DOCSLIB.ORG

EVALUACIÓN DEL COMPORTAMIENTO DE Eloria Noyesi EN LOS BORDES DEL CULTIVO DE COCA (Erythroxylum Coca) EN LA COMUNIDAD DE SAN AGUSTIN - NOR YUNGAS DE LA PAZ

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
EVALUACIÓN DEL COMPORTAMIENTO DE Eloria Noyesi EN LOS BORDES DEL CULTIVO DE COCA (Erythroxylum Coca) EN LA COMUNIDAD DE SAN AGUSTIN - NOR YUNGAS DE LA PAZ UNIVERSIDAD MAYOR DE SAN ANDRES FACULTAD DE AGRONOMÍA CARRERA DE INGENIERÍA AGRONÓMICA TESIS DE GRADO EVALUACIÓN DEL COMPORTAMIENTO DE Eloria noyesi EN LOS BORDES DEL CULTIVO DE COCA (Erythroxylum coca) EN LA COMUNIDAD DE SAN AGUSTIN - NOR YUNGAS DE LA PAZ FREDDY AYRTON TIÑINI VALLEJOS LA PAZ – BOLIVIA 2020 UNIVERSIDAD MAYOR DE SAN ANDRES FACULTAD DE AGRONOMÍA CARRERA DE INGENIERÍA AGRONÓMICA EVALUACIÓN DEL COMPORTAMIENTO DE Eloria noyesi EN LOS BORDES DEL CULTIVO DE COCA (Erythroxylum coca) EN LA COMUNIDAD DE SAN AGUSTIN – NOR YUNGAS DE LA PAZ Tesis de grado presentada como requisito parcial para optar al Título de Ingeniero Agrónomo FREDDY AYRTON TIÑINI VALLEJOS Tutores: Ing. M.Sc. Teresa Ruiz Díaz Luna Pizarro ……..………..………………………. Lic. Oswaldo Palabral Velarde ……..………..………………………. Tribunal examinador: Ph. D. Yakov Arteaga Garcia ……………………………………….. Ing. M.Sc. Fernando Mazaneda Delgado ………………………………………….. Ph. D. David Cruz Choque ..…………………………………………. Aprobada: Presidente Tribunal Examinador …………………………………….. CONTENIDO GENERAL Dedicatoria………………………………………………………………………………….I Agradecimientos………..…………………………………………………………………II Índice General..……………………………………………………………………………III Índice de Anexos……………......………………………………………………………...V Índice de Figuras……………………………...………………………………………….VI Índice de Tablas………………………………...……………………………………….VII Resumen………………………………………………………………………………….VII Summary.......……………………………………………………………………………VIII DEDICATORIA Con mucho cariño a mis papás Freddy y Nancy por el apoyo incondicional, la enseñanza, la comprensión y el consejos brindaron en todo momento. A mi hija y pareja que me impulsaron con amor para seguir adelante, y a mis familiares que me dieron su apoyo. I AGRADECIMIENTOS Deseo expresar mis sinceros agradecimientos a: Dios por darme fuerzas en los momentos de flaqueza, brindándome sabiduría, inteligencia para seguir adelante en mi vida, salud y cuidar de mis seres queridos. A la Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, Facultad de Agronomía, Carrera de Ingeniería Agronómica por acogerme como universitario de esta prestigiosa casa superior de estudios. Agradecimiento especial a mis asesores Ing. M.Sc. Teresa Ruiz Díaz Luna Pizarro y Lic. Oswaldo Palabral Velarde quienes mostraron ser grandes amigos al compartir sus valiosos conocimientos, por su orientación, consejo y sugerencias brindadas en el desarrollo de este documento. Agradecimiento a mis revisores Ph. D. Jose Yakov Arteaga Garcia, Ph. D. David Cruz Choque e Ing. M.Sc. Fernando Manzaneda Degado por su asesoramiento, observaciones y consejos durante el transcurso de la elaboración del documento. A mis amig@s, regalo de la vida, por su generosa amistad por el apoyo moral y por los momentos de estudio compartido, gracias. II ÍNDICE GENERAL 1. INTRODUCCIÓN ......................................................................................................... 1 1.1. JUSTIFICACIÓN .................................................................................................... 2 2. OBJETIVOS ................................................................................................................. 3 2.1. OBJETIVO GENERAL ........................................................................................... 3 2.2. OBJETIVOS ESPECIFICOS .................................................................................. 3 3. REVISION BIBLIOGRAFICA ........................................................................................ 3 3.1. LOS HABITATS DE BORDE Y SU EFECTO ......................................................... 3 3.2. LOS BORDES DE CULTIVO Y LAS PLAGAS DE INSECTOS .............................. 4 3.3. LOS LÍMITES DEL CAMPO DE CULTIVO Y LOS ENEMIGOS NATURALES ...... 7 3.4. EL CULTIVO DE COCA EN LOS YUNGAS DE LA PAZ ....................................... 8 3.5. PLAGAS DEL CULTIVO DE COCA ..................................................................... 11 3.6. LA POLILLA DE LA COCA (Eloria noyesi) ........................................................... 11 3.6.1. TAXONOMÍA DEL ULO DE LA COCA .......................................................... 12 3.6.2. MORFOLOGÍA............................................................................................... 12 3.6.3. CICLO VITAL ................................................................................................. 12 3.6.4. COMO ATACA AL CULTIVO DE LA COCA .................................................. 13 3.7. CONTROL DE PLAGAS DE LA COCA ................................................................ 13 3.8. SUPERFICIE DE CULTIVO DE COCA EN LOS YUNGAS DE LA PAZ .............. 14 3.9. EFECTO DE LOS FACTORES CLIMATICOS EN LA POBLACION DE INSECTOS PLAGA ..................................................................................................... 15 4. LOCALIZACION ......................................................................................................... 15 4.1. AREA DE ESTUDIO ............................................................................................ 15 4.2. CARACTERISTICAS DEL LUGAR ...................................................................... 17 5. MATERIALES Y METODOS ...................................................................................... 17 III 5.1. MATERIALES ...................................................................................................... 17 5.1.1. MATERIAL DE CAMPO ................................................................................. 17 5.1.2. MATERIAL DE LABORATORIO .................................................................... 17 5.1.3. MATERIAL DE GABINETE ............................................................................ 17 5.3. CROQUIS EXPERIMENTALES ........................................................................... 18 5.4. TOMA DE DATOS DE LA VEGETACIÓN ............................................................ 19 5.4.1. PRENSADO Y SECADO DE LAS MUESTRAS ............................................. 19 5.4.2. CLASIFICACIÓN DE ESPECIES VEGETALES EN LABORTORIO .............. 19 5.5. TOMA DE DATOS DE E. noyesi .......................................................................... 19 5.5.1. CONSERVACIÓN Y ANALISIS EN LABORATÓRIO DE E. noyesi ............... 20 5.6. ANÁLISIS ESTADISTICO .................................................................................... 20 6. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN ................................................................................... 21 6.1. CARACTERIZACION DE LA VEGETACION ....................................................... 21 6.2. PREFERENCIA DE Eloria noyesi EN LAS PLANTAS UBICADAS AL BORDE LOS CULTIVOS DE COCA ......................................................................................... 24 6.2.1. FASE DE HUEVO .......................................................................................... 25 6.2.2. FASE DE LARVA ........................................................................................... 25 6.2.3. FASE DE PUPA ............................................................................................. 25 6.2.4. FASE ADULTA .............................................................................................. 27 6.3. COMPARACIÓN POBLACIONAL DE Eloria noyesi EN ÉPOCA SECA Y ÉPOCA HUMEDA .................................................................................................................... 28 6.3.1. FASE DE PUPA ............................................................................................. 28 6.3.2. FASE ADULTA .............................................................................................. 29 6.3.3. FLUCTUACION POBLACIONAL ................................................................... 29 7. CONCLUSIONES ....................................................................................................... 33 8. RECOMENDACIONES .............................................................................................. 33 IV 9. BIBLIOGRAFIA .......................................................................................................... 35 V INDICE DE ANEXOS Anexo 1. Registro de Ulos capturados por Transecto en las parcelas de coca en época húmeda. ......................................................................................................................... 40 Anexo 2. Registro de Ulos capturados por Transecto en las parcelas de coca en época seca. ............................................................................................................................... 40 Anexo 3. Registro del formato de transectos empleados para toma de muestras vegetales a los costados de las parcelas de coca. ......................................................... 40 Anexo 4. Diseño de planilla utilizada en la captura (fase adulta) y colecta (fase pupal) de la plaga. 41 Anexo 5. Fotografía de Ulos Adultos capturados y conservados en Laboratorio. ......... 42 Anexo 6. Ulos adultos en hoja de Café (Coffea arabica). .............................................. 43 Anexo 7. Pupas de Ulo encontradas en Banano. .......................................................... 43 Anexo 8. Medicion de transectos, captura y montaje de Ulos encontrados en los bordes de las parcelas. .............................................................................................................. 43 Anexo 9. Fotografía de los transectos por parcela de coca. .......................................... 44 Anexo 10. Especies vegetales de los transectos identificadas a nivel familia en laboratorio.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Insect Relationships As Guides to Medicinally-Active Plants
    TROPICAL HOST PLANT-INSECT RELATIONSHIPS AS GUIDES TO MEDICINALLY-ACTIVE PLANTS Julie Elizabeth Helson Department of Plant Science - NEO option Mc Gill University, Montreal Submitted August, 2005 A thesis submitted to McGill University in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Masters of Science © Julie Elizabeth Helson, 2005 Library and Bibliothèque et 1+1 Archives Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de l'édition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A ON4 Ottawa ON K1A ON4 Canada Canada Your file Votre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-24692-4 Our file Notre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-24692-4 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non­ L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library permettant à la Bibliothèque et Archives and Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par télécommunication ou par l'Internet, prêter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des thèses partout dans loan, distribute and sell th es es le monde, à des fins commerciales ou autres, worldwide, for commercial or non­ sur support microforme, papier, électronique commercial purposes, in microform, et/ou autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriété du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in et des droits moraux qui protège cette thèse. this thesis. Neither the thesis Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels de nor substantial extracts from it celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés ou autrement may be printed or otherwise reproduits sans son autorisation.
    [Show full text]
  • Low Dopamine Receptor Availability May Promote Cocaine Addiction
    NIDA - Publications - NIDA Notes - Vol. 22, No. 3 - Research Findings http://www.drugabuse.gov/NIDA_notes/NNvol22N3/Low.html NIDA NEWS NIDA Home > Publications > NIDA Notes > Vol. 22, No. 3 > Research Findings Research Findings Low Dopamine Receptor Availability May Promote Vol. 22, No. 3 (April 2009) Cocaine Addiction Reduced availability heightens reinforcing effects of cocaine in monkeys, and the drug drives this measure even lower. BY LORI WHITTEN, NIDA Notes Staff In a study with rhesus monkeys, Dr. Michael Nader and colleagues at Wake Forest University recently showed that cocaine lowers availability of the dopamine D receptors in the basal ganglia—the brain region that includes key 2 components of the reward system. The consequences may include addiction- promoting alterations in cognitive functioning and decisionmaking. Dr. Nader's study also confirms previous findings that individual animals with lower D receptor availability are especially responsive to cocaine's reinforcing 2 effects. In a promising finding for people trying to recover from cocaine addiction, receptor availability levels in some of the monkeys recovered after less than a year of abstaining from drug use. RECEPTOR AVAILABILITY AND COCAINE EXPOSURE The D receptor resides in the outer membrane of brain cells that shape 2 motivation and emotion, thought, and movement. The receptor protein enables the neurotransmitter dopamine to attach to these cells and affect their activity. At any given time, dopamine molecules occupy some of the D receptors, while 2 the rest of the receptors remain available until a stimulus—such as drug exposure—increases dopamine levels. One hypothesis holds that the proportion of D receptors a person has free affects how strongly he or she responds to the 2 stimulus.
    [Show full text]
  • Plant-Arthropod Interactions: a Behavioral Approach
    Psyche Plant-Arthropod Interactions: A Behavioral Approach Guest Editors: Kleber Del-Claro, Monique Johnson, and Helena Maura Torezan-Silingardi Plant-Arthropod Interactions: A Behavioral Approach Psyche Plant-Arthropod Interactions: A Behavioral Approach Guest Editors: Kleber Del-Claro, Monique Johnson, and Helena Maura Torezan-Silingardi Copyright © 2012 Hindawi Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved. This is a special issue published in “Psyche.” All articles are open access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Editorial Board Toshiharu Akino, Japan Lawrence G. Harshman, USA Lynn M. Riddiford, USA Sandra Allan, USA Abraham Hefetz, Israel S. K. A. Robson, Australia Arthur G. Appel, USA John Heraty, USA C. Rodriguez-Saona, USA Michel Baguette, France Richard James Hopkins, Sweden Gregg Roman, USA Donald Barnard, USA Fuminori Ito, Japan David Roubik, USA Rosa Barrio, Spain DavidG.James,USA Leopoldo M. Rueda, USA David T. Bilton, UK Bjarte H. Jordal, Norway Bertrand Schatz, France Guy Bloch, Israel Russell Jurenka, USA Sonja J. Scheffer, USA Anna-karin Borg-karlson, Sweden Debapratim Kar Chowdhuri, India Rudolf H. Scheffrahn, USA M. D. Breed, USA Jan Klimaszewski, Canada Nicolas Schtickzelle, Belgium Grzegorz Buczkowski, USA Shigeyuki Koshikawa, USA Kent S. Shelby, USA Rita Cervo, Italy Vladimir Kostal, Czech Republic Toru Shimada, Japan In Sik Chung, Republic of Korea Opender Koul, India Dewayne Shoemaker, USA C. Claudianos, Australia Ai-Ping Liang, China Chelsea T. Smartt, USA David Bruce Conn, USA Paul Linser, USA Pradya Somboon, Thailand J. Corley, Argentina Nathan Lo, Australia George J. Stathas, Greece Leonardo Dapporto, Italy Jean N.
    [Show full text]
  • Brachymeria Koehleri (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae)
    Brachymeria koehleri (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) as a Hyperparasitoid of Lespesia melloi (Diptera: Tachinidae) Pupae in Thagona tibialis (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) Caterpillars in Brazil Author(s): Wagner De Souza Tavares , Jesusa Crisostomo Legaspi , Marcelo Teixeira Tavares , Enio Nunez , Rosenilson Pinto and José Cola Zanuncio Source: Florida Entomologist, 96(4):1635-1638. 2013. Published By: Florida Entomological Society DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1653/024.096.0457 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1653/024.096.0457 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/ terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Scientific Notes 1635 BRACHYMERIA KOEHLERI (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDIDAE) AS A HYPERPARASITOID
    [Show full text]
  • An Annotated List of the Lepidoptera of Honduras
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Insecta Mundi Florida 2-29-2012 An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Honduras Jacqueline Y. Miller University of Florida, [email protected] Deborah L. Matthews University of Florida, [email protected] Andrew D. Warren University of Florida, [email protected] M. Alma Solis Systematic Entomology Laboratory, PSI, Agriculture Research Service, USDA, [email protected] Donald J. Harvey Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., [email protected] See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi Part of the Entomology Commons Miller, Jacqueline Y.; Matthews, Deborah L.; Warren, Andrew D.; Solis, M. Alma; Harvey, Donald J.; Gentili- Poole, Patricia; Lehman, Robert; Emmel, Thomas C.; and Covell, Charles V., "An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Honduras" (2012). Insecta Mundi. 725. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/725 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Florida at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Insecta Mundi by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Authors Jacqueline Y. Miller, Deborah L. Matthews, Andrew D. Warren, M. Alma Solis, Donald J. Harvey, Patricia Gentili-Poole, Robert Lehman, Thomas C. Emmel, and Charles V. Covell This article is available at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/ insectamundi/725 INSECTA A Journal of World Insect Systematics MUNDI 0205 An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Honduras Jacqueline Y. Miller, Deborah L.
    [Show full text]
  • Coca Biological Control Issues 6
    Coca Biological Control Issues 6 Biocontrol is something akin to gambling- it works, sometimes (13). radication l has been a component of U.S. supply reduction efforts for illegal narcotic crops (e.g., opium poppies, marijuana, and coca) for nearly two decades. Some experts believe that eradication must precede Ealternative development in the Andean nations. Others view coca eradication as futile and a threat to the culture and traditions of native Andean populations. Although key requirements, host country consent and cooperation are unlikely to be easily obtained (27,28). INTRODUCTION The level of coca reduction necessary to have a clear and measurable impact on cocaine availability is an unknown. Further, new processing technologies have changed the relation- ship between coca leaf production levels and cocaine availabil- c ity. For example, an intermediate product of cocaine processing, @l “agua rica, ’ appears to have excellent storage properties allowing processors to stockpile supplies. Thus, even with a reduction in cultivated area, a reduction in cocaine availability may not occur for years, if at all. Further, current cocaine (/) extraction techniques are only about 50-percent efficient; im- proved extraction could yield the same amount of cocaine from a much reduced leaf production base (28). 1 For tic ~Wo~e~ of ~js djsc~ssion, e~~icafion wi]l refer tO comp]e[c erasure Of d] traces of coca within a defined area. The area could be defined as small as a single plot or as kuge as a country. 183 331-054 - 93 - 8 184 I Alternative Coca Reduction Strategies in the Andean Region Eradication efforts have included voluntary and involuntary removal of the target crop.
    [Show full text]
  • Pipevine Swallowtail, Blue Swallowtail Battus Philenor (Linnaeus 1771) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Papilionidae: Papilioninae: Troidini)1 Donald W
    EENY-677 Pipevine Swallowtail, Blue Swallowtail Battus philenor (Linnaeus 1771) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Papilionidae: Papilioninae: Troidini)1 Donald W. Hall2 Introduction Nomenclature The pipevine swallowtail, Battus philenor (L.), is one of our The pipevine swallowtail was originally described by Lin- most beautiful swallowtails. It is also known as the blue naeus (1771) and placed in the genus Papilio with the other swallowtail (e.g., Howe 1988, Iftner et al. 1992). Its life cycle swallowtails. It was later moved to the genus Battus (Scopoli was beautifully illustrated during the 18th century by John 1777). The name “Battus” is from Battus I, founder of the Abbot (Smith 1797) (Figure 1). ancient Greek colony Cyrenaica and its capital, Cyrene, in Africa. The specific epithet is from the Greek word “phile- nor,” which means “fond of husband” or “conjugal” (Opler and Krizek 1984). Larvae of the pipevine swallowtail and those of the other swallowtails belonging to the tribe Troidini feed on plants in the genus Aristolochia and are commonly referred to as the Aristolochia swallowtails. For synonymy, see the excerpt from Pelham (2008) at the Butterflies of America web page on Battus philenor (ac- cessed December 23, 2016). Distribution The US distribution of the pipevine swallowtail extends from southern Connecticut south to central Florida and west to Arizona with an isolated population in northern Figure 1. Life cycle of the pipevine swallowtail, Battus philenor (L.). Credits: John Abbot (from Smith 1797). (For aesthetic reasons, the California (Figure 2). The pipevine swallowtail is also found color temperature of the image was adjusted to compensate for northward to southeastern Ontario, Canada, and southward yellowing of the manuscript due to age.) 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Diptera: Tachinidae) and Description of Twenty-Three New Species Reared from Caterpillars in Area De Conservación Guanacaste, Northwestern Costa Rica
    Biodiversity Data Journal 6: e11223 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.6.e11223 Taxonomic Paper Revision of the Mesoamerican species of Calolydella Townsend (Diptera: Tachinidae) and description of twenty-three new species reared from caterpillars in Area de Conservación Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica AJ Fleming‡‡, D. Monty Wood , M. Alex Smith§, Winnie Hallwachs|, Daniel H Janzen| ‡ Agriculture Agri-Food Canada, Rm. 3099I, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada § Department of Integrative Biology, Guelph University, Guelph, Ontario, Canada | Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States of America Corresponding author: Academic editor: Daniel Whitmore Received: 16 Nov 2016 | Accepted: 25 Jan 2018 | Published: 01 Feb 2018 Citation: Fleming A, Wood D, Smith M, Hallwachs W, Janzen D (2018) Revision of the Mesoamerican species of Calolydella Townsend (Diptera: Tachinidae) and description of twenty-three new species reared from caterpillars in Area de Conservación Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica. Biodiversity Data Journal 6: e11223. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.6.e11223 ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:42F17C4E-B48C-4EA8-B1FC-4128BB7BF0B7 Abstract Background Twenty-three new species of the genus Calolydella Townsend, 1927 (Diptera: Tachinidae) are described, all reared from multiple species of wild-caught caterpillars across a wide variety of families (Lepidoptera: Crambidae; Erebidae; Geometridae; Hesperiidae; Lycaenidae; Nymphalidae; Pieridae; Riodinidae; and Sphingidae). All caterpillars were collected within Area de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG), in northwestern Costa Rica. This study provides a concise description of each new species using morphology, life history, molecular data, and photographic documentation. In addition to the new species, © Fleming A et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
    [Show full text]
  • An Annotated List of the Lepidoptera of Honduras
    INSECTA A Journal of World Insect Systematics MUNDI 0205 An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Honduras Jacqueline Y. Miller, Deborah L. Matthews, Andrew D. Warren McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida P. O. Box 112710, Gainesville, Florida 32611-2710, USA [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] M. Alma Solis Systematic Entomology Laboratory, PSI, ARS, USDA c/o National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., 20560-0168, USA [email protected] Donald J. Harvey, Patricia Gentili-Poole Department of Entomology Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., 20560-0127, USA [email protected], [email protected] Robert Lehman Museo de Mariposas y Insectos Box 720, La Ceiba, Honduras [email protected] Thomas C. Emmel and Charles V. Covell, Jr. McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida P. O. Box 112710, Gainesville, Florida 32611-2710, USA [email protected], [email protected] Date of Issue: February 29, 2012 CENTER FOR SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY, INC., Gainesville, FL Jacqueline Y. Miller, Deborah L. Matthews, Andrew D. Warren, M. Alma Solis, Donald J. Harvey, Patricia Gentili-Poole, Robert Lehman, Thomas C. Emmel and Charles V. Covell, Jr. An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Honduras Insecta Mundi 0205: 1-72 Published in 2012 by Center for Systematic Entomology, Inc. P. O. Box 141874 Gainesville, FL 32614-1874 U. S. A. http://www.centerforsystematicentomology.org/ Insecta Mundi is a journal primarily devoted to insect systematics, but articles can be published on any non-marine arthropod.
    [Show full text]
  • Alternative Coca Reduction Strategies in the Andean Region
    Alternative Coca Reduction Strategies in the Andean Region July 1993 OTA-F-556 NTIS order #PB93-218899 GPO stock #052-003-01329-1 Recommended Citation: U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, Alternative Coca Reduction Strategies in the Andean Region, OTA-F-556 (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, July 1993). Foreword ocaine trafficking and abuse are formidable problems that disrupt social, economic, and political systems. Stopping the flow of cocaine through international black markets has proven impossible despite national commitments and international treaties. Strong demand continues to promote cocac production and cocaine processing in supplying nations. This Report identifies opportunities for and constraints to reducing Andean coca production through: 1) improving U.S. alternative development efforts and 2) applying biological control technology (biocontrol) to eradicate illegally produced coca. Coca has been important in South America for nearly 4,000 years and remains a critical element in traditional Andean culture. Today, coca dominates Andean economies, in part due to long-term social inequities and political and economic unrest. The ecological and cultural complexity of the Andean region precludes simple alternative development or coca eradication approaches. In this unsettled milieu, development assistance activities have promoted alternative agricultural systems incorporating high-value or multipurpose crops. Other interests have proposed that coca eradication is a necessary precursor to successful development. Although biocontrol may yield an undefined level of coca reduction, the technology is unlikely to result in coca eradication. Several study conclusions have clear policy implications. First, development- oriented strategies for supply reduction have promise, but are unlikely to solve the cocaine problem without concomitant demand reduction efforts.
    [Show full text]
  • The Roles of Fecal Cases in Neochlamisus Life History
    BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY OF NEOCHLAMISUS LEAF BEETLES: THE ROLE OF FECAL CASES AND ASSOCIATED TRAITS By Christopher G. Brown Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Vanderbilt University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Biological Sciences May, 2009 Nashville, Tennessee Approved: Professor Daniel J. Funk Professor Dave McCauley Professor Patrick Abbot Professor Manuel Leal Professor Jim Fordyce This work is due to my parents, Glen and Sylvia Brown, whose loving care brought me to the top of the hill and to my beloved wife, Jennell Talley, whose patience and (mostly) gentle encouragement pushed me to the other side of it. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS They say it takes a village to raise a child and it probably takes that much or more to instill a doctorate. This work was supported by the financial help of a Student Research Grant from the Animal Behaviour Society, an Exploration Grant from the Explorers Club, and a Dissertation Enhancement Grant from Vanderbilt University, as well as NSF IOB 0616135. I appreciate all the support I received from my major advisor, Daniel J. Funk, who allowed me to work on his beetle babies and yet not on his main passion, their process of speciation. I am also grateful for the other members of my committee, Dave McCauley, Patrick Abbot, Jim Fordyce, and Manuel Leal who not only gave me wings to try new directions, but boundaries that kept me grounded in possibilities. Through them I have learned what it means to be a scientist. Thanks to Roz Johnson, who always had an answer or knew where to find one.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Phylogeny of Lymantriinae (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea, Erebidae) Inferred from Eight Gene Regions
    Cladistics Cladistics (2015) 1–14 10.1111/cla.12108 Molecular phylogeny of Lymantriinae (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea, Erebidae) inferred from eight gene regions Houshuai Wanga,b, Niklas Wahlbergc, Jeremy D. Hollowayd, Johannes Bergstene, Xiaoling Fana, Daniel H. Janzenf, Winnie Hallwachsf, Lijun Wena, Min Wanga,* and Sӧren Nylinb aDepartment of Entomology, College of Natural Resources & Environment, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, China; bDepartment of Zoology, University of Stockholm, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden; cDepartment of Biology, Laboratory of Genetics, University of Turku, 2014 Turku, Finland; dDepartment of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK; eDepartment of Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden; fDepartment of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA Accepted 28 November 2014 Abstract To understand the evolutionary history of Lymantriinae and test the present higher-level classification, we performed the first broad-scale molecular phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily, based on 154 exemplars representing all recognized tribes and drawn from all major biogeographical regions. We used two mitochondrial genes (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and 16S ribo- somal RNA) and six nuclear genes (elongation factor-1a, carbamoylphosphate synthase domain protein, ribosomal protein S5, cyto- solic malate dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and wingless). Data matrices (in total 5424 bp) were analysed by parsimony and model-based evolutionary methods (maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference). Based on the results of the analyses, we present a new phylogenetic classification for Lymantriinae composed of seven well-supported tribes, two of which are proposed here as new: Arctornithini, Leucomini, Lymantriini, Orgyiini, Nygmiini, Daplasini trib. nov. and Locharnini trib.
    [Show full text]