used at project site will be stored in closed containers and it will be placed in a designated area. The site supervisor will be responsible for monitoring the site and ensuring there are no spillages or leaks.
2.8.10 Land clearing
No major land clearing will be required for this project. Vegetation for removal includes one Kaani (Cordia subcordata) and one Hirundhu (Thespesia populnea) on the northern end of the harbour. Coastal vegetation towards the southern end of the basin may also need clearance.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 22 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
Land clearing zones are defined in the impacts chapter.
The land area will be cleared by the use of an excavator. If certain trees are identified by the EIA Consultants for re-location, then it is coordinated with the Council to re-locate the trees.
2.8.11 Procurement
Materials required for construction will be imported or outsourced by the contractor from local and foreign parties who are capable of providing the required on a needed basis. The main equipment used for this activity will be excavators, barges, tug, loaders and trucks. All rock boulders and geotextile will be imported while all other construction material are likely to be bought from Maldives.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 23 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
2.8.12 Temporary Project Site
The Island Council has identified a vacant area to the south of the harbour which can be utilised as a temporary project site by the contractor. The proposed site is shown in Figure 2.4 below. Temporary facilities such as workers accommodation, site office, and workshop may be set up by the contractor depending the availability of the land area. Generally, contractor requires an area of 600sqm at minimum, which is available at the proposed site identified by the council. Temporary site facilities will be mainly built with pre-fabricated containers. Staff facilities as specified in the contract complying the health & safety requirements will be arranged accordingly. Key temporary services that will be provided on site include; - Power supply for civil use will be provided by extension of the island power supply connection.
- Drainage and sewerage will be connected to an underground tank at a safe distance and depth from living quarters.
- Fax, telephone lines and an electronic data transfer line will be provided to the site offices.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 24 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
Figure 2.5 Proposed area for temporary storage area and temporary work site
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 25 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
2.8.13 Equipment Mobilisation
List of equipment and machineries and facilities that will be used and installed for the project is provided below.
• Excavators • Wheel loader • Dump truck • Welding genset • General Site Equipment’s and tools
2.8.14 Material Mobilisation
The list of main materials that are expected to be used during construction work is listed below.
• Armour rock • Precast concrete L blocks • Accessories • Cement • Geotextile • Aggregate • Sand
2.8.15 Material Storage
Materials and equipment for the project will be stored at the vacant site at the harbour. Proposed location as identified by the Island Council is shown in Figure 2.4 above.
2.8.16 Vehicles and Machineries
The preliminary list of equipment that will be used during construction work is listed in Table 2.7 below.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 26 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
Table 2.7 List of equipment that will be used
Equipment Capacity Use Excavators 35 ton Excavate or move large objects.
Dump trucks 20 ton Transport brut matter such as sand, rock, gravels.
Wheel loaders 12.25 ton Transfer material from stockpiles to trucks.
Barge 1500 ton Mount excavator on barge for dredging,
Crawler crane 35 ton CarryLifting heavy heavy items. items and materials.
Batching Plant 25 ton/hr To combine various ingredients to form concrete.
Welding genset 9 KW Welding using alternate current.
2.8.17 Water Supply
Water for the construction stage will be provided by the water facilities available in the island which includes rainwater and bottled mineral water. For construction, mostly groundwater will be used.
2.8.18 Power and Fuel Supply
Power for the construction stage will be sourced from the generator sets that are taken to the site. Alternatively, power can be sourced from the island electricity grid which is operated by FENAKA. Power requirement is moderately low at the site.
2.8.19 Sewage Management
Sewage during construction will be managed via the existing sewage management system in the island. The amount of sewage output is expected to be small due to the small workforce.
2.8.20 Waste Management
The disposal of all waste or other materials removed from the site will be in accordance with the requirements of the Environment Agency. In general, a principal aim during construction will be to reduce the amount of waste generated and exported from the proposed development site. This approach complies with the waste hierarchy whereby the intention is first to
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 27 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll minimize, then to treat at source or compact and, finally, to dispose of off-site as necessary. To minimize and reduce waste generation, such as: − Agreements with material suppliers to reduce the amount of packaging or to participate in a packaging take-back scheme; − Implementation of a ‘just-in-time’ material delivery system to avoid materials being stockpiled, which increases the risk of their damage and disposal as waste; − Attention to material quantity requirements to avoid over-ordering and generation of waste materials;
Burning of wastes or unwanted materials will not be permitted on-site. All hazardous materials including chemicals, cleaning agents, solvents and solvent containing products will be properly sealed in containers at the end of each day prior to storage in appropriately protected and bonded storage areas.
2.8.21 Labour Camp Closure
Any temporary accommodation set up by the contractor will be dismantled and the materials will be taken back by the contractor.
2.9 Work Sequence and Methodology
2.9.1 Marine Works
Construction of Temporary Sand Beds
Temporary sand beds will be constructed to allow for excavator movement during dredging and reclamation. A temporary sand bed measuring approximately 12 m x 50 m will be constructed at an elevation of +1.0 m MSL as a landing area for material and equipment unloading at the proposed breakwater construction areas. The bed will be used during breakwater installation.
Dredging New Harbour Basin and Maintenance Dredging of existing Basin
The new basin dredged to a depth of -3 m MSL in an area of 8,200 m2. The maintenance dredging of the existing basin will be to a depth of -3 m MSL in an area of 18,000 m2. Location of the dredging areas is presented in Figure 2.3 above.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 28 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
The design criteria for dredging are as follows:
- Entrance channel shall be dredged to a minimum depth of -3 meters below Mean Sea Level (MSL).
- Layout shall ensure minimum sediment accumulation at the entrance channel and basin to allow for a maintenance-dredging period of not less than 5 years.
- The channel should allow two-way traffic for light crafts used in the Maldives for passenger and cargo; a width of 25 m has been specified as currently exists on site.
- Channel profile should be sloped on the sides at least with a range from 1:2 to 1:3.
Work Method
Dredging is likely to begin from the northern end of the basin.
The excavator will dredge and move forward over a sand bed made out of the dredged materials. Excess material on the sand bed will be loaded by another excavator or Loader to dump trucks and taken to the reclamation area where it will be spread and levelled by loader. Initial focus will be on stockpiling material for backfilling. Shaping the reclamation area will be undertaken backfilling is completed.
Initially, Excavator will move from inner side of the harbour to outer side until the dredge boundary of the outer side is reached.
Justifications
Dredging is required as part of improving usability of the existing harbour basin and provide adequate space for vessel movements and docking. Only the necessary areas (as in the design specifications) will be dredged.
A new basin is developed to expand the harbour for the growing fleet of vessels in the island and increasing demand at the harbour.
The dredging technology proposed is an excavator mounted on sand bed due to the small scale of the project.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 29 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
The proposed harbour has been determined by MNPHI based on the Ministry’s internal design requirements.
Disposing dredge waste
There will be no dredge waste produced as a result of the dredging. The dredged waste will be just adequate for the required reclamation and other activities.
Construction of Breakwater
This component involves constructing an outer breakwater to create a calm basin and protect the harbour basin from intense wave activity.
The breakwater will be constructed by placing armour rock at an elevation of 1.5 m.
For the breakwater construction, rock boulders are transported to harbour site by tug and barge. Rock will be unloaded to the temporary bed constructed initially.
A setting-out survey will be conducted to mark the location of breakwater by means of GI pipes or iron bars. The temporary bed will be constructed parallel to the breakwater unit. Bed formation will begin from the end closer to the island towards the far end. Rock boulders will be carried to the breakwater location by dump trucks which will be loaded by excavators. Initially rock boulders will be laid along the breakwater line to make a bed over which dump trucks can move.
Once the far end is reached, breakwater profiling will begin from the far end by following a metal profile template made during the setting out survey. The template will be fixed at the far end so that operators can follow it while profiling. Site supervisor will randomly check the progressing work by using a level meter to ensure that deign profile is met. Dump trucks will supply rock boulders as needed during construction. The excavator will continue profiling until the complete length of the breakwater is reached.
Justifications
The breakwater is required to reduce effect of waves as to provide safe berthing for fishing vessels in the new basin area.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 30 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
The proposed use the armour rock material is due to durability and Government policy to standardise breakwater construction material.
Excavators have been preferred as they will be mobilized for dredging activity.
The orientation of the breakwaters has been proposed by MNPHI engineers based on waves conditions at site.
2.9.2 Land Reclamation and Construction of Revetment
An area of approximately 3,000 m2 will be reclaimed to a height of +1.2 m on the southern side (Site A) of the proposed harbour.
A beach area (Site B) of approximately 2,200 m2 will be reclaimed to a height of +1.5 m and
2 the proposed T-jetty area (Site C) will be reclaimed over an area of 3,000 m . A total of 15,100 cbm of f sand will be used for reclaiming for all of the 3 sites.
A revetment of 48 m at an elevation of +1.6 m will be constructed. Location of the revetment is presented in Figure 2.3 above.
Dump trucks will be used to transport the dredged material to the site and placed as required. Excavation will then be carried out at the location proposed for the toe of the revetment while maintaining the required slope. Once the excavation is completed and the slope has been prepared, a geotextile layer will be placed with the help of divers. Armour rock will then be transported to the construction site using dump trucks and installed using excavators on top of the geotextile layer. Special attention will be given to maintaining the correct slope and the interlocking of armours. Throughout the construction processes, spot levels will be checked using the level instrument and alignment will be checked using total station.
Justifications
Land area is reclaimed to provide protection around the proposed quay wall and revetment and ensure stability.
The revetment is required to reduce effect of waves on the quay wall and reclaimed area and to ensure durability of the infrastructure.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 31 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
2.10 Quay wall construction
A quaywall be constructed along the new basin and existing basin. A quaywall of length 60 m will be constructed along the existing basin and a 189 m long quaywall be constructed along the new basin.
Th existing quay wall will be demolished and a 60 m long quay wall will be built in its place.
The proposed quay walls will be constructed using prefabricated concrete L-blocks. The quay wall will make it easier and safer to mount and dismount from moored vessels.
The setting out of quay wall line will be done by total station and the demarcation of the outer line of quay wall will be done by using a long arm excavator. Divers will be used to maintain the required level and will be used to verify the suitability of preparation of the seabed to place the concrete blocks. A concrete platform located 8 m to 10 m from the quay wall will be prepared for the positioning of an excavator.
Once sea bed preparation and the stable platform are constructed, placing of the precast blocks will commence with the assistance of experienced divers, and 2 to 3 skilled welders and fitters. Each quay wall unit, with an approximate weight of 10 Tons, will be lifted with an excavator and placed on the set out line. Divers will check that the bottom surface of the quay wall is properly resting on the levelled surface which will be excavated to the required depth. Once the quay wall is placed, the diver will make sure that the required level is maintained. If the level is low the diver shall place some additional filling material to get the required level, and if the level is high then the diver shall remove a small layer using a level bar. The rest of the blocks will be placed using the same process.
Anchoring and non-anchoring quay walls shall be placed by excavators and with the help of divers and it shall be ensured that the blocks are properly interconnected. After 6 to 8 quay wall blocks are placed on the set-out line, anchor rods will be fixed. The connection between two blocks will be covered by a geo-textile layer that is approximately 1 m wide. The toe of the quay wall will then be backfilled by dredge material to provide a more stable position for the quay wall. This process will be continued along the quay wall line. At the corner, a special type of block will be used to construct the angle required for the harbour. Once the quay wall line is completed, at least 50 m of backfilling will be carried out, leaving sufficient height to fix the steel formwork for capping beam. Mooring rings will be placed at 5m intervals.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 32 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
Justifications
A quay wall is required to allow large boats such as cargo boats to dock at the harbour and for easier loading and unloading of goods from the boats. A quay wall is also required for easier accessibility to the boats. The growing fleet of vessels on the island requires more space for docking.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 33 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
2.11 Installation of Harbour Facilities
2.11.1 Street Lights
A total of 15 two arm LED street lights will be installed along the quay wall line.
2.11.2 Navigation Lights
Two navigation lights will be installed on either side of the new breakwater.Navigation lights will be placed at the harbour entrance channel.
2.11.3 Pavement
An area of 1,470 sqm will be paved along the quay wall line.
2.11.4 Mooring Buoys
Mooring buoys will be tied to a concrete block by 4m long nylon rope and epoxy coated hook in the harbour basin including concrete works. A total of 10 mooring buoys will be placed.
2.11.1 Drainage
As part of the generic harbour design, it is proposed to install drainage system along the quay wall. The purpose of the drainage system is to drain any run off water around the harbour area and prevent flowing into the island.
2.11.2 Ramp
One ramp for landing crafts will be constructed measuring 11 m by 11 m.
2.12 Demobilization
Demobilization and site clearance will be the final activity of the construction program. This activity will commence upon completion of all construction activities and is expected to take 9 days. All debris on site will be cleared before demobilization.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 34 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
2.13 Harbour operation
MNPHI and Meedhoo Island Council will be responsible for maintenance work during harbour operation.
2.14 Summary of Project Inputs and Outputs
The types of materials that will go into the development and how these resources will be obtained are shown in Table 2.8. Project outputs during construction stage are shown in Figure 2.9. The type of resources and product that will be involved during operation stage are shown in Figure 2.10 and outputs during operation stage is shown in Figure 2.11.
Table 2.8 Major Project Inputs during construction stage
Input Type Details
Proposed harbour in the Existing harbour on the western side of the Land island island.
Aggregate
River Sand Precast concrete L-blocks Armour rock Steel Sand Cement Exact quantities were not confirmed. Materials Streetlight (x15) Imported by contractor
Paint Geotextiles Mooring buoy Paving block Rebar Navigation light Steel gratings
Excavators (x 2) Dump trucks (x 1) Machinery & Contractor’s own equipment Wheel loaders (x1) Barges (x 1)
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 35 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
Crawler crane (if required) Welding genset (x 1) Concrete mixer (x 1) Truck (x 1) Loader (x 1) Forklift (x 1) Contractor’s own Vehicles Crane (x 1) Concrete mixer (x 1) Lorry (x 1)
Local workers 10 including 3 supervisors on site. Foreign workers 20-25. Contractor’s employees Accommodation Arranged by contractor in existing rental Workforce properties in the island or at project site Food Arranged by contractor Lavatories Existing accommodation Electricity Resources From FENAKA electricity grid Water Rainwater, mineral water and groundwater
Table 2.9 Major project outputs during construction stage
Waste stream Details
Demolition waste 300-500 cbm - used as core material for breakwater; rest transported to Thilafushi
Green Waste Small quantities during the removal of one Kaani and one Hirundhu tree which will be replanted in the harbour area. Labour force Food waste in moderate quantities. Disposed at waste disposal site in the island. Total amount of waste generated from the workforce is estimated to be 26-30 Kg /day. Sewage. Sewage, approximately 90% of consumed water Disposed through sewerage network.
Machinery and vehicle GHG emission in insignificant quantities
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 36 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
Table 2.10 Major project inputs during operation stage
Input Type Details
Resources Electricity for harbour lights From FENAKA electricity grid in the island Fishing vessels Ferry boats Currently there are 26 fishing vessels and 10- Vessel traffic Dinghies 12 launches in the island. Fishing vessels are expected to increase to about 50 in the next Speed boats 20 years. Cargo boats
Table 2.11 Major outputs during operation stage
Products and waste Details materials GHG emission From operation of vessels.
General waste from vessels In small quantities with ~ 10cbm per day. Disposed at the island waste disposal site
Noise Intermittent and insignificant.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 37 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
3 POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK
The following are the pertinent laws and regulations, relevant environmental and social policies and standards that are applicable for the proposed harbour redevelopment project, and the appropriate authority jurisdictions that will specifically apply to the project.
3.1.1 Strategic Action Plan Policy 2: Strengthen maritime infrastructure and services to enhance socio-economic growth
Providing harbour and jetty services in all administrative islands of Maldives is included under policy 2 of the Strategic Action Plan 2019-2023. The lead implementing agency for this policy is Ministry of Transport and Civil Aviation and the other implementing agencies include Ministry of National Planning, Housing and Infrastructure and Local Councils (Strategic Action Plan 2019-2023).
3.1.1 Sustainable Development Goal 9: Build Resilient Infrastructure, Promote Inclusive and Sustainable Industrialisation and Foster Innovation
Target 9.1 of the SDG goal 9 includes developing quality, reliable, sustainable and resilient infrastructure. One of the key themes under Sustainable Development Goal 9 includes development through sustainable infrastructure that is based on sustainable and environmentally sound technology. The lead agency responsible for communication of key themes under SDG goal 9 is the Ministry of National Planning, Housing and Infrastructure (Communication Strategy Action Plan 2019-2023).
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 38 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
3.2 Environmental Assessment
The main national laws and regulations regarding environmental assessment and the responsible agencies are detailed below.
3.2.1 Environmental Protection and Preservation Act
The Environmental Protection and Preservation Act (4/93) enacted on 19 March 1993 is the framework law related to environment protection in the Maldives. It aims at improving the legal and administrative co-ordination of the initiatives in the field of environment with the objective of integrating environmental considerations into the country’s overall economic and social development. The authority responsible for the Environment Act is the Ministry of Environment. Articles 2, 5, and 6 of the law are relevant for this environmental assessment of.
Article 2 states that the concerned government authorities shall provide the necessary guidelines and advise on environmental protection in accordance with the prevailing conditions and needs of the country. All concerned parties shall take due considerations of the guidelines provided by the government authorities.
According to Article 5 (a) of the Act, an Environmental Impact Assessment study shall be submitted to the Ministry of Environment before implementing any development project that may have a potential impact on the environment. As per Article 5 (b), The Ministry of Environment shall formulate the guidelines for EIA and shall determine the projects that need environmental assessment.
As per Article 6, the Ministry of Environment has the authority to terminate any project that has any undesirable impact on the environment. A project so terminated shall not receive any compensation.
3.2.2 Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation
The EIA process is regulated by the Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation (2012) issued on 8 May 2012 and the subsequent 05 amendments to the regulation. The EIA process for projects entails screening, scoping, assessment, evaluation, and monitoring.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 39 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
The first step in environmental assessment process involves screening of the project to be classified as one that requires an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) or not. The project proponent sends in a screening form to EPA regarding the necessity of performing an EIA.
Based on the screening decision, the EPA in consultation with the Ministry of Environment and other key stakeholders decides the scope of the EIA which is discussed with the proponent and the EIA consultants in a “scoping meeting”. The EPA issues its scoping conditions for EIA as determined by the EIA consultants and approved by EPA in a Terms of Reference (TOR) for EIA.
The consultants then undertake the environmental and social assessment starting with baseline studies, impact prediction and finally reporting the findings with impact mitigation and monitoring programme. The project proponent must submit 03 hard copy paper environmental impact assessment reports along with an electronic copy, in accordance with the TOR conditions. If the contents of the EIA report do not satisfy the TOR conditions, EPA may ask the proponent to provide corrected or additional information. In this case, the proponent is granted a maximum of 30 days during which to correct and/or supplement, then submit the revised report.
Having received the EIA report, EPA appoints experts to review the received EIA. Once the EIA report is reviewed by EPA an EIA Decision Note is given to the proponent who should implement the Decision Note accordingly. As a condition of approval, appropriate environmental monitoring may be required and the proponent shall have to report monitoring data at required intervals to the EPA.
The EIA Regulation 2012 has undergone number of amendments in 2013, 2015 and 2016. These amendments included revision of EIA review period and associated costs, qualification required for monitoring the Environmental Management Plan, revision to the list of projects that requires EIAs, projects that can be undertaken by simply applying mitigation measures defined by EPA such as for dredging of harbours, clearance of vegetation within allocated plots for households and for roads, transferring EIA decision making to Minister of Tourism for tourism related activities; categorization of EIA consultants, point system for consultants to assess performance and license suspension, a code of conduct for consultants, and increment to the fine for non-compliance of regulation and violations.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 40 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
3.2.3 Decentralization Act
The Decentralization Act establishes the local councils as the highest political authority in the locality and who shall have executive powers to be exercised in accordance with the Act. The Act establishes Atoll Councils, Island Councils and City Councils.
According to Article 23 (h), (i) and Article 41 (g), Island Councils and City Councils are responsible for release of land for development according to the provisions of the Land Act, the Land Use Plan of the island, and any guidelines issued by the Ministry responsible for land.
According to Article 23 (d), Island Councils are responsible for overseeing development projects and reporting to the Ministries and Atoll Councils as required. Maintaining the jetty of the island as well as building and maintaining the wharf of the island is also included in services provided by the island council.
3.2.4 Environmental Liability Regulation
The Environmental Liability Regulation (Regulation 2011/R-9) is aimed at maintaining equal standards for reprimanding and enforcing environmental liabilities, fines for those who violate the rules and regulations and give guidance to those who are involved in the implementation process of the regulations pursuant to Environmental Protection and Preservation Act of Maldives (4/93). One of the key objectives of the environmental liability regulation is also to practice polluter-pay-principles in the Maldives.
3.3 Land Acquisition
The laws and regulations relevant to land acquisition are:
o Land Act o Land Use Planning Regulation o General Laws Act
3.3.1 Land Act
The Land Act (1/2002) governs the allocation of land for different purposes and uses and other issues regarding the issuing of land, and the sale, transfer and lease of Maldivian land. The Act
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 41 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll states that: All transactions concerning the issuing, receiving, owning, selling, lease, utilizing and using Maldivian land shall be conducted in compliance with this Act.
Policies concerning Maldivian land shall be decided by the President of the Maldives on the advice of the discussions in the Cabinet of Ministers. Under the Land Act several regulations have been formulated and include:
o Issuing state dwellings regulation o Regulation governing the transfer of Land as a gift or by will o Lease of buildings and dwellings regulation o Mortgaging land, building and flats regulation o Registration of state dwelling and building regulation o Regulation on the inheritance of fixed assets on state dwellings o Transfer or transfer by will regulations (2004) o Privatization of state business land regulations (2006).
3.3.2 Land Use Planning Regulation
The Land Use Planning Regulations and Guidelines (2005) include land use instruments such as inclusionary zoning and quotas. Land Use Plans (LUP) are prepared in consultation with the Ministry of National Planning, Housing and Infrastructure which does have allocations for residential areas as well as for different infrastructure and social needs.
3.3.3 General Laws Act
The General Laws Act 4/68, Paragraph 7 stipulates that public property such as trees, coconut palms, farm land, households and such owned by public or private individuals, if required to be obtained by the Government, the property can be obtained by the High Court of the Maldives. The above shall be done only after the individual is fairly compensated for the property or by financial compensation proposed by the property holder. If the public property to be attained is a land plot or a household, the property holder shall be given adequate time for clearance of the area.
If a private property belonging to one individual creates nuisance to another, for issues in Male’ the matter shall be resolved by the Ministry of Home Affairs and Housing or Ministry of Atolls and Development for issues arising in the islands.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 42 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
3.4 Biodiversity Conservation
According to the Convention on Biodiversity, the components of biodiversity include ecosystems and habitats, species and communities, and genes and genomes, all of which have social, economic, cultural and scientific importance. Maldives is a party to the following international conventions:
o Convention on Biological Diversity (1992) o Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (2002) o Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (2013) o International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC)
The national laws, regulations, and policies relevant to conservation of biological diversity are summarized below.
3.4.1 Regulation on the Cutting Down and Export of Trees and Coconut Palms
The Regulation on Cutting Down, Uprooting, Digging Out and Export of Trees and Palms from One Island to Another specifies that the cutting down, uprooting, digging out and export of trees and palms from one island to another can only be done if it is absolutely necessary and there is no other alternative. It further states that for every tree or palm removed in the Maldives two more should be planted and grown in the island.
The regulation prohibits the removal of the following tree types:
o The coastal vegetation growing around the islands extending to about 15 meters into the island; o All the trees and palms growing in mangrove and wetlands spreading to 15 meters of land area; o All the trees that are in a Government designated protected areas; o Trees that are being protected by the Government in order to protect species of animal/organisms that live in such trees; and o Trees/palms those are abnormal in structure.
3.4.2 Regulation for the Protection and Conservation of the Natural Life and Character of Old Plants and Trees in Maldives
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Old plants and trees on islands are protected as a solution is required for the changes that are occurring to the natural form and character of islands; the negative impacts of the extinction of such plants on the environment and living species needs to be reduced; the impact on the island habitat; and for the protection and conservation of the natural environments of the islands needs to be reduced. With consideration to its age, present quantities, its significance, the plants to be protected are determined by Ministry of Environment.
3.4.3 National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan
The Government has formulated a second NBSAP to address biodiversity issues and developed an implementation plan with achievable targets. The vision for biodiversity conservation is: “a nation of people that co-exist with nature and has taken the right steps to fully appreciate, conserve, sustainably use, and equitably access and share benefits of biodiversity and ecosystem services.”
3.4.4 Protected Areas Regulation
The Protected Areas Regulation will be enforced by an agency of the Ministry of Environment. A list of protected areas should be decided and published by the Ministry. The latest list of Protected Areas of Maldives was published by EPA on 1st July 2019 and consisted of 61 areas.
3.4.5 Environmentally Sensitive Areas List
Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESA) 2014 are islands with unique features, reef systems, mangroves, wetlands, sea grass beds or places that are vital to the long-term maintenance of biological diversity, beach sediments, soil, water and other natural resources and features especially as they relate to human health, safety, and welfare, both on an island and in an atoll context. These features are highly valued, both for their scenic beauty and for the habitats they provide for the flora and fauna. The compilation of the list was initiated in 2009 with the assistance of the local Island Offices and other stakeholders. The list has been produced to identify environmentally and economically significant areas to offer protection, safeguard and enhance the conservation of the biological diversity of the country.
Commencing from 1st January 2011, under the Environmental Protection and Preservation Act: 4/93, the sites listed had been identified as Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESAs). This ESA list helps in safeguarding, minimizing and mitigating the environmental impacts from
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 44 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll different development projects, by monitoring the development in the area with the involvement of all stakeholders. The areas identified in the ESA are not protected areas. A site/habitat being identified as an ESA does not indicate that sustainable development cannot take place. It encourages development to take place, taking into consideration the conservation of the sensitive area, there by mitigating the negative impacts. There are 274 ESAs.
3.4.6 Protected Species
A total of 103 bird species have been declared protected under the Environmental Protection and Preservation Act (EPPA 4/93). In addition, numerous marine species have also been declared protected in the Maldives.
3.4.7 Rah Fehi Programme
A nationwide tree planting programme, “Rah Fehi” was inaugurated as a part of President Ibrahim Mohamed Solih’s 100-day pledges. The program focuses on planting trees on inhabited islands that are grown in nurseries and increase public awareness on the importance of greenery. The programme was inaugurated by planting 250 trees in Phase 2 of Hulhumale and it has been planned to plant more than 4,000 trees in inhabited islands through this initiative.
3.5 Physical Cultural Resources
Cultural heritage encompasses properties and sites of archaeological, historical, cultural, artistic, and religious significance. It also refers to unique environmental features and cultural knowledge, as well as intangible forms of culture embodying traditional lifestyles that should be preserved for current and future generations.
3.5.1 Maldives Heritage Act
The Heritage Act ensures the documentation, preservation and protection of cultural heritage. This Act will also ascertain the procedures and jurisdictions of the state and individuals, as well as stipulate that acts resulting in the loss of items or sites of historical significance as criminal acts. The purpose of the Heritage Act is to safeguard the perpetuation of items and sites of historical significance to future generations.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 45 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
3.5.2 Cultural and Historical Places and Objects
The Law on Cultural and Historical Places and Objects of the Maldives (27/79) prohibits destroying or damaging any historical and cultural places, sites, objects and artefacts belonging to the sovereign area of the Maldives. The historical and cultural objects are those that were used by or feature the life of locals or foreign ancestors who had resided in the Maldives. The historical and cultural places refer to religious monuments, idols or place of worship or residences used by locals or foreign ancestors who had resided in the Maldives.
The Law No: 27/79 was ratified on July 22, 1979. The law does not clearly define cultural and historical property and has no rules regarding trade and export of heritage items. Cultural and historical objects or buildings as stated in this Law are objects and places that were used by the inhabitants of Maldives or foreigners who lived in Maldives and which may help to gather information of a certain period. Cultural and historical buildings as stated in this Law are buildings that were constructed or raised by the inhabitants of Maldives or foreigners who stayed in Maldives, to live or pray, or as a monument for some person, or a memorial for any other such purpose, which may help to gather information of a certain period. Carrying out research work on cultural or historical objects and buildings with the prior permission of the appropriate authorities of the Government and without impairing its originality, is exempted from this Law.
3.6 Labour and Working Conditions
The Maldives is a party to major conventions on fundamental labour rights. Maldives is a member state of the International Labour Organization (ILO) and the Government of the Maldives has ratified 8 core conventions on the ILO’s fundamental labour rights. On 4 January 2013, the Government of the Maldives ratified the 8 core conventions on the ILO’s fundamental labour rights: the Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No. 29), the Abolition of Forced Labour Convention, 1957 (No. 105), the Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention, 1948 (No. 87), the Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention, 1949 (No. 98), the Equal Remuneration Convention, 1951 (No. 100), the Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention, 1958 (No. 111), the Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No. 138), and the Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No. 182).
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 46 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
The national laws and policy instruments relevant to labour and working Conditions include:
o Employment Act o Immigration Act o Anti-Human Trafficking Act o Pensions Act o Human Rights Act o Regulation on Employment of foreign workers in the Maldives o Work Visa Regulation
3.6.1 Employment Act
The legal framework to govern the rights and responsibilities of workers in the Maldives is included in the Employment Act (2/2008) that was ratified and signed into law in May 2008. To date, four amendments have been brought to the Employment Act (2/2008). The amendments were made through the following Acts: 14/2008; 12/2010; 3/2014; 14/2015. Of these amendments, the third and fourth Amendments are directly relevant to foreign migrant workers in the Maldives.
The Amendment 3/2014 passed by Parliament on 03 December 2013 requires an Employment approval for foreign migrant worker to be issued prior to arrival in the Maldives. The Amendment also made a deposit mandatory for all foreign migrant workers to be paid by the Employer. A deposit (to the sum of return airfare) to be made to Department of Immigration and Emigration (DoIE) at the time of work visa.
The Amendment 14/2015 on Ramazan allowance for Muslim workers makes it optional for Employers of Muslim foreign migrant workers to pay them a Ramazan allowance.
The Amendment 22/2016 in on wages for foreign migrant workers. The Amendment specifies that the wages and other sums to which the worker is entitled shall be paid through a bank registered in the Maldives to an account in the name of the foreign migrant worker (art. 53 a). A bank account for every foreign migrant worker Maldives to be opened in the Maldives and wages paid directly through the bank account.
3.6.2 Immigration Act
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The Maldives Immigration Act (1/2007) lays down the rules for entry, departure and deportation of foreign nationals. Article 15 of the Act provides for work visa: the permit to remain in the Maldives for the duration of a work permit granted to a foreign national visiting the Maldives for the purpose of working, where a work permit has been obtained by that foreign national consistent with the regulations of the concerned Government authority.
3.6.3 Regulation on Employment of Foreign Workers in Maldives
Employment of foreign migrant workers is regulated by the Regulation on Employment of foreign workers in the Maldives (2011/R-22) that was published on official gazette on 26 May 2011. This regulation is issued under Article 63 of Employment Act (2/2008) and Articles 32, 33 and 35 of the Maldives Immigration Act (1/2007).
The Regulation on Employment of foreign workers in the Maldives (2011/R-22) requires Employers to apply for a foreign worker quota; pay a security deposit for the foreign migrant worker; ensure that work permits are issued before a foreign migrant worker can commence work; apply for a work permit card within 15 days of arrival of the foreign migrant worker to the Maldives; apply for a work visa within 30 days of arrival of the foreign migrant worker to the Maldives; pay a work visa fee of Maldivian Rufiya (MVR) 250 per month; receive the foreign migrant worker at port of entry to the Maldives; register the foreign migrant worker at the registry maintained by the applicable island council or city council.
Employers must apply for a Work Permit Card for the foreign migrant workers within 15 days of their arrival to the Maldives. Application for Work Permit Card should be attached with a medical certificate, original of the passport, a photograph and employment contract. Foreign workers in the Maldives shall carry their Work Permit Cards at all times.
Employers must apply for Work Visa for Foreign Workers who have a Work Permit to work in the Maldives. Employers should pay a fee of MVR 250 per month for every foreign worker employed to the relevant government authority.
Employers or Recruitment Agencies acting on behalf of the employers must receive all unskilled foreign workers entering the Maldives with a Work Permit at their arrival port.
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3.6.4 Work Visa Regulation
The Maldives Immigration (MI) has issued a Work Visa Regulation (2010/R-7) under the Maldives Immigration Act (1/2007). The Work Visa Regulation (2010/R-7) gazetted on 12 October 2010 requires foreign migrant workers who enter the Maldives for the purpose of work to have a valid work visa. The conditions for entry of work visa holders as specified in the regulation includes the following: a passport with minimum six months validity; security deposit paid to MI 48 hours before arrival; truthful answers to questions posed by Immigration Officers; not prohibited from entry to the Maldives under article 4 of the regulation; specification of the purpose of entry; an Employment approval from the concerned authority with a copy transmitted to MI; and being over 18 years of age.
Documents and payments necessary for a work visa include: completed visa application form (IM25); passport standard photograph; original of the Employment contract or contract copy attested by a court or law firm; original of the Employment approval; passport with 6 months validity; MVR 250 for monthly visa fee; original of the medical report; MVR 50 for annual visa card fee; Employer’s National Identity Card or Registration Certificate of Company; and medical insurance documentation.
The regulation discusses the procedures to be followed for obtaining a work visa, keeping a deposit with MI for foreign migrant workers, penalties related to work visa.
First Amendment refers to Maldives Inland Revenue Authority (MIRA) as the Government authority for collection of all penalties.
3.6.5 Human Rights Act
In 2005, the Human Rights Commission Act was passed. The Act (6/2006) was subsequently amended in 2006 to ensure compliance with the Paris Principles on the status and functioning of national institutions for protection and promotion of human rights. The amended Human Rights Commission Act provides the HRCM independence and autonomy as a statutory body.
3.6.6 Pensions Act
Article 12 of the Maldives Pensions Act (8/2009) introduced the Maldives Retirement Pension Scheme. It is mandatory for the private and public sectors as well as the self-employed to
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 49 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll participate in the contributory Maldives Retirement Pension Scheme. The annual contribution each employee and employer have to make to the employees retirement savings account is set at seven per cent of pensionable wage for a total of 14 per cent.
3.6.7 Anti- Human Trafficking Act
The Anti-Human Trafficking Act (12/2013) passed by the parliament on 03 December 2013 and ratified on 08 December 2013 makes trafficking in persons a criminal offence in the Maldives. The purposes of the Act are to: prevent trafficking of persons through and across the Maldives; establish the crimes of trafficking in persons and prescribe punishments; provide for prosecution of perpetrators of trafficking in persons; provide protection and assistance to victims of human trafficking; promote and protect the human rights of trafficked victims; and engage with local and international NGOs working against human trafficking.
The Act defines the crimes of trafficking, exploitation, and debt bondage. According to this Act, forced labour and fraudulent recruitment are considered human trafficking. The Act specifies the penalties for perpetrators of trafficking. The penalty for trafficking offence is a jail imprisonment up to 10 years that can be extended to 15 years if children are involved.
3.7 Occupational Health and Safety
3.7.1 Regulation on the Safety Standards for Construction Work
The Regulation on the Safety Standards for Construction Work is a recent regulation aimed at improving working conditions. If the contractor’s work exceeds MVR 1,500,000 a health and safety plan and an emergency response plan should be prepared and followed for the safety of employees as well as the public. A site safety supervisor with more than five years of experience should also be appointed for the project. Responsibilities of the site safety supervisor include carrying out daily site inspections to ensure the proper measures are being taken to ensure safety. Personal protective equipment must also be provided for workers and they must be trained in the use of equipment. The contractor should ensure that workers are using personal protective equipment at all times when on site.
It is of utmost importance that this regulation is followed during the streetscaping project to ensure the safety of the workers as well as the public. Pedestrians should be provided with detours, excavated pits must be properly closed off and appropriate signs must be placed,
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3.7.2 Expatriate Accommodation Guideline
Guidelines on employer-provided accommodations for migrant workers in Maldives will come into effect on the 13th of October 2020. This guideline is issued under Article 25 (a) of the Regulation on Employment of Foreign Workers in the Maldives (2020/R-62).
The standards for employer-provided accommodation stipulated in the guidelines include: registration of all employee accommodation; minimum floor space of 3.78 square meters for single-bed rooms, 5.13 square meters for single bunk bed rooms, 6.84 square meters for two single bed rooms, and 8.55 square meter for double bunk bed units, with an added 3.24 square meters for each additional bed; furniture to store personal belongings; a toilet for every 10 employees; access to laundry facilities; appropriate amenities for hygiene purposes, including clean water and sewerage services; and proper cross-ventilation and shelter from the elements. It also stipulated that employers must provide a specialized doctor for accommodations that house over 100 workers. Housing units must be at least 1.5 meters from worksite. Housing units must also clearly indicate the employers' contact details at the entrance, including the unit supervisor details and the number of expatriates housed under the building.
3.7.3 Sustainable Development Goal 8: Promote Sustained, Inclusive and Sustainable Economic Growth, Full and Productive Employment and Decent Work for All
One of the aims of SDG goal 8 includes eradicating forced labour, slavery and human trafficking. The living conditions and migration status of the expatriate labour force of Maldives needs to be addressed under this goal. Additional aims of this goal include encouraging entrepreneurship and job creation and ensuring full and productive employment and decent work for all women and men by 2030. The lead agency of Maldives that is responsible for the communication of key themes under this goal is the Ministry of Economic Development (Communication Strategy and Action Plan 2019-2023).
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3.8 Dredging and Mining
3.8.1 Regulation on Dredging and Land Reclamation
A dredging and land reclamation permit needs to be obtained from EPA prior to commencement of work. The process includes the submission of project information to EPA along with a scaled before and after map. Once the dredging and reclamation permit is obtained an EIA will need to be prepared. Areas where dredging is restricted include 500m from the ocean side reef edge. 50m from any island vegetation line and in any environmentally sensitive area. Sand that is obtained from dredging can be used for reclamation, construction work, shore protection, levelling of land within the island and work that has been permitted in the EIA.
3.8.2 Coral and Sand Mining Regulation
Coral mining from house reef and atoll rim has been banned through a directive from President’s Office dated 26 September 1990.
Regulation on sand mining covers sand mining from uninhabited islands that have been leased; sand mining from the coastal zone of other uninhabited islands; and aggregate mining from uninhabited islands that have been leased and from the coastal zone of other uninhabited islands.
Sand should not be mined from any part of the existing Island, beach or the newly reclaimed island beach. Sand should also not be mined from within 100 ft. of the shoreline. Please see regulation on dredging and reclamation for further controls.
3.9 Resource Efficiency
The following are the laws and regulations that promote use of renewable natural resources in a sustainable manner.
3.9.1 Maldives Energy Policy and Strategy
Maldives Energy Policy and Strategy (2016) consists of 5 key policy statements:
o Strengthen the institutional and regulatory framework for the energy sector o Promote energy conservation and efficiency
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o Increase the share of renewable energy in the national energy mix o Improve the reliability and sustainability of electricity service and maintain universal access to electricity o Increase national energy security
3.10 Waste Management
Maldives is a party to the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal (1989).
The main instruments relevant to waste management in the Maldives are:
o Environment Protection and Preservation Act o Waste Management Policy o Waste Management Regulation o Hazardous Chemical Regulation
3.10.1 Environment Protection and Preservation Act
Articles 7 and 8 of the Environmental Protection and Preservation Act are relevant to waste management. According to Article 7 any type of waste, oil, poisonous gases or any substances that may have harmful effects on the environment shall not be disposed within the territory of the Maldives.
In cases where the disposal of the substances becomes absolutely necessary, they shall be disposed only within the areas designated for the purpose by the government. If such waste is to be incinerated, appropriate precaution should be taken to avoid any harm to the health of the population.
Article 8 of the EPPA (4/93) states that Hazardous/ Toxic or Nuclear Wastes that is harmful to human health and the environment shall not be disposed anywhere within the territory of the country.
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3.10.2 National Solid Waste Management Policy (2015)
The aim of the waste management policy is to formulate and implement guidelines and means for solid waste management in order to maintain a healthy environment. The policy includes 10 main objectives. The key elements of the policy include:
o Ensure safe disposal of solid waste and encourage recycling and reduction of waste generated; o Develop guidelines on waste management and disposal and advocate to enforce such guidelines through inter-sectoral collaboration; o Ensure safe disposal of chemical, hazardous and industrial waste. o Increase awareness of proper waste management o Maintain records of waste management
3.10.3 Waste Management Regulation
Waste Management Regulation (WMR) was published on August 2013 and is effective from February 2014. It has been implemented by Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The aim of WMR is to implement the national waste policy which contains specific provisions to: (a) Implement measures to minimize impacts on human health, (b) Formulate and implement waste management standards, (c) Implement an integrated framework for sustainable waste management, (d) Encourage waste minimization, reuse and recycling (e) Implement Polluter- Pays Principle ( f) Introduce extended Producer Responsibility.
WMR contains four main sections: (i) Waste management standards: Defines standards for waste collection, transfer, treatment, storage, waste site management, landfills and managing hazardous waste. (ii) Waste management Permits: Defines approval procedures for waste sites, (iii) Waste transfer: Standards and permits required for waste transport on land and sea, including transboundary movements, (iv) Reporting requirements: Defines reporting and monitoring requirements and procedures, (v) Enforcement: Defines procedures to implement WMR and penalties for non-compliance.
If any hazardous waste including electronic waste is to be disposed in the Maldives, it should be handled by waste sites specifically approved to manage hazardous and Special Category waste. Transportation and handling shall also conform to the standards specified in WMR. If
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 54 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll the waste is to be exported for reuse or disposal in another country, an application needs to be submitted to WMR clauses and international conventions. Thus, all the subprojects will need to comply with the WMR in disposing construction and decommissioning related wastes as applicable.
Section 14 of the Waste Management Regulation states the following regarding waste management at harbors:
1. The party responsible for operation of the harbor should create a mechanism for waste collection at the harbor. 2. The above mentioned mechanism should include a way to separate waste containing oil from other types of waste. 3. The information stated in the form attached in Appendix B of the regulation should be recorded regularly by the party responsible for operation of the harbor. This information should also be shared with EPA if requested. This information includes the following: - Type and quantity of waste taken to the waste management site - Weight of waste used to make compost - Type and amount of waste transported from the waste management zone to other sites - Method of waste handling (incineration/burning/recycling/dumping)
3.11 Pollution Control
Maldives is a party to the following international conventions and agreements.
o Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer (1985) o Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (1987) o United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (2002) o Washington Declaration on Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-Based Activities o United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) 1982 o International Convention for the Prevention of the Pollution of the Sea by Oil (1982) o Male’ Declaration on Control and Prevention of Air Pollution and Its Likely Transboundary Effects for South Asia (1998)
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3.12 Climate Change
Maldives is a party to the:
o Paris Agreement on Climate Change (2016) o United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992) o Kyoto Protocol to United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (1997)
The legislative and policy instruments that are relevant for climate change in the Maldives include:
o Maldives Climate Change Policy Framework o Maldives Intended Nationally Determined Contribution o Second National Communication of Maldives to UNFCCC
3.12.1 Maldives Climate Change Policy Framework
The Maldives Climate Change Policy Framework published in 2015 outlines strategic policies that the Government can use to respond to climate change effects over the years 2015-2025. The framework outlines objectives and strategies for each of the 5 policy goals which include:
o Sustainable financing: Ensure and integrate sustainable financing into climate change adaptation opportunities and low emission development measures o Low emission development: Strengthen a low emission development future and ensure energy security for the Maldives o Adaptation and opportunities: Strengthen adaptation actions and opportunities and build climate-resilient infrastructure and communities to address current and future vulnerabilities o Capacity building and leading advocacy at climate negotiation: Inculcate national, regional and international climate change advocacy role in leading international negotiations and awareness in cross-sectorial areas in favour of the most vulnerable and small island developing states o Fostering sustainable development: Foster sustainable development while ensuring security, economic sustainability and sovereignty from the negative consequences of the changing climate
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Some of the objectives of the third policy goal, ‘Adaptation and opportunities’ include protecting critical infrastructure such as international; airports, inhabited islands and tourist resorts from sea-related hazards and predicted climate change impacts.
3.12.2 Maldives Intended Nationally Determined Contribution
Maldives aims to achieve low emission development future and ensure energy security. In the Maldives Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC), the government has committed for the following Unconditional Reduction:
In accordance with Decisions 1/CP.19 and 1/CP.20, Maldives communicates that it intends to reduce unconditionally 10% of its Greenhouse Gases (below BAU) for the year 2030.
The Government has also communicated the following Conditional Reduction: “The 10% reduction expressed above could be increased up to 24% in a conditional manner, in the context of sustainable development, supported and enabled by availability of financial resources, technology transfer and capacity building.”
3.12.3 Second National Communication to UNFCCC
According to the Second National Communication of Maldives to UNFCCC, the total GHG emission in 2011 was 1225.598 Gg CO2e, of which 1152.869 GgCO2e is from energy sector while 72.729 GgCO2e is from the waste sector.
3.13 Community Health and Safety
The legislative and policy instruments of the Maldives relevant to community health and safety in the context of this project include
3.13.1 Public Health Protection Act
The purpose of the public health protection act is to establish policies for protection of public health, identify persons responsible for protection of public health, define how public health protection policies will be implemented. The objectives of the Act also include: establishing policies to respond to public health emergencies; classify situations which may be harmful to health and establish methods to act in such a situation; establish roles and responsibilities of island, atoll, and city councils in protection of public health. Chapter 5 of the Public Health
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Protection Act covers identifying health hazards, eliminating risk, reporting health hazards, and orders on things to be done or not done in relation to a building.
3.13.2 Regulation on Controlling Mosquito Breeding
The Regulation on controlling mosquito breeding was published in the year 2007 to minimise the risks to public safety from diseases spread by mosquitos. Maintenance of community areas such as roads, parks, sports areas and cemeteries to prevent mosquito breeding is the responsibility of the Island Council or City Council.
Construction sites should be maintained in a way that stagnant water does not accumulate, holes and trenches that are dug should be covered in a way that there is no room for mosquito breeding, if any water needs to be stored at construction sites they should be properly covered so ensure that mosquitos cannot breed. The contractor / owner of the plots should responsibility ensure that construction sites are maintained in a way that does not allow for mosquito breeding.
3.13.3 Substances Prohibited to be Brought into Maldives
The objective of Act (4/75) is to deal with substances that are prohibited to be imported unless for government purposes, or only to be imported with special permission, or materials which are completely prohibited from being imported into the country. Chemical substances are under import, use and manufacture control unless accompanied with a special permission from the Ministry of Defence and National Security. These include hazardous chemicals and chemical based toxins that do not fall under the category of explosives but may be used as substances for chemical weapons.
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Table 3.1 Summary of laws and regulations that are relevant for this project
Law/Regulation/ Policy Compliance Key Stakeholders
Environment Protection and This EIA is submitted to fulfil the requirement of Article 5 of the EPPA Ministry of Environment Preservation Act on EIA EPA Environment Impact Assessment This EIA is submitted to EPA and conforms to the ToR issued by EPA Ministry of Environment Regulations EPA Decentralization Act The Island Council of Dh.Meedhoo and Dh Atoll Council is the local Local Councils authority responsible for Meedhoo. A copy of this EIA will need to be submitted to Dh. Atoll Council. Environmental Liability Regulation The proponent will ensure that environmental and social monitoring is Ministry of Environment undertaken during the construction and operation stages of the project EPA Regulation on Dredging and Land A dredging and reclamation permit have to be issued by EPA before EPA Reclamation any dredging work commences. Coral and Sand Mining Regulation Dredging will only be carried out in areas specified in the EIA and EPA approved by EPA.
General Laws Act Measures must be taken to prevent damage to private property during Ministry of National Planning, Housing and the project work. Infrastructure
Meedhoo Island Council
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Law/Regulation/ Policy Compliance Key Stakeholders
Regulation on Cutting Down and Export Any old tree within the vicinity of the project must be taken into Ministry of Environment of Trees and Coconut Palms consideration. There are no old trees in the vicinity of the project site. EPA Regulation on the Protection of the Any old tree within the vicinity of the project must be taken into Ministry of Environment Natural Life and Character of Old Trees consideration. There are no old trees in the vicinity of the project site. and Plants in Maldives EPA Protected Areas Regulation There are no protected areas declared within 1km of the project site EPA
Maldives Heritage Act There are no sites, monuments or objects of heritage significance in the Ministry of Arts, Culture and Heritage project site Department of Heritage Law on Cultural and Historical Places There are no sites, monuments or objects of heritage significance in the Ministry of Arts, Culture and Heritage and Objects in Maldives project site Department of Heritage Employment Act The employment conditions and work hours for employees will be in Ministry of Economic Development accordance with the provisions of the Employment Act. Labour Relations Authority Immigration Act All foreign migrant workers employed by the project will have the Maldives Immigration required passports and visas. Pensions Act All Maldivian workers who will work in the project will be registered Pension Office with MPAO for retirement pension. Work Visa Regulation All workers for the project will have a valid work visa. Maldives Immigration
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Law/Regulation/ Policy Compliance Key Stakeholders
Labour Relations Authority
Anti-Human Trafficking Act This act will be complied with when recruiting workers. Maldives Immigration
Labour Relations Authority Regulation on the Safety Standards for The project site will be monitored at all times to ensure the safety of Ministry of National Planning, Housing and Construction Work both the workers and public. Infrastructure
Health Protection Agency Waste Management Regulation Waste that can be managed onsite will be managed and the rest will be Ministry of Environment taken back by the contractor to dispose at Thilafushi.
Maldives Intended Nationally LED lights will be used during at the harbour. Ministry of Environment Determined Contribution
Public Health Protection Act Project work will be planned and carried out responsibly to ensure Health Protection Agency public safety.
Regulation on Controlling Mosquito The project site including construction materials and equipment will Health Protection Agency Breeding be maintained to prevent the accumulation of stagnant water to prevent mosquito breeding.
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4 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION
4.1 Key Stakeholders
Stakeholder consultations are a pivotal component of the EIA to understand and capture the concerns from the stakeholders of the project. Stakeholder consultations were conducted between 14h July 2020 and 13th September 2020. Due to restrictions in travelling to the project site due to Covid 19, virtual consultations were held using Google Meet with all the stakeholders. Table below lists the key stakeholders consulted.
1. Island Council of Dh.Meedhoo 2. Dhaalu Atoll Council 3. Maldives Marine Research Institute 4. Ministry of Environment 5. National Disaster Management Authority 6. Fishermen in Dh.Meedhoo 7. Wholesale and retail traders in Dh.Meedhoo 8. Speed boat operators in Dh.Meedhoo
4.2 Summary of Findings
Major issues faced with the current harbour included inadequate space for vessels, shallowing of the basin and low outer breakwater exposing the harbour basin to strong wave activity.
The consultations revealed concerns and differences in opinion with regards to the proposed harbour design. One of the major issues raised by the community and councils was with regards to the northern side of the harbour. This area is currently blocked due to the inflow of sediment and the proposed design includes building a quay wall at this area. Questions were raised regarding the effectiveness of the quay wall to remedy the issue currently faced.
Concerns were also raised regarding the loss of the recreational area and beaching area located on the southern end of the harbour. The proposed design includes building a quay wall covering the entire length of this area. Concerns were also raised regarding the impacts on the area used for recreation following harbour development. Residents were concerned that harbour development might cause further erosion and loss of this land area.
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Findings from the consultations were discussed with the proponent and contractor. The proponent has agreed to consider any alternative designs to the harbour as long as the quantity of the components required does not vary. Ministry of Environment recommended to ensure minimal impact on the sea mounts within the proposed new basin.
The issues and recommendations highlighted by the stakeholders have been grouped in to their representative category and summarized in the Table 4.4 below.
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Table 4.1 Summary of findings from stakeholder consultations
Dh.Meedhoo Island Council History of the Harbour
Date: 23.7.2020 - The existing harbour (1,100 ft) was developed in the year 2012 .
Time: 1345hrs Challenges in using the harbour
Participants: - The harbour is currently in bad condition. Mooring hooks are also not functional and residents have made their own makeshift hooks for the time being. 1. Iyas Ismail Latheef, Council President - The harbour is too small to accommodate all the vessels in the island.
- The outer breakwater of the existing quay wall is a bit low which causes waves to enter the harbour during stormy weather. Some vessels have been damaged due to this.
View on harbour redevelopment design
- Harbour design was discussed with residents and some amendments to the design were proposed. This includes making the harbour expansion area smaller to leave a beaching area. They also want a connection between the main island and the small reclaimed land. Additionally, it would be useful if the breakwaters were built with a pavement area as there is about 6 feet space there.
- The initial design did not include a breakwater for the harbor but it did include a road with a culvert system that connects the small reclaimed island with the main island. The Council requested amendments to the design to include a breakwater and to make the harbor smaller than planned. Later designs had included the breakwater but omitted the connection between islands which the residents want.
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- The harbor amendments were requested by the Island Council in late 2019. There has not been any communication between the Island Council and MNPHI this year regarding the harbor.
- It is not believed that there will be any excess sand and that additional sand will be needed for the project. If there is any excess sand the Island Council will show areas for stockpiling.
Recommendations
- Develop a connection between Meedhoo and the reclaimed land area.
- Develop the outer breakwater as a usable walkway where vegetation can also be planted.
Dh Atoll Council Concerns
Dhaalu Atoll Council - Quay wall on the northern side of the harbour will not solve the issue of sediment inflow into the basin. Date: 13.9.20 Recommendations Time: 1030 hrs - Develop the northern side of the harbour with an alternative design to ensure usability for the future. The current design with a quay wall on the northern end will be inadequate and will Participants: result in the same issues faced with the current harbour. The area should be open to allow water flow. 1. Ahmed Shaafiu, Atoll Council President - Develop the breakwater so that it can be used for vessel docking. 2. Ibrahim Nasir, Atoll Council Vice President - If the entire southern side is to be developed with a quay wall then the ramp should be moved 3. Moosa Hussain, Assistant Director more to the south (towards the beaching area). The slope of the ramp can still allow for vessel beaching.
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Ministry of Environment Concerns
Date: 14.07.2020 - Source of sand for the deeper harbour expansion area.
Recommendation Time: 1000hrs
- Harbour expansion should be line with development plans of the island. Participants:
- The reef patch in the area for harbour expansion should be surveyed and attempts should be 1. Ahmed Anwar, Assistant made to reduce damage. Director Mahid Abdul Rahman Maldives Marine Research Institute Recommendation
Date: 21.7.2020 - Conduct marine assessment a minimum of 3 locations in the island to get a good representative
Time: 1100hrs of the island. A Full benthic assessment and fish composition should be included. - Check if there are any bait fishery grounds in the vicinity of the project site. Participants: - Check for any turtle sightings in the island.
1. Nizam Ibrahim, Senior Research Officer
National Disaster Management - Generic Comments shared by NDMA is attached Appendix C1. Authority
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4.3 Consultation with Island Community
In order to practice social distancing, no physical meetings were held with the community regarding this project during the field visit. Community consultation was held virtually on 3rd September 2020 from 20:30-22:30, using Google Meet.
Attendees for the community consultation included fisherman, boat operators, traders, teachers and members of the general public. Approximately 15 people participated in the consultation. The list of meeting attendees was not received from the Island Council at the time of EIA submission.
The main concern with regards to the existing basin was the inadequate size of the harbor basin and the rough condition inside the basin due to the low outer breakwater. There were also concerns of sediments moving into the basin primarily from the northern corner of the harbour.
The main concern with regards to the proposed design was that the proposed harbor expansion may impact the area used for beaching vessels and for recreation. The community uses the small reclaimed area for recreation and there were serious concerns regarding this matter. There were recommendations to explore the options of developing the harbour whereby the community of the island can use both the beach and the harbour in a resourceful way. There were also concerns that the proposed design does not include the redevelopment of the existing outer breakwater.
Table below presents the key concerns in using the existing harbour and the recommendations put forward by the community. A long discussion was held and multiple ideas were put forward and it was agreed that the consultant will provide alternative concept design to Island Council to consult with the community.
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Table 4.2 Summary of findings from community consultation meeting
Concerns with Existing Harbour Space limitations in the harbour basin was a major issue identified by majority of the people.
The main employment sector of the island is fisheries and at present there are about 26 fishing vessels and this is expected to increase to ~50 in the next 20 years. Inadequate size of the basin There are also about 10-12 launches on the island at present. About 4 or 5 launch vessels are added to the vessel fleet of the island every year.
The existing breakwater is too low and it does not provide adequate protection from strong wave Breakwater activity in the harbour basin. Shallowing of the harbour basin is a major concern. The northwest corner of the existing harbour Harbour basin basin is now blocked due to sand that has entered the basin. Recommendations - Increased the elevation of the breakwater.
- Develop the outer breakwater and the northern side of the existing harbour basin in a way that it can be used for vessels to be docked. Breakwater - It was also recommended to develop the breakwater with an area backfilled between two revetments.
- Connect the breakwater with the reclaimed area in the island.
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- Some residents want to connect the existing breakwater of the island with the proposed breakwater.
- Leave a concrete jetty on the beaching area as it is now. Beaching Area - Make the quay wall shorter to keep the beaching area. - Develop the northern end of the harbour with a long quay wall, in a way that maximum use can be made.
Northern end of the harbour basin - Develop the northern end of the basin with a bridge that allows water flow.
- Ensure adequate water flow into the basin.
Others - Connect the reclaimed land area to Meedhoo.
- Develop a T jetty at the area connecting the existing basin with the new basin.
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4.4 Internal Stakeholder Meeting
An internal stakeholder meeting was held between the consultant, proponent (MNPHI) and contractor (MTCC) on 9th September 2020 at 11:30 AM virtually via Microsoft Teams. List of people attended the meeting is attached in Appendix C1.
The following people attended the meeting;
1. Mohamed Muslih, Project coordinator, MNPHI 2. Ahmed Iyaz, Senior Technical Manager, MTCC 3. Hamdhoon Khaleel Technical Manager, MTCC 4. Mamdhooh Ali Environmental Engineer, MTCC 5. Mariyam Milhath Gudurathulla Environmental Engineer, MTCC
The purpose of the meeting was to share the critical issues identified during stakeholder and public consultation meetings. The consultant identified the following issues which were identified during the consultation with the community;
1. Proposed quay wall for the northern side of the existing harbour being inadequate to prevent sediment inflow into the basin. 2. The breakwater of the existing harbour basin is low and it is exposing the harbour basin to strong wave activity. 3. Differences in opinion within the fishermen and the community regarding the proposed design 4. The impacts of harbour redevelopment on the reclaimed land to the south of the basin. 5. Presence of sea mounts within the harbour expansion area.
For each issue, discussions were carried out to determine the best possible approach for the project. The following table summarises the discussion and conclusions made.
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Table 4.3 Summary of discussion of the meeting with internal stakeholders
Aspect Discussion The consultant highlighted that development of a quay wall by itself will not solve the issue of sediment inflow into the harbour basin. Sediment inflow is one of the major issues hindering usability of the current harbour basin. Sediment has Proposed quay currently blocked the north western side of the basin and caused shallowing of the basin. wall for the northern side of The consultant agreed to propose an alternative design which can reduce the risk of sediment inflow into the harbour. An the existing alternative design to prevent sediment inflow is to extend the arm of the breakwater. Two arms can be constructed (of harbour ~50m and ~20m length). Materials for these structures can be sourced from existing rock to reduce construction costs.
It was agreed the MTCC and the proponent will evaluate the alternatives and discuss with the Island Council. The consultant highlighted issues raised during community consultations regarding the existing breakwater. Stakeholders highlighted that the height of the existing breakwater is too low. Waves crash over the breakwater and make the harbour Elevation of the basin rough. The consultant recommended to address this issue as the proposed design does not include any changes to existing the existing harbour structures. The minimum height of the proposed outer breakwater should be ~1.7m. breakwater
It was recommended to consider this when constructing the new breakwater and adjust the height accordingly. Community consultations revealed that the community had different views on harbour design. The proposed quay wall Differences in for the southern side of the harbour would mean that the beaching area is lost. It was recommended by some members to opinion within the construct a partial quay wall/ concrete jetty and leave aside some space for beaching vessels. However, only about 15 community people attended the community consultation. Additional recommendations that were received during the consultation was shared with the proponent and MTCC. This included the construction of a T-Jetty (30m x 30 m), making the outer
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Aspect Discussion regarding the breakwater usable and connecting the proposed breakwater with the existing breakwater. It was also asked during proposed design consultations why the proposed quay wall for the southern side of the harbour does not follow the existing concrete jetty and is further inwards. The consultant shared with the proponent that if the design is changed to move the quay wall to
follow the existing jetty then it will reduce the amount of dredging needed and save costs. However, the contractor had concerns with regards to the source of backfilling material.
It was also shared that the community views included connecting the reclaimed land area with Meedhoo with a culvert system. The proponent does not think that this is feasible within this project as it falls outside of the scope of a harbour development project and it would be costly.
The proponent suggested that alternative designs be shared directly with them so that they can share it with the Island Council. It was agreed to share alternatives with the proponent and MTCC. The reclaimed land area to the south of the basin is currently used by the community for swimming and recreational
Impacts of activities. The community raised concerns regarding the effects of harbour redevelopment on this piece of land. The land harbour has already been severely eroded. redevelopment on Mitigation measures that can be taken to protect this land area was discussed with the proponent and contractor. The the reclaimed consultant highlighted that the best option would be to construct a 25m groyne on the western side of the land (on the land area to the side near the proposed outer breakwater). This would reduce the impact of wave action on the land. Another option is to south of the basin extend the breakwater to 100m length. However, this would be more costly.
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Aspect Discussion It was decided that mitigation measures will be included in the alternative designs and it will be shared with the proponent and the contractor. It was agreed the MTCC and the proponent will evaluate the alternatives and discuss with the Island Council. The consultant recommended that although the community has no objections to removing sea mounts, it is better for the Sea mounts within sea mounts falling within the basin be kept as they are. There is a channel of ~30m which would still allow vessels to the area for travel between the sea mounts and lights can be placed to indicate the presence of sea mounts as a safety precaution. harbour redevelopment The proponent and MTCC agreed to take this into consideration.
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4.5 Materiality Issues
The materiality issues identified by the stakeholder are listed in the table below.
Table 4.4 Materiality issues
Aspect Issues and concerns Existing Harbour The current harbour basin is inadequate for docking all the vessels of the island. The island is a fisheries island with a large vessel fleet that Inadequate size of the is expected to keep on increasing over the years. Tourism development basin has also been planned for the island, which will further increase the vessel fleet and demand for space in the harbour. The existing breakwater of the harbour basin is too low which causes Existing breakwater waves to crash over the breakwater. This makes the harbour basin rough and challenging to use. Sediment inflow into the basin has caused shallowing of the basin over Sediment inflow into the time. The northwest corner of the harbour is currently blocked with basin sediment. Proposed Harbour Design The separate area of reclaimed land to the south of the harbour basin is Loss of area used for currently used by the community for swimming and recreational swimming and activities. Community members were concerned that harbour recreational activities development will impact the beach area. The area to the south of the harbour basin is currently used for beaching vessels. This is the only area on the island that is currently used for this purpose as a revetment has been constructed all around the island after Loss of area used for reclamation. The proposed design includes building a quay wall which beaching vessels covers the entire area used for vessel beaching. It was recommended during consultations to reduce the length of the quay wall and leave space for a beaching area or to have a concrete jetty as it is now.
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5 Alternatives
5.1 No Project Alternative
The option of ‘No Project’ has been evaluated for the proposed harbour development in Meedhoo. The table below provides the summary of the evaluation.
Table 5.1 Summary of 'No Project' alternative
Options Advantages Disadvantages No harbour development Marine biodiversity will not The expanding fishing fleet be impacted will be hampered and economic growth may be Potential for hydrodynamic affected. alterations and future erosions are avoided Public (particularly boat owners and fishermen) No cost to the proponent. discontent with the Government. The budget can be allocated for other development
projects Challenges due to the Loss of recreational areas on inadequate berthing space for the western end of main the growing fishing vessel island avoided. fleet in the island.
The redevelopment of the harbour in Meedhoo will bring substantial positive benefits to the community including expansion of fishing fleet and economic growth. Therefore, the drawbacks of the ‘No Project’ alternative outweighs the significant positive impacts of a expanding the harbour.
Therefore, it is highly recommended to go ahead with the proposed expansion. However, the scale and design of expansion needs to take into account the general public needs of maintaining boat maintenance areas and recreational areas. Alternative design based on stakeholder consultations are presented in the next section.
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Mitigation measures for the proposed project is presented in Chapter 9 (page 157-167)
5.2 Alternative Harbour Design
As presented in the previous chapter, discussions with the public during the public consultation meetings revealed the following concerns about the project design:
b. The proposed new quaywall is located in a place where public is currently using the site as a recreational area. The loss of the recreational beach was identified a serious concern. c. The proposed new quaywall site is also partly being used as boat beaching and maintenance area. Loss of this site, according to the participants, leaves the island with no viable location for boat maintenance work. d. The harbour needed a T-jetty type area for loading and unloading.
In addition to these some critical aspects in the design in relation to environmental processes and assets were identified as being detrimental. These include:
a. There is considerable sand migration on the northern end of the harbour where the new quaywall is planned. It is important to block the sediment flow while allowing water flow. b. The small reclaimed island on the western end is currently eroding. The proposed new breakwater may put additional pressure on this site. Erosion mitigation is necessary.
Based on the feedback and environmental concerns, an alternative design was prepared and presented to Proponent, Contractor and Island Council. The revised design is presented in Figure 2.3. The design has been endorsed by all three parties.
Given that the current design has been replaced prior to the EIA submission, the alternative is now used as the revised design and is explained in detail in the Chapter 2.
The EIA report has been prepared based on the alternative concept, hence the mitigation measures proposed in Chapter 9 (page 157-167) will be followed.
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5.3 Alternative Dredging Methods
The possible alternate methods for acquiring suitable fill material for reclamation are provided in Table 5.2 below.
Table 5.2: Summary of dredging options
Options Advantages Disadvantages Most common method practiced Smothering of corals and increased siltation by contractors for small scale due to extra dredging for the creation of the Excavator on projects temporary sand beds temporary sand bed Does not require specialised skill Excessive impacts on marine life
Very cost-effective Dredging works can be Requires highly skilled operators completed within a short time Not suitable for small scale dredging works Cutter frame suction Very high cost
dredger Higher environmental impacts for process water over flow. Environmentally friendly; less Difficult to operate in limited space. siltation as unnecessary dredging Extra cost associated with additional Excavator on is avoided equipment such as a tug to haul the barge barge (Preferred Cannot operate if lagoon is too shallow option) Cannot operate due to wave activity in the area
Based on the above assessment, though the use of a cutter suction dredger minimises the time taken for the dredging work, due to the small scale of the project it is not financially feasible. It is therefore recommended that excavators mounted on a barge be used for the dredging works.
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Mitigation measures for the proposed project is presented in Chapter 9 (page 157-167).
5.4 Alternative Sedimentation Control Measures
Table 5.3 below indicates the alternative technologies for the sediment containment.
Table 5.3 Summary of sediment containment measures
Type of Advantages Disadvantages Measure Environmentally friendly High impact on marine environment. Bund Wall (Preferred Durable Cheaper option option) Cost effective Durable Large quantities not locally available Silt screen Easy to handle Costly.
Environmentally friendly
For this project, bund walls are preferred due to the small area covered and the small size of the project and the financial feasibility of the option.
Mitigation measures for the proposed project is presented in Chapter 9 (page 157-167).
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6 BASELINE ENVIRONMENT
6.1 Geological Setting of Meedhoo
Meedhoo is located on the north eastern rim of Dhaalu Atoll with a total land area of approximately 30 ha. Meedhoo and the reef system is oriented in NE-SW direction. The reef system of Meedhoo is small, approximately 56 Ha. The average depth of the reef flat is ~1.4 MSL. Meedhoo is the only island on the reef system and land area makes up ~40% of the reef system. Deep lagoon within the reef system covers about 6 Ha. About 70% of the island is reclaimed.
6.2 Existing Harbour Condition
The existing harbour in Meedhoo is located in the south western side of the island measuring approximately 223 m by 90 m. The entrance channel is located towards the northern side of the harbour and it measures approximately 30 m in width.
A harbour development project was carried out in the 1990’s which involved limited dredging and quay wall construction. Funding for a more structured harbour development project was received in 2011 and a harbour was developed with a basin of 17,000 sqm, breakwater and quay wall.
One of the main issues with the existing harbour basin is the inflow of sediment into the harbour basin. Sediment enters the basin through the northern side of the harbour and the north western side of the basin is now blocked with sediment. The inflow of sediment has also caused shallowing of the basin. Additionally, the basin is exposed to strong wave activity over the breakwater, primarily due to the low elevation of the breakwater.
The size of the harbour basin is also insufficient for the growing fleet of vessels in the island. Meedhoo is a fisheries island with a large fleet of fishing vessels.
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Figure 6.1 Quay wall at the harbour
Figure 6.2 Vessels docked at the harbour indicating shallowing of the harbour basin
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6.3 Climate
Long-term data is available for 5 weather stations across the Maldives, which are K. Hulhule’, H.Dh. Hanimaadhoo, L. Kadhdhoo, G.Dh. Kaadehdhoo and S. Gan. Though L. Kadhdhoo is a few kilometers closer to Dh. Meedhoo than K. Hulhule’, data from K. Hulhule’ is available for a longer period and tidal data is available at Hulhule’. Thus data from Hulhule’ has also been used to describe weather parameters that will affect Meedhoo. Tidal values provided by Maldives Meteorological Service are predictions based on data collected between 1st January 1989 to 31st December 2001.
As Maldives lies on the equator, Maldives receives plenty of sunshine throughout the year. Significant variation is observed in the climate between the northern and the southern atolls. The annual average rainfall in the southern atolls is higher than the northern atolls. In addition, greater extremes of temperature are also recorded in the southern atolls.
Table 6.1Summary of meteorological information of K. Hulhule’ (Maldives Meteorological Service, 2019)
Parameter Data Average Annual Rainfall 1992.89 mm Maximum Daily Rainfall 175.90 mm (23-12-1977) Average Air temperature 28.43 °C Extreme Air Temperature 34.2°C (2014); 19°C (1984) Average wind speed 17.74 km/hr Maximum wind speed 144.8 km/hr (3 November 1978) Average air pressure 1011 mb in August; 1010 mb in March
6.3.1 Monsoons
The climate of Maldives is characterised by the monsoons of the Indian Ocean. Two monsoon seasons are observed in Maldives: The Northeast (Iruvai) and the Southwest (Hulhangu) monsoon. The parameters that best distinguish the two monsoons are wind and rainfall patterns. The southwest monsoon is the rainy season while the northeast monsoon is the dry season. The southwest monsoon occurs from May to September and the northeast monsoon is from December to February. The transition period of southwest monsoon occurs between March and April while that of northeast monsoon occurs from October to November.
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6.3.2 Winds
The winds that occur across Maldives are mostly determined by the monsoon seasons. The two monsoons are considered mild given that Maldives is located close to the equator. As a result, strong winds and gales are infrequent although storms and squall lines can occur, usually in the period May to July. During stormy conditions gusts of up to 111km/hr have been recorded at Male’.
Wind direction and speeds show considerable uniformity in the past twenty-plus monsoon seasons in the Maldives (Naseer, 2003). Wind analysis indicates that the monsoon is considerably stronger in central and northern region of Maldives compared to the south (Naseer, 2003). Table 6.2 summarises the wind conditions in central Maldives throughout a year.
Table 6.2Summary of General Wind Conditions from National Meteorological Centre
Season Month Wind December Predominantly from NW-NE. NE – Monsoon January February
March From all directions. Mainly W. Transition Period 1 April High Speeds from W. May
June Mainly from W. SW - Monsoon July
August High Speeds from W. September
Mainly from W. Transition Period 2 October High Speeds from W
Figure 6.3 below shows the monthly predominant directions through the years 1975-2019 in Hulhule’. According to this the dominant wind direction is West and West North West. Westerly winds dominate during the months April to November.
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The Disaster Risk Profile of Maldives (UNDP, 2006) reports 11 cyclonic events over the Maldives in the last 128 years and only one event over the central Maldives. All these events were of category 1 cyclones. There have been no cyclonic events since 1993. The project site is in the Cyclonic Wind Hazard Zone 4 (UNDP, 2006) with the probable maximum wind speeds of 156 km/hr.
Figure 6.3 Wind Frequencies recorded at K. Hulhule’ from 1975 to 2019
6.3.3 Rainfall
The average annual rainfall at Hulhule’ is 1993 mm. There is significantly less variation in the annual rainfall recorded at Hulhule’ with greater number of dry days.
The distribution of rainfall across the months is uneven (Figure 6.4) with the months of January, February, March, and April getting significantly lower rainfall. This is regarded as the dry season in the Maldives. February is the driest month of the year with a total of 1843 mm of rain over the course of 45 years while in October, the wettest month of the year, it rained 5 times as much.
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However, in 2019 rainfall was lowest in March. Despite this difference the rainfall in 2019 was still following the similar trend observed over the last 45 years and the highest rainfall in 2019 was still in October, the wettest month for central Male’ region.
Total rainfall by month (2019 vs last 45 years)
450 12000
400 10000 350
300 8000
250 6000 200 Total Rainfall (mm) Rainfall Total 150 4000
100 2000 50
0 0
April May June July March January August February October September November December 2019 1975 - 2019
Figure 6.4 Variation in rainfall at Hulhule every month from 1975-2019 (Source: MET, 2020)
Figure 6.5 shows the total rainfall by year in Hulhule’ for the past 45 years. Year 2006 had the highest total rainfall with 2711 mm followed by 1978 with 2670 mm. These two recorded extremes are more than 1.3 times greater than the average total rainfall for Hulhule’ which is 1993 mm.
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Total Annual Rainfall at Hulhule’ (1975-2019)
3000
2500
2000
1500 Rainfall (mm) Rainfall 1000
500
0 19751977197919811983198519871989199119931995199719992001200320052007200920112013201520172019
Figure 6.5 Annual Rainfall at K. Hulhule’ (1975 – 2019; Source: MMS)
Figure 6.6 below shows the total rainfall by month at L.Kahdhoo during 2019. Kahdhoo is closer to Meedhoo by a few Km than Hulhule’. Highest rainfall at Kahdhoo in 2019 was during Novemner, with a total of 475.9 mm of rainfall throughout the month. March was the driest month of the year with 60.3 mm of rainfall.
Total rainfall by month at L.Kahdhoo (2019) 500
450
400
350
300
250
200
Total Rainfall (mm) Rainfall Total 150
100
50
0
April May June July March January August February October September November December
Figure 6.6 Total Rainfall at L.Kahdhoo (2019; Source: MMS)
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The total annual rainfall at L.Kahdhoo from 1990-2019 has been shown in Figure 6.7. Average annual rainfall for Kahdhoo is 2230 mm. The total amount of rainfall received in the past two years exceed the average amount of rainfall.
Total Annual Rainfall at L.Kahdhoo (1990-2019)
3500.0
3000.0
2500.0
2000.0
1500.0 Rainfall (mm) Rainfall
1000.0
500.0
0.0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Figure 6.7 Total Annual Rainfall at L.Kahdhoo (1990-2019; Source: MMS)
6.3.4 Temperature
Daily temperatures of Hulhule’ vary little throughout the year with a mean annual temperature of 28.4 °C.
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Annual temperature ranges in Hulhule’ (1975 - 2019)
36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019
Min temp Mean temp Max temp Linear (Mean temp)
Figure 6.8 Mean temperature by year in Hulhule’- 1975-2019 (Source:MET, 2020)
Monthly temperatures in Hulhule’ (2019)
36.0 33.6 33.4 33.0 33.4 34.0 32.8 32.9 32.5 32.6 32.1 32.0 31.7 31.2 32.0 30.3 30.1 29.7 29.7 29.6 29.5 30.0 28.9 28.9 28.4 28.0 28.4 28.2 28.0 25.3 25.1 26.0 24.6 24.7 23.6 24.0 23.9 23.4 23.4 23.0 23.2 24.0 22.5 22.0 20.0 18.0
April May June July March January August February October September November December
Minimum Mean Maximum
Figure 6.9 Monthly temperature at Hulhule in 2019 (Source: MET 2020)
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6.4 Hydrology
6.4.1 Tidal Pattern
Tides in the Maldives are mixed and semi-diurnal/diurnal. Water levels at the site vary mainly in response to tides, storm surge or tsunamis. Tidal variations are referred to the standard station at Hulhulé Island. Typical spring and neap tidal ranges are approximately 1.0 m and 0.3 m, respectively (MEC, 2004). Maximum spring tidal range in Hulhulé is approximately 1.1 m. There is also a 0.2 m seasonal fluctuation in regional mean sea level, with an increase of about 0.1 m during February to April and a decrease of 0.1 m during September to November. Table 6.3 summarizes the tidal elevations reported at Hulhulé, which is representative of tidal conditions at the project site.
Table 6.3 Tidal Variations at Hulhule’ International Airport
Tide Level Referred to Mean Sea level Highest Astronomical Tide (HAT) +0.64 Mean Higher High Water (MHHW) +0.34 Mean Lower High Water (MLHW) +0.14 Mean Sea Level (MSL) 0.00 Mean Higher Low Water (MHLW) -0.16 Mean Lower Low Water (MHLW) -0.36 Lowest Astronomical Tide (LAT) -0.56
Tidal measurements at Hulhule’ have been shown in Figure 6.10. The maximum tidal variation observed for this period is 88.3 cm. Mean sea level during this period was 189.2 cm.
Tide chart for Hulhule’ (3 August - 16 August) 90
70
50
30
10
-10 0:26 1:11 1:49 2:23 2:56 3:27 4:00 4:37 5:24 6:33 8:25 13:18 13:50 14:18 14:44 15:09 15:32 15:54 16:16 16:38 17:03 17:34 10:16 19:09 11:19 21:41 12:02 23:09 -30 3-Aug 4-Aug 5-Aug 6-Aug 7-Aug 8-Aug 9-Aug 10-Aug11-Aug 12- 13-Aug14-Aug15-Aug16-Aug Aug Figure 6.10 Tide Measurements at Hulhule’ – 3 August 2020 – 16 August 2020 (Source:IOC Sea Level)
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6.4.2 Wave Conditions
There are two major types of waves observed along the islands of Maldives. The first type is wave generated by local monsoon wind with a period of 3-8 seconds and the second type is swells generated by distance storms with a period of 14-20 seconds [Kench et. al (2006), DHI (1999), Binnie Black & Veatch (2000), Lanka Hydraulics (1988a & 1998b)]. The local monsoon predominantly generates wind waves, which are typically strongest during April-July in the southwest monsoon period. Wave data for Male and Hulhulé’ between June 1988 and January 1990 (Lanka Hydraulics 1988a & 1998b) shows that the maximum significant wave height (Hs) recorded for June was 1.23 m with a mean period (Tm) of 7.53s. The maximum recorded Hs for July was 1.51 m with a Tm of 7.74s. The mean wave periods were 5.0 – 9.0s and the peak wave periods were within 8.0 – 13.0s. Site specific and detailed waves studies are not available for Dh. Meedhoo.
Maldives experiences occasional flooding caused by long distance swell waves that are generated by South Indian Ocean storms (Goda, 1988). The swell waves of height 3 m that flooded Male’ and Hulhulé’ in 1987 are said to have originated from a low-pressure system off west coast of Australia. In addition, Maldives has recently been subject to an earthquake- generated tsunami reaching heights of 4.0 m on land (UNDP, 2006). Historical wave data from Indian Ocean countries show that tsunamis have occurred in more than 1 occasion, most notable has been the 1883 tsunami resulting from the volcanic explosion of Karakatoa (Choi et al., 2003).
Based on existing wave and wind data, the predicted wave patterns around the island are summarized in Figure 6.11
Being located on the northeastern rim of the atoll, the island is generally exposed to strong NE monsoon and monsoonal transition period wind waves. The wide fetch between Dhaalu and Meemu atoll allows for the formation of swells that can affect the eastern, northern and southern rim of the reef system. During the SW monsoon the island generally protected from strong monsoon generated swells but the wide fetch within the atoll can lead to strong conditions on the southern half of the lagoon. Generally, it is these conditions that make it difficult for vessels to be moored in the deep inner lagoon during SW monsoon.
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Waves studies around Maldives have identified the presence of swell waves approaching predominantly from a southwest to a southerly direction Kench et. al (2006), Young (1999), DHI (1999), Binnie Black & Veatch (2000) and Naseer (2003). Maldives also experiences occasional flooding caused by long distance swell waves that are generated by South Indian Ocean storms (Goda, 1988). The project site is exposed to swell approaching from the SE these swells. These swells are expected to be incident at the site throughout the year with wave heights peaking between May and September. The presence of Meemu atoll to the east of Dhaalu Atoll offers some protection from the SE swells but the opening between Meemu and Thaa atoll allows wave rays to from SE to reach the site with only partial construction.
The effects of SW monsoon swells are largely controlled due to the presence of western rim reefs and patch reefs within the atoll. However, residual swell waves penetrate through the western rim and may reach the project site, albeit with reduced energy.
6.4.3 Currents
In general, currents which affect the seas around the islands reef system can be the result of one or more tidal currents, wind-induced currents and wave-induced currents. It is presumed that generally current flow through the country is defined by the two-monsoon season winds.
Westward flowing currents are dominant from January to March with the change in current flow pattern taking place in April and December (Kench et. al, 2006). In April the westward currents become weak while the eastward currents start to take over. In December the eastward currents are weak with the westward currents becoming more prominent. Hence, currents within this site are very likely to be heavily influenced by the monsoons. However, these measurements will be affected by the tidal cycle as well.
Currents measurements were undertaken on the island during field visits (SW monsoon) during mid tide around evening. Generally, long-term studies are required to establish the prevailing site-specific current patterns. However, due to time limitations of the present study, a snapshot assessment was under using drogue technique. Measured current flow at the sites is provided in Figure 6.12 below. The flow varies between the atoll reef passes and the lagoon. The lagoon flow is slower due to the presence of islands while that of the reef pass during peak ebb and flood tide is very strong.
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Figure 6.11 Estimated waves at project site
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Figure 6.12 currents measured at project location
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6.5 Risk of Natural Hazards
Information included in this section has been sourced from the 2006 UNDP report, “Developing a Disaster Risk Profile for Maldives”. According to the report, Maldives has a moderate disaster risk scenario.
Tsunami risk
Maldives has been subject to an earthquake-generated tsunami reaching heights of 4.0 m on land in 2004 (UNDP, 2006). Historical wave data from Indian Ocean countries show that tsunamis have occurred in more than 1 occasion, most notable has been the 1883 tsunami resulting from the volcanic explosion of Karakatoa (Choi et al., 2003). The estimated return period for the type of tsunami that occurred on the 26th of December 2004 is 219 years.
The threat of tsunamis is more for islands along the east of Maldives than for those islands along the northern and southern fringes of Maldives. Islands along the western fringe of Maldives have a relatively low tsunami hazard. Meedhoo is geographically located at a high risk tsunami hazard zone on the eastern rim of Dhaalu Atoll. The range of probable maximum wave height for this zone is 3.2 m - 4.5m.
Earthquake hazard
Earthquake hazard risk is low across the Maldives except for Gnaviyani, Gaaf Alif, Gaaf Dhaal Atolls and Addu City. Meedhoo is in the lowest risk seismic hazard zone 1.
Swell Waves and Storm Surges
In addition to swell waves, islands of the Maldives are also exposed to storm surges associated with localised storms and cyclonic events. Meedhoo falls into storm surge hazard zone 2 which has a predicted storm surge height of 0.45 m, average tide height of 0.93m and storm tide height of 1.38 m.
Cyclone Wind Hazard
The Disaster Risk Profile of Maldives reports 11 cyclonic events over the Maldives in the last 128 years and only one event over the central Maldives. All of these events were of category 1 cyclones. There have been no cyclonic events since 1993.
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The northern atolls have a greater risk of cyclonic winds when compared to southern atolls. The project site is located in the Cyclonic Wind Hazard Zone 2 with low probable wind speeds (104 km/hr).
Risk Index for Multiple Hazards
Meedhoo is included in the list of top 20 islands with very low multi hazard physical risk index.
Flooding
According to the Island Council, Flooding is an issue for the entire island. Since the island was reclaimed without considering drainage there is no area for flood water to drain to the sea.
6.6 Water Quality Assessment
6.6.1 Ground Water Quality
The primary objective of the marine water quality assessment was to determine the baseline conditions of the ground water around the project site.
Groundwater has a much wider range of acceptable pH levels (6.5 – 8.5). Salinity levels are higher at the storage site compared to the control site. Freshwater has an average salinity of 0.5 ppt. Ground water however can have more dissolved minerals which could lead to higher salinity. Ground water salinity can also be affected by saltwater intrusion and thus the measured salinity can vary depending on proximity from the shoreline. Several other factors like depth of groundwater table, tidal levels at time of sampling and even weather conditions like precipitation intensity before sampling can affect salinity levels of groundwater. Conductivity levels are also higher at the storage site which could be due to the higher salinity level.
Table 6.4 Groundwater quality results assessed at MWSC
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Table 6.4 Ground water quality results
Parameter GW1 (temporary storage site) GW2 (Control)
Physical appearance Clear with particles Clear with particles
Temperature (°C) 19.4 20
Salinity (‰) 1.99 0.58
pH 7.68 7.42
Turbidity (NTU) 0.110 0.128
Conductivity (μS/cm) 3780 1169
6.6.2 Marine Water Quality
The primary objective of the marine water quality assessment was to determine the baseline conditions of the marine water around the project site. Table below shows the results of the seawater tested.
All the parameters analysed were within the optimum recommended range. pH levels for all the sampling locations were well within the recommended optimal range provided by EPA. Turbidity of all tested samples are less than 5 NTU.
Table 6.5 Marine water quality results assessed at MWSC
SW1 (inside SW2 (New SW3 Optimal Parameter Reference harbour) basin) (Control) Range
Physical Clear with Clear with Clear with
appearance particle particles particles Temperature 18°C to GBRMPA, 20.2 20.1 20.3 (°C) 32°C 2009 3.2% - GBRMPA, Salinity (‰) 33.40 33.07 33.04 4.2% 2009 pH 7.72 7.68 7.69 8.0 – 8.3
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Turbidity Cooper et al. 0.132 0.109 0.122 3 – 5 NTU (NTU) 2008
6.7 Bathymetry
A detailed bathymetric survey of the study site was undertaken during the field visit in August 2020. The depth figures presented are in meters below sea level (MSL). The results show that much of the existing basin is currently at a depth of -3 MSL. The basin was originally constructed partly around an existing lagoon. The northern and western side of the harbour has shallowed with sediment inflow and has depths as low as -1 MSL. The deepest area in the existing basin is at a depth of -7 MSL. The expansion area for the basin has varying depths of which the deepest areas have a depth of -19 MSL.
Survey results have been summarized in bathy charts Appendix D
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6.8 Beach
Meedhoo Island has a heavily modified coastal environment. The island has a shoreline of 2.4 km or which only 17% has a sandy beach. The rest are either protected or covered with infrastructure. The existing shoreline for the island, as a baseline, is presented in Figure 6.14. The rest of this section explains the beach conditions in more detail.
Coastal Modifications
The changes undertaken on the island can be summarised as follows:
1. 70% or 23 Ha of the island is reclaimed (See Figure 6.11). Initial reclamation around a quaywall around the southern end was undertaken in 2006. Additional reclamation (< 2.0-3.0 Ha) was undertaken during the harbour construction project in 2012. The main reclamation (15 Ha) was undertaken in 2015-2016 to relieve land shortage. 2. The harbour constructed in 2012 was built in and around the natural lagoon. Dredging was undertaken in shallow areas around it and Quaywall and breakwater was constructed to functionalize the harbour. 3. Shore protection has been undertaken all around the island. The structures mainly comprise of a revetment covering 63% of the shoreline, harbour area covering 20% and as noted above 17% open beach with structures such as groynes protecting them. 4. There is an additional smaller island reclaimed on the western end of the reef during the main reclamation work. The island is about 1.5 Ha and is protected on its western side using a revetment. 5. Overall, about 3.8 Ha was added to the island about 530 m of shoreline has been protected.
These changes have essentially limited the open beach areas on the island and heavily modified the wave propagation, hydrodynamics and sediment transport process around the island. The island is still in the process of adaptation.
6.8.1 Historical Shoreline Changes
As noted above, the shorelines on the island are limited. However, these open areas are known to have undergone substantial erosion and could be attributed mostly to poor design. The changes between the reclamation and present day are presented in Figure 6.14. The results show that the beach created on the NW corner of the reef system lost about 1.2 Ha to erosion. This was primarily due to the reclamation close to the reef edge with minimal sediment
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 97 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll movement controls and in a high energy zone. Much of the material ended up in and around the habrou basin and behind the breakwater.
The reclaimed new island on the western end also underwent substantial erosion. The reason for this change was wave refraction created from SW monsoon wind and swell waves. The pattern is likely to continue. Almost 30% of the reclaimed material has been lost.
6.9 Beach Profiles
Given the limited beach, beach profiles surveys were limited only to the open areas. Beach profiles for the island are presented in Appendix D.
Beach profiles provide invaluable information about the sediment volume, beach slope and changes to volume and slope over time. In addition, the slope, height and width are good indicators of wave and wind conditions, and erosion dominant areas. In general, gentler slopes and wider widths indicate an accreting area with generally lower wave energy and erosion at the time of the survey. Steeper slopes indicate stronger wave energy particularly if the beach material is composed of coarser material. Steeper slopes are also associated with severe erosion, in other areas.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 98 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
Figure 6.13 Coastal Modifications
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 99 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
Figure 6.14 Shoreline changes
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 100 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
6.10 Marine Environment
The aim of this assessment is to establish the baseline condition at the proposed project location.
Quantitative benthic substrate and fish census survey was carried out at select locations of the reef. Overall live coral coverage along the top reef of the islands was very low, <10% live coral coverage recorded at all sites. The following table summarizes the results of the quantitative survey.
Table 6.6 Summary of live coral cover and fish census survey (August 2020)
Survey Site Live Coral Cover Fish Transect Depth (m) % ±SE Species Richness Fish per m2 T-1 1.5 5.82 1.97 39 1.37 T-2 2.0 8.17 3.94 45 1.30 T-3 1.5 4.06 1.66 50 1.53 T-4 1.5 3.64 1.66 48 1.83 T-5 1.5 5.82 1.74 46 1.18
The following section provides the key findings of the marine assessment. Detailed graphs and fish census for each transect is provided in Appendix D.
6.10.1 Photo quadrat survey
Transect 1
Transect T-1 was deployed at 1.5 m depth along the reef edge on the south eastern side of the island.
The transect area was predominantly made up of rocky pavement (76.95%±3SE). Biotic composition along the transect was poor, with macroalgae and corals making up less than 10% of the transect area. Main macroalgae type observed were turf algae growing on rocks and dead corals. Coral colonies recorded at this transect were hardy type corals such as massive corals belonging to families Poritidae (Porites sp.), Faviidae (Favia sp.), and Acroporidae (Asteropora sp.). Very few branching coral colonies belonging Acroporidae family was also recorded.
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A total of 39 species of fishes belonging to 13 different families was recorded within the belt transect. Highest number of fish species was recorded from families Acanthuridae (6 species) and Chaetodontidae (6 species), the most abundant fish species observed at this depth was Fine-lined Bristletooth (Ctenochaetus striatus). Members of Acanthuridae (Surgeonfishes) mainly feeds on algae and zooplankton while members of Chaetodontidae (Butterflyfishes) mainly feeds on coral polyps, algae, small worms and crustaceans.
Four species of fishes belonging to Scaridae (Parrotfish) family was recorded during the fish census. All species of Parrotfish family are protected in the Maldives.
Figure 6.15Benthic substrate composition along T-1 (1.5m) in August 2020.
Transect 2
Transect T-2 was deployed at 2 m depth along the reef edge on the south western side of the island.
The dominant benthic substrate type recorded at this transect was rocky pavement (74.12%±5.67SE), followed by coral rubble (5.43%±2.10SE), sand (4.46%±1.48SE) and macroalgae (4.89%±1.46SE).
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Live coral coverage was very low making up about 8.17%±3.94SE of the transect area. The dominant coral type recorded along the transect line was Porites rus., followed by massive type (Porites sp.) and Pocillopora sp. Few isolated Acropora sp. (table & stubby form) and Favia sp. was observed along the transect.
A total of 45 species of fishes belonging to 16 different fish families was recorded along this transect line. Highest number of fish species was recorded from families Chaetodontidae (7 species) and Labridae (7 species). Members of Labridae (Wrasses) mainly feeds on small benthic invertebrates and zooplanktons.
Six protected species of fishes were recorded during the fish census survey. This include a Whitetip Reef Shark. This species of sharks are listed as Near Threatened in the IUCN Red List (Smale, 2009). The remaining protected species recorded all belonged to the Parrotfish family.
Figure 6.16 Benthic substrate composition along T-2 (2 m) in August 2020.
Transect 3
Transect T-3 was deployed at 1.5 m depth along the western reef edge, adjacent to the existing entrance channel to the island.
Similar to previous transects, the dominant benthic substrate at this site was rocky pavement (80.82%±4.60SE) followed by coral rubble (5.50%±1.57SE). Live coral coverage at this
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 103 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll location was very low (4.06%±1.66SE). Main coral types observed at this site was Porites sp. (massive) and Pocillopora sp.
A total of 50 species of fishes belonging to 17 different fish families was recorded along this transect line. Similar to previous transect the highest number of fish species was recorded from families Labridae (8 species) and Chaetodontidae (8 species).
Similar to previous transect the protected fish species observed along this transect were Whitetip Reef Shark, and five species belonging to family Parrotfish.
Figure 6.17 Benthic substrate composition along T-3 (1.5m) in August 2020.
Transect 4
Transect T-4 was deployed at 1.5 m depth along the north western reef edge of the island, west of the outer harbour wall of the island.
The dominant benthic substrate recorded at this site was also rocky pavement (83.27%±3.61SE).
Live coral coverage along transect was very low (3.64%±1.66SE). The main coral types observed along transect were massive type (Porites sp., Goniastrea sp.). Few isolated colonies of branching corals (Acropora sp.) and Pocillopora sp., were observed along transect. In addition few rocks were observed to be covered in a layer of turf algae (5.82%±1.65SE).
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A total of 48 species of fishes belonging to 14 different fish families was recorded along this transect line. Highest number of fish species was recorded from families Labridae (Wrasses). The most abundant fish species recorded was Two-tone puller and Sergeant Major Damselfishes during fish census, these species mainly feeds on benthic invertebrates, algae and zooplankton.
Five protected species was recorded during the fish census, all belonging to the Parrotfish family.
Figure 6.18 Benthic substrate composition along T-4 (1.5m) in August 2020.
Transect 5
Transect T-5 was deployed at 1.5m depth along the reef edge on the north western side of the island.
The dominant benthic substrate recorded at this site was rocky pavement bottom (82.91%±3.97SE) covered in a layer of sand (7.64%±3.72SE). Macroalgae cover along the transect line was (2.18%±1.25SE)
Live coral cover along the transect line was 5.82%±1.74SE. Main coral types observed along transect were massive type (Porites sp. Platygyra sp.), followed by Porites rus, and Favites halicora and Pocillopora sp.
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A total of 46 species of fishes belonging to 15 different fish families was recorded along this transect line. Highest number of fish species was recorded from families Acanthuridae (7 species) and Chaetodontidae (7 species), the most abundant species observed was Two-tone puller damselfishes.
Five protected species was recorded during the fish census, all belonging to the Parrotfish family.
Figure 6.19 Benthic substrate composition along T- 5 (1.5m) in August 2020
6.10.2 Visual Snorkelling Survey
Visual snorkelling surveys were carried out at select locations of the reef.
Site 1- TS1
The site is located on the western side of the island reef flat adjacent to the existing reef entrance channel. The reef edge at this site was mainly made up of rock and coral rubble. It was observed that live coral cover was low with patches of Porites rus., dominating the upper reef flat followed by isolated Porites massive and few Pocillopora corals. Closer to the outer wall of the harbour the benthic substrate was mainly rocky bottom covered in a layer of sand. The most abundant fish species observed at this site was Convict Surgeonfishes (Acanthurus triostegus).
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Site 2- TS2
The site is located in close proximity to T-3, on the western side of the island reef flat, similar to previous site the reef flat was dominated by rocky benthic substrate with coral rubble. Live coral along the top reef flat was fair with massive type corals belonging to family Poritidae and Porites rus. Back reef facing the inner lagoon was mainly old dead corals covered in algae and coral rubbles with patches of Porites rus.
Site 3- TS3
This site is located on the south eastern side of the island top reef flat. The benthic substrate composition along shallow reef flat facing the island inner lagoon was a sandy bottom interspersed with coral rubble and old dead corals. The reef flat terminates to a gradual reef slope with a drop off.
Site 4- TS4
The site is located on the north western side of the island, adjacent to T-5. The benthic substrate is mainly composed of sandy bottom with rubbles and old dead corals covered in a layer of sand. The dominant coral type observed at this site was mainly Pocillopora with few isolated Massive corals. The most abundant fish species observed on top reef was Fine-lined surgeonfishes while along the reef edge was Blue trigger fishes. Similar to previous sites the reef edge terminates to a steep slope.
Site 5- TS5
This site is located on southeastern side of the island reef. In depths of 1.2m the benthic substrate is mainly composed of sandy bottom with old dead corals. Few colonies of Acropora sp. (table and plate form) was observed in depths of 1.3m, it was observed that the reef flat is mainly rocky bottom covered in layer of sand with reef flat terminating to a steep drop off to the atoll basin. The most abundant fish family observed was surgeonfishes.
6.10.3 Manta tow
Manta tow survey was used to qualitatively determine the general benthic composition of the reef, and reef health along the study area. Survey was conducted along the reef edge from the
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 107 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll north western side to the south eastern side of the island. Water depth along the reef edge varied between 1.5 – 2 m.
Reef edge on the north western side was predominantly made up of rocky bottom (31 – 50%) and coral rubble (11 – 30%). Live coral coverage ranged between 11 – 30% along majority tows and massive type corals were dominant along this area. No significant signs of coral bleaching or coral predation were observed along this area.
Reef edge along the south western and southern sides of the island were also made up of mainly rocky bottom (11 – 30%) and coral rubble (11 – 30%). Live coral coverage was also ranged between 11 – 30% at this area. Dominant coral types was also massive corals however, higher percentage of table corals were observed along this area compared to the western side of the island. No significant signs of coral bleaching or coral predation were observed along this area.
High abundance of reef fishes were observed along all the tows. Two Whitetip Reef Sharks and one Hawksbill Sea Turtle was observed during the survey. Both these species are protected in the Maldives.
Table summarising the results of manta tow surveys is attached in Appendix D. Images from the Manta Tow are attached in Appendix D.
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6.11 Marine Protected Areas and
There are no Environmentally Protected Areas within 5 km radius of the project site. The nearest Environmentally Protected Area is Fushi Kandu which is ~6.6 Km from the project site.
6.12 Environmentally Sensitive Areas
There are no Environmentally Sensitive Areas within a 5 Km radius of the project site. The nearest Environmentally Sensitive Areas are Aloofushi area and Kanneiy Faru Kan which are approximately 8 Km from the project site.
6.13 Terrestrial Environment
6.13.1 General Characteristics
The island of Meedhoo is a medium sized inhabited island (~30ha.) A large area of Meedhoo consists of land which was reclaimed through a project initiated in 2014. Reclaimed land area at Meedhoo still remains vacant apart from a mosque, structures for boat building and agricultural plots. Vegetation on the island is scarcely spread throughout the residential area of the island.
6.13.2 Proposed Harbour Design
Project Site
The key area studied for this was the shoreline vegetation along the proposed project site, along the existing harbour area. The project site has two medium sized trees on the northern end of the harbour which will need to be removed. These include one Kaani (Cordia subcordata) and one Hirundhu (Thespesia populnea). There is also one juvenile palm tree Ruh (Cocos nucifera) and Magoo (Scaevola taccada ) is also scattered to the north of the harbour as seen in Figure 6.20 and 6.22.
Other types of vegetation that may need to be removed include coastal vegetation such as Magoo (Scaevola taccada) on the southern side of the basin at the beaching area. Although there is some vegetation to the east of the existing harbour basin, it is not anticipated that they will be removed.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 109 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
Figure 6.20 Vegetation to the north of the harbour basin
Figure 6.21 Vegetation to the north of the harbour basin
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Figure 6.22 Vegetation at the beaching area
Temporary Storage Site
The area proposed by the Island Council as a temporary project site is located to the south of the harbour, in between the boat building structures and mosque. This area is reclaimed land with no significant vegetation.
Vegetation Types:
An inventory of the flora found within the proposed assessment area is presented in the Table below.
Table 6.7 Flora inventory of Proposed project site(s)
# Scientific Name English Name Dhivehi Name Distribution (ACFOR) 1 Cocos nucifera Coconut palm Dhivehi ruh R 3 Scaevolla taccada Sea Lettuce Magoo R 9 Thespesia populnea Tulip tree Hirundhu R 10 Cordia subcordata Corida Kaani R
NOTE: ACFOR: A: Abundant; C: Common; F: Frequent; O: Occasional; R: Rare
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6.13.3 Vegetation Clearance
Proposed Harbour Design
Vegetation clearance to the northern side of the harbour includes removal of one Kaani (Cordia subcordata) and one Hirundhu (Thespesia populnea).
6.13.4 Replantation of Trees
Area for Replantation
The two removed trees will be replanted in the island in the area around the harbour.
Source of Plants and Schedule of Implementation
Replantation of trees and landscaping will begin towards the end of the harbour redevelopment project. New plants will be sourced from the island itself, using shoot or stem cuttings of existing plants in the island.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 112 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
Figure 6.23 Areas which requires vegetation removal
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6.14 Socioeconomic Environment
6.14.1 Population Characteristics
According to Census 2014, the total population of Meedhoo in 2014 was 929 of which 73 were foreigners. This includes 403 females and 526 males. According to the Island Council the total resident population is between 900 to 1000 at present, with about 300 foreigners.
Figure below shows the resident population by locality in Dhaalu Atoll. While there are 6 administrative islands in Dhaalu Atoll, Meedhoo is the island with the second highest population in the atoll. Dh.Kudahuvahoo, has the highest resident population in the atoll.
Resident Population by Locality in Dhaalu Atoll 3,000
2,500 2,447 2,000
1,500 Population
1,000 929 793 719 500 621
277 - Dh Meedhoo Dh Badidhoo Dh Ribudhoo Dh Hulhudheli Dh Dh Maaeboodhoo Kudahuvadhoo
Figure 6.24 Resident population by locality in Dhaalu Atoll (Source: Census 2014)
Population Pyramid
There was a total of 17 people above the age of 65 in the island recorded in 2014. Elderly people face a bigger risk of injury when getting on and off vessels with jetty in the existing condition. Figure 6.25 below shows the population pyramid of Meedhoo as recorded in Census 2014. The highest population is in the 20-29 age groups.
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Population Pyramid of Dh.Meedhoo
75+ 70-74 65-69 60-64 55-59 50-54 45-49 40-44 35-39 30-34 25-29 20-24 15-19 10-14 5-9 0-4 80 60 40 20 20 40 60 80
Male Female
Figure 6.25 Population pyramid (source: Census 2014)
Population Projection
It is projected the total population of Meedhoo will have an incremental growth over the next years. Projected resident population for Meedhoo for 2054 is 1186. Figure 6.26 below shows the projected mid-year resident population growth curve, taken from the Maldives Population Projections 2014-2054. According to the population projections, the population of Meedhoo will remain quite steady. This further strengthens the fact that a harbour is necessary for the future of the island.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 115 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
Population Projections for Dh.Meedhoo 1400
1200
1000
800
600 Population
400
200
0
2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030 2032 2034 2036 2038 2040 2042 2044 2046 2048 2050 2052 2054
Figure 6.26 Projected Resident Population of Dh.Meedhoo
Sex Ratio
According to data from Census 2014, Meedhoo has a sex ratio of 131. This is higher than the national sex ratio of Maldives which is 107.6 males per 100 females.
Households
According to Census 2014, there are a total of 173 Houses, Flats or Apartments in Meedhoo. During stakeholder consultation, the Island Council stated that there are 190 households at present.
6.14.2 Transport Services
Inventory of vessels in the island
Inventory of vessels at Meedhoo is shown in the table below. There are a total of 63 vessels in the island. This includes 24 fishing vessels and 12 launches.
Table 6.8 Vessel Inventory
Type of vessel Size Number Launch 50 person capacity 1
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Launch 30 person capacity 3 Launch 12 person capacity 2 Launch 10 person capacity 6 Dinghies - 15 Bokkuraa - 10 Cargo Boat 90 feet 2 Reef fishing vessels 40-50 feet 4 Yellofin Tuna fishing vessels 80-100 feet 20 Total 63
Accessibility to the island
The nearest airport is located in Kudahuvadhoo in the same atoll which is approximately a 45- minute speed boat ride from Meedhoo.
Private speed boat launch ferries are operated every week directly from Male’ to Meedhoo. In addition, MTCC ferry boats operate within the atoll providing accessibility to the islands with the atoll.
Land transportation
Bicycles and motorbikes are mostly used within the island. There are few other vehicles including pick-ups which are used for carrying goods and construction material.
6.14.3 Business and Employment
According to Census 2014, there are a total of 335 locals employed in Meedhoo and 66 foreigners. According to the island council of Meedhoo the main employment sectors on the island is fisheries with about 300 fishermen in the island. Harbour development is essential to make it easier for fishermen to dock their vessels and for other vessels which approach the island to purchase fish.
This is also evident from Census data where the main the main employment sector in Meedhoo is the fisheries sector with a total of 180 people employed in 2014 as seen in Figure 6.27
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Women are employed mostly in the education sector. According to the Island Council, women are employed mostly in government jobs and some people also earn income by sewing.
Main Employment Sectors in Dh.Meedhoo 200
150
100
50
0 Fishing Manufacturing Construction Trade Tourism & food Public Education Health servcice administration Female Male
Figure 6.27 Main Employment Sectors in Dh.Meedhoo
Fisheries Sector
According to data from Statistical Yearbook 2019 published by National Bureau of Statistics, there was an 122% increase in the number of fishermen in Dhaalu atoll from 2016 (282) to 2017(628).
Fish caught by vessels registered to Dhaalu Atoll was 5.6% of the total fish caught in the country in 2018. Dhaalu Atoll had the 6th highest fish catch from all the atolls for 2018. In the year 2018, a total of 8.5 thousand metric tonnes of fish was caught by vessels registered to Dhaalu Atoll. This is the highest fish catch for the atoll between 2015-2018.
In 2017, there were on average 42 mechanized masdhoni engaged per month in fishing with a total of 3,930 trips. In 2018, on average 56 mechanized masdhoni were engaged in fishing every month and accounted for 5,581 trips by mechanized masdhoni.
Fisherman of the island highlighted the need for harbour expansion as the current harbour basin is inadequate to dock all the vessels of the island. Rough conditions within the basin also increases the risk of damage to vessels.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 118 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
Redevelopment of the harbour to accommodate the needs of the community can increase opportunities and incur growth of the population in many different sectors. Figure 6.28 below shows the number of fishermen by atoll in 2016 and 2017.
Number of Fishermen by atoll, 2016 - 2017 2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0 HA HDh Sh N R B Lh K AA ADh V M F Dh Th L GA GDh Gn S
2016 2017
Figure 6.28 Number of fishermen by atoll between 2016 and 2017
Income and expenditure
The average monthly income per earner is MVR 7,707 in Dhaalu Atoll. The mean average monthly household income is approximately MVR 21,000. Dhaalu Atoll has an average monthly expenditure per household of MVR 19,648 (HIES, 2016).
Expatriate Worker Employment
It is estimated that there are approximately 177,585 expatriate workers in the Maldives as of March 2020. Majority of workers are Bangladeshi workers (63%) followed by Indian workers (16%) (National Bureau of Statistics, 2020). As seen in Figure below, an overwhelming majority of expatriate workers are male.
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Top 5 nationalities for expatriate employment in Maldives 120000 100000 80000 60000 40000 20000 Number of workers 0 Bangladesh India Sri Lanka Nepal China
Male Female
Figure 6.29 Top 5 Nationalities for Expatriate Employment in Maldives (NBS, 2020)
The highest share of foreign migrant worker employment in the Maldives is in the construction industry. It is estimated that more than 40% of expatriates in Maldives are employed in this industry (National Bureau of Statistics, 2020). Much of the expatriate population of Maldives also includes undocumented workers who do not have a valid work visa. Immigration records estimates that the number of undocumented expatriate worker population is ~62,000. However, the Ministry of Economic Development estimates that this number will be much higher, exceeding 100,000 (Sun Online, 2020). Forty-three thousand undocumented workers were registered at the Ministry of Economic Development under the program held to register workers which was halted temporarily due to Covid-19 (Sun Online, 2020).
The expatriate worker population of Maldives is a highly vulnerable population with many cases where workers have been trafficked and are denied basic human rights. The undocumented expatriate worker population is especially vulnerable as they do not have a valid work visa and therefore, do not have any legally liable employers. Covid-19 has highlighted the appalling conditions in which expatriate workers have been living in, with numerous workers congested in small spaces (Gossman, 2020). Protests have also taken place due to poor living conditions and expatriate workers being denied their salaries. Occupational health and safety aspects are also neglected when it comes to expatriate worker employment with many working without the proper training and personal protective equipment needed for safe work. Fatal accidents involving expatriate workers and the public have occurred due to inadequate training and lack of safety measures at the workplace.
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It is essential that measures be taken to protect the rights of this vulnerable population. The proponent for this project (MHNPI), the contractor (MTCC) and all sub-contractors shall take full responsibility for safeguarding the rights of all workers employed for this project.
6.14.4 Public Services
Banking
There is no ATM at the island. The capital island of the atoll, Dh.Kudahuvadhoo has a BML branch and an ATM. F.Nilandhoo, which is closer to Meedhoo than Kudahuvadhoo also has an ATM.
6.14.5 Healthcare
Meedhoo island has a health centre with primary health care facilities. The residents of the island travel to F.Nilandhoo and Dh.Kudahuvadhoo to seek medical care. Private launches are usually used for these trips.
The MTCC ferry operates within the atoll on all days of the week except for Fridays. However, as the ferry makes multiple stops it takes 2.5-3 hours to reach Dh.Kudahuvadhoo. A direct route by a launch takes 45 minutes to reach Kudahuvadhoo.
6.14.6 Utilities
Electricity
Electricity for the island is provided using diesel powered generator sets. The powerhouse is operated by FENAKA. There is a total of 2 generator sets in Meedhoo with a total capacity of 275 kW. The total daily peak load for the island is 300 kW and an average of 111,607.92 kWh is used monthly (Ministry of Environment, 2018). The construction activities and harbour operation are expected to increase the energy consumption in the island.
Water
An integrated water management system has been included in the budget for 2020. At present, bottled mineral water and rainwater is used for drinking.
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The main types of water used for cooking and drinking by number of households according to Census 2014 are shown in the table below.
Table 6.9 Type of water used for cooking and Drinking
Well Water Desalinated Mineral Use Rain water Total (Ground water) water water Cooking 164 - - 1 165 Drinking 156 - - 19 175
Sewerage System
A sewerage system has been developed at the island.
6.14.7 Waste Management
There is a waste burning site at the island. Waste is taken to the site by households and it is burnt at the site. Waste burning has been outsourced by the Island Council.
6.14.8 Land use planning
Land Use Plan of the island has been approved by Maldives Land and Survey Authority in July 2019. According to the LUP the area near the harbour is to be used as a picnic/beach area. Majority of the vacant reclaimed land has been planned to be given as residential plots, sold as residential plots, public housing units. According to the island council, tourist establishments have been planned within the island’s original land area. The LUP has been attached in Appendix D.
Infrastructure in Proximity to Proposed Design
Land use proposed near the southern harbour area includes a beach area and commercial space.
6.14.9 Community Needs
The island community of Meedhoo is in need of a redeveloped harbour that can provide more berthing space for vessel docking. Given that the island heavily depends on fisheries sector as an income earning source, a harbour is essential for the sustainability and growth of this sector.
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However, harbour redevelopment has been planned in the area which is currently used by the community for recreational activities and for beaching vessels. As this is the only area that is used by the residents for these activities it was requested by the community that harbour redevelopment be carried out in a way that maintains the usability of these areas.
6.15 Sites with Historic or Cultural Significance
There were no sites with Historic or Cultural Significance within the project footprint or within close proximity.
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7 IMPACT IDENTIFICATION
7.1 Introduction
Potential adverse and beneficial impacts of construction and operation stage of the proposed development of the harbour are identified and evaluated in this section. Significant impacts are identified and evaluated in two stages. The first stage identifies the environmental and socio- economic components that may be impacted from key project activities. The second stage determines the significance of impacts of each component. The following sections provide details of the evaluation of impacts.
Nature of potential impacts is defined here as No Impact, Adverse Impact or Beneficial Impact. Table 6.1 below provides the nature of potential impacts from the proposed project on environmental and socio-economic aspects by the project components. Where impacts are not applicable to different components, this is indicated as ‘0’. Some aspects may be affected both adversely (indicated as [-]) and beneficially (indicated as [+]) from the project.
7.2 Impact Identification and Evaluation
Environmental and socio-economic aspects that may be impacted by the project during construction and operation stage is identified in Table 6.1 and Table 6.2 respectively. These are further evaluated to identify significant impacts. Assessments of the impacts are conducted using the four criteria of Magnitude, Reversibility, Duration and Distribution as described below. Evaluation of significant impacts during construction and operation stage is provided in Table 6.3 and Table 6.4 respectively. Figure 7.1 below shows the impact footprint area estimated for both seasons during construction.
Magnitude: Refers to the quantum of change that will be experienced as a consequence of the impact.
Reversibility: Refers to the degree of reversibility of an impact (i.e. ease of reversing the conditions).
Duration: Refers to the temporal scale (i.e. duration, frequency) of the impact. It does not take into account the duration of the impact’s effects.
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Distribution: Refers to the spatial scale of the area impacted (e.g. a small portion of a reef or an entire lagoon)
Estimates for negative impacts represent a ‘worst case scenario’ based on the assumption that the project will undergo full-scale development with no consideration for its environmental and social consequences, i.e. significance is assessed prior to implementation of mitigation measures. Values are attributed by the EIA team on the basis of direct observation of surveyed sites, professional judgment and pre-existing experience in development projects of similar nature.
7.3 Evaluation of Cumulative Impacts
While direct primary impacts are relatively easy to identify and evaluate, special consideration needs to be given to evaluate cumulative impacts. While it is relatively simple to identify and evaluate direct primary impacts, the complex nature of natural systems makes it difficult to accurately predict synergistic and interactive impacts of a particular development project. On the other hand, it is relatively simple to identify potential additive impacts. The following sources of cumulative impacts were considered in evaluating the potential impacts of the proposed project.
- Time crowding: overall impacts of many similar concurrent developments.
- Space crowding: high density of impacts on a single environmental medium.
- Indirect impacts: secondary and tertiary impacts resulting from an activity.
Triggers and thresholds: ecological systems can undergo fundamental changes beyond certain thresholds. Standards and guidelines have been developed based on anticipated threshold levels, for instance, in determining water quality. Such standards have been considered, where available.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 125 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
Figure 7.1 Affected areas of the project
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 126 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
Table 7.1 Impacts during construction stage
Activity during harbour construction
Labour& working conditions GHG Coastal Processes Resource efficiency Pollution Biodiversity Community Vulnerable groups Heritage Land Hire ~40 workers - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Procurement of construction material 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Transport of construction material 0 - 0 - - - 0 0 0 0 Transport of construction equipment 0 - 0 - - - 0 0 0 0 Storage of construction material 0 0 0 0 - 0 - 0 0 0 Storage of construction equipment 0 0 0 0 - 0 - 0 0 0 Site preparation - - 0 - - - - 0 0 0 Accommodation for workers -/+ - 0 - - 0 -/+ 0 0 0 Constructing sand bed ------0 0 0 0 Demolition of existing breakwater (northern side) - - 0 - - - 0 0 0 0 Dredging harbour basin ------0 0 0 0 Land reclamation ------0 0 0 0 Installing breakwater using rock armour - - -/+ - - - 0 0 0 0
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Activity during harbour construction
Labour& working conditions GHG Coastal Processes Resource efficiency Pollution Biodiversity Community Vulnerable groups Heritage Land Installing revetment - - -/+ - - - 0 0 0 0 Installing quay wall using prefabricated L-blocks - - -/+ - - - 0 0 0 0 Installation of street lights - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Installation of navigation lights - - 0 - - - 0 0 0 0 Installation of drainage system - 0 0 0 - - 0 0 0 0 Demobilisation -/+ - 0 - -/+ - 0 0 0 0
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Table 7.2 Impacts during operations stage
Activity during harbour operation
Labour& working conditions GHG Resource efficiency Pollution Biodiversity Community Vulnerable groups Heritage Land Vessel docking, mooring 0 - - - - + 0 0 0 Passengers embarking and disembarking 0 0 0 0 0 -/+ + 0 0 Loading and unloading good and supplies - 0 0 - 0 + 0 0 0 Navigation beacons 0 - - 0 - + 0 0 0 Street lights 0 - - 0 0 + + 0 0 Mooring buoys 0 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 0 Drainage system 0 0 0 0 0 + + 0 + Ramp for landing craft 0 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 0
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Table 7.3 Evaluation of impacts during construction stage
Indirect/cumulative Impact area Direct Impacts Magnitude Reversibility Duration Distribution Significance impacts Impacts during recruitment Feeling of Negative Easily Short National level Significant include hiring workers without dissatisfaction reversible term work permit, using recruitment amongst workers fees, hiring without an which could hinder employment contract and a work and also health screen challenges for contractor to manager workers. Labour & Working Lack of adequate and proper This could lead to poor Negative Easily Short Project site Significant Conditions living conditions, withholding health and fatigue reversible term office in the personal documentation. Lack which could impact island of access to clean water, work performance and sanitation, ventilation delay the project. Inadequate wage, delayed Dissatisfaction Negative Easily Short Project Significant payments and lack of amongst workers reversible term mechanism to express could result in work complains due to language delays barrier
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Indirect/cumulative Impact area Direct Impacts Magnitude Reversibility Duration Distribution Significance impacts Occupational health and Injuries could Major Negative Possibly Long Project site Significant safety impacts include failure to compromise the work Irreversible term provide PPE, working long schedule. hours or in harsh conditions. Risk of injuries, accidents or fatalities during construction stage activities Emissions during transport Contribution to the Minor Negative Reversible in Short National level Insignificant include emissions from vehicles national GHG the long term term and vessels used for importing emission. and transporting materials and equipment used for construction Emissions due to electricity Contribution to the Minor Negative Reversible in Short National level Insignificant GHG Emission consumption in the national GHG the long term term accommodation and project site emission. office Emissions during the Contribution to the Minor Negative Reversible in Short Project site Insignificant operation of machinery during national GHG the long term term dredging, reclamation, laying emission. armour rock for breakwater and
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Indirect/cumulative Impact area Direct Impacts Magnitude Reversibility Duration Distribution Significance impacts revetment and installing quay wall and demobilisation
Noise pollution due to High noise levels Negative Easily Short Project site Moderately operation of vehicles. Heavy could stress marine irreversible term significant machineries are used during site habitats and species. preparation, dredging, Increased noise levels Ambient Noise level breakwater construction. could also impact the However these will not be workers and their operated continuously for a long productivity period of time. Electricity consumed at the Contribution to the Minor Negative Reversible Short Island level Moderately accommodation and island’s national GHG term significant electricity grid which increase emission. the power load. Resource Efficiency Water used by workers and for Increased sales of Minor Negative Reversible Short Island level Moderately construction activities will be bottled water from and positive term significant sourced from the water supply shops. facilities available in the island
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Indirect/cumulative Impact area Direct Impacts Magnitude Reversibility Duration Distribution Significance impacts (bottled water), thus increasing sales at shops. Sewage generated from the - Minor Negative Reversible Short Island level Insignificant worker accommodation site will term be disposed through the island sewage management system thus increasing the demand for sewage disposal Groundwater contamination Soil of the island can Major Negative Reversible in Long Island level Moderately due to spillage of construction be adversely the long term term significant as this materials at storage site. impacted. Ground with cost would impact the water used for non- implications quality of potable uses can be groundwater. Pollution affected. Soil contamination due to Minor negative Reversible in Long Project site Moderately spillage of materials used for the long term term insignificant construction and during installation of drainage tanks.
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Indirect/cumulative Impact area Direct Impacts Magnitude Reversibility Duration Distribution Significance impacts Air pollution due to emissions Negative impacts on Negative Reversible in Short Project site Significant and fumes from machinery and health due to exposure the long term term dust generated during to dust, increase in construction activities such as medical expenses and dredging and reclamation reduction in productivity of workers. Marine water Contamination Indirect impact on Negative Reversible Short Project site Significant – increased turbidity and physiological fitness term High sedimentation during dredging of marine organisms sedimentation and reclamation can harm the and community level degrades bottom dwelling holothuroids, composition of the the overall water fish species and corals. marine ecosystem. quality, and is a Construction of shore protection major stressor on measures is also likely to the marine temporary increase turbidity. ecology. The Furthermore, accidental spillage project also of waste, fuel during the requires most construction of the pavement activities to be carried out within
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 134 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
Indirect/cumulative Impact area Direct Impacts Magnitude Reversibility Duration Distribution Significance impacts will result in contamination of the lagoon or in marine water. close proximity to marine water, thereby increasing the risk of accidents affecting marine water Marine biodiversity Indirect impact on Negative Reversible in Long Project site Significant marine biodiversity the long term term The benthic organisms and includes stress on the habitat of marine organisms in marine ecosystem
the direct foot print of the caused by sediment dredging site and coastal plumes, and turbidity Biodiversity infrastructure. There are sea generated by these mounts in the area proposed for works. harbour expansion. These sea mounts will not be removed but Cumulative adverse they may be impacted during impact on marine dredging and reclamation work. ecosystem – on going, periodic warming of
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Indirect/cumulative Impact area Direct Impacts Magnitude Reversibility Duration Distribution Significance impacts Increased turbidity and seas, and stressors to sedimentation during dredging reefs are exposed. can harm the bottom dwelling holothuroids, fish species and corals. Construction of shore protection measures is also likely to temporary increase turbidity Loss of terrestrial flora. The - Negative Reversible Short Island Insignificant as project site does not have term any removed significant vegetation. Two vegetation will be medium sized trees (Hirundhu replanted and
and Kaani) will need to be there are no removed. Other types of critical vegetation that may be removed vegetation in the include coastal vegetation such project footprint. as Magoo, bush and grassy weed.
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Indirect/cumulative Impact area Direct Impacts Magnitude Reversibility Duration Distribution Significance impacts Changes to hydrodynamics: Permanent change to Negative Reversible Short Island Moderately New breakwater will prevent island sediment with term significant most of SW monsoon wind movement patterns; maintenance waves NE swells to reach inner potential long-term activities and lagoon making the basin calmer. erosion. erosion mitigation Focused wave diffraction through reef pass can affect Coastal Processes quaywall.
Groynes are likely to control sediment transport and minimize wave transmission.
Sediment movement: Newly created beach will undergo erosion until it stabilizes Business opportunities to the Increased income for Positive Reversible Short Regional Moderately island during the project period, shop and café owners. term level significant Community increased sales at shops and restaurants
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Indirect/cumulative Impact area Direct Impacts Magnitude Reversibility Duration Distribution Significance impacts Restricted access to the island Negative Reversible Short Project site Moderately from harbour due to closure of term significant as the areas for construction access will be provided at some sections Loss of visual amenity during - Negative Reversible Short Project site Insignificant operation of construction term equipment and construction work can become an eyesore for the community Impact on infrastructure in Negative Reversible Short Island Insignificant proximity there are no term infrastructures in close proximity to the harbour The project maybe carried Positive Reversible Long Project site Insignificant during south west monsoon term Natural Hazard which can increase the risk of Risk and Safety swell tides and compromising the construction schedule and activities.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 138 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 139 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
Table 7.4 Evaluation of impacts during operation phase
Indirect/cumulative Impact area Direct Impacts Magnitude Reversibility Duration Distribution Significance impacts Emissions from vessel including Contribution to the Negative Irreversible Long Island level Moderately fishing boats, speed boats and national GHG term Significant cargo boats using the harbour. It is emission. anticipated there will be an increase in the number of vessels following harbour development including. GHG Emission There will also be an increased demand in fuel due to increased traffic. Emissions during the operation Contribution to the Minor Reversible in Long Island level Insignificant of machinery during harbour national GHG Negative the long term term maintenance work such as emission. maintenance dredging work Electricity consumed by the street Contribution to the Minor Reversible Long Island level Insignificant lights on the harbour and national GHG Negative term Resource navigation lights will be sourced emission and slight Efficiency from the island grid increase in demand for diesel.
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Indirect/cumulative Impact area Direct Impacts Magnitude Reversibility Duration Distribution Significance impacts Groundwater recharge due to the Improved quality of Positive Reversible Long Island level Moderately drainage system which will drain groundwater which is term significant as the runoff water around the harbour used for bathing in the drainage pits to the island aquifer. island. are only established at the harbour area. Marine water contamination due Indirect impact on Negative Reversible Long Island level Significant to accidental spillage of waste, fuel, physiological fitness term Pollution and solid waste from vessels during of marine organisms operation of the harbour and community composition of the marine ecosystem. Air pollution due to emissions and Health impacts for Negative Irreversible Short Island level Moderately fumes from vessels including speed people on the boats, term insignificant boats and cargo boats using the increased medical harbour and from machinery used expense. for harbour maintenance work
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Indirect/cumulative Impact area Direct Impacts Magnitude Reversibility Duration Distribution Significance impacts Impact on marine fauna and Stress on marine Negative Reversible Long Project site Insignificant marine habitat due to increased habitats which could term Biodiversity vessel movement and increased impact their noise levels at the harbour which ecosystem. could stress the marine habitats Increased social cohesion due to Positive outlook Major Reversible Long Island level Significant harbour redevelopment which towards policy Positive term brings significant benefits to the makers, increased island community as a whole. cohesion and positive impact on the economic sectors in Community the island. Easy accessibility to the island for Enhanced economic Major Reversible Long Island level Significant cargo boats and other supply benefits and income Positive term boats. Increased space in the earning sources to the harbour basin and placement of a island. ramp will increase accessibility for cargo and supply boats.
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Indirect/cumulative Impact area Direct Impacts Magnitude Reversibility Duration Distribution Significance impacts Easy accessibility and increased Enhanced economic Major Reversible Long Island level Significant docking space at the island for benefits and income Positive term fishing vessels and ability for earning sources to the fishermen to make the best use of island optimal fishing seasons and create the best value by supplying/selling fish and fish related products. Enhanced accessibility for Positive Reversible Long Island level Significant vulnerable groups such as people term with special needs and people with critical health condition will improve following harbour redevelopment. Increased economic benefits with Contributes to an Major Reversible Long Island level Significant the increased docking space and overall development positive term easy accessibility to the island for of the island. fishing vessels which could optimise fisheries sector by generating maximum value. Increased accessibility can also
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Indirect/cumulative Impact area Direct Impacts Magnitude Reversibility Duration Distribution Significance impacts boost investment in other sectors such as public services or future projects. Incentive for developing and improving restaurants, cafés and shops following easy accessibility to the island. Sources of income may increase Contributes to an Major Reversible Long Island level Significant as harbour development may overall development positive term increase the chances of visitors of the island. from other islands to Meedhoo, which could also raise the demand for guesthouses and support tourism development at the island. Increased crime with easier This could be Negative Reversible Long Atoll level Significant accessibility to the island which hindrance to the term could enhance the supply of development. Risk of narcotics resulting in drug abuse exposure to school and and increase in the level of youngsters in the consequent crimes. island.
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Indirect/cumulative Impact area Direct Impacts Magnitude Reversibility Duration Distribution Significance impacts Risk of flooding may increase as Damage to private and Negative Reversible Long Island level Significant harbour development may raise the public properties term Natural Hazard elevation of the harbour side creating financial Risk and Safety compared to the rest of the island implications. which could result in flooding Changes to hydrodynamics: same Permanent change to Negative Reversible Short Island Moderately as construction stage. island sediment with term significant movement patterns; maintenance Coastal Processes potential long-term activities and erosion. erosion mitigation Risk of accidents of vessels in the Positive Reversible if Long Island level Significant harbour basin will be reduced with harbour term Health and Safety expansion and deepening of the conditions are harbour area not maintained
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8 SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS
8.1 Impacts on Natural Environment during Construction Phase
8.1.1 Increased Noise Levels and Vibration
The following activities are expected to generate noise pollution.
a. Mobilisation b. Dredging c. Construction of revetment d. Construction of breakwater e. Construction of quay wall
Noise and vibration impacts due to the operation of machinery is expected to impact residents occupying buildings near the harbour area. The residential zone is located within 30 meters from the project site. Added noise will increase the decibel level over 80 dB(A) at times during dredging and construction of quay wall and revetment. The impacts of increased noise levels is anticipated to be moderately significant as there are sensitive receptors within close proximity, especially during the dredging construction work at the existing basin. However, the duration of activities generating high noise levels will be short term.
Construction activities is not anticipated to be undertaken during the night, therefore there will be minimal impact on the community due to this.
8.1.2 Ground Water
The results of groundwater tested at the projects site is at optimum condition. Significant impacts on the ground water quality could be due to the potential contamination from accidental spillage of construction material such as oil and other chemicals. Irresponsible restorage and handling of such chemicals can have a permanent impact on the ground water lens and remediation will be costly. The island has a sewerage system in place which will be used by the workers for the project as well.
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8.1.3 Marine Water Contamination
Construction activities will involve significant impacts on the marine water quality. The most significant will be the turbidity and sedimentation impacts during dredging and reclamation. Turbidity higher than certain threshold levels for longer periods of time will have significant impacts on marine life.
Suspended sediments are carried by water and/or accumulate in a loose unconsolidated form on the reef bottom. While large particles settle on the bottom of the water body, sediment particles less than 0.063 mm in size (mostly clay and silt) will remain suspended in the water column. Suspended sediment will be easily dispersed thereby causing sedimentation on the reef.
The prefabrication onshore would reduce any possibility of spilling of cement and concrete into the water column during construction of overwater structures. However, there would be some degree of disturbance to the water column due to equipment mobilization and placement of prefabricated structures. Sediment dispersal will occur at a moderate scale. The marine environment is likely to be moderately affected.
The possibility of marine water contamination from irresponsible disposal of waste such as plastic bottles, food waste is also high.
8.1.4 Impact on Hydrodynamics and Erosion
The following activities are likely to cause changes to wave propagation, hydrodynamics and sediment transport.
a. Outer breakwater construction b. Constructing a quaywall on the northern end of the existing basin c. Constructing the new quaywall d. Beach replenishment e. Dredging f. Temporary sand beds
The new outer breakwater on the western side will prevent the waves from propagating into the inner lagoon during Southwest monsoon, except through the channel opening. The inner lagoon is expected to be substantially calmer during both seasons. However, wave diffraction through the
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 147 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll reef entrance opening may cause moderately rough conditions at some sections of the new quaywall, when the wind blows directly from the west. These waves could also cause scouring the where the new beach meets the new quaywall. The erosional pressure will be a lot less compared to the original conditions.
The new quaywall planned for the northern end of the existing basin will require deepening the area. With the existing site conditions, the beach north of the site is likely to deposit sand in the basin as it has done during the initial harbour construction. As a result, a design change has been included based on the feedback from EIA process to construct a longer impermeable groyne and to allow an opening for water circulation. The new groyne is likely reduce erosion on the northern beach.
The new quaywall will take away half of the existing beach space permanently reducing the space at which sediment transport can occur. The vertical nature of the wall will also reflect waves towards the beach which may cause stronger erosional pressure.
The newly created beach will under erosion in the first two years until it achieves an equilibrium to the new wave and sediment transport conditions. However, the beach is likely to remain stable in the long-term.
Dredging generally leads to increased flow around it. However, all of the proposed dredging is behind breakwaters, except near the quaywall, which limits the impacts on flow patterns
8.1.5 Impact on Marine Biodiversity
Construction stage of the project is expected to have direct and indirect adverse impacts on the flora and fauna of the marine environment.
The benthic organisms and biological structures in the footprint of dredging will be impacted. According to the field survey. According to the field survey, live coral coverage along the top reef was very low (<10% live coral) . Top reef around the island was mostly rocky bottom. Biodiversity and abundance of reef associated fish species was very good around the reef.
Apart from the live corals, lagoon bottom is a habitat for certain organisms such as worms, molluscs, amphipod etc. which are important food sources for bottom feeders such as certain species of fishes. Lagoon bottom at the proposed project sites will be affected. However, it has
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 148 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll been found elsewhere that lagoon bottom dwelling organisms re-establish within few months after such disturbances.
Degradation of the water quality due to spillage of substance used in construction and construction waste, and sedimentation due to disturbance of bottom sediments and generation of sediment plumes would degrade the habitat of marine organisms. In particular, significant increases in the level of suspended and bedded sediment within the water column for a prolonged period will alter the habitat and adversely affect the living organisms at the site.
A moderately significant amount of siltation and sedimentation of the lagoon waters is anticipated. Similarly, increased turbidity of the lagoon water is expected. These factors will cause adverse impacts such as smothering of corals and reduced light penetration to the coral and benthic communities. Under normal circumstances, corals have a self-cleansing mechanism and can withstand a certain rate of sedimentation. However, if the sedimentation exceeds the rate at which corals can self-clean then it may lead to serious detrimental impacts such as coral mortality and alteration of habitat and species composition within the lagoon. It is unlikely that sedimentation and turbidity can reach beyond threshold under proper mitigation measures and supervision.
8.1.6 Impact on Terrestrial Biodiversity
It is not anticipated that the proposed design will have a significant impact on the terrestrial biodiversity of the island. Meedhoo does not have any areas with dense vegetation. Vegetation is scattered throughout the residential area of the island. Two medium sized trees, one Kaani and one Hirundhu on the northern end of the harbour will need to be removed for the project. These trees will be replanted at the harbour area. Vegetation at the beaching area, to the south of the harbour basin has coastal vegetation such as Magoo which may need to be removed.
8.1.7 Waste Management
As with any major construction project, the generation of waste due to the harbor redevelopment project is inevitable. The main type of solid waste that is expected to be generated during this project is construction and demolition waste. Demolition waste will include remains from the existing structures such as the existing breakwater on the northern end of the harbour. Rocks from the existing breakwater shall be reused within the project.
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Additional types of waste that will be generated include general refuse from the worker accommodation site, this will include food waste, plastic bottles and aluminium cans. Hazardous or chemical waste use for this project is expected to be minimal. Waste from the project site shall be reused where possible. Any remaining demolition waste must be taken to Thilafushi before demobilization.
Environmental and social impacts are expected to arise from the handling, storage, transport and disposal of waste which cannot be reused. Impacts arising from waste are detailed below.
Waste Handling
Improper handling of waste can have health and safety impacts for project staff as well as the public. Handling of unsanitary waste or hazardous waste without the use of proper protective equipment also has the potential to pose a health risk to the community.
Waste storage
Improper storage of waste can cause impacts on health and safety as well as impact the quality of groundwater, marine water and air. In the absence of proper safety precautions, it can promote mosquito breeding and lead to pest infestations. This can cause the spread of diseases within the community such as dengue. Improper waste storage can also lead to accidents such as fires if the waste is flammable. Storing waste materials in open areas without any protection or cover could also pose as a risk to the community.
Additionally, storing waste on permeable surfaces such as soil has the potential of impacting the groundwater lens through contamination. Such cases have occurred in past projects with spillage of substances such as oil and asphalt. Spillage of waste into marine water can contaminate the marine environment and cause harm to marine life as well. Since majority of the project activities will occur over water, there is potential of contaminating the marine water.
Waste Disposal
Meedhoo does not have an adequate waste management system in place and waste is openly burnt at present. General refuse from the project will be disposed at the waste site on the island. Waste which cannot be managed on the island will be taken to Thilafushi by the contractor including any construction and demolition waste that cannot be reused. Open burning of waste at the island and
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 150 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll at Thilafushi can release harmful pollutants into the air and posing a health risk to the human health. The system at Thilafushi is already overburdened and without adequate infrastructure and systems for waste management, the impacts of open burning are significant. Plans are currently in place to improve waste management practices at Thilafushi through the ‘Greater Male’ Waste to Energy Project’ which is expected to be completed in 2023.
8.2 Impacts on Socioeconomic Environment during Construction Phase
8.2.1 Labour Recruitment
Impacts during labour recruitment include having undocumented foreign migrant workers during the project. Additionally, lack of an employment contract outlining the details of the work and entitled salary for the workers is a serious issue. Such activities will deprive the workers from their rights. In the worst-case scenario such as work-related accidents or other grievances the employer will be held responsible by the respective authority and this will incur financial implications on the employer as well as the worker. Undocumented foreign migrant workers without health screens or medical insurance also puts the employer at risk if a worker passes away. In such cases it becomes challenging to inform his family and carry out the necessary arrangements.
Inadequate wage or delayed payments can dispirit the workers, and this can have negative implications on the project timeline. The impact of this will be multifold as both the contractor and proponent will be bearing the negative impacts. Furthermore, poor living conditions with inadequate ventilation and lack of clean water can put the worker’s health and safety at risk.
8.2.2 Health and Safety
Lack of supervision and use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for workers during construction activities can put the worker’s health and life at risk. Accidents related to equipment use can lead to injury and fatalities. Bulk of the work for this project will occur over water where the risk is higher especially during rough weather in south west monsoon. The risk could even be higher for those workers who are not used to working in similar conditions. Majority of the workforce will be foreign migrant workers and adequate information and training is essential to ensure safety during construction. It is anticipated that the workers in MTCC will have sufficient experience and trainings of working in such conditions given their experience in working on similar projects.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 151 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
However, it will be vital to ensure proper supervision and adequate PPEs are provided to all the workers throughout the construction stage.
8.2.3 Impact on Accessing the Island
During construction, there will be restrictions in using the harbour and accessing the harbour. Significant impacts could be felt by the industries in the island if accessibility to the harbour basin is entirely restricted. However, the contractor has confirmed that work can be carried out whilst keeping some sections of the harbour open. Hence, the community and the industries will be able to use the harbour. However, given the already existing demand for vessel space in the harbour, challenges could be faced by the community and the industries to some extent during construction activities in the existing basin.
8.2.4 Restricted Access to the Area Used for Recreational Activities
During harbour development, there may be restricted access to the area to the south of the harbour which is used for recreational activities. However, restrictions may only be during the time when construction activities begin on this side of the harbour. It is not anticipated that this will pose a significant impact on the community as the site will be accessible once work is finished.
8.2.5 Impact on Visual Amenity
Since work will be carried in the existing harbour, the project will be an eyesore for the community in the island. This impact cannot be entirely avoided, and it is not anticipated to create any negative impacts to the community as this project is a highly anticipated and desired project by the community.
8.2.6 Increased Demand on Resources
During construction stage, all utilities including water, electricity and sewage management will be sourced from the established facilities in the island. It is anticipated that this project will have a moderate impact on the demand for these resources as approximately 40 workers will be working on this project. Hence, there will be moderate increase in demand for electricity generation and sewage management.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 152 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
8.2.7 Positive Impact on Businesses in the Island
During construction stage, it is anticipated that the existing businesses in the island will be positively impacted. These businesses include shops and cafes which the construction workers or supervisors will use during the course of the project.
8.3 Impacts on Natural Environment during Operation Phase
8.3.1 Increased GHG emission
Redevelopment of the harbour is anticipated to increase the accessibility to the island which can increase the number of vessel operation. As the vessels are mostly powered by diesel, there will be an increased GHG emission as a result of this project. Since LED lights will be used at the harbour, it will consume less energy in comparison to conventional lights thus causing negligible emission of GHG. The overall increase in GHG emission from this project will be insignificant relative to the national GHG emission levels as this project will only contribute a tiny fraction to the total amount of GHG emissions of the country.
8.3.2 Impact on Marine Biodiversity
The operation of vessels is around the harbour is anticipated to cause increased noise levels which can stress the marine environment and impact fish species. There is also the risk of littering the ocean by people on the vessels which can contaminate the marine environment and subsequently fish species. The impact is even more if plastic bags or plastic bottles are thrown to the ocean and this this is a common practice amongst the passengers and crew members in a vessel. The microplastics in the plastic is confirmed to significant threat to marine biodiversity. A wide range of marine organisms are known to ingest microplastics including mussels, worms, fish and even plankton. Research also shows that the toxins in ingested microplastics are actually transferred into the animals that ingest them. This is serious concern and can cause a significant impact the food chain and liveability of marine organisms and threaten the sustainability of this ecosystem.
8.3.3 Impact on Hydrodynamics and Erosion
Most of the impacts described for the construction stage will continue. Over time, the main concern for basin would be the reduced flow which could cause periodic stagnation, resulting in algal blooms, discoloration and odour. There are openings all around the lagoon, but the reduced
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 153 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll nature of flow particularly during calm and high temperature periods between February and April can lead to temporary algal blooms.
8.3.4 Impact on Risks from Natural Disasters and Drainage Impacts
It has been reported during several stakeholder consultations regarding harbour development that often times, following harbour development, the island floods more. This is because usually when a harbour is developed the elevation of the harbour area is higher than the rest of the island which prevents the drainage of storm water effectively. As a result, the island floods and impacts personal and public properties which in turn has financial implications at national level to provide compensation for the affected.
According to the Island Council, the island faces issues of flooding. Since the island reclamation and placement of revetment around the island there are difficulties in water drainage. There is the possibility that island may face flooding if the elevation of the harbour area is not in level with the rest of the island and drainage tanks at the harbour basin are inadequate.
8.3.5 Waste Management
The main type of waste expected to be generated during harbor operation includes oil spillage from vessels and litter which is disposed into the harbor. Spillage of oil and litter into marine water can contaminate the water, harming marine life. Improper disposal of waste around the harbor can cause groundwater contamination. Littering of solid waste around the harbour has also the potential of blocking the drainage around the quay way which can prevent drainage of water and cause flooding around the harbour.
It is anticipated that the waste generated during operation stage would be disposed via existing waste disposal system which is burning which can pollute the air and pose health risks to the community.
8.4 Impacts on Socioeconomic Environment during Operation Phase
8.4.1 Labour Recruitment and Working Conditions
Impacts cause by any maintenance work undertaken during operational stage will be similar to those described in Section 8.2.1
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 154 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
8.4.2 Health and Safety
Harbour development is expected to create safer conditions within the harbor basin. The existing basin has become shallow and it experiences rough conditions due to the overtopping of waves from the outer breakwater. Following the redevelopment of the harbour, it is anticipated that the harbour will provide a safe basin for vessels and for people to embark and disembark and travel safely.
8.4.3 Increased Social Cohesion
Redevelopment of the harbour is anticipated to increase the social cohesion of the island community. Issues faced at the existing harbour such as inadequate space and shallowing of the basin will be resolved through this project. Implementation of the project would be positively received by the community and their trust towards policy makers and will also be upheld.
8.4.4 Enhanced Usability of the Harbour
One of the main concerns raised during consultations was the inadequate space in the existing harbour basin and shallowing of the basin due sediment inflow. This project is expected to increase space availability for vessel docking and improve harbour usability. This will enhance the usability of the harbour which can have multiple benefits such as boosting the fisheries sector of the island. This can positively impact the economy and overall development of the community. The areas that will be impacted in the island due to ease in accessibility are described below.
Boost in Economy of the island
Meedhoo is fisheries island with more than 300 fishermen at the island. At present there are 24 fishing vessels at the island and this is expected to increase to approximately 50 vessels within the next 20 years. Enhanced usability of the harbour can positively impact this business as fishermen can maximise the value of the business. Boost in business in this sector can also provide incentives for the youngsters in the island to join the business. In addition, there will be incentives for further investments such growing the fishing fleet, fish processing area or developing an ice plant.
There will also be increased incentive for investments in other sectors such as local tourism with ease in accessibility to the island. There will also be the possibility of further investment in cafes and restaurants which can further contribute to the development of the island.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 155 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
Ease in Delivery of Goods and Supplies
Expansion of the harbour basin to increase the area available for vessel docking and the placement of a ramp will make it easier for cargo and supply boats to load and unload good at the island.
Easy Accessibility for the Vulnerable Groups
The redevelopment of the harbour with a ramp can ease the accessibility of vulnerable groups in the island such as people with critical health conditions, elderly and people with special needs.
Increased Crime
There may however be potential negative impacts of easy accessibility to the island. One of the impacts is that it could contribute to the supply of narcotics to the island resulting in drug abuse and increase in the level of consequent crimes. This could also be a hindrance to the overall development of the island and there will be an increased risk of exposure of youngsters to this issue which can compromise their future as well.
8.4.5 Impact on Infrastructure
There is no key infrastructure within close proximity which will be directly or indirectly impacted.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 156 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
9 IMPACT MITIGATION
This chapter provides the mitigation measures for the significant impacts identified above. Mitigation measures will be recommended for significant adverse impacts to minimize such impacts. Mitigation measures will also be recommended for significant positive impacts to enhance these impacts. Table 8.1 and Table 8.2 below provides the mitigation measures for construction and operation stage respectively.
9.1 Mitigation Measures for Significant Impacts during Construction Stage
Table 9.1 Mitigation measures for impacts during construction stage
Impact Mitigation Measures Responsible Party Timing Estimated Cost Impacts during recruitment Conduct a health screen prior to recruitment and ensure a valid MTCC Prior to recruitment Built in the work permit visa is present. Contractor operations Prepare a contract both in English and the language spoken by costs/fees the worker and explain the terms and conditions of the contract clearly to the worker. Lack of adequate and Safe drinking water shall be made available in sufficient MTCC Throughout the Built in the proper living conditions quantity at work site. project construction Contractor operations Adequate sleeping arrangements shall be provided for workers costs/fees with adequate toilet and shower facilities.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 157 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
Impact Mitigation Measures Responsible Party Timing Estimated Cost Minimum 03 meals shall be provided to construction staff per day or appropriate meal break time shall be provided.
Provide a locker to store personal documents such as passports, work visa and contract. Occupational health and All workers should be provided with health and safety MTCC Throughout the Built in the safety impacts information appropriate to the work that they undertake. project construction Contractor operations All workers should be briefed about the condition of the costs/fees existing harbour area to ensure people are aware of the site conditions. Ensure all workers assigned for marine works know how to swim.
Buoys, first aid kit and life jackets must be readily accessible at all times.
All workers should be provided with safety gear and personal protective equipment at all times. This includes safety hats, boots, masks and gloves.
Earmuffs shall be provided to workers if workers are to be exposed to high noise levels for extended periods of time.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 158 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
Impact Mitigation Measures Responsible Party Timing Estimated Cost Protective gloves and glasses shall be provided to workers handling any construction related chemicals.
Special precaution must be undertaken to ensure workers are safe from risk of electrocution. No open electrical wiring or cables shall be kept on site.
Working hours of all construction workers shall not exceed the maximum work hours as stipulated in the Employment Act of the Maldives. Inadequate wage Supervisor should be able to communicate with workforce with MTCC Throughout the Built in the ease and should be available to address any complaints. project construction Contractor Translators should be present if necessary. operations costs/fees Payment plans need to be prepared and conditions for payments need to be clearly addressed to workforce Emissions during Transport materials in bulk. MTCC Throughout the Built in the transportation of material project construction Contractor and operation of heavy Plan out transportation of materials and equipment in the most operations machinery efficient way with least number of trips. costs/fees
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 159 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
Impact Mitigation Measures Responsible Party Timing Estimated Cost Plan out construction activities efficiently, reducing the number of hours vehicles are in use.
Heavy machinery, equipment and vehicles shall be in good condition and maintained regularly to ensure efficiency.
Heavy machinery and equipment shall be fitted with air pollution control devices. Water consumption from Usage reduction protocols need to be established for workers MTCC Throughout the Built in the the facilities in the island to follow, ensuring minimal impact on island’s resource usage. project construction Contractor operations Where possible, contractor must supply water to the project site costs/fees for workers to use, so there is less dependency on the rainwater in the island which the community uses.
Air pollution from dust and Take account of wind speed and direction when operating MTCC Throughout the Built in the emissions from heavy machinery for dredging to minimize aerial dust pollution project construction Contractor machinery use operations Machinery needs to be equipped with air pollution control costs/fees devices
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 160 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
Impact Mitigation Measures Responsible Party Timing Estimated Cost Ground water Ensure that all construction material is stored appropriately in MTCC Throughout the Built in the contamination paved areas to prevent spillage and contamination of project construction Contractor groundwater. operations costs/fees Increased noise levels Inform the Island Council the work schedule and coordinate MTCC During breakwater Built in the accordingly. construction, Contractor revetment operations Register any complaints or grievances through Island Council construction and costs/fees dredging Work between 6 am and 9 pm for activities with loud noises. Impact on marine Install a bund wall from the edge of the proposed reclamation MTCC and MNPHI Throughout the Built in the biodiversity area to cover the entire project footprint. project construction Contractor operations Carry out dredging work during low tide and calm sea costs/fees conditions.
Dredging and reclamation works must be carried out after checking the coral reef condition at NOAA Coral Reef Watch. Dredging and reclamation work will not be completed if corals are reported to be in stressed condition.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 161 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
Impact Mitigation Measures Responsible Party Timing Estimated Cost Impact on terrestrial Remove only the trees that fall in the direct footprint of the MTCC and Island Throughout the Built in the biodiversity project. Council of Meedhoo project construction Contractor phase operations Plant new trees at the harbour area. costs/fees Waste Management Prepare a Waste Management Plan for the project. MTCC During construction MVR 150,000 phase Assigning a site manager to be responsible for waste management at the project site. This will include proper waste handling, storage and regular disposal.
Training of site personnel in proper waste management and chemical waste handling procedures.
Maintain records of the waste generated and how it is handled.
Proper storage and site practices to reduce the potential for damage or contamination of construction materials.
Diverting waste to other projects that may require them as raw materials.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 162 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
Impact Mitigation Measures Responsible Party Timing Estimated Cost Changes to coastal Introduce the additional structures recommended from the EIA hydrodynamics and flow process and agreed by Proponent, Contractor and Island velocity Council. These include the construction of new groyne on the northern end, creating an opening on the northern end and MTCC Throughout the Built in the revised groyne on the western end of the new beach area. project construction Contractor
Construct additional groyne on the small island (western end) operations costs/fees for the Use fine sand that has been deposited on the northern end of alternative option the existing harbour basin to create the beach and avoid placing rubble on the beach. Rubble material could be used for backfilling.
Only dredge Site D3 depending on sand required. If sand required has been achieved during dredging process, cease dredging in the area and undertake cleanup dredging to make the dredge edges smoother.
Only undertake beach sloping works when shore protection is ready.
Continuously monitor beach changes.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 163 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
Impact Mitigation Measures Responsible Party Timing Estimated Cost
Business opportunities to Source any locally available materials from project island. MTCC Throughout the Built in the the island during the project construction Contractor project period operations costs/fees Restricted access to vessels Ensure an alternative site is provided for harbour activities MTCC and Island Throughout the Built in the during harbour during dredging. Council of Meedhoo project construction Contractor development operations Prioritize to develop the quay wall around the existing harbour costs/fees at first, so this area can be utilized to dock and access the island by boats, dinghies.
Coordinate and engage with Island Council on the best alternative to use the harbour during the construction stage
9.2 Mitigation Measures for Significant Impacts during Operation Stage
Table 9.2 Mitigation measures for impacts during operation stage
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 164 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
Impact Mitigation Measures Responsible Party Timing Estimated Cost GHG emission from sourcing Use LED lights and automate its operation in MTCC and MNPHI During project MVR 2,000 per LED electricity from local power conjunction with sun cycle to minimize construction or street light. grid for harbour electricity consumption from power grid or install solar operation input sources powered lights around the harbour and for navigation beacons
Groundwater recharge due to Install trash bins alongside drainage systems Island Council of During project MVR 150,000 the drainage system to ensure waste does not affect storm water Meedhoo operation draining to aquifer
Allocate staff to periodically clean up drains to remove any residual build up GHG emissions from vessels Advocate servicing the vessels regularly. Island Council of During project NA Meedhoo operation Advocate and raise awareness to Install external filters in old vessels which emit soot and black smoke need Increased social cohesion Monitor the condition of the harbour. MNPHI During project Built in the Contractor construction operations costs/fees Identify any issues or grievances within the community and address it.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 165 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
Impact Mitigation Measures Responsible Party Timing Estimated Cost Enhanced usability of the Ensure the depth of the harbour basin is MNPHI During project Built in the Contractor harbour maintained at the required level and conduct construction operations costs/fees maintenance dredging when required.
Increase the height of the breakwater proposed to ensure high intensity waves do not crash into the harbour basin. Easy accessibility to The ramp installed must be easily accessible MNPHI During project Built in the Contractor vulnerable groups and it should be maintained periodically. construction operations costs/fees
Develop staircases at the harbour for easier accessibility, especially at points where small vessels such as dinghies can dock. Increased crime Monitor the crime rates and incidences in the Island Council. During project NA island. operation
Establish a Police desk in the island to monitor the and inspect suspicious activities at the harbour and to minimize crime in the island
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 166 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
Impact Mitigation Measures Responsible Party Timing Estimated Cost Health and Safety Conduct regular maintenance activities of MNPHI During project Built in the Contractor the harbour to maintain the optimum depth operation operations costs/fees for vessel docking and movement, maintain the condition of the navigation beacons, breakwater, quay wall and lights at the harbour.
Install lights to indicate the presence of sea mounts in the harbour basin.
Install safety instruction signs at the harbour. Natural hazard risk and safety Conduct regular maintenance activities for Island Council of During project Built in the Contractor storm water drainage system installed at the Meedhoo operation operations costs/fees harbour to ensure water drains effectively and quickly following a flood. MNPHI
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 167 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
10 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN
The main objectives of the environmental management plan are to:
− Produce a framework for managing anticipated impacts, including practicable and achievable performance requirements and systems for monitoring, reporting and implementing corrective actions. − Provide evidence of compliance to legislation, policies, guidelines and requirements of relevant authorities.
10.1 Environmental Management System
The environmental management framework for the proposed project is based on the standards and policies set out by the Environmental Protection Agency of the Maldives.
- Environmental Management Planning: The EMP specifies environmental management measures. - Monitoring and corrective action: The implementation of EMP measures will be monitored. Any inconsistencies between the EMP and its on-site implementation will be identified and addressed through corrective actions - Auditing, reviews and improvement: The EMP will be reviewed. Improvements to the EMP will be made as necessary to achieve desired environmental outcomes.
The environmental management strategy is demonstrated in the following figure.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 168 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
10.2 Management Structure and Responsibilities
Commitment to environmental regulations, policies and guidelines
Environmental Management Plan (EMP)
Implementation of EMP
Improvements to Corrective and EMP preventative actions Monitoring EMP
Review of EMP
Figure 10.1 Environmental Management Strategy flow diagram
The following parties are involved in the EMP of this project:
- Project proponent - Project contractor - Dh.Meedhoo Island Council - Environmental consultant - Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 169 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
The roles and responsibilities of the parties involved are as follows.
10.2.1 Project proponent
- Execution of all project activities - Preparation of EMP - Monitoring of the project activities - Submission of annual environmental monitoring reports as required by the EPA
10.2.2 Project contractor
- Execution of all construction activities for the project - Monitoring of all construction activities
10.2.3 Dh.Meedhoo Island Council
- Managing harbour operations - Maintenance of harbour
10.2.4 Environmental consultant
- Preparation of EMP for the proponent - Monitoring of performance of project activities according to the EMP - Auditing the EMP to ensure desired outcomes are achieved - Making amendments to the EMP according to the results of the audits - Preparation of environmental monitoring report as required by the EPA
10.2.5 Environmental Protection Agency
- Review environmental monitoring report - Intervention in the event of a breach in environmental permit conditions
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 170 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
10.3 Non-Conformances and Corrective Action
All non-conformances to the environmental permit conditions, observed during monitoring will be documented.
Necessary corrective actions and preventative actions will be identified
Corrective actions will be implemented, with systematic follow-ups to ensure effectiveness of these measures.
10.4 Reporting
Reporting shall be undertaken to provide evidence of the ongoing implementation of the EMP and will cover any training activities, site conditions and operations, monitoring data, details of non- conformances, incidents, complaints and follow up action, results of audits and reviews. Reporting shall be undertaken by the project proponent and the Environmental Consultant.
The environmental reporting process is summarized in the figure below. All non-compliances and complaints during the execution of the project are to be reported to the EPA. The environmental management plan for execution of the project is provided below.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 171 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
Environmental Protection Agency Project contractor/ proponent Environmental consultant
• Issues raised from periodic review • Training of personnel • Training of personnel of project • Environmental monitoring • Environmental monitoring • Recording of complaints • Recording of incidents audits • Recording of complaints and • Review of EMP follow up actions • Review of EMP
Preparation of draft environmental report
Submission of report Annual environmental monitoring report finalized
Figure 10.2 Environmental Management Plan for construction and operation phase
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 172 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
Table 10.1 Environmental & Social management plan for construction and operation phase
Activity Management measures Stakeholders Responsible Timing Hiring labour Establish a system to effectively and accurately respond to any queries by the workers MTCC Prior to commencement of during recruitment process. construction activities. Labour Relations Authority Maintain an individual file for each employee which comprises of a copy of their work visa, passport, contract, job application form, acceptance form. Maldives Immigration
Appoint a focal point to communicate with the workers in their spoken language to effectively communicate with them on the requirements and conditions of work.
Provide clear information about the accommodation and food arrangements.
Training of staff A training session must be conducted prior to each construction activity in a language MTCC Prior to commencement of and contractors that is understood by the workers. construction activities. Health Protection Agency Workers will also be made aware of general environmental issues as well as compliance with environmental laws and regulations.
Workers must be briefed about the local context of the project location.
Attendance sheets for trainings must be kept and maintained.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 173 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
Activity Management measures Stakeholders Responsible Timing Ensuring Construction activities would be carried out under the supervision of a suitably MTCC During construction phase Occupational experienced person. Ideally a local person must be appointed as a supervisor. Health and Health Protection Agency Safety Workers will be provided with PPE including, helmet, gloves, ear mufflers, high visibility clothing, shoes. Workers shall be enforced to wear the PPE and supervisors must be appointed to monitor this.
Construction site will be clearly marked and fenced off.
Fire extinguishers will be available at key locations.
All workers will be trained to use fire extinguishers.
First aid kits shall be available at the project site.
Oxygen, acetylene or LPG bottles will not be left freestanding. All welding and
cutting will be done in accordance to high safety regulations by experienced
personnel. Resource Use Arrange an awareness program for staff regarding energy and water saving measures. MTCC Once prior to construction phase Maintain attendance records of the awareness program.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 174 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
Activity Management measures Stakeholders Responsible Timing Managing Establish a schedule to conduct routine checks on all machinery and equipment to MTCC Continuous during impacts on air ensure that they are maintained and functioning efficiently. construction phase quality and HPA GHG emissions Provide workers with an efficient method of transport such as bicycles. ME
Establish water and energy saving measures by incentivizing workers for sustainable practices such as turning lights off when not in use, maintaining AC temperature at EPA 25 Degree Celsius where AC is installed. Control of All construction materials handled carefully & transported in sealed containers. MTCC Continuous during groundwater construction phase contamination All waste material that is generated during construction handled & transported EPA carefully.
All paints, lubricants, and other chemicals used on site stored in a secure and bunded location.
Properly tune and maintain all machinery.
Carry out construction activities under the supervision of a suitably experienced person.
Regular visual inspection of surrounding environment for any spills and records must be maintained with photographic evidence.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 175 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
Activity Management measures Stakeholders Responsible Timing Control of Carry out all dredging and reclamation activities during calm weather conditions. MTCC During construction phase Marine Water and operation phase Contamination Train all workers to handle all construction materials responsibly, in a way that will Meedhoo Island Council prevent spillage.
Assess the site and install silt screens to reduce sedimentation turbidity.
All raw materials must be stored at a distance from coastal areas to prevent accidental spillage.
Place dustbins and no littering signs in the harbour area to prevent littering in the harbour.
Make arrangements to clean the harbour area weekly to clear any rubbish that may have fallen in the harbour. Managing Establish a stakeholder engagement plan to inform about the schedule of construction MTCC Continuous during Accidents activities. construction phase during Meedhoo Island Council construction Ensure that all machinery, equipment and materials are stored safely in an area that is inaccessible for unauthorized people. Waste Designate an area to store construction waste until it can be taken to the waste disposal MTCC Continuous during management site on the island. construction phase and Meedhoo Island Council operation phase
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 176 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
Activity Management measures Stakeholders Responsible Timing Segregate waste into recyclables and non-recyclables. Transport the recyclable plastic materials to plastic recycling centers where possible.
Re-use construction waste where possible.
Assign a party responsible for emptying the dustbins near the harbour area. Managing Trees should be dug at least 3-foot-wide of the trunk. Meedhoo Island Council During construction phase terrestrial biodiversity The root system should be watered to keep it wet and cemented before digging. MNPHI
The roots should be kept wet during transportation. MTCC
Holes should be dug on the receiving site prior to receiving the trees. EPA
Ensure that two trees are planted for every tree removed, in the island where the tree was removed from.
Maintain a log of how the removed trees were dealt with and an inventory of new plants planted.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 177 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
Activity Management measures Stakeholders Responsible Timing Managing Assess the site and install silt screens to reduce sedimentation turbidity. EPA During Construction Phase Marine Biodiversity Conduct dredging during calm weather MTCC
Dredging and reclamation works must be carried out after checking the coral reef condition at NOAA Coral Reef Watch. Dredging and reclamation work will not be carried out during times when corals are reported to be in stressed condition.
All dredging works should be completed within the defined timeframe including removal of bunds and temporary sand beds. Contingency measures for damaged equipment should be in place to avoid delays due to mechanical failure of equipment.
Excavator movement should stick to predefined routes for travel along the reef and to avoid the sea mounts.
All staff involved in dredging and reclamation works must be briefed on the sensitivity of the area and the mitigation measures proposed in the EIA report. Grievances Provide all the key stakeholders with the contact details of key staff from the MTCC Continuous throughout contractor side to communicate grievances. construction phase MNPHI Assign a person from the contractor side to oversee all grievances that are received and deal with them in a timely manner.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 178 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
Activity Management measures Stakeholders Responsible Timing Establish a grievance mechanism to capture any concerns and issues raised by the community. Establish a focal point at the contractor and proponent. Provide the contact details of the focal points to the Island Council.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 179 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
10.5 Grievance Mechanism
This project may have complaints from project beneficiaries and the public. The complaints may be diverse ranging from aspects of design of the harbour, impacts, inconveniences during construction and how the project is implemented. Handling of grievances is significant since it helps to manage operational risk during implementation.
An examination of anticipated impacts areas in Chapter 8 provides a preview of the potential areas for grievances. Some of the potential grievance areas include conflicts regarding the design of the harbor and accessibility during harbor development.
The following sections describe the procedures that will be followed by MNPHI to address complaints or concerns submitted by people who may benefit from or impacted. It intends to provide clarity and predictability on how complaints will be received, assessed, sorted, resolved and monitored. Specific activities are described for each of these steps.
Grievance redressal will be addressed through separate arrangement by MNPHI for the by setting up a formal web-based platform to provide a systematic, transparent and timely process for receiving, evaluating and addressing affected project-related complaints and grievances. The grievance mechanism will be open to all project affected people, regardless of the nature of their complaint and will be gender responsive, culturally appropriate, and readily accessible to all segments of the affected people at no costs and without retribution.
A three-tier grievance mechanism, prepared and tested under other Bank financed projects, will be established and will be accessible to all community members.
o Tier 1: MTCC will be the first level of contact for any aggrieved person. They will receive complaints and provide grievance redressal and advice as appropriate.
o Tier 2: In case the aggrieved person is not satisfied, he or she can approach MNPHI. The project Coordinator at the MNPHI designated as the first point of contact for grievance redress to receive all potential complaints for the project. On receipt of a complaint in any form (i.e., in person, telephone via a hotline, written, message from social media), the Council will log the details in a complaints register. The complaint will be forwarded to the Coordinator for reporting to the Grievance Redressal Committee. If the complainant
Prepared by: CDE Consulting 180 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
is dissatisfied with the outcome, or have received no advice in the allotted time period, he or she can re-submit the complaint and this will be logged in the complaints register as a non-responsive issue until resolved. The Coordinator at the Ministry will follow up until a mutually acceptable solution is reached to the complaint. In the event of disagreement between the complaint and the Ministry, the Manager of the project will request a decision from higher authorities within the Ministry. The Project Manager will summarize the complaints received and the actions taken with respect to the complaints received and any unresolved complaints in the annual project implementation report.
o Tier 3: In case the issue is not resolved, the aggrieved person has the option of approaching judiciary. In cases where vulnerable persons are unable to access the legal system, the Government of Maldives will provide legal support to the vulnerable person(s). The coordinator will assist the vulnerable person(s) in getting this support from the Government of Maldives. The coordinator will also ensure that there is no cost imposed (such as for travel and accommodation) on the aggrieved person if the person belongs to the vulnerable groups. The verdict of the judiciary will be final.
When construction starts, a sign board will be erected at the site providing the public with updated project information, summarizing the GRM process and the web address and contact phone number for MTCC and MNPHI.
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11 ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PLAN
This chapter will outline the monitoring plan for the proposed project. Environmental monitoring is essential because, although with proper mitigation measures, the overall environmental damage can be significantly minimized, an unforeseen impact may still occur. Furthermore, some of the impacts predicted may turn out to be far greater than predicted, making mitigation measures ineffective. Therefore, in order to avoid or reduce the chances of such events, regular and frequent environmental monitoring is vital.
11.1 Objectives of the Monitoring Plan
The main objectives of the monitoring plan are:
1) To identify whether the predicted impacts are accurate and mitigation measures taken are effective
2) To identify any unforeseen impacts so that appropriate mitigation measures can be taken at the earliest
3) To eliminate or reduce environmental costs
11.2 Before Construction
The monitoring assessments prescribed in Table 11.1 are required before construction, if the construction activities begin 12 months after this EIA.
11.3 Construction Phase Monitoring Plan
Table 11.2 below summarizes the key aspects of the construction phase monitoring plan. The table indicates the methodology, frequency and estimated cost for each monitoring attribute that will be required for the proposed project.
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11.4 Operating Phase Monitoring Plan
Operational phase monitoring program will be carried out for a period of 1 year from the date of commencement of habour operations. Table 11.3 provides the schedule for operational phase monitoring.
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Table 11.1 Monitoring Schedule for Pre-Construction Stage (if required)
Monitoring Objective Indicator Methodology Locations and Frequency Applicable Est. attribute samples standards Total Cost (MVR)* Erosion and To get the baseline Aerial image of the Drone Entire island Once prior to the NA Coastal condition of the island photography commencement Changes island of construction activities Long shore currents Once prior to the NA commencement Drogue Method 20,000 of construction per activities survey Beach line (at high tide Once prior to the NA and low tide) D-GPS tracks commencement Entire island along the beach of construction activities Beach Profile Surveying using Once prior to the NA level, staff, Around the harbour commencement compass & D- Points P1-P7 of construction GPS activities
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Monitoring Objective Indicator Methodology Locations and Frequency Applicable Est. attribute samples standards Total Cost (MVR)* Terrestrial To identify the Number and type of Observation and Harbour area Once prior to the NA Included Flora and number and type of trees photographic commencement in Fauna vegetation that needs evidence of construction contractor to be cleared for the Number of species, type activities fees project of species and their abundance Bathymetry To get the baseline Depth of the harbour Sonarmite and Area that has been Once prior to the NA 5,000 condition of the basin D-GPS planned for harbour commencement harbour basin and basin and entrance of construction proposed harbour channel activities expansion area Marine Water To get the baseline Physical appearance, Laboratory Two marine water Once prior to the Maldives EPA 1,659 Quality quality of marine Temperature, Salinity, Analysis at samples from the commencement standards water at project pH, Turbidity, MWSC dredging and of construction footprint Conductivity and Total reclamation activities Suspended Solids location and (TSS) another from a control site.
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Monitoring Objective Indicator Methodology Locations and Frequency Applicable Est. attribute samples standards Total Cost (MVR)* Total 3 samples
Coral Reef Visual Proposed dredge Once prior to the NA 6,700 Health snorkelling sites and control site commencement Percent of live coral of construction To get the baseline Line transect Transect sites cover, and fish species activities condition of the coral survey; T1,T2 ,T3, T4 & T5 abundance and reef composition Fish census
Manta tow Ground Water To identify the Physical appearance, Laboratory Two groundwater Once prior to Maldives EPA 1,761 Quality quality of Salinity, Temperature, Analysis at sample. One from commencement standards groundwater in the pH, TPH, Conductivity MWSC the storage area and of construction island and Turbidity another sample as a activities control.
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Table 11.2 Monitoring Schedule for Construction Stage
Monitoring Objective Indicator Methodology Locations and Frequency Applicable Est. Total attribute samples standards Cost (MVR)* Erosion and Coastal To assess if there are Aerial image of the island Drone Entire island NA Changes any changes to the photography island during Beach Profiles Surveying NA Around the One month after 20,000 harbour using level, harbour at completion of construction staff, compass points P1-P7 construction & D-GPS Beach line (at high tide and D-GPS tracks NA Entire island low tide) along the beach Terrestrial Flora To monitor the Method and records of Observation, Harbour area During the NA Included in and Fauna removal and removal and replantation removal of contractor replantation of photographic Relocation site vegetation and fees vegetation Relocation site evidence and replantation documentary evidence of replantation and relocation
Statistics of tree removal and
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Monitoring Objective Indicator Methodology Locations and Frequency Applicable Est. Total attribute samples standards Cost (MVR)* translocation will be provided to EPA if required Bathymetry To assess changes to Depth of the harbour basin Sonarmite and Harbour basin One month after NA 1,200 the harbour basin and entrance channel D-GPS and entrance completion of and entrance channel construction channel Marine Water To determine the Turbidity and Total Laboratory Two marine Weekly during Maldives 4,600 (7 Quality impact on marine Suspended Solids Analysis at water samples dredging and EPA times over water during MWSC excavation standards period of dredging and 100 days) reclamation Physical appearance, Laboratory Two marine Monthly during Maldives 1,770 Temperature, Salinity, pH, Analysis at water samples dredging and EPA nitrates MWSC excavation standards Oil spills Visual All areas where Daily for the NA Included in observation oil is handled duration of the contractor project fees Coral Reef Health To determine the Percent of live coral cover, Line transect Transect sites One month after NA 6,700 impact of dredging and fish species abundance survey; T3 and T4 completion of and reclamation and composition construction
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Monitoring Objective Indicator Methodology Locations and Frequency Applicable Est. Total attribute samples standards Cost (MVR)* activities on the Fish census coral reef Manta tow survey Groundwater To determine the Physical appearance, Laboratory One month after quality impact of project on Salinity, Temperature, pH, Sample from Analysis at completion of groundwater quality TPH, Conductivity and the storage site NA 881 MWSC construction Turbidity To quantify labour Number of workers Logs from Project site Once during Labour and Included in force contractor construction safety contractor phase related laws fees and
regulations To determine the Adequate living space Site visits, and ILO quality of worker’s photographs Labour force guidelines accommodation Ventilation and focused interviews Separate space for cooking
Fire extinguishers To check if relevant Valid work permit visa Records and laws on foreign photographs
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Monitoring Objective Indicator Methodology Locations and Frequency Applicable Est. Total attribute samples standards Cost (MVR)* migrant workers are Valid passport adhered to Valid contract with terms and conditions
Job description, provision of breaks and leaves To ensure List of PPEs provided Records of occupational health number of and safety accidents and injuries or fatalities and photographs To ensure adequate Pay slip with date stamp Logs, wage is paid photographs and focused interviews To ensure waste Waste type and quantity Observation, Project site NA Included in Waste management generated during logs and Once during contractor construction phase photographic construction fees
evidence phase Method of disposal
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Monitoring Objective Indicator Methodology Locations and Frequency Applicable Est. Total attribute samples standards Cost (MVR)* is disposed appropriately Grievances To identify any Complaints Records from Meedhoo Quarterly during NA Included in grievances and Island Council construction contractor issues the Issues logged stage. fees community will have with the harbour during consrtuction phase
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Table 11.3 Monitoring Schedule for Operation Stage
Monitoring Objective Indicator Methodology Locations Frequency Applicable Est. Total attribute and samples standards Cost (MVR)* Erosion and Coastal To assess if there Beach Profiles One year after NA 15,000 Surveying using Changes are any changes to Around the harbour level, staff, the shoreline island at development compass & D- following harbour points P1-P7. GPS development Beach line (at high tide and NA low tide) D-GPS tracks Entire island along the beach
Bathymetry To ensure depth of Depth of the harbour Sonarmite and Harbour basin One year after NA 1,200 the harbour basin basins and entrance D-GPS and entrance harbour and entrance channel channel development channel is at optimum level for vessels
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Monitoring Objective Indicator Methodology Locations Frequency Applicable Est. Total attribute and samples standards Cost (MVR)* Marine water To determine the Physical appearance, Laboratory Three marine Bi-annually Maldives 5,530 quality impact on marine Temperature, Salinity, pH, Analysis at water samples during the first EPA water quality during Turbidity, Conductivity MWSC from the five years of standards harbour operation and Total Suspended harbour harbour operation Solids (TSS) Coral Reef Health To determine the Line transect Transect sites One year after NA 6,700 impact of dredging survey; T3 and T4 harbour and reclamation Percent of live coral cover, development activities on the and fish species abundance Fish census coral reef and composition Manta tow survey Condition of the To ensure the Cleaned drainage tanks Records of Entire Bi-annually NA Included in harbour condition of the regular harbour area during the first contractor harbour including Working lights maintenance two years of fees the pavement, ramp, work including harbour operation Functioning ramp breakwater. schedule of
drainage tanks and Intact breakwater activities, lights are activities maintained. undertaken and
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Monitoring Objective Indicator Methodology Locations Frequency Applicable Est. Total attribute and samples standards Cost (MVR)* person responsible.
Photographs of the harbour Health and Safety To quantify any Number of accidents Records from the Habour area, Quarterly for the NA Included in accidents during the Island Council Meedhoo first year after contractor use of the harbour Type of accidents and health project fees facilities on the completion and Fatalities island annually for the
Injuries following five Photographic years. evidence
Log sheets Grievances To identify any Complaints Records from Meedhoo Quarterly for the NA Included in grievances and Island Council first year after contractor issues the Issues logged project fees community will completion and have with the annually for the
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Monitoring Objective Indicator Methodology Locations Frequency Applicable Est. Total attribute and samples standards Cost (MVR)* harbour during following five operation phase years.
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11.5 Monitoring report
A detailed environmental monitoring report is required to be compiled and submitted to EPA yearly based on the data collected for monitoring the parameters included in the monitoring plan given in the EIA. This report can form subsections in the Monitoring Report to be submitted under the original EIA. This report may be submitted to the relevant Government agencies in order to demonstrate compliance.
The report will include the following details;
- Description of the site - Activities undertaken at the project site - Assessment methodology of data collection and analysis - Measures taken for quality control - Analysis and presentation of the data collected
In addition to this, more frequent reporting of environmental monitoring will be communicated among the environmental consultant, project proponent, the contractors and supervisors to ensure possible negative impacts are mitigated appropriately during and after the project.
11.6 Staff Requirement
To undertake the monitoring during both construction and operation stage a team lead by an environmental consultant will be required. The team should consist of surveyors (marine and land based) and a consultant on socioeconomic environment and coastal environment.
11.7 Schedule of Monitoring Report
The monitoring report should be submitted as per the schedule given in Table below.
Table 11.4 Schedule of monitoring report submission
Description Timeline Monitoring Report 1 Six months from start of construction Monitoring Report 2 Upon completion of construction Monitoring Report 3 Within one year after operation of harbour Monitoring Report 4 Within two years after operation of harbour
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Monitoring Report 5 Within three years after operation of harbour Monitoring Report 6 Within four years after operation of harbour Monitoring Report 7 Within five years after operation of harbour
11.8 Cost of monitoring
Estimated environmental monitoring cost of pre-construction stage (if required) is approximately MVR 70,000 – 80,000.
Estimated monthly environmental monitoring cost for Construction Phase is approximately MVR 70,000 – 90,000.
The estimated annual environmental monitoring cost during operation is MVR 65,000 – 75,000.
Professional consultants will be hired to undertake the monitoring and the necessary equipment for monitoring will be procured.
11.9 Commitment to monitoring
The proponent is fully committed to undertake the monitoring programme given in this chapter (see page iv).
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12 CONCLUSION
This EIA has been prepared for the redevelopment of the harbour in Meedhoo, Dhaalu atoll. The project is proposed to increase the usability of the existing harbour. The existing harbor in the island has multiple issues including the inadequate size of the basin for the growing demand and sediment inflow into the harbor basin. The proposed project is aimed to resolve these issues by redeveloping the harbor.
The project involves redeveloping the existing harbour by expansion of the harbor basin and conducting maintenance dredging at the existing basin. The proposed design involves dredging a new harbour basin in an area of 6,500 m2 and undertaking reclamation over an area of 6,000 m2. Elements for coastal protection and overall stability of the harbour include building an outer breakwater of 373 m, 60 m quaywall around the existing basin and a 234 m quay wall at the new basin. A revetment of 35 m revetment at the new basin will also be constructed. Support facilities for the harbour include installing drainage tanks around the quay wall, constructing a pavement, installing mooring hooks, harbour lights, navigation lights and a ramp.
Stakeholder consultations were held with the Island Council and the island community. Consultations revealed concerns and differences in opinion regarding the proposed harbor design. Concerns were raised by the island community and fishermen over the following issues;
1. Proposed quay wall on the northern side of the existing harbor basin is currently blocked due to sediment inflow and questions were raised regarding the effectiveness of a quay wall to prevent sediment inflow. 2. Impacts of erosion following harbor redevelopment on the area used for recreation. 3. The proposed quaywall is covering the area used for recreation and the beaching area
Additionally, there were other critical elements in the design in relation to environmental processes which needed to be taken into consideration. Hence, following discussion with were discussed with the proponent and contractor, an alternative design has been proposed by taking all the above issues into account. In the alternative concept, the length of the quaywall is shortened to 189 m, a T-jetty is proposed, recreational area is enhanced and groynes have been proposed to mitigate erosion and sediment movement. Following the finding of the bathymetry
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The alternative has been approved by the proponent, contractor and the Island Council.
The main impact during the construction phase would be the impacts on marine biodiversity due to dredging and reclamation activities. There are potential health and safety risks to the workers as well given and challenges in using the harbour during construction stage. The main impacts during operation phase of the harbour are mainly positive with enhanced usability of the harbor and increased social cohesion.
Mitigation measures for predicted impacts include placement of bund walls around the project footprint to minimize sedimentation and turbidity impacts, carrying out construction activities during calm weather conditions, providing PPE for workers and establishing a grievance mechanism to capture and address grievances. It was also decided that the sea mounts within the proposed harbor basin will not be removed as there is a sufficient channel to allow for vessel movement. Navigation lights will be placed at the area of sea mounts to ensure safety.
It is recommended to implement the mitigation measures, management and monitoring plan described in this EIA during the implementation of the project.
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13 REFERENCES
CDE Consulting, (2011). EIA for the Proposed Harbour Project in Meedoo, Dhaalu Atoll
CDE Consulting, (2011). EIA for the Proposed Harbour Re-Development Project in
Foakaidhoo, Shaviyani Atoll
CDE Consulting, (2019). EIA for the Proposed Harbour Development Project in Omadhoo,
Thaa Atoll
CDE Consulting, (2019). EIA for the Proposed Harbour Re-development and Placement of
Shore Protection Measures at Felidhoo, Vaavu Atoll.
Environmental Protection Agency, (2019). EIA Data Collection Guideline.
Goda,Y, (1998). Causes of High Waves at Maldives in April 1987- Asian Development Bank.
Gossman, P. (2020). Migrant Workers in Maldives at Added Risk from COVID-19. Human Rights Watch. https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/03/27/migrant-workers-maldives-added-risk- covid-19#
Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority (GBRMPA) (2009). Water quality guidelines for the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, Townsville.Australia.
Kench, P., Brander, R., Parnell, K.E., and Mclean, R.F. (2006). Wave Energy Gradients Across a Maldivian Atoll: Implications for Island Geomorphology, Geomorphology, 81, PP.1-17.
Kyne, P. M., Ishihara, H., Dudley, S. F., & White, W. T. (2006, 2006). Spotted Eagle Ray.
Retrieved March 19, 2020, from The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/39415/10231645
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Kyne, P. B. (2017, February 07). Pastinachus sephen. Retrieved from The IUCN Red List of
Threatened Species: www.iucnredlist.org/species/70682503/109922153
Maldives Meteorological Service, (2020). Climate Data from L.Kahdhoo and K.Hulhule.
Ministry of Environment, (2018), Island Electricity Databook
National Bureau of Statistics (2020). International Labour Day 2020. http://statisticsmaldives.gov.mv/international-labour-day-2020/
National Bureau of Statistics, (n.d). Census 2014 dataset.
National Bureau of Statistics, (n.d). HIES 2016 dataset.
Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level. (2018). MALE-B, HULULE. Retrieved from PSMSL.org: https://www.psmsl.org/data/obtaining/stations/1753.php
Smale, M. J. (2009). Grey Reef Shark. Retrieved March 19, 2020, from The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2009: https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/39365/10216946
Sun Online (2020). https://sun.mv/139928.
United Nations Development Programme, (2006). Developing a Disaster Risk Profile for Maldives.
Water Solutions Pvt Ltd, (2013). EIA for the proposed reclamation of 15 hectares at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll, Maldives.
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APPENDIX A1 – Approved Terms of Reference (ToR)
Prepared by: CDE Consulting A
Environmental Protection Agency
No: 203-ECA/471/2020/197 Terms of Reference for the Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
The following is the Terms of Reference (ToR) for undertaking the EIA for the Proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll. The proponent of the project is Ministry of National Planning and Infrastructure. The EIA consultant of this project is Ms. Mariyam Hana Saeed (License No. EIAP04/2019).
While every attempt has been made to ensure that this ToR addresses all of the major issues associated with development proposal, they are not necessarily exhaustive. They should not be interpreted as excluding from consideration matters deemed to be significant but not incorporated in them, or matters currently unforeseen, that emerge as important or significant from environmental studies, or otherwise, during the course of preparation of the EIA report.
1. Introduction and rationale – Describe the purpose of the project and, if applicable, the background information of the project/activity and the tasks already completed. Objectives of the development activities should be specific and if possible quantified. Define the arrangements required for the environmental assessment including how work carried out under this contract is linked to other activities that are carried out or that is being carried out within the project boundary. Identify the institutional arrangements relevant to this project.
2. Study area – Submit a minimum A3-size scaled plan with indications of all the proposed infrastructures. Specify the agreed boundaries of the study area for the environmental impact assessment highlighting the proposed development location and size. The study area should include adjacent or remote areas, such as relevant developments and nearby environmentally sensitive sites (e.g. coral reef, sea grass, mangroves, marine protected areas, special birds site, sensitive species’ nursery and feeding grounds). Relevant developments in the areas must also be addressed including residential areas, all economic ventures and cultural sites.
3. Scope of work – Identify and number tasks of the project including preparation, construction and decommissioning phases.
Task 1. Description of the proposed project - Provide a full description and justification of the relevant parts of the coastal protection works, using maps at appropriate scales where necessary. The following should be provided (all inputs and outputs related to the proposed activities shall be justified):
Coastal defense construction and justification; Excavation methods, if required for construction purposes including machinery, man power, expertise and scheduling;
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If beach nourishment/ reclamation is performed include sand dredging activities: location of burrow site, justification, volume needed, extraction methods, type of sediment, man power, scheduling and periodicity; Emergency plan during spillages; Environmental monitoring during construction activities; Measures to protect environmental values during construction and operation phase i.e. sedimentation control.
Project management (include scheduling and duration of the project and life span of facilities: communication of construction details, progress, target dates, construction/operation/closure of labor camps, access to site, safety, equipment and material storage, fuel management and emergency plan in case of spills).
Coastal structure construction Details and justification of location. number, size and materials of coastal protection structures e.g. groins, quay walls and breakwaters; Construction methods. materials, equipment, man power, expertise and scheduling; Justification for selecting the methods and equipment.
Dredging Location and size of sand burrow areas (s) on a map; Justification for the selection of this location; Quantity, quality, and characteristics of fill material; Method and equipment used for dredging, including description of positioning system, depth control system and operational control procedures; Justification for selecting the methods and equipment; Duration of dredging activity; Dredge material is disposal details; Labor requirements and (local) labor availability; Housing of temporary labor; Emergency plan in case of spills (diesel, grease, oil).
Task 2. Description of the environment – Assemble, evaluate, and present the environmental baseline study/data regarding the study area and timing of the project (e.g. monsoon season). Identify baseline data gaps and identify studies and the level of detail to be carried out by consultant. Consideration of likely monitoring requirements should be borne in mind during survey planning. So that data collected is suitable for use as a baseline. As such all baseline data must be presented in such a way that they will be usefully applied to future monitoring. The report should outline detailed methodology of data collection utilized.
The baseline data will be collected before construction and from at least two benchmarks. All survey locations shall be referenced with Geographic Positioning System (GPS) including water sampling points, reef transects, vegetation transects and manta tows sites for posterior data comparison. Information should be divided into the categories shown below:
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Climate Temperature, rainfall, wind, waves, evaporation rates (including extreme conditions); Risk of hurricanes and storm surges.
Geology and geomorphology Offshore/coastal geology and geomorphology (use maps); Bathymetry (bottom morphology) (use maps); (Seasonal) patterns of coastal erosion and accretion; Shoreline (low tide line, high tide line) and vegetation line; Beach profiles from around the island; Characteristics of seabed sediments to assess direct habitat destruction and turbidity impacts during construction; Groundwater quality from temporary project site (temperature, pH, salinity, conductivity, TPH and turbidity).
Hydrography /hydrodynamics (use maps) Tidal ranges and tidal currents; Surface current around the island; Wave climate and wave induced currents; Wind induced (seasonal) currents; Sea water quality measuring these parameters: temperature, pH, salinity, conductivity, total suspended solid (TSS) and turbidity (from all dredging and reclamation locations and from one control site).
Ecology Identify marine protected areas (MPAs) and sensitive sites such as breeding or nursery grounds for protected or endangered species (e.g. coral reefs, spawning fish sites, nurseries for crustaceans or specific sites for marine mammals, sharks and turtles). Include description of commercial species, species with potential to become nuisances or vector; Quantitative marine assessment (Benthic cover and fish community monitoring) around the island including project sites and control sites); Landscape integrity.
Vegetation Clearance (if any) Location to clear vegetation marked on an A-3 size map; Land survey approval of locations to clear, if a road identifying the width of the road; Area to replant 02 plants for each plant removed; Source of plants to be replanted; Schedule of implementation; What would be done with the removed vegetation?
Socio-economic environment Demography: total population, sex ratio, density, growth and pressure on land and marine resources; Income situation and distribution; Economic activities of both men and women (e.g. fisheries, home gardening, fish processing, employment in industry, government);
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Seasonal changes in activities; Land use planning, natural resource use and zoning of activities at sea; Accessibility and (public) transport to other island; Services quality and accessibility (water supply, waste/water disposal, energy supply, social services like health and education); Number of the vessel the harbor can carter.
Hazard vulnerability Vulnerability of area to flooding and storm surge; Risk of natural hazards.
Absence of facilities in the country to carry out the water quality tests will not exempt the proponent from the obligation to provide the necessary data. The report should outline the detailed methodology of data collection utilized to describe the existing environment.
Task 3. Legislative and regulatory considerations: Identify pertinent legislation, regulations and standards, and environmental policies that are relevant and applicable to the proposed project, and identify the appropriate authority jurisdictions that will specifically apply to the project. Include permits and approvals in the EIA document.
Task 4. Potential impacts (environmental and socio-cultural) of proposed project: The EIA report should identify all the impacts, direct and indirect, during and after construction, and evaluate the magnitude and significance of each. Particular attention shall be given to impacts associated with the following:
Impacts on the natural environment Potential changes in near-shore hydrodynamics that may result in changes in erosion/sedimentation patterns, which may impact shore coast line morphology due to upgrade of the harbor; Loss of marine habitat, and related ecosystem impacts; Seawater quality deterioration; Sedimentation impacts to direct impact area and nearby marine habitats; Impacts of noise, vibration and disturbance during the construction; Waste management during construction, particularly from demolition waste; Erosion; Impacts on unique or threatened habitats or species (coral reefs, sea turtles etc.); Impacts on landscape integrity/scenery.
Impacts on the socio-economic environment Benefits and impacts of the project on marine based and other relevant economic activities; Impacts to fishing vessels; Impacts on employment and income, potential for local people to have (temporary) job opportunities (and what kind) in the execution of the proposed project works; Impacts on harbour use during construction (particularly on Fishing fleet, trade and passenger movement); Level of coastal protection from the project design and implementation against hazards such as sea level rise, storm surges, etc.;
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Drainage impacts as a result of level of harbor.
Construction related hazards and risks Pollution of the natural environment from construction related activities and waste (e.g. oil, fuel, cement); Risk of accidents and other potential health risks on workers and local community; Impacts on social and economic values, norms and belief due project outputs.
The methods used to identify the significance of the impacts shall be outlined. One or more of the following methods must be utilized in determining impacts; checklists, matrices, overlays, networks, expert systems and professional judgment. Justification must be provided to the selected methodologies. The report should outline the uncertainties in impact prediction and also outline all positive and negative/short and long-term impacts. Identify impacts that are cumulative and unavoidable.
Task 5. Alternatives to proposed project – Describe alternatives including the “no action option” should be presented. Determine the best practical environmental options. Alternatives examined for the proposed project that would achieve the same objective including the “no action alternative”. Environmental, social and economic factors should be taken into consideration. The report should highlight how the various alternatives were determined. All alternatives must be compared according to international standards and commonly accepted standards as much as possible. The comparison should yield the preferred alternative for implementation. Mitigation options should be specified for each component of the proposed project.
Task 6. Mitigation and management of negative impacts – Identify possible measures to prevent or reduce significant negative impacts to acceptable levels. Mitigation measures to avoid or compensate habitat destruction, e.g. temporal sediment control structures, coastal protection structures to reduce erosion, and temporary and MPA replacement areas. Measures for both construction and operation phase shall be identified. Cost the mitigation measures, equipment and resources required to implement those measures. The confirmation of commitment of the developer to implement the proposed mitigation measures shall also be included. An Environmental management plan for the proposed project, identifying responsible persons, their duties and commitments shall also be given. In cases where impacts are unavoidable arrangements to compensate for the environmental effect shall be given.
Task 7. Development of monitoring plan – Identify the critical issues requiring monitoring to ensure compliance to mitigation measures and present impact management and monitoring plan for coastal modification, beach morphology, sediment movement around the island. A reasonable time frame shall be outlined for monitoring during construction and operational phase. Identify the critical issues requiring monitoring to ensure compliance to mitigation measures and present impact management and monitoring plan. The report shall also provide a detailed cost breakdown for implementing the monitoring plan. Provide commitment of the proponent to conduct the monitoring plan.
Task 8. Stakeholder engagement / Public Participation- Identify appropriate mechanisms for providing information on the development proposal and its progress to all stakeholders, government authorities such as Island Council and members of the general public. The EIA report should include a list of people/groups consulted, their contact details and summary of the major outcomes. The following should be consulted:
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Dh.Meedhoo Island Council; Fisherman; Wholesale and retail traders; Ferry and cargo boat operators; Local Community of Meedhoo (Need to capture at least 20% of the households. Bias towards age and gender needs to be avoided); Ministry of Environment (Environment Department); Maldives Marine Research Institute; National Disaster Management Authority (Can include the general points given by the authority in general for all projects).
If the surveys are undertaken at a time where public health emergency is declared due to COVID 19, consultation with stakeholders can be undertaken via conference calls. Public consultations instead of community gatherings can be undertaken as one on one surveys in person or through telephone (evidence and records of this need to be presented). The EIA report needs to be submitted to island council and atoll council and evidence of submission needs to be included in the report. Meeting minutes shall be annexed and the report shall include a list of those who are consulted and their contact details.
Presentation- The environmental impact assessment report shall be concise and focus on significant environmental issues. It shall contain the findings, conclusions and recommended actions supported by summaries of the data collected and citations for any references used in interpreting those data. The environmental assessment report will be organized according to, but not necessarily limited by, the outline given in the Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations 2012 and subsequent amendments.
Timeframe for submitting the EIA report – The developer must submit the completed EIA report within 6 months from the date of this Term of Reference.
………………………………… 12th June 2020
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APPENDIX A2 – Assessment Methodology and Survey Location Map
Prepared by: CDE Consulting B 1 Assessment Methodology
The Study Area
Based on the results of the initial scoping of potential environmental impacts and the identification of sensitive aspects of the environment the following geographical areas likely to be affected at the various stages of the project:
• During construction stage impacts will occur primarily within a 150 m radius of the project site which is the existing harbour in Meedhoo on the western side of the island. The most direct physical impact will be on-site in the area of the actual physical interventions; particularly on the areas proposed for dredging, existing basin and new basin. • During operation, impacts will be on the marine environment around the harbour and will be mainly on the community in the form of socioeconomic impacts.
Study area of the project is the existing harbor and proposed expansion area. Survey location map is provided below. 72°59'55"E 73°0'0"E 73°0'5"E 73°0'10"E 73°0'15"E 73°0'20"E 73°0'25"E 73°0'30"E 73°0'35"E 73°0'40"E 73°0'45"E 3°0'10"N 3°0'10"N Legend
!. Marine Water Samples
#0 Groundwater Samples 3°0'5"N 3°0'5"N A! Currents
Timed Swim
P6 Marine Transects
P5 3°0'0"N P4 3°0'0"N Beach Profiles
C4 P3 Manta Tow A!T4 Bathymetry 2°59'55"N #0GW2 - control 2°59'55"N !. SW1 - existing basin
TS1 2°59'50"N 2°59'50"N
C3 A! T3 !. SW2 - new basin C5 2°59'45"N TS2 ! 2°59'45"N A P2
TS2 P1
SW3 - control 2°59'40"N TS3 !. 2°59'40"N T1 C1 A! µ #0GW1 - storage area
T2 2°59'35"N 2°59'35"N A! C2
72°59'55"E 73°0'0"E 73°0'5"E 73°0'10"E 73°0'15"E 73°0'20"E 73°0'25"E 73°0'30"E 73°0'35"E 73°0'40"E 73°0'45"E
Marine Transects Beach Profiles Timed Swim Currents Meters Name X Y Name X_start Y_start X_end Y_end Name X_start Y_start X_end Y_end Name X_start Y_start X_end Y_end 050 100 200 T4 73.005 2.99961 73.0044 2.99893 P1 73.0042 2.99502 73.0045 2.99496 TS2 73.0024 2.99638 73.0015 2.99482 C1 73.0047 2.99394 T1 73.005 2.99426 73.0042 2.99383 P2 73.0044 2.99546 73.0047 2.99539 TS1 73.0039 2.9979 73.0029 2.99682 C2 73 2.99264 Meedhoo Island T2 73.0006 2.99246 73.0001 2.99322 P3 73.0052 2.99943 73.0054 2.99927 TS3 73.0039 2.99457 73.0032 2.99414 C3 73.002 2.99639 Dhaalu Atoll T3 73.0017 2.99593 73.0023 2.99659 P4 73.0057 2.99961 73.0055 2.9998 C4 73.0047 2.99933 Harbour Redevelopment EIA P5 73.0061 2.99986 73.0059 3.00005 C5 73.0033 2.99562 P6 73.0063 3.00031 73.0064 3.00015 Survey Locations Manta Tow Groundwater Sample Marine Water Sample PROJECTION: Transverse Mercator (UTM Zone 43 N); HORIZONTAL DATUM: WGS84; Name X_start Y_start X_end Y_end Name XY Name XY VERTICAL DATUM: Hulhule Tide Gauge Manta Tow 73.0057 2.99474 73.0059 3.00079 SW1 - existing basin 73.0047 2.99801 GW1 - storage area 73.0018 2.99359 Aerial Image: August 2020 SW2 - new basin 73.0033 2.99589 GW2 - control 73.0064 2.99827 Map version: 23/12/2020 SW3 - control 73.0042 2.99421 Surveyed and Prepared by: CDE Consulting, Maldives
Field Assessment
Field assessments were undertaken for this report from 18th to 19th August 2020. Field visits mainly covered marine assessments, bathymetry, currents, terrestrial assessment and marine and ground water quality assessment. Additionally, stakeholder and public consultations were carried out specifically for this EIA.
Bathymetry was carried out on from 18th to 19th August 2020 at the existing harbor basin and at the proposed new basin. Bathymetry survey was conducted using Sonarmite Echo Sounder.
Lagoon currents were measures using drogue method from 18th to 19th August 2020. Tide data has been taken from Male’ International Airport Tide Gauge and wave patterns have been estimated using secondary studies and visual field assessments. GPS Coordinates of the area surveyed given in the Table below.
Site Coordinate X Coordinate Y C1 73.0047 2.99394 C2 73 2.99264 C3 73.002 2.99639 C4 73.0047 2.99933 C5 73.0033 2.99562
The aim of this assessment is to establish the baseline condition at the proposed project location. Marine assessments were carried out on from 18th to 19th August. The main objectives of this assessment were: 1. to determine the general status of the reef associated with the island 2. to assess the condition of the marine environment which will be directly impacted by the project 3. to determine the fish species abundance and composition of the reef system
1. Fish census
Fish and invertebrate species assemblages and abundance was determined using a belt transect of 50 m by 5 m. A surveyor swam along the transect and recorded the number and different species of fish and invertebrates observed within belt. Transects were deployed at top reef at each site.
A category-based methodology was adopted to estimate species abundance. The mean number of fish and invertebrate per category was extracted to estimate species abundance.
The categories used to estimate abundance is displayed in table 1-1.
Table 1.1: Fish abundance categories
Category Number of fish 1 1 2 2 - 4 3 5 - 16 4 17 - 64 5 65 - 256
2. Photo Quadrat survey The composition of the substrate was assessed by taking twenty high-resolution images every 5 m (pictures covering 0.5 m2 of the seabed) along the same transect line used for the fish surveys. These were later analysed using CPCe. CPCe, or Coral Point Count with excel extension, developed by the National Coral Reef Institute, is software designed to determine coral community coverage and diversity using transect photographs. Underwater photographic frames are overlaid by a matrix of randomly generated points, and the fauna/flora of species or substrate type lying beneath each point is identified. 25 random points per picture were analysed to characterize the substrate composition (sample size: 275 points per transect).
GPS Coordinates of the area surveyed given in the Table below.
Transect Start point X Start point Y End point X End point Y T1 73.005 2.99426 73.0042 2.99383 T2 73.006 2.99246 73.0001 2.99322 T3 73.0017 2.99593 73.0023 2.99659 T4 73.005 2.99961 73.0044 2.99893
3. Visual Snorkelling Survey
Visual snorkelling surveys were carried out at select location of the reef. General status of the site was recorded, special attention was given to types of corals and fishes present at these sites and the environmental conditions that could affect growth such as suspended solids, depth, and other threats to coral life.
4. Manta tow
Manta tow survey was conducted to determine the general benthic cover and reef condition along the study area. A snorkeler (observer) was towed behind a slow moving boat, along the reef edge for a series of set periods of 2 minutes. At each stop the observer noted down the estimate percentage coverage of Live Coral, Coral Rubble, Dead Coral covered in Algae (DCA), Sand, Rock, and general fish life at these sites.
GPS Coordinates of the area surveyed given in the Table below. Transect Start point X Start point Y End point X End point Y Tow 73.0057 2.99474 73.0059 3.00079
Beach profiles were taken from designated locations around harbour in Meedhoo using standard levelling techniques. The measurement of beach profiles involved the standard practice of surveying with a staff and a dumpy level. Measurements were taken along the beach profile line at different intervals, wherever there occurred a distinctive morphological feature, such as beach ridge, high water mark, an erosion scarp, dip, rise, or other significant break in the beach slope up to a minimum distance of 30 m from the Benchmark. Survey points are indicated in the survey location map. GPS Coordinates of the area surveyed given in the Table below.
Transect Start point X Start point Y End point X End point Y P1 73.0042 2.99502 73.0045 2.99496 P2 73.0044 2.99546 73.0047 2.99539 P3 73.0052 2.99943 73.0054 2.99927 P4 73.0057 2.99961 73.0055 2.998 P5 73.0061 2.99986 73.0059 3.00005 P6 73.0063 3.00031 73.0064 3.00015
Vegetation assessments were carried out to quantify and record any vegetation that would be directly affected or needs to be removed due to the project works. Vegetation was assessed at the existing harbor, proposed harbor expansion area and the proposed area for temporary storage site.
The main methodology used for vegetation assessment was remote sensing, visual observation and through consultations with the island council. A high resolution aerial image taken from a drone and observation was used to classify the vegetation at the affected area.
Ground Water
Groundwater samples were collected and tested for the assessment. Groundwater samples were collected from 2 locations; from the proposed temporary storage site and from a control site. The groundwater samples were collected in 300ml of PET bottles. The samples were collected on 19th August 2020. The samples were tested for pH, salinity, turbidity, temperature and conductivity. Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) test was unavailable at the time of sample submission. Parameters were analysed at the Malé Water and Sewerage Company (MWSC) Water Quality Assurance Laboratory. GPS Coordinates of the area surveyed given in the Table below.
Transect Start point X Start point Y GW1 773.0018 2.99359 GW2 73.0064 2.99827
Marine Water
Marine water were collected and tested for the assessment. Marine water samples were collected from 3 locations; from the existing basin, from proposed area for the new basin and from a control site. The marine water samples were collected in 300ml of PET bottles. The samples were collected on 19th August 2020. The samples were tested for pH, salinity, conductivity, temperature, Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and turbidity. Parameters were analysed at the Malé Water and Sewerage Company (MWSC) Water Quality Assurance Laboratory. GPS Coordinates of the area surveyed given in the Table below.
Transect Start point X Start point Y SW1 73.0047 2.99801 SW2 73.0033 2.99589 SW3 73.0042 2.99421
Consultation with the following stakeholders were conducted via virtual meetings on Google Meet. No physical meetings were held in light of COVID-19. Prior to each meeting, the project brief including the description of the project, work schedule were shared with the stakeholders via email.
Stakeholder consultations were held with the following for this EIA;
1. Island Council of Meedhoo
2. Dhaalu Atoll Council
3. Ministry of Environment 4. Maldives Marine Research Institute
5. Fishermen in Meedhoo
6. Wholesale and retail traders in Meedhoo
7. Ferry and Cargo boat operators
8. Ministry of National Planning and Infrastructure
In order to practice social distancing, no physical meetings were held with the community regarding this project during the field visit. A virtual meeting was held via Google Meet with the community. The Island Council invited resident members to the stakeholder meetings and consultation was held accordingly on Google Meet.
EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
APPENDIX A3 - CVs of Consultants
Prepared by: CDE Consulting C Ahmed Shaig Phone: (+960) 77 88 758 [email protected]
Personal Details Date of Birth: 19/02/1976 Nationality: Maldivian Gender: Male Marital Status: Married Permanent Address: Maldives Present Address: M. Muleege, Orchid Magu, Male’, Maldives.
Education PhD, Environmental Science, 2009 James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
Research degree on ‘Settlement Planning for Natural Hazard Resilience in Small Island States: The Population and Development Consolidation Approach’
BSc Land and Spatial Information Studies/Information Science. (double major), 1999-2001 University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
Diploma in project planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation, 1995 ILO training Centre, Turin, Italy
Employment History
Director, Environmental Services 2008 to present CDE Consulting Supervisor: Dr. Simad Saeed Republic of Maldives Phone: +(960) 7777445 Head of environmental wing
Assistant Under-secretary, Spatial Planning 2002-2004 Ministry of Planning and National Development Supervisor: Hon. Hamdun Hameed Republic of Maldives Phone: +(960) 332-3919 Head of Spatial Planning Unit. Relevant Tasks include: ♦ Oversee environment related projects and application of environmental guidelines for planned projects. ♦ Plan, implement and oversee the development of a National GIS; ♦ Aid/facilitate/oversee urban planning, housing, land use planning, natural resource planning and environment related projects; Provide assistance in project planning (includes urban and regional planning, natural resources planning)
Project Manager, National Digital Mapping Project 2005 (8 months) Ministry of Planning and National Development Supervisor: Hon. Hamdun Hameed Republic of Maldives Phone: +(960) 332-3919 ♦ Project involved aerial photography and satellite imagery of entire Maldives, ground surveying of key settlements, digital conversion of data and setting up a Mapping Unit.
Assistant Planning Officer/Planning Officer 1994-1999 Ministry of Planning and National Development Supervisor: Mr. Mohamed Hunaif Republic of Maldives Phone +(960) 331-3040 Relevant tasks involved: ♦ Assisting in the National GIS Development Programme (Junior GIS developer) ♦ Facilitate urban planning, housing, land use planning, natural resource planning and environment related projects.
Ahmed Shaig page 1
Clarification
I, the undersigned, certify that to the best of my knowledge and belief, this CV correctly describes myself, my qualifications and my experience. I understand that any willful misstatement described herein may lead to my disqualification or dismissal, if engaged.
Signature Date: 15 July 2013
Ahmed Shaig page 7
Membership of Professional Bodies . Member of Building Code Committee, Maldives . Member of Commission on Sustainable development . Member of the Technical Committee for Developing Spatial Plans for conducting tourism related activities in Ari Atoll. . Member of Climate Advisory Council to the President of Maldives 2009- to present. . Registered EIA Consultant in Maldives Environment Protection Agency roster.
Major Publications
SHAIG, A. (2001) "An Overview of Web Based Geographic Information Systems". In Proceedings: Thirteenth Annual Colloquium of the Spatial Information Research Centre. P.A. Whigham (ed). 2 - 5 Dec, Dunedin, New Zealand. University of Otago, pp.255-264.
SHAIG, A. (2006). Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment of the Coastal Infrastructure of Maldives. Technical Paper submitted to Maldives National Adaptation Plan of Action for Climate Change. Ministry of Environment, Energy and Water, Male', Maldives.
SHAIG, A. (2006). Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment of the Land and Beaches of Maldives. Technical Paper submitted to Maldives National Adaptation Plan of Action for Climate Change. Ministry of Environment, Energy and Water, Male', Maldives.
SHAIG, A. (2007) Land Study of Maldives, 2006. Ministry of Planning and National Development, Male’ Maldives.
SHAIG, A. and Aslam, M (2007) Detailed Island Risk Assessment Maldives Volume I to Volume IV – Natural Hazard Assessment (Final Draft). UNDP, Male’ Maldives
SHAIG, A. (2007) Detailed Island Risk Assessment Maldives Volume I to Volume IV – Environmental Vulnerability Assessment (Final Draft). UNDP, Male’ Maldives.
Academic Achievements
2001 Critchlow Associates Prize in Surveying, New Zealand. Prize awarded annually by University council for the highest standard of Achievement in Spatial Information Studies in University of Otago. 1994 Certificate for best results in General Certificate of Examinations, Advanced Level. Science Education Centre, Male’, Maldives
References
Hamdun Hameed David King, Dr. Member of Parliament Associate Proffessor Male’, Maldives James Cook University Tel: (+960) 3323414 Townsville, QLD,Australia, 4811 [email protected] Tel: (+61) 747 81 4441 ,Fax: (+61) 747 81 5581 Email: [email protected] Simad Saeed, Dr Managing Director, Peter Valentine CDE Consulting Head of School, TESAG Department Male’, Maldives James Cook University Tel: +960 777 7445 Townsville, QLD,Australia, 4811 Email: [email protected] Tel: (+61) 747 81 4441 ,Fax: (+61) 747 81 5581 Email: [email protected]
Ahmed Shaig page 6
. January 2013: Environmental consultant for advising on resort development and development control measures in Hankede Island, Addu Atoll . January 2013: Environmental consultant for advising on resort development and development control measures in Hankede Island, Addu Atoll June 2013: Local Environment consultant to the WCCM project, HIDRIA and Aquatica, Spain.
Ahmed Shaig page 5
. March 2010: Prepared the beach management plan and development control for Herathera Island Resort, Addu Atoll. . March 2010: Lead author in the preparation of EIA for power plant upgrading project in Palm Beach Island in Lhaviyani Atoll. . April 2010: Lead author in the preparation of EIA for Seagrass removal and beach replenishment project in Olhuveli Island Resort and Spa, Kaafu Atoll. . April 2010: Prepared an EIA addendum for resort development in Gaakoshibee Island, Shaviyani Atoll. . May 2010: Consultant to undertake island environmental scoping studies in 30 islands in North Maldives to determine islands with resort development potential for GMR Group of India. . May 2010: Lead author in the preparation of EIA for harbour development project in Madidhoo Island, Shaviyani Atoll. . June 2010: Lead author in the preparation of EIA for deep piling project in Olhuveli Island Resort and Spa, Kaafu Atoll. . July 2010: Lead author in the preparation of EIA for the development of an aquaculture site in Kanduoigiri, Kaafu Atoll. . July 2010: Environmental planning consultant for Shangri-La at Viligilli Maldives, Addu Atoll. . July 2010: Environmental planning consultant to the Addu Land Use Planning project (including defining development controls) in Addu Atoll Maldives for South Province Office. . August 2010: Environmental Consultant for the Atoll Ecosystem Conservation Project to declare Baa Atoll as a UNESCO Biosphere reserve. . September 2010: Lead author in the EIA for Seagrass removal and beach replenishment project in Herathera Island, Addu Atoll. . September 2010: Lead author in the EIA for resort redevelopment in Vilamendhoo Island Resort, Ari Atoll. . September 2010: Lead author in the preparation of EIA for Gulhifalhu land reclamation project in Gulhifalhu, Male’ Atoll, for Capital Investment and Finance Limited, UK. . September 2010: Participated in the preparation of EIA for sewerage system development project in Miladhoo, Noonu Atoll. . October 2010: Consultant to undertake the coastal adaptation survey of 40 islands in Maldives for Ministry of Housing and Environment. . November 2010: Environmental consultant for advising on resort development and development control measures in Maamigili Island, Raa Atoll . January 2011: Lead author in the preparation of EIA for sewerage and water system development project in Hithadhoo Island, Addu City for Bi-water International Private Limited. . February 2011: Lead author in the preparation of EIA for sewerage and water system development project in Maradhoo Island, Addu City for Bi-water International Private Limited. . March 2011: Lead author in the preparation of EIA for sewerage and water system development project in Feydhoo Island, Addu City for Bi-water International Private Limited. . April 2011: Lead author in the preparation of EIA for sewerage and water system development project in Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island, Addu City for Bi-water International Private Limited. . May 2012: Coastal erosion mitigation assessment and planning for Six Senses Laamu, Laamu Atoll . January 2012: Lead author in the preparation of EIA for sewerage and water system development project in Fuvahmulah Island, Addu City for Bi-water International Private Limited. . February 2012: Coastal erosion mitigation assessment and planning for Fushivelavaru Island . March 2012: EIA for the proposed resort redevelopment project in Conrad Rangali Island for Champa and Crown Resorts . March 2012: EIA for the proposed resort redevelopment project in Gasfinolhu Island Resort, Champa and Crown Resorts . May 2012: Environmental consultant for advising on resort development and development control measures in Gasfinolhu Island, Male’ Atoll . June 2012: Environmental consultant for advising on resort development and development control measures in Nakachchaa Huraa Island, Male’ Atoll . April 2012: Member of the consultant team that prepared the Tourism Opinion and Profile Survey 2011, Ministry of Tourism. . October 2012: Environmental consultant to the preparation of 4th Tourism Master plan for Ministry of Tourism, Maldives. . November 2013: Environmental consultant for advising on land reclamation, resort development and development control measures in Dhiffushi Island Reef, Male’ Atoll.
Ahmed Shaig page 4 . April-July 2004: Participated in the preparation of the Environmental aspects of the 8 bid proposals for resort Development for various proponents. . November 2005: Participated in the preparation of EIA for L.Gan Resettlement Project for Ministry of Housing. . December 2005: Participated in the surveying and preparation of EIA for Gn Fuvahmulaku Tourist Hotel Development . November 2005: Developed a GIS for strategic planning to select islands for tourism development for Ministry of Tourism. . January 2006: Local consultant for the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) of Maldives Regional Development Plan, for AGRIFOR Consult Consortium, Belgium. . June 2006: Developed the Baa Atoll Resource Management GIS for Ministry of Environment and Energy. . August 2006: Consultant to the Integrated Climate Change System (ICCS) project – Assessment of vulnerability of Maldives Islands and Beaches to climate change . September 2006: Consultant to the ICCS project – Assessment of vulnerability of Maldives Infrastructure to climate change . November 2006: Consultant to the preparation of National Adaptation Programme of Action in Maldives for Ministry of Environment. . December 2006: Environmental Consultant to the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Project: Disaster Risk Assessment of Selected nine Safe Islands in Maldives. . April 2007: Prepared the Coastal Erosion Assessment and Management Report for Ga.Meradhoo Island. . May 2007: Participated in the preparation of EIA for N. Randheli Resort Development Project, I&T Management group. . June 2007: Participated in the preparation of Millennium Development Goals, Maldives Country Report. . October 2007: Natural Hazard Assessment consultant to the UNDP Project: Disaster Risk Assessment of Selected Safe Islands in Maldives. . November 2007: Prepared the EIA for proposed coastal protection, beach replenishment and access improvement of Elaa, Thaa Atoll, for Mr Abbas Mohamed, H. Merry Rose. . May 2009: Participated in the preparation of EIA for sand sourcing and beach replenishment project of Viligilli Island, Addu Atoll, for Shangri-La at Viligilli.. . April 2009: Participated in the preparation of EIA for N. Maafaru Airport Development Project for Noonu Hotels Pvt Ltd. . May 2009: Participated in the preparation of EIA for resort development in Huvandhumaavattaru, Noonu Atoll . June 2009: Prepared a status of the environment report Randheli Island, Noonu Atoll. . July 2009: Prepared the Environmental EIA for harbour development in Fiyoari, Gaafu Dhaalu Atoll. . July 2009: Participated in the preparation of EIA for Jetty and arrival lounge development project in Gan, Addu Atoll, for Island Aviation Services Private Limited. . July 2009: Team Leader for the socio-economic risk assessment of Selected Safe Islands in Maldives. . August 2009: Coastal erosion data synthesis for selected islands of Maldives, for World Bank Maldives Environmental Management Project. . September 2009: Prepared the beach management plan and development control measures for Reethibeach Island Resort, Baa Atoll. . September 2009: Participated in the preparation of EIA for agricultural island development in Felivaru, Noonu Atoll, for Fantasy Private Limited. . September 2009: Consultant to review the safer islands programme and cost benefit study of mitigation measures in three islands in the Maldives for UNDP. . October 2009: Consultant to the Maldives Environmental Management Project for waste management technical assistance for World Bank. . December 2009: Environmental consultant for advising on resort development and development control measures in Randheli Island, Noonu Atoll. . January 2010: Prepared the beach management plan and development control measures for Shangri-La Island Resort, Addu Atoll. . January 2010: Consultant to the Atoll Ecosystem Conservation project conservation component defining conservation areas and development controls. . February 2010: Prepared the environmental audit of Thunbafushi Island, Kaafu Atoll, for Champa Brothers Private Limited.
Ahmed Shaig page 3 Experience in Consultancy
. September 2002: Member of the team appointed for environmental surveying and carrying capacity assessment of islands for tourism development in the southern atolls of Maldives for Ministry of Tourism Maldives. . October 2002: Developed the Census GIS for United National Population Fund . December 2002: Developed the Maldives Protected Areas Systems GIS for Maldives Home Affairs Housing and Environment. . February 2003: Participated in the preparation of Royal Island and Spa Resort Annual Environmental Monitoring Report for Royal Island and Spa. . April 2003: Member of the team selected for developing town plans for urban centres in Northern and Southern Regional Development Zones, looking specifically into environmental control measures, for Ministry of Planning and National Development. . April 2003: Participated in the preparation of Environmental Impact Statement for Coastal Modifications on Rihiveli, South Malé Atoll, Maldives. . April 2003: Participated in the surveying and preparation of Environmental Impact Statement for the proposed coastal improvements to address coastal erosion concerns on Royal Island Spa Resort, Baa Atoll, Maldives. . May 2003: Participated in the bathymetry survey and preparation of Initial Environmental Examination for Deepening of Existing Entrance Channel to Service Jetty, Soneva Gili Resort and Spa, North Malé Atoll, Maldives . May 2003: Participated in the preparation of Initial Environmental Examination for development of an access channel into the natural inner lagoon (Vilu) of Mayafushi resort, North Ari Atoll. . May 2003: Participated in the preparation of Environmental Impact Assessment for Landaa Giraavaru Pvt. Ltd. for the development of a Four Season’s Tourist Resort on the island of Landaa Giraavaru in Baa Atoll, Maldives. . June 2003: Participated in survey and preparation of Initial Environmental Examination for the Development of a Mooring Area and Associated Beach Replenishment in, Boduhithi Club, North Malé Atoll, Maldives. . July 2003: Participated in the surveying and preparation of Initial Environmental Examination for Short- term and Long-term Shore Protection Measures at Alimatha Tourist Resort, Vaavu Atoll, Maldives. . July 2003: Conducted shoreline and vegetation line of Alimatha Tourist Resort, Vaavu Atoll, Maldives. . July 2003: Participated in the surveying for Initial Environmental Examination for Short-term and Long- term Shore Protection Measures at Dhiggiri Tourist Resort, Vaavu Atoll, Maldives. . July 2003: Participated in conducting and preparation of Fun Island Resort Annual Environmental Monitoring Report. . July 2003: Participated in conducting and preparation of Sun Island Resort Annual Environmental Monitoring Report. . July 2003: Participated in conducting and preparation of Holiday Island Resort Annual Environmental Monitoring Report. . August 2003: Developed the Initial Environmental Examination for the construction of Sun Decks along the southern beach of Kudarah Island Resort. . September 2003: Participated in surveying and preparation of Fonaddoo Environmental Impact Assessment Report for the development of fisheries complex, Fonaddoo, Maldives. . October 2003: Participated in surveying and preparation of Kuda Rah Erosion Study and recommendations for shore protection and erosion prevention . November 2003: Conducted vegetation and shoreline survey of Dhonveli Beach and Spa and Four Seasons Report for the Boundary Delineation between the two islands. . December 2003: Contributed to the Landuse Planning Guidelines of Maldives (environmental aspects) for Ministry of Housing and Urban Development. . December 2003: Contributed to the Development of a Building Code of Maldives for Ministry of Housing and Urban Development. . January 2004: Co-author to the Environmental Guidelines for the Development of Resort Islands in Maldives, Ministry of Tourism. . February 2004: Developed the Baa Atoll Spatial Development Plan for Ministry of Planning and National Development.
Ahmed Shaig page 2 MARIYAM HANA SAEED
PRESENT ADDRESS CONTACTS NATIONALITY
G.Quest, 8A, Alikilegefaanu Magu +960 797 0022 [email protected] Maldivian Malé, Maldives
EDUCATION
2017 - 2018 Masters in Sustainable Energy and Entrepreneurship University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
Dissertation: Analysis of Decentralised Energy Systems to create value through innovative business models at community level.
2012 - 2014 Bachelor of Environments University of Melbourne, Australia
Major in Environmental Geographies, Politics and Culture
2008 - 2010 Higher Secondary Education, Edexcel A’ Level Centre for Higher Secondary Education, Male’ Maldives
2005 - 2007 Secondary Education, GCE O’ Level Aminiya School, Male’ Maldives
LANGUAGES Reading Speaking Writing
English Excellent Excellent Excellent
Dhivehi Excellent Excellent Excellent
TRAININGS & CONFERENCES
É Endorsement Workshop on Maldives Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) | 10 Sep 2015 É Workshop on Maldives Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Implementation Plan | 30 Jan 2017 É Conference of the Parties (COP21) | 2015, Paris, France
PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONS
É VESHI NGO | Volunteer and Consultant on Renewable Energy É University of Melbourne Alumni Association | Member É Maldives Australia Alumni | Member É Registered EIA Consultant | Environmental Protection Agency of the Maldives
Page 1 of 15 COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT AND VOLUNTEER WORK
É Guest speaker for radio program ‘Climate Change’ on Voice of Maldives | May 2016 É Guest speaker for radio on Environment Day | June 2016 É Guest Lecturer on ‘Climate Change’ for Year 2 Political Science Students | Maldives National University, April 2017 É Guest Lecturer on ‘Climate Change’ and ‘Politics of Climate Change’ for Year 1 Political Science Students | Maldives National University, May 2017
ACHIEVEMENTS
É Recipient of Chevening Awards Scholarship 2017 É Recipient of Australia Awards Scholarship 2012 É Achieved fourth place in National Top Ten in Higher Secondary Education É Achieved first place in National Top Ten in Secondary Education
EMPLOYMENT HISTORY
March 2015 to Present
Senior Consultant, Sustainable Development | CDE Consulting, Malé, Maldives
Specialised Work Areas | Waste management, Renewable energy and Water
Led and managed projects for clients including Cheval Blanc Randheli, Conrad Maldives, Shangri-La’s Villingili, Clubmed Finolhu Villas, UNDP, Ooredoo, Damac, Ministry of the Environment and Energy, Ministry of Tourism, China State Construction Engineering Cooporation Limited (CSCEC) to name a few.
Responsibilities
É Leading and managing projects
É Sustainable development planning and policy development
É Environmental and Social Impact assessments
É Development of environmental management systems and performance auditing including waste and energy audits
É Capacity building and training in the areas of renewable energy and sustainable waste management.
February 2011 to January 2012
Administrative Assistant | The President’s Ofce, Malé, Maldives
Responsibilities
É Monitored the policies under governance section in the Policy Offce
É Led administrative work to organise the 17th SAARC Summit in November 2011 and worked in coordination with other government bodies, private agencies and key decision makers.
Page 2 of 15 EXPERIENCE
Waste Management
EIA/EMP for Waste Management Centre at Select Sites at Laamu Atoll
Year . 2017 Location . Laamu Atoll’ Client . UNDP LECReD Position . Project Manager and Sustainability Consultant Activities Performed Site visit, stakeholder consultations, impact assessment and management plan report writing and compilation for all islands in Laamu Atoll.
Food Waste Audit
Year . 2019 Location . Paradise Island Resort Client . Paradise Island Resort Position . Project Manager and Sustainability Consultant Activities Performed Site visit and conducting an audit of the food waste generated in the guest and staff kitchen. Analysing results and presentation.
Food Waste Audit
Year . 2019 Location . Holiday Inn Kandooma Client . Holiday Inn Kandooma Position . Project Manager and Sustainability Consultant Activities Performed Site visit and conducting an audit of the food waste generated in the guest and staff kitchen. Analysing results and presentation.
Environmental Management Plan for Island Waste Management Centre
Year . 2019 Location . B.Dhonfanu Client . Ministry of Environment Position . Sustainability Consultant Activities Performed Reviewing of fnal report.
Environmental Management Plan for Island Waste Management Centre
Year . 2019 Location . B.Hithaadhoo Client . Ministry of Environment Position . Sustainability Consultant Activities Performed Reviewing of fnal report.
Page 3 of 15 Energy
Finolhu Villas energy audit 2015
Year . 2015 Location . Kaafu Atoll Client . Finolhu Villas Position . Consultant for Energy Activities Performed Conducted an onsite comprehensive energy audit of the resort, quantifed energy consumption and production patterns, data analysis and report writing.
Feasibility study for solar panel installation in F.Nilandhoo
Year . 2015 Location . Faafu Atoll Client . F.Nilandhoo Position . Consultant for Energy Activities Performed Conducted baseline surveys of potential buildings for solar panel installation, gathered baseline information about the existing power generation capacity, demand and expenditure for fuel and powerhouse maintenance, data analysis and contributed to report writing.
Understanding the risks to and vulnerability of energy sector to climate change in tourist resorts of the Maldives
Year . 2015 - 2016 Location . Maldives Client . Tourism Adaptation Platform / UNDP Position . Consultant for Energy Activities Performed Undertook baseline studies on dependency of the Maldives to fuel and its vulnerability; designed methodology and energy audit questionnaire; conducted a comprehensive energy audit in Vila- mendhoo Resort & Spa, Kurumba Maldives, Bandos Island Resort,The Sun Siyam Irufushi Maldives, Embudu Village; data analysis and presentation of audit fndings. Conducted workshops with engineers in each of the 5 resorts on climate change awareness and vulnerability of tourist resorts to climate change. Conducted a workshop to present the fndings of the project to stakeholders.
Power Plant Registration Environment Checklist for MWSC Power Plant
Year . 2017 Location . Male’ Client . Maldives Water and Sewerage Company Limited Position . Project Manager and Sustainable Development Consultant Activities Performed Overall project management ensuring timely delivery of project components, visiting the site for assessment for to check if fuel handling and fre safety measures are in check.
Water
Desalination plant registration at Conrad Maldives Rangali Island
Year . 2015 Location . Alifu Dhaal Atoll Client . Conrad Maldives Rangali Island Position . Consultant for Water Activities Performed Undertook baseline studies and facilitated the registration process.
Page 4 of 15 Desalination plant registration at Kudarah Island Resort
Year . 2016 Location . Alifu Dhaal Atoll Client . Kudarah Island Resort Position . Consultant for Water Activities Performed Undertook baseline studies and facilitated the registration process.
Desalination plant registration at Mirihi Island Resort
Year . 2015 Location . Alifu Dhaal Atoll Client . Mirihi Island Resort Position . Consultant for Water Activities Performed Undertook baseline studies and facilitated the registration process.
Terminal Evaluation for the project titled increasing climate resilience through an integrated water resource management programme in Ha.Ihavandhoo, Adh.Mahibadhoo Gdh.Gadhdhoo
Year . 2015 Location . Ha. Ihavandhoo, Adh. Mahibadhoo and Gdh.Gadhdhoo Client . UNDP Position . National consultant Activities Performed Reviewed project documents, conducted stakeholder consultations, logistics management, de- signed survey methodology and questionnaire for consultations in coordination with the interna- tional consultant, visited the three islands and conducted council meetings and public consulta- tions with focused groups. Contributed to report writing and presented preliminary fndings to stakeholders.
EIA for the proposed water supply system at Vilufushi, Thaa Atoll
Year . 2016 Location . Th. Vilufushi Client . Ministry of Environment and Energy Position . Team Leader Activities Performed Stakeholder consultations, Socio-economic impact assessment and report writing.
EIA for the proposed water supply system at Eydhafushi, Baa Atoll
Year . 2016 Location . B. Eydhafushi Client . Ministry of Environment and Energy Position . Project Manager Activities Performed Stakeholder consultations, Socio-economic impact assessment and report writing.
EIA for the proposed water supply system at Guraidhoo, Kaaufu Atoll
Year . 2016 Location . K.Guraidhoo Client . State Electric Company Limited (STELCO) Position . Project Manager Activities Performed Stakeholder consultations, Socio-economic impact assessment and report writing.
Page 5 of 15 Desalination Plant Registration at Mirihi Island Resort
Year . 2019 Location . Mirihi Island Resort Client . Mirihi Island Resort Position . Sustainability Consultant Activities Performed Field visit, data analysis and application form compilation.
Desalination Plant Registration at Sun Aqua Iru Veli.
Year . 2019 Location . Sun Aqua Iru Veli Client . Ocean Islands Private Limited Position . Sustainability Consultant Activities Performed Field visit, data analysis and application form compilation.
Desalination Plant Registration at Ithaafushi Maldives
Year . 2019 Location . Ithaafushi Maldives Client . Ithaafushi Investments Private Limited Position . Sustainability Consultant Activities Performed Data analysis and application form compilation.
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
EIA for the proposed development of a tertiary hospital
Year . 2015 Location . Hulhumalé Client . Tree top Health Pvt Ltd Position . Team leader Activities Performed Stakeholder consultations, socioeconomic impact assessment and contributed to report writing.
EIA for the proposed redevelopment of Nasandhura Palace Hotel
Year . 2015 Location . Malé Client . NPH Investments Pvt Ltd Position . Consultant for Water and Energy Activities Performed Stakeholder consultations, conducted baseline surveys and contributed to report writing.
EIA for the proposed construction of a 9-storey building at the compound of ADK Hospital
Year . 2015 Location . Malé Client . ADK Hospital Pvt Ltd Position . Consultant for Water and Energy Activities Performed Contributed to report writing.
Page 7 of 15 EIA for the proposed land reclamation and resort development project at Ithaafushi Reef
Year . 2015 Location . South Malé Atoll Client . Sumaiyya Holdings Pvt Ltd Position . Team Leader Activities Performed Designed stakeholder consultations, socioeconomic assessment and contributed to report writing.
EIA for the proposed land reclamation and resort development project at Bodukaashihuraa
Year . 2015 Location . Adh. Atoll Client . Millennium Capital Management Pvt Ltd Position . Consultant for Water and Energy Activities Performed Undertook baseline surveys, Stakeholder consultations, and contributed to report writing.
EIA for the channel dredging and beach replenishment activities at Canareef Resort Maldives
Year . 2015 Location . Addu City Client . Canareef Resort Pvt Ltd Position . Consultant for Water and Energy Activities Performed Contributed to report writing.
EIA for the proposed resort development project at Kudadhoo Island
Year . 2015 Location . Lhaviyani Atoll Client . Champalars Pvt Ltd Position . Consultant for Water and Energy Activities Performed Contributed to report writing.
EIA for the proposed land reclamation and resort development project at Madivaru Island
Year . 2015 Location . Kaafu Atoll Client . Shuaz Investments Pvt Ltd Position . Consultant for Water and Energy Activities Performed Undertook baseline surveys, Stakeholder consultations, and contributed to report writing.
EIA for the proposed Hulhule’ – Male’ bridge project
Year . 2015 Location . Malé Client . Ministry of Housing and Environment Position . Consultant for Water and Energy Activities Performed Contributed to report writing.
EIA for the proposed test drilling for Hulhule’ - Male’ bridge construction project
Year . 2015 Location . Malé Client . Ministry of Housing and Environment Position . Consultant Activities Performed Stakeholder consultations and contributed to report writing.
Page 8 of 15 Research and Market Studies
Maldives Visitor Survey 2015
Year . 2015 Location . Hulhule Client . Ministry of Tourism Position . Team leader and Enumerator Activities Performed Supervised survey enumerators and conducted the survey.
Maldives Democracy Survey 2015
Year . 2015 Location . Maldives Client . International Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFES) and Transparency Maldives Position . Team leader and Enumerator Activities Performed Supervised survey enumerators and conducted the survey.
Maldives Visitor Survey, September 2016
Year . 2016 Location . Hulhumalé Phase II Client . Ministry of Tourism Position . Project Manager Activities Performed Overall project management including training the enumerators, ensuring the timely delivery of survey and data entry.
Technical Analysis of Market to Develop Energy Effciency Labels and Standards Program in the Maldives
Year . 2017 Location . Male’ Client . Ministry of Environment and Energy Position . Project Manager and Sustainable Development Consultant Activities Performed Overall project management ensuring timely delivery of project components, meeting with client on a timely basis, facilitating retailer survey, sorting and managing data, presenting preliminary fndings to the client, writing fnal draft report and working on the contents of the fnal presentation.
REFEREES
Dr. Simad Saeed Professor Mark Gillott Dr.Ahmed Shaig CDE Consulting, Malé, Maldives University of Nottingham CDE Consulting, Malé, Maldives E. [email protected] E. [email protected] E. [email protected] M . + 960 7777 445 M . +44 115 846 7677 M . + 960 7788 758
Mariyam Hana Saeed Date 1 July 2019
Page 15 of 15 Fathimath Yamna Mohamed
Permanent address: M. Niyandhurumaage Contact no.: +960 9995153
Present address: M.Uniya, Fareedhee magu, Male’ E-mail: [email protected] ______
Education:
v Double degree in Environmental Science/ Economics at Queensland University of Technology
QUT Student Prize 2018 Dean’s list of academic excellence Member of College of Excellence QUT Science and Engineering Dean’s Scholars program QUT International Merit Scholarship QUT Natural Resource Society QUT Leadership and Development program
v London GCE A’ Level (2013) Biology: A Mathematics with Statistics: A Chemistry: B
v Cambridge (2013) Certificate of Proficiency in English (CPE): B
v HSC Examinations (2013) Islam: B Dhivehi: B
v London GCE O’ Level (2010) English as a second language: A* English language: A Biology: A* Chemistry: A* Physics: A* Economics: A* Mathematics: A
v SSC examinations (2010) Islam: B Dhivehi: B
v IELTS (2013) Score of 8.5 out of 9.0
v Certificate two in Information Technology (2011) Merit level
Trainings and Workshops: v International Organisation for Migration training program (Male’, Maldives) Counter trafficking, legal aspects, victim identification and investigation techniques v Labour inspection training (Male’ Maldives) v Workshop on safe roads by Ministry of Housing, Transport and Environment (Male’, Maldives)
Employment:
CDE consulting, Male’, Maldives February 2019- present, Sustainability Consultant
Ø EIA for the Proposed Development of a 9 Storey Building at ADK Hospital (2017) Ø EIA for Harbour Development, R.Maakurathu (2018) Ø Environmental Monitoring Report, Bolidhuffaru (2018) Ø First Addendum to the EIA for the Proposed Development of the 9-Storey Building at ADK Hospital, Male’ Ø Environmental Monitoring Report, CSCEC 7000 Housing Units (2019) Ø Rent Survey (2019) Ø Environment Management Plan, Dhigali (2019) Ø Environment Management Plan, Sirrufenfushi (2019) Ø EIA for Resort Development, Ga.Odegalla (2019) Ø First Addendum to the EIA for the Proposed Extension of Male’ East Coast (2019) Ø EIA for Road Development in Hulhumeedhoo, Addu City (2019) Ø Maldives Visitor Survey (2019)
CDE consulting, Male’, Maldives January 2017, Intern Ø Assisted with writing Environment Impact Assessments Ø Data entry
Labour Relations Authority (LRA), Male’, Maldives September 2013 to October 2014, Assistant Labour Relations Officer Ø Inspection of work places to check whether they are in compliance with the Employment Act. Ø Planning and carrying out awareness programs. Ø Write reports and recommendation letters after inspection. Ø Follow-up of inspections. Ø Investigations into cases submitted by employees and employers. Ø Carrying out mediation processes. Ø Managing the inspection database. Ø Other on hand administrative work.
National Bureau of Statistics, Male’, Maldives September 2014, Enumerator Ø Enumerator for Census 2014
Ministry of Youth and Sports, Male’, Maldives 2011, enumerator Ø Surveying experience
Leadership Academy, Male’, Maldives November 2011, volunteer Ø Volunteer at a life skills camp for children aged 4 to 12
Ministry of Health and Gender, Male’, Maldives January 2011, intern Ø Creating and updating a database for setting up disability allowances Ø Workshop on safe roads by Ministry of Housing, Transport and Environment (Male’, Maldives)
Curriculum Vitae Personal Information
Name: Mamdhooh Saeed
Permanent Address: Finifenmaage, G.Dh.Vaadhoo, Maldives
Current Address: Unimaa Villa, Orchid Magu, 20256, Male’, Maldives
Date of birth: 21-02-1992 Gender : Male
Mobile No: +960 771 7790
Passport No: E0486167 Email: [email protected]
Objective
To be able to work in an environment where in my capabilities and skills are to be best utilized and will offer career advancement and where I can use my experience.
Qualifications and Education
2006 – 2008 General Certificate in Education Ordinary Level & Secondary School Certificate Dharumavantha School, Male’, Maldives 2009 –2010 General Certificate in Education Advanced Level & Higher Secondary School Certificate CHSE, Male’, Maldives 2010-2011 General Certificate in Education Advanced Level & Higher Secondary School Certificate Villa International High School, Male’, Maldives
2015-2019 Bachelor of Science in Environmental Science Mahidol University International College, Nakon Pathom, Thailand
Activities and Interests Activities: • Participated in “Kayaking for Chao Phraya” ▪ Was 1 of 6 participants who kayaked the whole 400 km stretch of the river ▪ Was involved in collecting trash from the river, a total of more than 2 tons were collected by all the participants • Participated in Scout during Primary and Secondary School years: ▪ Attended Jamborees in Malaysia, Pakistan and even Hulhumale’ ▪ Jamborees offered opportunity to interact with scouts from all over the world ▪ Main focus of SAFF friendship jamboree in Pakistan was to foster friendship between the SAARC countries through their youth
Interests: • Playing football, basketball, swimming, free diving • Travelling and learning about places and cultures
Skills • Experience and knowledge in data management, fluent in Microsoft word, excel and power point.
Personal statement
I describe myself as a well organized, motivated, flexible, caring and hardworking person. I am confident of my communication skills and ability to work as a team member, yet I realise my own limitations and do not hesitate to ask for help if needed.
PROFILE
M A A S A A L I As a member of the data analytics team in CDE, I store, maintain and manage multiple data sets on a spatial system for internal use and provide mobile mapping solutions, to enable access of data internally and externally. As such I work with economic, social as well as environmental data, analyse data and provide solutions for CONSULTANT - data visualisation. INFORMATION SYSTEMS, GIS, DATA ANALYTICS, TECHNOLOGY EXPERIENCE
DEVELOPING GIS MAPS FOR 6TH NATIONAL REPORT TO CBD MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT | APRIL 2019 - PRESENT
Enhancing existing GIS layers on Biodiversity Collect and analyse biodiversity data and demarcate to produce comprehensive GIS maps with boundaries.
MANAGING GIS CDE CONSULTING | MARCH 2018 - PRESENT
Digitise, create, maintain, display and update GIS database, coverages and linkages to other GIS databases Produce accurate maps and other representations of data for internal use Web mapping and mobile mapping Record and document details of map updates, additions or deletions
EDUCATION
BACHELOR OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY | 2015 - 2017 AREAS OF EXPERTISE: SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN ECOLOGY
SKILLS
GIS workflow Detail oriented Quantitative Data Analysis Familiar with AutoCAD Qualitative Data Analysis Spatial data and algorithms Metadata creation and Proficient in ESRI ArcGIS 10x editing with Network Analyst, Cartography Spatial Analyst Able to apply expertise in multiple domains
CONTACT AWARDS
+960 999 5123 AUSTRALIA AWARDS RECIPIENT 2015 [email protected] VOLUNTEER WORK
VESHI NGO | 2013 - PRESENT ALI MOOSA DIDI 4th floor, MA. Rose Villa • Dhevina Magu • Male' • Maldives • 00 960 791-2001• [email protected]
A highly motivated individual with a hardworking attitude and over ten years of experience in the surveying industry of the Maldives.
Personal
Name: Ali Moosa Didi Date of Birth: 18th June 1985 Gender: Male Marital Status: Single NID No: A-154179
Education
UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE, GCE ORDINARY LEVEL (JAN 1997) Madharasthul Islamiya School Male’, Rep of Maldives
Employment
SURVEYOR (FULL TIME) (January 2010 – PRESENT) CDE Pvt Ltd Male', Rep of Maldives Conducting field based surveying activities; including shoreline mapping exercises, vegetation assessments, topographic surveys and hydrographic surveys. Work duties also include the consequent data processing and mapping activities of all the surveys conducted at the office.
HUMAN RESOURCES OFFICER (FULL TIME) (January 2010 – PRESENT) Ryco Investment Pvt Ltd Male', Rep of Maldives Assisted the Office Manager in handling all the human resources related duties of the Office, including Payroll processing.
ASSISTANT SURVEYOR (FULL TIME) (January 2010 – PRESENT) CDE Pvt Ltd Male', Rep of Maldives Assiting field based surveying activities; including shoreline mapping exercises, vegetation assessments, topographic surveys and hydrographic surveys. Work duties also included the consequent data processing and mapping activities of all the surveys conducted at the office.
俀A Skills
Competent in using Surveying Equipment and Accessories Intermediate in Microsoft Applications Intermediate in ArcGIS application
俀A
Work Experience
• Travelled to all 20 atolls of the Maldives • Over 100+ islands in the Maldives; including 20+ Resorts, 50+ Inhabited islands and 30+ Uninhabited islands and their associated reef systems Some of the EIA’s that I have worked on as a member of the team, or contributed to the field surveying work (Past 5 years only); • Tourism Development Projects: . Adh. Bodukaashihuraa Resort Development EIA . B. Dhigufaruvinagandu Resort Development EIA . K. Madivaru Resort Development EIA . Lh. Fushifaru Resort Development EIA . N. Thanburudhuffushi Picnic Island Development EIA . K. Gasfinolhu Addendum EIA (Palm transplanting) . K. Taj Vivanta Resort Shore Protection EIA . Lh. Maabinhuraa Resort Development EIA . Aa. Maagaa Resort Development EIA . Aa. Madivaru Finolhu Resort Development EIA . Olhuveli Lagoon Reclamation EIA . Dh. Aluvifushi Resort Development EIA . Lh. Huruvalhi Resort Development EIA • Agricultural Development Projects: . Sh. Madidhoo Agricultural Development EIA . Lh. Maduvarri Agricultural Development EIA . N. Minaavaru Agricultural Development EIA • Airport Development Projects: . R. Ifuru Airport Development EIA . N. Maafaru Airport Development EIA • Major public/ private sector Projects: . Tree Top Hospital Development EIA . Nasandhura Palace Hotel Redevelopment EIA . Thilafushi Harbor Development EIA . Male-Hulhule Bridge, Borehole Drilling EIA . Male-Hulhule Bridge EIA . Addu and Fuvahmulah ESIA for Wetland Project
References
Simad Saeed, PhD Ahmed Shaig, PhD Managing Director Director CDE Pvt Ltd CDE Pvt Ltd 4th Floor, Orchidmaage, Ameeruahmed Magu, 4th Floor, Orchidmaage, Ameeruahmed Magu, Male’Maldives Male’Maldives [email protected] [email protected] Tel: +960 331 2514 Tel: +960 331 2514 Fax: +960 331 5926 Fax: +960 331 5926
EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
APPENDIX B1 – Detailed Site Plan
Prepared by: CDE Consulting D M T CC MALDIVES TRANSPORT & CONTRACTING COMPANY PLC MTCC
Meters 54 0 54 108
1:1800 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
APPENDIX B2 – Alternative Site Plan
Prepared by: CDE Consulting E 277700.000000 277800.000000 277900.000000 278000.000000 278100.000000 278200.000000 278300.000000 278400.000000 278500.000000 278600.000000 Dredging Dredge Depth (m Est Volume Feature Area (sq m) MSL) (cbm) New sand retention New Basin D1 2,000.00 -3 1,000.00 Rotated outer Breakwater Groyne Maintenance dredging D2 18,000.00 -3 3,350.00 opening 65 ft Site D3 4,000.00 -3 6,500.00 155 ft Site D4 2,200.00 -3 4,400.00 Total 26,200.00 15,250.00 .000000 .000000 Reclamation and Backfill
331700 Quaywall as 331700 Elevation Est Volume Feature Area (sq m) (MSL) (cbm) originally proposed Reclamation Area A 3,000.00 1.2 6,600.00 Reclamation Area B 2,000.00 1.5 2,200.00 Reclamation Area C 3,000.00 1.2 6,300.00 Basin Total 15,100.00 Dredging D4 Alternative Site A 1,100.00 -3 2,200.00 .000000 .000000 331600 331600 Maintenance Alternative Site A Dredging D2 Legend
Shore Protection Structures Outer Breakwater Maintenance_Dredging
.000000 453 ft .000000
(shifted slighly south) Reclamation 331500 331500
Basin Dredging New T-jetty 90 ft; 70 ft Alternative Borrow Site Reclamation Area C contour 1mV2
.000000 Revised Quaywall Ramp .000000
331400 620 ft 331400
Outer Breakwater Basin 770 ft Dredging D1 Reclamation Area A 6000 sq m .000000 .000000 Low rock Project 331300 Reclamation Area B 331300 Basin revetment Modified picnic Harbour Redevelopment Project, Dredging D3 140-160 ft area Meedhoo Island, Dhaalu' Atoll
Map Title
.000000 .000000 Revised harbour layout New 331200 Groyne 80 ft Revised 331200 Groyne 115 ft Client: Ministry of Planning, Housing and Infrastructure Scale and Projection: 1:3,000 Meters
.000000 .000000 0 25 50 100 µ PROJECTION: Transverse Mercator (UTM Zone 43 N); 331100 331100 HORIZONTAL DATUM: WGS84; VERTICAL DATUM: Hulhule Tide Gauge
Map No: Revision V-CONCEPT-1-01 01 Map version: 01/12/2020; Prepared By: Shaig
.000000 .000000 CDE Consulting 4th Floor, Orchidmaage
331000 331000 Ameer Ahmed Magu 277700.000000 277800.000000 277900.000000 278000.000000 278100.000000 278200.000000 278300.000000 278400.000000 278500.000000 278600.000000 Male' Maldives (+960)3312514; [email protected] ,t '@ r i)-2a E :l 15, {, ) i, I : Erl I "I !! B I '\ : _z I i!tl !E l* I a i:: I E* :r ziel ..91 ..?/ I ffi P EEiI tlit !5lr 3 & i* ! EY9I iEi
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I E[ EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
APPENDIX B3 – Work Schedule
Prepared by: CDE Consulting F Dh.Meedhoo Harbour Upgrade - 365 days
PLAN ACTIVITY PLAN START DURATION PERIODS (Months) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9101112
Preparation & EIA 1 2
Preliminaries 2 2
Dredging 3 1.5
Quay wall structure 4 3
Ramp (concrete) 6 1
Harbour Lights & Pavement 7 1
Mooring Blocks 7 0.5
Breakwaters 8 3
Revetments 8 3
Bridge (concrete) 10 1
Environmental control 2 10
Handing over 12 0.5
Design period- 30 days EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
APPENDIX C1 – Stakeholder Meeting Minutes
Prepared by: CDE Consulting G
EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
APPENDIX D – Baseline Environment
Prepared by: CDE Consulting H 1 Baseline Environment
Bathymetry
Attached below.
Beach Profiles
Graphs attached below. .000000 .000000 .000000 .000000 .000000 .000000 .000000 .000000 277700 277800 277900 278000 278100 278200 278300 278400
.000000 .000000 Legend Breakwater
331700 331700 Contours
-2 Bathymetry
-4 -35 - -30
-3
-4 -30 - -25 .000000 .000000 -4 -25 - -20
-33 -29 -21
-3 -20 - -18 -4 331600 331600 -18 - -16 -36
-36
-4 -16 - - 14 -1
-4
-6
-4 -7 -35 -10 -14 - -12
0
-4 -5 -12 - -10
-19
-18 -4 -26 -10 - -9 -28 -22 -29 -24 -1 -30 -25 -20 -27 -7 -23 -9 - -8 .000000 .000000 -33
-4 -8 - - 7
331500 331500 -7 - -6 -32 -6 - -5
-34 -5 - -4 -12 -4 - -3 -3 - -2
-35 -2 - -1 -35
-18 -36
.000000 -1 .000000 -1 - 0 -2 -14
-13 -32 0 - 1
-19 -2 331400 331400
-13 -19 -11 -9 -10
-11 -12 -31
-38 -11 -17
-38 -35
-38 -38 -38 -38 Dhaalu Atoll
-37
-7
-16 -17 -9 -12 -8 -1 -6 -9 .000000 .000000 Project -5
-38 -18 -5 -7 -7 -17 -14 Dh. Meedhoo -16 -15
-6 331300 331300 Harbour Redevelopment
-15 -14 Client -13 MNPHI -4 -1
-3 Map Title -10
-1 -1
.000000 .000000 Bathymetry -8
-4
-5 Scale and Projection: 331200 331200 PROJECTION: Transverse Mercator (UTM Zone 43 N); HORIZONTAL DATUM: WGS84; VERTICAL DATUM: PSMs VERTICAL UNITS: Metres Meters -1 0 10 20 40 60 80 100 -1 -1 -1 µ
-7 -2 -4 -6 -9 Map No: Revision -5 -17 -8 -11 -18
.000000 -10 -22 .000000 -16 -19 -12 -14 -23 -13 -20 -25 -27 Dh_MDO-BATHY-001 00 -15 -21 -26 -3 -28 Map version: 9/7/2020; Prepared by: AM 331100 331100
-29 CDE Consulting -30 -24 -30 -30 -27 -28 4th Floor, Orchidmaage -29 Ameer Ahmed Magu Male' Maldives (+960) 3312514; [email protected] .000000 .000000 .000000 .000000 .000000 .000000 .000000 .000000 277700 277800 277900 278000 278100 278200 278300 278400
Marine Environment
Transect 1
Figure 1.1 Top panel shows an overview of the reef edge while bottom panel shows benthic substrate composition along T-1 (1.5m) (August 2020).
Figure 1.2 Benthic substrate composition along T-1 (1.5m) in August 2020.
Table 1.1 List of Fish Census along T-1 (1.5 m) in August 2020.
IUCN Red List Abundance Species Common Name Status T-1 (1.5m) Myripristis murdjan Crimson Soldierfish Least Concern 2 Cephalopholis leopardus Leopard Rock Cod Least Concern 2 Cephalopholis argus Peacock Rock Cod Least Concern 2 Epinephelus merra Honeycomb Grouper Least Concern 2 Lutjanus bohar Red Bass (Red Snapper) Least Concern 1 Parupeneus cyclostomus Yellow-saddle Goatfish Least Concern 2 Parupeneus macronema Long-barbel Goatfish Least Concern 2 Chaetodon trifasciatus Pinstriped Butterflyfish Least Concern 2 Chaetodon kleinii Brown Butterflyfish Least Concern 2 Chaetodon guttatissimus Spotted Butterflyfish Least Concern 2 Chaetodon triangulum Triangular Butterflyfish Least Concern 2 Forcipiger flavissimus Long-nose Butterflyfish Least Concern 2 Forcipiger longirostris Very-long-nose Butterflyfish Least Concern 1 Pygoplites diacanthus Regal Angelfish Least Concern 1 Centropyge multispinis Many-spined angelfish Least Concern 2 Paracirrhites forsteri Forster's Hawkfish Least Concern 2 Amphiprion clarkii Clark's Anemonefish Not Evaluated 2 Chromis dimidiata Two-tone Puller Least Concern 4 Pomacentrus nagasakiensis Scribbled Damsel Not Evaluated 2 Pomacentrus chrysurus White-tail Damsel Not Evaluated 2 Plectroglyphidodon lacrymatus Jewel Damsel Not Evaluated 4 IUCN Red List Abundance Species Common Name Status T-1 (1.5m) Halichoeres hortulanus Checkerboard Wrasse Least Concern 2 Gomphosus caeruleus Bird Wrasse Least Concern 2 Thalassoma hardwicke Six-bar Wrasse Least Concern 2 Thalassoma lunare Moon Wrasse Least Concern 2 Cheilinus trilobatus Triple-tail Maori Wrasse Least Concern 2 Chlorurus strongylocephalus Sheephead Parrotfish Least Concern 2 Chlorurus sordidus Shabby Parrotfish Least Concern 2 Scarus scaber Five-saddle Parrotfish Least Concern 2 Scarus niger Dusky Parrotfish Least Concern 2 Zanclus cornutus Moorish Idol Least Concern 2 Acanthurus leucosternon Powder-blue Surgeonfish Least Concern 2 Ctenochaetus striatus Fine-lined Bristletooth Least Concern 5 Zebrasoma desjardinii Sailfin Surgeonfish Least Concern 2 Zebrasoma scopas Brown Tang Least Concern 2 Naso lituratus Orange-spine Unicornfish Least Concern 2 Acanthurus nigrofuscus Dusky Surgeonfish Least Concern 2 Balistapus undulatus Striped Triggerfish Not Evaluated 2 Melichthys indicus Indian Triggerfish Not Evaluated 2
Transect 2
Figure 1.3 Top right panel shows Whitetip Reef shark, and the top right panel shows overview of the reef edge, the bottom panel coral types observed along T-2 (2m) in August 2020.
Figure 1.4 Benthic substrate composition along T-2 (2 m) in August 2020.
Table 1.2 List of Fish Census along T-2 (2 m) in August 2020.
IUCN Red List Abundance Species Common Name Status T-2 (2 m) Myripristis murdjan Crimson Soldierfish Least Concern 2 Cephalopholis leopardus Leopard Rock Cod Least Concern 2 Cephalopholis argus Peacock Rock Cod Least Concern 2 Epinephelus merra Honeycomb Grouper Least Concern 2 Nemanthias carberryi Threadfin Basslet Least Concern 2 Plectorhinchus vittatus Oriental Sweetlips Least Concern 2 Scolopsis bilineata Monocle Bream Least Concern 2 Parupeneus cyclostomus Yellow-saddle Goatfish Least Concern 2 Parupeneus macronema Long-barbel Goatfish Least Concern 2 IUCN Red List Abundance Species Common Name Status T-2 (2 m) Chaetodon trifasciatus Pinstriped Butterflyfish Least Concern 2 Chaetodon kleinii Brown Butterflyfish Least Concern 2 Chaetodon guttatissimus Spotted Butterflyfish Least Concern 2 Chaetodon triangulum Triangular Butterflyfish Least Concern 2 Forcipiger flavissimus Long-nose Butterflyfish Least Concern 2 Heniochus pleurotaenia Phantom Bannerfish Least Concern 2 Heniochus singularius Singular Bannerfish Least Concern 1 Centropyge multispinis Many-spined angelfish Least Concern 2 Paracirrhites forsteri Forster's Hawkfish Least Concern 2 Chromis dimidiata Two-tone Puller Least Concern 2 Pomacentrus nagasakiensis Scribbled Damsel Not Evaluated 2 Pomacentrus chrysurus White-tail Damsel Not Evaluated 2 Abudefduf vaigiensis Sergeant Major Least Concern 5 Plectroglyphidodon lacrymatus Jewel Damsel Not Evaluated 2 Halichoeres hortulanus Checkerboard Wrasse Least Concern 2 Labroides dimidiatus Blue-streak Cleaner Wrasse Least Concern 2 Gomphosus caeruleus Bird Wrasse Least Concern 2 Thalassoma amblycephalum Two-tone Wrasse Least Concern 4 Thalassoma hardwicke Six-bar Wrasse Least Concern 2 Thalassoma lunare Moon Wrasse Least Concern 2 Cheilinus trilobatus Triple-tail Maori Wrasse Least Concern 2 Chlorurus strongylocephalus Sheephead Parrotfish Least Concern 2 Chlorurus sordidus Shabby Parrotfish Least Concern 2 Scarus scaber Five-saddle Parrotfish Least Concern 2 Scarus niger Dusky Parrotfish Least Concern 2 Scarus quoyi Green-blotched Parrotfish Least Concern 2 Zanclus cornutus Moorish Idol Least Concern 2 Acanthurus leucosternon Powder-blue Surgeonfish Least Concern 2 Ctenochaetus striatus Fine-lined Bristletooth Least Concern 2 Zebrasoma desjardinii Sailfin Surgeonfish Least Concern 2 Zebrasoma scopas Brown Tang Least Concern 2 Naso lituratus Orange-spine Unicornfish Least Concern 2 Acanthurus nigrofuscus Dusky Surgeonfish Least Concern 2 Balistapus undulatus Striped Triggerfish Not Evaluated 2 Melichthys indicus Indian Triggerfish Not Evaluated 2 Triaenodon obesus Whitetip Reef Shark Near Threatened 1
Transect 3
Figure 1.5 Top panel shows an overview of the reef edge. bottom panel shows a close up of coral types observed, along T- 3 (1.5m) in August 2020.
Figure 1.6 Benthic substrate composition along T-3 (1.5m) in August 2020.
Table 1.3 List of Fish Census along T-3 (1.5m) in August 2020.
IUCN Red List Abundance Species Common Name Status T-3 (1.5m) Myripristis murdjan Crimson Soldierfish Least Concern 2 Cephalopholis leopardus Leopard Rock Cod Least Concern 2 IUCN Red List Abundance Species Common Name Status T-3 (1.5m) Cephalopholis argus Peacock Rock Cod Least Concern 2 Epinephelus merra Honeycomb Grouper Least Concern 2 Nemanthias carberryi Threadfin Basslet Least Concern 2 Plectorhinchus vittatus Oriental Sweetlips Least Concern 2 Scolopsis bilineata Monocle Bream Least Concern 2 Lutjanus bohar Red Bass (Red Snapper) Least Concern 2 Parupeneus cyclostomus Yellow-saddle Goatfish Least Concern 2 Parupeneus macronema Long-barbel Goatfish Least Concern 2 Chaetodon lunula Racoon Butterflyfish Least Concern 2 Chaetodon trifasciatus Pinstriped Butterflyfish Least Concern 2 Chaetodon kleinii Brown Butterflyfish Least Concern 2 Chaetodon guttatissimus Spotted Butterflyfish Least Concern 2 Chaetodon xanthocephalus Yellow-head butterflyfish Least Concern 2 Chaetodon triangulum Triangular Butterflyfish Least Concern 2 Forcipiger flavissimus Long-nose Butterflyfish Least Concern 2 Heniochus pleurotaenia Phantom Bannerfish Least Concern 2 Centropyge multispinis Many-spined angelfish Least Concern 2 Paracirrhites forsteri Forster's Hawkfish Least Concern 2 Amphiprion clarkii Clark's Anemonefish Not Evaluated 2 Chromis dimidiata Two-tone Puller Least Concern 2 Pomacentrus nagasakiensis Scribbled Damsel Not Evaluated 2 Pomacentrus chrysurus White-tail Damsel Not Evaluated 2 Abudefduf vaigiensis Sergeant Major Least Concern 5 Plectroglyphidodon lacrymatus Jewel Damsel Not Evaluated 2 Halichoeres hortulanus Checkerboard Wrasse Least Concern 2 Labroides dimidiatus Blue-streak Cleaner Wrasse Least Concern 2 Gomphosus caeruleus Bird Wrasse Least Concern 2 Thalassoma amblycephalum Two-tone Wrasse Least Concern 4 Thalassoma hardwicke Six-bar Wrasse Least Concern 2 Thalassoma lunare Moon Wrasse Least Concern 2 Epibulus insidiator Sling-jaw Wrasse Least Concern 2 Cheilinus trilobatus Triple-tail Maori Wrasse Least Concern 2 Chlorurus strongylocephalus Sheephead Parrotfish Least Concern 2 Chlorurus sordidus Shabby Parrotfish Least Concern 2 Scarus scaber Five-saddle Parrotfish Least Concern 2 Scarus niger Dusky Parrotfish Least Concern 2 Scarus quoyi Green-blotched Parrotfish Least Concern 2 Zanclus cornutus Moorish Idol Least Concern 2 Acanthurus leucosternon Powder-blue Surgeonfish Least Concern 2 Ctenochaetus striatus Fine-lined Bristletooth Least Concern 2 Zebrasoma desjardinii Sailfin Surgeonfish Least Concern 2 Zebrasoma scopas Brown Tang Least Concern 2 Naso lituratus Orange-spine Unicornfish Least Concern 2 IUCN Red List Abundance Species Common Name Status T-3 (1.5m) Acanthurus nigrofuscus Dusky Surgeonfish Least Concern 2 Balistapus undulatus Striped Triggerfish Not Evaluated 2 Melichthys indicus Indian Triggerfish Not Evaluated 2 Odonus niger Blue Triggerfish Not Evaluated 4 Near Triaenodon obesus Whitetip Reef Shark Threatened 2
Transect 4
Figure 1.7 Top panel shows an overview of the reef while bottom panel shows benthic substrate composition, along T-4 (1.5m) in August 2020.
Figure 1.8 Benthic substrate composition along T-4 (1.5m) in August 2020.
Table 1.4 List of Fish Census along T-4 (1.5m) in August 2020.
IUCN Red List Abundance Species Common Name Status T-4 (1.5 m) Myripristis murdjan Crimson Soldierfish Least Concern 2 Cephalopholis leopardus Leopard Rock Cod Least Concern 2 Cephalopholis argus Peacock Rock Cod Least Concern 2 Epinephelus merra Honeycomb Grouper Least Concern 2 Plectorhinchus vittatus Oriental Sweetlips Least Concern 2 Scolopsis bilineata Monocle Bream Least Concern 2 Parupeneus cyclostomus Yellow-saddle Goatfish Least Concern 2 Parupeneus macronema Long-barbel Goatfish Least Concern 2 Mulloidichthys vanicolensis Yellow-stripe Goatfish Least Concern 2 Chaetodon trifasciatus Pinstriped Butterflyfish Least Concern 2 Chaetodon kleinii Brown Butterflyfish Least Concern 2 Chaetodon guttatissimus Spotted Butterflyfish Least Concern 2 Chaetodon triangulum Triangular Butterflyfish Least Concern 2 Forcipiger flavissimus Long-nose Butterflyfish Least Concern 2 Heniochus pleurotaenia Phantom Bannerfish Least Concern 2 Centropyge multispinis Many-spined angelfish Least Concern 2 Paracirrhites forsteri Forster's Hawkfish Least Concern 2 Amphiprion clarkii Clark's Anemonefish Not Evaluated 2 Dascyllus trimaculatus Three-spot Humbug Not Evaluated 2 Chromis dimidiata Two-tone Puller Least Concern 5 Pomacentrus nagasakiensis Scribbled Damsel Not Evaluated 2 Pomacentrus chrysurus White-tail Damsel Not Evaluated 2 IUCN Red List Abundance Species Common Name Status T-4 (1.5 m) Abudefduf vaigiensis Sergeant Major Least Concern 5 Plectroglyphidodon lacrymatus Jewel Damsel Not Evaluated 2 Halichoeres hortulanus Checkerboard Wrasse Least Concern 2 Labroides dimidiatus Blue-streak Cleaner Wrasse Least Concern 2 Gomphosus caeruleus Bird Wrasse Least Concern 2 Thalassoma amblycephalum Two-tone Wrasse Least Concern 2 Thalassoma hardwicke Six-bar Wrasse Least Concern 2 Thalassoma lunare Moon Wrasse Least Concern 2 Cheilinus trilobatus Triple-tail Maori Wrasse Least Concern 2 Bodianus axillaris Coral Hogfish Least Concern 1 Chlorurus strongylocephalus Sheephead Parrotfish Least Concern 2 Scarus frenatus Bridled Parrotfish Least Concern 2 Chlorurus sordidus Shabby Parrotfish Least Concern 2 Scarus scaber Five-saddle Parrotfish Least Concern 2 Scarus niger Dusky Parrotfish Least Concern 2 Scarus quoyi Green-blotched Parrotfish Least Concern 2 Zanclus cornutus Moorish Idol Least Concern 2 Acanthurus leucosternon Powder-blue Surgeonfish Least Concern 2 Acanthurus nigricauda Eye-line Surgeonfish Least Concern 2 Ctenochaetus striatus Fine-lined Bristletooth Least Concern 2 Zebrasoma desjardinii Sailfin Surgeonfish Least Concern 2 Zebrasoma scopas Brown Tang Least Concern 2 Naso lituratus Orange-spine Unicornfish Least Concern 2 Acanthurus nigrofuscus Dusky Surgeonfish Least Concern 2 Balistapus undulatus Striped Triggerfish Not Evaluated 2 Melichthys indicus Indian Triggerfish Not Evaluated 2
Transect 5
Figure 1.9 Top panel shows an overview of the reef top while bottom panel shows coral composition along T-5 (1.5m) in August 2020.
Figure 1.10 Benthic substrate composition along T- 5 (1.5m) in August 2020
Table 1.5 List of Fish Census along T-5 (1.5m) in August 2020.
Abundance Species Common Name IUCN Red List Status T5 (1.5 m) Myripristis murdjan Crimson Soldierfish Least Concern 2 Cephalopholis leopardus Leopard Rock Cod Least Concern 2 Cephalopholis argus Peacock Rock Cod Least Concern 2 Epinephelus merra Honeycomb Grouper Least Concern 2 Nemanthias carberryi Threadfin Basslet Least Concern 2 Scolopsis bilineata Monocle Bream Least Concern 2 Lutjanus bohar Red Bass (Red Snapper) Least Concern 2 Parupeneus cyclostomus Yellow-saddle Goatfish Least Concern 2 Abundance Species Common Name IUCN Red List Status T5 (1.5 m) Parupeneus macronema Long-barbel Goatfish Least Concern 2 Chaetodon trifasciatus Pinstriped Butterflyfish Least Concern 2 Chaetodon kleinii Brown Butterflyfish Least Concern 2 Chaetodon guttatissimus Spotted Butterflyfish Least Concern 2 Chaetodon triangulum Triangular Butterflyfish Least Concern 2 Forcipiger flavissimus Long-nose Butterflyfish Least Concern 2 Forcipiger longirostris Very-long-nose Butterflyfish Least Concern 2 Heniochus pleurotaenia Phantom Bannerfish Least Concern 2 Pygoplites diacanthus Regal Angelfish Least Concern 2 Centropyge multispinis Many-spined angelfish Least Concern 2 Paracirrhites forsteri Forster's Hawkfish Least Concern 2 Amphiprion clarkii Clark's Anemonefish Not Evaluated 2 Chromis dimidiata Two-tone Puller Least Concern 5 Pomacentrus nagasakiensis Scribbled Damsel Not Evaluated 2 Pomacentrus chrysurus White-tail Damsel Not Evaluated 2 Abudefduf vaigiensis Sergeant Major Least Concern 2 Plectroglyphidodon lacrymatus Jewel Damsel Not Evaluated 2 Halichoeres hortulanus Checkerboard Wrasse Least Concern 2 Labroides dimidiatus Blue-streak Cleaner Wrasse Least Concern 2 Gomphosus caeruleus Bird Wrasse Least Concern 2 Thalassoma hardwicke Six-bar Wrasse Least Concern 2 Thalassoma lunare Moon Wrasse Least Concern 2 Cheilinus trilobatus Triple-tail Maori Wrasse Least Concern 2 Chlorurus strongylocephalus Sheephead Parrotfish Least Concern 2 Scarus frenatus Bridled Parrotfish Least Concern 2 Chlorurus sordidus Shabby Parrotfish Least Concern 2 Scarus scaber Five-saddle Parrotfish Least Concern 2 Scarus niger Dusky Parrotfish Least Concern 2 Zanclus cornutus Moorish Idol Least Concern 2 Acanthurus leucosternon Powder-blue Surgeonfish Least Concern 2 Acanthurus nigricauda Eye-line Surgeonfish Least Concern 2 Ctenochaetus striatus Fine-lined Bristletooth Least Concern 2 Zebrasoma desjardinii Sailfin Surgeonfish Least Concern 2 Zebrasoma scopas Brown Tang Least Concern 2 Naso lituratus Orange-spine Unicornfish Least Concern 2 Acanthurus nigrofuscus Dusky Surgeonfish Least Concern 2 Balistapus undulatus Striped Triggerfish Not Evaluated 2 Melichthys indicus Indian Triggerfish Not Evaluated 2
Site 1- TS1
Figure 1.11 Left panel shows sandy bottom with old dead corals closer to groynes; right panel shows an overiew of the reef flat with Porites rus corals.
Figure 1.12 Left and right panel shows an overview of the flat reef with old dead corals covered in layer of sand.
Site 2- TS2
Figure 1.13 Left panel shows steady slope towards inner lagoon with dead coral rubbles and patches of live coral; right panel shows an overiew of the reef flat with Porites rus corals.
Figure 1.14 Left and right panel shows an overview of the flat reef top closer to the island chanel entrance with old dead corals covered in layer of sand.
Site 3 – TS3
Figure 1.15 Left panel shows reef flat covered in coral rubble and rocky benthic substrate covered with layer of sand; right panel shows sandy bottom with coral rubbles facing the inner lagoon.
Figure 1.16 The left panel shows rocky pavement bottom while right panel shows an overview of the red top with coral cover.
Site 4- TS4
Figure 1.17 Left panel shows reef flat with rocky benthic substrate covered with a thin layer of sand. Right panel shows sandy bottom with gradual slope towards inner lagoon.
Figure 1.18 The leftpabel show srocky pavement bottom while right panel shows an overview of the red top with coral cover.
Site 5- TS5
Figure 1.19 Left panel shows sandy bottom with old dead corals while right panel shows few live Acropora sp. on flat reef top.
Figure 1.20 Left and right panel shows colonies of Acropora sp. corals; right panelhows an overview of reef top with rocky bottom terminating to a steep drop off.
Figure 1.21Left and right panel shows benthic substrate composition (Tow 1)
Figure 1.22 Left panel shows reef edge with sediment cover; right panel shows benthic substrate composition with live coral types observed (Tow 2)
Figure 1.23 Left panel shows an overview of the reef edge; right panel shows Porites (massive) colonies (Tow 3)
Figure 1.24 Left and right panel shows an overview of the reef top with live coral types observed (Tow 4)
Figure 1.25 Left panel shows an overview of the reef; right panel shows closeup of benthic substrate composition (Tow 5)
Figure 1.26: Left panel shows rocky benthic substrate; right panel shows overview of reef edge with few live coral colonies (Tow 6)
Figure 1.27 Left panel shows benthic substrate composition with Pocillopora sp. corals; right panel shows rocky bottom along top reef (Tow 7)
Figure 1.28 Left panel shows overview of reef top with rocky substrate; right panel shows the steep wall with Acropora corals (Tow 8)
Figure 1.29 Left panel shows Acropora sp. corals growing along reef edge; right panel shows good Acropora table form growth along steep slope (Tow 9)
Figure 1.30 Left panel shows an overview of reef top with lie coral cover; right panel shows overview of benthic composition (Tow 10 )
Figure 1.31 Left panel shows slope area covered in sediment; right panel shows rocky benthic substrate with Porites massive and Anemone (Tow 11)
Figure 1.32 Left panel shows Acropora coral growth along the steep slope; right panel shows moderately dead reef top (Tow 12)
Table 1-6, below summarize the results of manta tow surveys; the numerical values in the table of each substrate category refer to percentage estimate cover: 1 =0-10%, 2 = 11-30%, 3 = 31-50%, 4 = 51-75% and 5 = 76-100% Groundwater Quality and Marine Water Quality
Original lab reports attached below.
Table 1-6: Summary of Manta Tow survey at Dh. Meedhoo (August 2020)
Score Fish Remarks Tow Live Rock Rubble Sand DCA Life 1 2 3 2 1 1 6 Main coral types observed: Porites rus and Pocillopora sp. colonies. 2 1 3 1 1 1 5 Main coral type observed Porites (massive). Anemones observed. 3 2 3 1 1 1 6 Main coral type observed Porites (massive), Anemones observed. 4 2 3 1 1 1 6 Main coral type observed: Porites (massive) Porites rus, and Pocillopora sp. 5 2 3 2 1 1 6 Main coral type observed: Porites (massive), Porites rus, and Pocillopora sp. Main coral type observed: Porites (massive), Porites rus, Pocillopora sp., and Porites cylindrica. 6 2 3 2 1 1 7 One Whitetip reef shark observed. Main coral type observed: Porites (massive), Porites rus, Pocillopora sp., and Porites cylindrica. One 7 1 3 2 1 1 8 Whitetip reef shark observed. Main coral type observed: Porites (massive), Pocillopora sp., and Acropora sp. (branching & tables 8 2 3 2 1 1 7 form). Anemones observed. Main coral type observed: Porites (massive), Pocillopora sp., and Acropora (branching & tables form). 9 2 3 2 1 1 7 Anemones observed. Main coral type observed: Porites (massive), Pocillopora sp/, Acropora sp. (branching & tables form), 10 2 3 2 1 1 7 and Porites rus. Anemones observed. One Hawksbill Turtle observed. Main coral type observed: Porites (massive), Pocillopora sp., Acropora (branching). Anemone 11 2 3 2 1 1 7 observed., Main coral type observed: Porites (massive), Pocillopora sp., and Acropora (branching). Anemone 12 2 3 2 1 1 7 observed. Male' Water & Sewerage Company Pvt Ltd Water Quality Assurance Laboratory Quality Assurance Building, 1st Floor, Male' Hingun, Vilimale', Male' City, Maldives Tel: +9603323209, Fax: +9603324306, Email: [email protected]
WATER QUALITY TEST REPORT Report No: 500184955 Customer Information: Report date: 28/08/2020 CDE Pvt Ltd Test Requisition Form No: 900190344 H.Orchidmaage, 4th Floor Sample(s) Recieved Date: 24/08/2020 Ameeru Ahmed Magu Date of Analysis: 24/08/2020 - 24/08/2020 Male K
Sample Description ~ GW 1 - Storage Area GW 2 - Control
Sample Type ~ Ground Water Ground Water
Sample No 83213430 83213431
Sampled Date ~ 20/08/2020 03:30 20/08/2020 03:30 TEST METHOD UNIT
PARAMETER ANALYSIS RESULT
Physical Appearance Clear with particles Clear with particles
Conductivity * 3780 1169 Method 2510 B. (adapted from Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water, 23rd edition) µS/cm
pH * 7.68 7.42 Method 4500-H+ B. (adapted from Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water, 23rd edition) -
Salinity 1.99 0.58 Method 2520 B. (adapted from Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water, 23rd edition) ‰
Temperature 19.4 20.0 Electrometry °C
Turbidity * 0.110 0.128 HACH Nephelometric Method (adapted from HACH 2100N Turbidimeter User Manual) NTU
Keys: µS/cm : Micro Seimen per Centimeter, ‰ : Parts Per Thousand, °C : Degree Celcius, NTU : Nephelometric Turbidity Unit
Checked by Approved by
Aminath Sofa Mohamed Eyman Laboratory Executive Manager, Quality
Notes: Sampling Authority: Sampling was not done by MWSC Laboratory This report shall not be reproduced except in full, without written approval of MWSC This test report is ONLY FOR THE SAMPLES TESTED. ~ Information provided by the customer *Parameters accredited by EIAC under ISO/IEC 17025:2017
************************* END OF REPORT *************************
Page 1 of 1 MWSC-A5-F-92 Rev 00 Male' Water & Sewerage Company Pvt Ltd Water Quality Assurance Laboratory Quality Assurance Building, 1st Floor, Male' Hingun, Vilimale', Male' City, Maldives Tel: +9603323209, Fax: +9603324306, Email: [email protected]
WATER QUALITY TEST REPORT Report No: 500184956 Customer Information: Report date: 28/08/2020 CDE Pvt Ltd Test Requisition Form No: 900190344 H.Orchidmaage, 4th Floor Sample(s) Recieved Date: 24/08/2020 Ameeru Ahmed Magu Date of Analysis: 24/08/2020 - 24/08/2020 Male K
Sample Description ~ SW 1 - Existing Basin SW 2 - New Basin SW 3 - Control
Sample Type ~ Sea Water Sea Water Sea Water
Sample No 83213432 83213433 83213434
Sampled Date ~ 20/08/2020 03:30 20/08/2020 03:30 20/08/2020 03:30 TEST METHOD UNIT
PARAMETER ANALYSIS RESULT
Physical Appearance Clear with particles Clear with particles Clear with particles
Conductivity * 51000 50600 50500 Method 2510 B. (adapted from Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water, 23rd edition) µS/cm
pH * 7.72 7.68 7.69 Method 4500-H+ B. (adapted from Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water, 23rd edition) -
Salinity 33.40 33.07 33.04 Method 2520 B. (adapted from Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water, 23rd edition) ‰
Temperature 20.2 20.1 20.3 Electrometry °C
Total Suspended Solids <5 (LoQ 5 mg/L ) <5 (LoQ 5 mg/L ) <5 (LoQ 5 mg/L ) HACH Method 8006 mg/L
Turbidity * 0.132 0.109 0.122 HACH Nephelometric Method (adapted from HACH 2100N Turbidimeter User Manual) NTU
Keys: µS/cm : Micro Seimen per Centimeter, ‰ : Parts Per Thousand, °C : Degree Celcius, mg/L : Milligram Per Liter, NTU : Nephelometric Turbidity Unit
Checked by Approved by
Aminath Sofa Mohamed Eyman Laboratory Executive Manager, Quality
Notes: Sampling Authority: Sampling was not done by MWSC Laboratory This report shall not be reproduced except in full, without written approval of MWSC This test report is ONLY FOR THE SAMPLES TESTED. ~ Information provided by the customer *Parameters accredited by EIAC under ISO/IEC 17025:2017
************************* END OF REPORT *************************
Page 1 of 1 MWSC-A5-F-92 Rev 00
Land Use Plan of Meedhoo
LUP is attached below.
EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Meedhoo, Dhaalu Atoll
APPENDIX E – EIA Sharing with Atoll Council
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