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Oration “Res Bohemicas” of Enea Silvio Piccolomini (1455, Rome)
Oration “Res Bohemicas” of Enea Silvio Piccolomini (1455, Rome). Edited and translated by Michael von Cotta-Schönberg. 4th version. (Orations of Enea Silvio Piccolomini / Pope Pius II; 28) Michael Cotta-Schønberg To cite this version: Michael Cotta-Schønberg. Oration “Res Bohemicas” of Enea Silvio Piccolomini (1455, Rome). Edited and translated by Michael von Cotta-Schönberg. 4th version. (Orations of Enea Silvio Piccolomini / Pope Pius II; 28). 2019. hal-01180832 HAL Id: hal-01180832 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01180832 Submitted on 26 Oct 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. (Orations of Enea Silvio Piccolomini / Pope Pius II; 28) 0 Oration “Res Bohemicas” of Enea Silvio Piccolomini (1455, Rome). Edited and translated by Michael von Cotta-Schönberg 4th version 2019 1 Abstract Having presented Emperor Friedrich III’s declaration of obedience to the new pope, Calixtus III, in August 1455, the emperor’s top diplomat, Bishop Enea Silvio Piccolomini, at some unspecified time laid before the pope a proposal for settling the Hussite issue which posed a serious and permanent religious as well as political problem. The proposal was based on discussions between Piccolomini and George Podiebrad, the Regent of Bohemia. -
Reformation 2017 Pope Leo X Bulletin Insert
FACES OF THE REFORMATION FACES OF THE REFORMATION The leader of the Roman Catholic The leader of the Roman Catholic Church who saw Luther as just Church who saw Luther as just another heretic to easily dismiss another heretic to easily dismiss Pope Leo X Giovanni de’ Medici was a member Pope Leo X Giovanni de’ Medici was a member (a.k.a. Giovanni de’ of the famous Medici household (a.k.a. Giovanni de’ of the famous Medici household Medici) in Florence, Italy. His father, Lorenzo the Medici) in Florence, Italy. His father, Lorenzo the Magnificent, raised his sons to be patrons of the arts. Magnificent, raised his sons to be patrons of the arts. Born: Dec. 11, 1475 | As the second son, Giovanni was steered to a life Born: Dec. 11, 1475 | As the second son, Giovanni was steered to a life Florence, Italy within the church. Due to his family’s connections, he Florence, Italy within the church. Due to his family’s connections, he was named a cardinal at age 17 and became pope at 37, was named a cardinal at age 17 and became pope at 37, Died: Dec. 1, 1521 | taking the name Leo X. Died: Dec. 1, 1521 | taking the name Leo X. Rome, Italy Leo continued the work of his predecessor in building Rome, Italy Leo continued the work of his predecessor in building St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome and soon found himself in St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome and soon found himself in financial straits due to his extravagant construction financial straits due to his extravagant construction spending and costly wars with France. -
Pope Paul III and the Cultural Politics of Reform Pope Paul III and the Cultural Politics of Reform
6 RENAISSANCE HISTORY, ART AND CULTURE Cussen Pope Paul III and the Cultural Politics of Reform of Politics Cultural the and III Paul Pope Bryan Cussen Pope Paul III and the Cultural Politics of Reform 1534-1549 Pope Paul III and the Cultural Politics of Reform Renaissance History, Art and Culture This series investigates the Renaissance as a complex intersection of political and cultural processes that radiated across Italian territories into wider worlds of influence, not only through Western Europe, but into the Middle East, parts of Asia and the Indian subcontinent. It will be alive to the best writing of a transnational and comparative nature and will cross canonical chronological divides of the Central Middle Ages, the Late Middle Ages and the Early Modern Period. Renaissance History, Art and Culture intends to spark new ideas and encourage debate on the meanings, extent and influence of the Renaissance within the broader European world. It encourages engagement by scholars across disciplines – history, literature, art history, musicology, and possibly the social sciences – and focuses on ideas and collective mentalities as social, political, and cultural movements that shaped a changing world from ca 1250 to 1650. Series editors Christopher Celenza, Georgetown University, USA Samuel Cohn, Jr., University of Glasgow, UK Andrea Gamberini, University of Milan, Italy Geraldine Johnson, Christ Church, Oxford, UK Isabella Lazzarini, University of Molise, Italy Pope Paul III and the Cultural Politics of Reform 1534-1549 Bryan Cussen Amsterdam University Press Cover image: Titian, Pope Paul III. Museo di Capodimonte, Naples, Italy / Bridgeman Images. Cover design: Coördesign, Leiden Lay-out: Crius Group, Hulshout isbn 978 94 6372 252 0 e-isbn 978 90 4855 025 8 doi 10.5117/9789463722520 nur 685 © B. -
Renaissance Popes and What They Did Source: Mcbrien, Richard; Lives of the Popes, Harper Collins, San Francisco, 1997
Renaissance Popes and what they did Source: McBrien, Richard; Lives of the Popes, Harper Collins, San Francisco, 1997. Nicholas V (1447-1455) • The first Renaissance Pope. • His book collection formed the nucleus of the Vatican Library • Was Pope when Constantinople fell • Tried to organize a crusade to retake Constantinople; couldn’t raise the funds Calixtus III (Spanish, 1455-1458) • Tried to finance a fleet to retake Constantinople (Indulgences, taxes, selling Vatican artworks/books) • French and Germans objected to heavy-handed fundraising tactics. • Made two nephews into Cardinals, one of whom became Pope Alexander VI (nepotism) Pius II (1458-1464) • Encouraged arts and literature to thrive • Called for Crusade against the Turks o Met opposition from rulers because of funding concerns o Blamed church councils for his weakness and opposed conciliarism • Went on Crusade anyway and died in transit Paul II (1464-1471) • A true medieval Pope, the only one of this period who was not a humanist • Banned the study of pagan poetry, such as Virgil and Homer • Angered humanists and was one of the least popular Popes in history • Also tried to send a Crusade to Constantinople and also failed Sixtus IV (1471-1484) • Sistine Chapel begun and named after him • Authorized Spanish Inquisition • Made two nephews cardinals, one of whom became Pope Julius II • Wanted a Crusade against Turks but rulers still didn’t really care for it • Drained treasury and approved the sale of indulgences to replenish it • Paid little attention to qualifications when -
Medici, Borgia, Hapsburg, and Plantagenet
ChurchChurch HistoryHistory ChurchChurch HistoryHistory IntroductionIntroduction toto ChurchChurch HistoryHistory st rd TheThe AncientAncient ChurchChurch AD 11st-3-3rd centuriescenturies th th TheThe RiseRise ofof ChristendomChristendom AD 44th-5-5th centuriescenturies th th TheThe EarlyEarly MiddleMiddle AgesAges AD 66th-10-10th centuriescenturies th th TheThe AgeAge ofof CrusadesCrusades AD 1111th-13-13th centuriescenturies th th TheThe RenaissanceRenaissance AD 1414th-15-15th centuriescenturies th ConquestConquest andand ReformationReformation AD 1616th centurycentury th th TheThe AgeAge ofof EnlightenmentEnlightenment AD 1717th-18-18th centuriescenturies th TheThe AgeAge ofof RevolutionRevolution AD 1919th centurycentury th TheThe ModernModern AgeAge AD 2020th centurycentury st TheThe PostmodernPostmodern AgeAge AD 2121st centurycentury ChurchChurch HistoryHistory IntroductionIntroduction toto ChurchChurch HistoryHistory st rd TheThe AncientAncient ChurchChurch AD 11st-3-3rd centuriescenturies th th TheThe RiseRise ofof ChristendomChristendom AD 44th-5-5th centuriescenturies th th TheThe EarlyEarly MiddleMiddle AgesAges AD 66th-10-10th centuriescenturies th th TheThe AgeAge ofof CrusadesCrusades AD 1111th-13-13th centuriescenturies th th TheThe RenaissanceRenaissance AD 1414th-15-15th centuriescenturies Welcome to the Renaissance Turnovers... The Black Death and a Century of War Wobbling Out of Control (part 3) TheThe RenaissanceRenaissance ImportantImportant familiesfamilies changedchanged everythingeverything 14151415 HenryHenry -
Facts for the Times
Valuable Historical Extracts. ,,,,,,, 40,11/1/, FACTS FOR THE TIMES. A COLLECTION —OF — VALUABLE HISTORICAL EXTRACTS ON A GR.E!T VA R TETY OF SUBJECTS, OF SPECIAL INTEREST TO THE BIBLE STUDENT, FROM EMINENT AUTHORS, ANCIENT AND MODERN. REVISED BY G. I. BUTLER. " Admissions in favor of troth, from the ranks of its enemies, constitute the highest kind of evidence."—Puss. Ass Mattatc. Pr This Volume contains about One Thousand Separate Historical Statements. THIRD EDITION, ENLARGED, AND BROUGHT DOWN TO 1885. REVIEW AND HERALD, BATTLE CREEK, MICH. PACIFIC PRESS, OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA. PREFACE. Tax object of this volume, as its name implies, is to furnish to the inquirer a large fund of facts bearing upon important Bible subjects, which are of special interest to the present generation, • While "the Bible and the Bible alone" is the only unerring rule of faith and practice, it is very desirable oftentimes to ascertain what great and good men have believed concerning its teachings. This is especially desirable when religious doctrines are being taught which were considered new and strange by some, but which, in reality, have bad the sanction of many of the most eminent and devoted of God's servants in the past. Within the last fifty years, great changes have occurred among religious teachers and churches. Many things which were once con- sidered important truths are now questioned or openly rejected ; while other doctrines which are thought to be strange and new are found to have the sanction of the wisest and best teachers of the past. The extracts contained in this work cover a wide range of subjects, many of them of deep interest to the general reader. -
Christopher White Table of Contents
Christopher White Table of Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 4 Peter the “rock”? ...................................................................................................................................... 4 Churches change over time ...................................................................................................................... 6 The Church and her earthly pilgrimage .................................................................................................... 7 Chapter 1 The Apostle Peter (d. 64?) : First Bishop and Pope of Rome? .................................................. 11 Peter in Rome ......................................................................................................................................... 12 Yes and No .............................................................................................................................................. 13 The death of Peter .................................................................................................................................. 15 Chapter 2 Pope Sylvester (314-335): Constantine’s Pope ......................................................................... 16 Constantine and his imprint .................................................................................................................... 17 “Remembering” Sylvester ...................................................................................................................... -
Doctrine of Discovery: Questions and Answers
Doctrine of Discovery: Questions and Answers Q. What is the Doctrine of Discovery? The Doctrine of Discovery is a principle of international law dating from the late 15th century. It has its roots in a papal decree issued by Pope Nicholas V in 1452 that specifically sanctioned and promoted the conquest, colonization, and exploitation of non-Christian territories and peoples. Hundreds of years of decisions and laws continuing right up to our own time can ultimately be traced back to the Doctrine of Discovery—laws that invalidate or ignore the rights, sovereignty, and humanity of indigenous peoples in the United States and around the world. Q. Why does the Doctrine of Discovery still matter when it is over 500 years old? It is still in effect and is written into settled US law since 1823 about a land dispute between two individuals (Under Chief Justice John Marshall). It forms the basis for “Manifest Destiny,” the expansion into Indian lands. It is used to justify legal and forcible takeover of indigenous lands, without just compensation. The Discovery Doctrine is a concept of public international law expounded by the United States Supreme Court in a series of decisions, most notably Johnson v. McIntosh in 1823. In this Supreme Court case, Chief Justice John Marshall's opinion in the unanimous decision held "that the principle of discovery gave European nations an absolute right to New World lands." In essence, American Indians had only a right of occupancy, which could be abolished.” (Source: www.redlakenationnews.com/story/2017/06/15/news/doctrine- of-discovery-repudiated/61672.html) It is used to interpret Indian Treaties in a way that has undermined treaty rights. -
The Motivation for the Patronage of Pope Julius Ii
THE MOTIVATION FOR THE PATRONAGE OF POPE JULIUS II Christine Shaw As the head of the Western Church, Giuliano della Rovere, Pope Julius II (1503-13), has had his critics, from his own day to ours, above all for his role as ‘the warrior pope’. The aspect of his rule that has won most general approval has been his patronage of the arts. The complex iconography of some of the works Julius commissioned, particularly Raphael’s frescoes in the Vatican Stanze, and the scale of some of the projects he initiated – the rebuilding of St Peter’s, the development of the via Giulia, the massive and elaborate tomb Michelangelo planned to create for him – have provided fertile soil for interpretation of these works as expressions of Julius’s own ideals, aspirations, motives and self-image. Too fertile, perhaps – some interpretations have arguably become over-elaborate and recherchés. The temptation to link the larger than life character of Julius II with the claims for the transcendent power and majesty of the papacy embodied in the ico- nography and ideology of the works of art and writings produced in Rome during his pontificate, whether or not they were commissioned by the pope, has often proved irresistible to scholars. Some of the works associated with Julius can be read as expressions of certain conceptions of papal authority, and of the Rome of the Renaissance popes as the culmination of classical and Jewish, as well as early Christian history. But should they be read as Julius’s conception of his role as pope, his programme for his own papacy? Just because others identified him with Julius Caesar, or with Moses, does that mean that he saw himself as Moses, as a second Julius Caesar? There were plenty of learned men in Rome, ready to elabore theories of papal power which drew on different traditions and to fit Julius into them, just as they had fitted earlier popes and would fit later popes into them. -
Patronage and Dynasty
PATRONAGE AND DYNASTY Habent sua fata libelli SIXTEENTH CENTURY ESSAYS & STUDIES SERIES General Editor MICHAEL WOLFE Pennsylvania State University–Altoona EDITORIAL BOARD OF SIXTEENTH CENTURY ESSAYS & STUDIES ELAINE BEILIN HELEN NADER Framingham State College University of Arizona MIRIAM U. CHRISMAN CHARLES G. NAUERT University of Massachusetts, Emerita University of Missouri, Emeritus BARBARA B. DIEFENDORF MAX REINHART Boston University University of Georgia PAULA FINDLEN SHERYL E. REISS Stanford University Cornell University SCOTT H. HENDRIX ROBERT V. SCHNUCKER Princeton Theological Seminary Truman State University, Emeritus JANE CAMPBELL HUTCHISON NICHOLAS TERPSTRA University of Wisconsin–Madison University of Toronto ROBERT M. KINGDON MARGO TODD University of Wisconsin, Emeritus University of Pennsylvania MARY B. MCKINLEY MERRY WIESNER-HANKS University of Virginia University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee Copyright 2007 by Truman State University Press, Kirksville, Missouri All rights reserved. Published 2007. Sixteenth Century Essays & Studies Series, volume 77 tsup.truman.edu Cover illustration: Melozzo da Forlì, The Founding of the Vatican Library: Sixtus IV and Members of His Family with Bartolomeo Platina, 1477–78. Formerly in the Vatican Library, now Vatican City, Pinacoteca Vaticana. Photo courtesy of the Pinacoteca Vaticana. Cover and title page design: Shaun Hoffeditz Type: Perpetua, Adobe Systems Inc, The Monotype Corp. Printed by Thomson-Shore, Dexter, Michigan USA Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Patronage and dynasty : the rise of the della Rovere in Renaissance Italy / edited by Ian F. Verstegen. p. cm. — (Sixteenth century essays & studies ; v. 77) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-1-931112-60-4 (alk. paper) ISBN-10: 1-931112-60-6 (alk. paper) 1. -
HISTORY ·Op the POPES
THE HISTORY ·op THE POPES, FROM THE CLOSE OF THE MIDDLE AGES . DRAWN FROM THE SECRET ARCHIVES OF THE VATICAN AND O,THER ORIGINAL SOURCES. FROM TH~ GERMAN OF DR . LUDWIG PASTOR, PROFESSOR OF HISTORY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF lNNSBRUCJt. IDITFI\ BY FREDERICK IGNATIUS ANTROBUS OF THE ORATORY. FIFTH. EDITION. VOLUME iV. LONDON ROUTLEDGE & KEGAN PAUL LTD BROADWAY HO USE: 6&-74 CARTER.LANE, E.C+ ST. LOUIS, MO.: B. HERDER BOOK CO. 15 & 17 SOUTH ' BRO~WA-Y°: : - 1949 ·. "i . .. .. · .. ' .i:.. : :. '. : •.: .. i.,_, ' : '. , . I '. ' (. • JI . :. .. :! '... ·. ;. ~ .: • • ,J J II ...... I I) ••• .! ~· .! ' • . ·:: . : . ' . ·.... : . " :~ . ' - . • •I ... HIS.TORY OF THE· POPES. VOL. IV. CONTENTS OF VOL. IV. PAGE Table of Contents vii-xxii List of Unpublished Docume1ns in Appendix , xxiii-xxv BOOK I. PAUt. II., l464-1471. Election of 'Paul II. .. 3-35 Paul Ii. and the Renaissance 36-78 The War against the Turks . .. '79-91 Europ~n Policy of Paul 11.-Reforms 92-118 The New Cardinals. The Church Questions in Bohemia 119-147 Paul 11.'s·care for the States of the Church 148-173 Death of Paul II. · 174- 194 . BOOK II. S1xros IV., 1471-1484. Election of Sixtus IV. Rise of the Rovere and Riario families . 231-255 The King of Denmark in Rome . 256-272 The Jubilee "X ear 273-287 Beginning of the Rupture with Lorenzo de' Medici 288-299 The Conspiracy of the Pazzi 300-3rz The Tuscan War 313-330 The Turkish War 331-347 A\lia.nce between the Pope and Venice . 348- 371 The Pope's Struggle with Venice. Death of Sixtus IV. -
The Story of the Borgias (1913)
The Story of The Borgias John Fyvie L1BRARV OF UN ,VERSITV CALIFORNIA AN DIEGO THE STORY OF THE BORGIAS <Jt^- i//sn6Ut*4Ccn4<s flom fte&co-^-u, THE STORY OF THE BOEGIAS AUTHOR OF "TRAGEDY QUEENS OF THE GEORGIAN ERA" ETC NEW YORK G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS 1913 PRINTED AT THE BALLANTYNE PRESS TAVI STOCK STREET CoVENT GARDEN LONDON THE story of the Borgia family has always been of interest one strangely fascinating ; but a lurid legend grew up about their lives, which culminated in the creation of the fantastic monstrosities of Victor Hugo's play and Donizetti's opera. For three centuries their name was a byword for the vilest but in our there has been infamy ; own day an extraordinary swing of the pendulum, which is hard to account for. Quite a number of para- doxical writers have proclaimed to an astonished and mystified world that Pope Alexander VI was both a wise prince and a gentle priest whose motives and actions have been maliciously mis- noble- represented ; that Cesare Borgia was a minded and enlightened statesman, who, three centuries in advance of his time, endeavoured to form a united Italy by the only means then in Lucrezia anybody's power ; and that Borgia was a paragon of all the virtues. " " It seems to have been impossible to whitewash the Borgia without a good deal of juggling with the evidence, as well as a determined attack on the veracity and trustworthiness of the contemporary b v PREFACE historians and chroniclers to whom we are indebted for our knowledge of the time.