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Integrated Water Resources Management Workshop 1994

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Integrated Water Resources Management Workshop 1994 824 81494 INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT WORKSHOP 1994 PROCEEDINGS 17- 18 March, Kanye - Gaborone Edited by A. Gieske and J. Gould Hosted by the University of Botswana and the Rural Industries Innovation Centre and sponsored by the Swedish International Development Authority (SIDA) 824—BW—12142 INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT WORKSHOP 1994 {NTE~NA~-\~~ RCO~MU~~4 :~ ~PROCEEDINGS 17- 18 March, Kanye - Gaborone Edited by A. Gieske and J. Gould Hosted by the University of Botswana and the Rural Industries Innovation Centre and sponsored by the Swedishinternational Development Authority (SIDA) LE~Rt\RY, N~ERNPTl~~’ALTTERl’~C~E CENT~~ErC;~OO1V~,~UN~T’~~ SUPPLY ,~\‘OSAN~A ON (1kG) -- Tel (0/U) b~4b~~ ext. ~ ~~A/ ip~/4 ~ LO:8~ g~ 4jc~i~ Published by Departments of Environmental Science and Geology University of Botswana Private Bag 0022, Gaborone, Botswana Funded by Swedish International Development Authority (SIDA) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Library of Botswana Cataloguing in Publication Data ISBN 99912-2-063-1 INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PREFACE Water is a crucial resource affecting many aspects of the nation’s development and natural environment. The National Conservation Strategy identifies it as a key resource in any plan for implementing a sustainable approach to development. It therefore seemed timely in the light of the recently completed National Water Master Plan to examine some of the issues involved and potential strategies available for bringing about a more integrated and sustainable approach to water resource management in Botswana. The purpose of this workshop was therefore to provide a forum to discuss broad aspects of water resource management which relate to general long-term resource and environmental planning issues, such as for example soil and water conservation, environmental economics and water resources, conjunctive use of surface and ground water, and the problem of securing sustainability of water supplies in the future. It was hoped that discussions would also focus on issues relating to lands area water supplies and social aspects of water supply provision and how to best meet the needs of all Batswana including those living in remote locations. The Workshop covered these aspects under three main themes 1. Sustainable Water Resource Management 2. Water Resource Development and the Environment 3. Appropriate Water Technologies After the opening by Prof. J.S. Nkoma, Dean of the Faculty of Science at the University of Botswana, Mr Khupe, Director of the Department of Water Affairs provided the opening paper on Integrated Water Resource Management in Botswana. Our first keynote speaker from Sweden : Prof Maim Falkenmark from the University of LindkOping, a well respected international authority on Water Resources and the Environment put the issue in a broader context with her paper on Successfully Coping With Complex Water Scarcity. Our second keynote speaker Mr Jan Krook now working as a consultant and formerly attached to the Department of Water Affairs in Gaborone, completed the opening session with his paper entitled An Overview ofWater Resources Development in Botswana. The afternoon of the first day of the workshop involved a field excursion to Otse and Kanye during which a variety of water schemes were visited. The second day’s proceedings were held at the Rural Industries Innovation Centre (RIIC) in Kanye and 17 short papers under the three main workshop themes were presented in the morning session. In the afternoon three group discussions took place, the output of which is included in these Workshop Proceedings. ACKNOWLED GMENTS This workshop was organized jointly by the De~artmentsof Geology and Environmental Science at the University of Botswana ir, co~operationwith the Ministry of Mineral Resources and Water Affairs (MMRWA), the Ministry of Local Government, Lands and Housing, the Ministry of Agriculture and the Rural Industries Innovation Centre (RIIC) in Kanye. The assistance of these institutions and numerous individuals working in the water sector in Botswana who made this works~ioppossible are gratefully acknowledged. Special thanks should also go to colleagues and to the Public Relations Office at the University of Botswana for assisting with practcaE arrangements for the opening session. Appreciation is also due to Ms N. Ncgongco and Ms G. Lesetedi for assisting with registration and acting as rapporteurs. The workshop has been sponsored by the Swedish International Development Authority (SIDA) and their support is much appreciated. 11 WORKSHOP ON INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface i Acknowledgments ii Contents iii Organizing Committee vi List of Participants vii Opening speech by Prof. J.S. Nkoma, Dean of the Faculty of ix Science, University of Botswana KEYNOTE PAPERS Integrated Water Resource Management in Botswana 1 B. B. Khupe, Director Department of Water Affairs Successfully Coping with Complex Water Scarcity 11 - An Issue of Land/Water Integration Prof M. Fallceninwk, Stockholm University, Sweden An Overview of Water Resources Development in Botswana 27 J. Krook, Consultant, Department of Water Affairs THEME 1 SUSTAINABLE WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Management of Water Supplies (Urban and Rural Aspects) 39 Taleyana, N. and Maunge, FM. Water Demand Projections 45 Makosha, Z. Sustainability and Cost-efficiency of District Councils Water 55 Supply Services Hagos, MA Long-term Water Resources Management in Botswana: 61 The Case for Controlling Demand Gould, J.E. • Drought Management in Namibia 1992/93, with Special Reference 73 to Water Supply and the Use of Public Awareness Campaigns Cashman, AC. 111 ThEME 2 WATER RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT AND THE ENVIRONMENT Changing Settlement Patterns and their Impact on Water Supply Provision 81 Bhebhe, B.U. Protection of Water Resources against Po’lution by Vulnerability 93 Mapping in Botswana Mabua, I. and Mokokwe, K. and Busch, K. Environmental Economics Aspects of Sustainable Water 101 Management in Botswana A,ntzen, J. The Role of Environmental Impact Assessment in Water Resources 117 Projects as a Tool for Joint Management of both the Environment and Water in Botswana Sefe, F.T.K. Conjunctive Use of Surface and Groundwater in Botswana: 125 Urban and Rural Aspects. Gieske, A. THEME 3 APPROPRIATE WATER TECHNOLOGIES Effluent Re-use, a Potential Water Resource for Multi-Purpose 137 Utilisation - Gaborone Case Study. Selotlegeng, K. Waste water re-use and cultural eutrophication : a case study. 147 Masundire, H.M. The role of the Ministry of Agriculture water development sector in 155 water resources development. Mpathi, M. Some Hydrological Characteristics and Design Criteria for 159 Construction of Small Dams in Botswana. Mpathi, M. and Wah, K. Community Participation in Rural Village Water Supply in Botswana 169 Andrews, J.D. iv Solar desalination of water for remote, rural communities in Botswana: 181 a new approach Jam, P.K. and Nijegorodov, N. Appropriate Water Supply Technologies - Level of Success and Potential 185 in Botswana R~itun,B. QUESTIONS, COMMENTS AND DISCUSSION Opening Session 195 Second Day Papers 197 Group Discussion Summaries 206 Summary of Group Suggestions 210 Summary and Conclusion by Prof. M. Falkenmark 211 Closing statement by Ms A. EdstrOm (SIDA) 212 AUTHOR INDEX 213 v ORGANIZING COMMI~~EE Dr A. Gieske - University of Bot;wana Mr J. Gould - University of Bot~wana Dr M. Hagos - Ministry of Local Government, Lands and Housing Mr Z. Makosha - Department of Water Affairs Mr 0. Masedi - Department of Water Affairs Mr B. Rydtun - Rural Industries linnovation Centre Dr F. Sefe - University of Botswana LIST OF PARTICIPANTS Keynote speakers Mpathi, M. Semetsa, S. Khupe, B.B. Department of Water Affairs, Tsheko, R. Gaborone Wah,K. Fallceninark,M. University of Lindkoping, Sweden Ministry of Local Government. Lands and Krook, J. Consultant, Department of Housing Water Affairs, Gaborone Andrews, J. Resource Persons Bhebhe, B.U. Hagos, MA. Morgan, P. Mvuramzani Trust, Zimbabwe Hetolang, G.M. Kasaba, S. Skoglund, E. Royal Institute of Technology, Ramontshonya, C. Sweden Selotlegeng, K. Tumedi, B. Department of Water Affairs. Gaborone Rural Industries Innovation Centre Carisson, L. Gabaake, G. Disele, D. Itshekeng, P. Grant, C. Jones, S. Inger, D. Kalaote, K. Rydtun, B. Katai, 0. Linde, L. Botswana Technology Centre Makosha, Z. Mphake, J. Chishimba, S. Taleyana, N. Enyatseng, R. Hurst, M. Water Utilities Corporation Consultants Maunge, F.M. Moyo, J. Cashman, A.C. Parkman Mpho, B. Thavarajah, V. Arup Mudanga, G. Bakaya, T. Water Resource Consultants Fan, J. Weilfield Consulting Department of Geological Survey. Lobatse Puyoo, S. BRGM Larkin, P. Aquatech Anscombe, JR. Bird, A. Aquatech Busch, K. Golding~A. Geologicaland Geodetic Surveys Mabua, I. Phutego, A. Geologicaland Geodetic Surveys Mokokwe, K. Nilsson, G. Sanitas Phofuetsile, P. Donor Agencies Ministry of Agriculture Belbase, K. UNICEF Baoliki, 0. Edström, A. SIDA (Sweden) Chilume, G.P.N. Mayer, H. GTZ (Germany) John, K. Kgwarape, SO. Lwm, N. Mmofswa,, D. vii University of Botswana Staff Members Arntzen, J. Downey, W. Gieske, A. Gould, J. Jam, P.K. Kufa, J. Lado, C. Lesetedi, G. Masundire, H. Musyoki, A. Ncgoncgo, N. Nijegorodov, N, Nkambwe, M. Nkoma, J.S. Sawula, G. Sefe, F.T.K. Silitshena, R.
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