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Amphibian & Reptile Conservation Published in the United States of America 2014 • VOLUME 8 • NUMBER 2 AMPHIBIAN & REPTILE CONSERVATION COLOMBIA amphibian-reptile-conservation.org ISSN: 1083-446X eISSN: 1525-9153 Board of Directors Craig Hassapakis Howard Clark, Jr. Adel Ibrahim ARC: Editor, Publisher, and Chairman of the Board ARC: Treasurer & Associate Editor; Suez University, EGYPT of Directors, USA Garcia and Associates, USA Franco Andreone Bruce Waldman Ted R. Kahn Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, ITALY Seoul National University, KOREA Neotropical Conservation Foundation, USA Madhava Meegaskumbura Peter Uetz Indraneil Das University of Peradeniya, SRI LANKA Virginia Commonwealth University, USA Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, MALAYSIA Michael Hutchins Walter R. Erdelen former Director/William Conway Chair, Department of Conservation and former Assistant Director-General for Natural Sciences of the United Nations Science, American Zoo and Aquarium Association [1990–2005] and former Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); FRANCE Executive Director/CEO, The Wildlife Society [2005–2012], USA Editor Craig Hassapakis Utah Valley University, USA Africa Issue Bill Branch Port Elizabeth Museum, SOUTH AFRICA Associate Editors Erik Wild Howard Clark, Jr. Raul Diaz Belo Horizonte, BRAZIL Garcia and Associates, USA La Sierra University, USA Mayra Oyervides Bill Branch The University of Texas-Pan American, USA Port Elizabeth Museum, SOUTH AFRICA Copy Editor Ruthe Smith California, USA Editorial Board C. Kenneth Dodd, Jr. Franco Andreone Bruce Waldman University of Florida, USA Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, ITALY Seoul National University, SOUTH KOREA Peter Uetz Indraneil Das Daesik Park Virginia Commonwealth University, USA Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, MALAYSIA Kangwon National University, SOUTH KOREA Gunther Köhler Javier Alvarado-Díaz Madhava Meegaskumbura Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, University of Peradeniya, SRI LANKA GERMANY MÉXICO Aurelio Ramírez-Bautista Javier Sunyer Rômulo Romeu da Nóbrega Alves Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua-León, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, BRAZIL MÉXICO NICARAGUA Larry David Wilson Manuel Acevedo Antonio Salas Centro Zamorano de Biodiversidad, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Environment and Sustainable Development, PERU HONDURAS GUATEMALA Melissa Medina-Flores Ulisses Caramaschi César Aguilar Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Universidad de San Marcos, PERU HONDURAS Janeiro, BRAZIL Rafaqat Masroor Roman Nazarov Bill Branch Pakistan Museum of Natural History, Zoological Museum, Moscow State University, Port Elizabeth Museum, SOUTH AFRICA PAKISTAN RUSSIA Adel Ibrahim Jelka Crnobrnja Isailović Santiago J. Sánchez-Pacheco Suez University, EGYPT University of Niš, SERBIA University of Toronto, CANADA Jianping Jiang Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CHINA Oxyrhopus petolarius, Yotoco, Reserva forestal, 2012, Fdo Castro. Amphib. Reptile Conserv. 1 December 2014 | Volume 8 | Number 2 | e87 Official journal website: Amphibian & Reptile Conservation amphibian-reptile-conservation.org 8(2) [Special Section]: 1–18; S1–S24 (e87). Conservation status of the herpetofauna, protected areas, and current problems in Valle del Cauca, Colombia 1Alejandro Valencia-Zuleta, Andrés Felipe Jaramillo-Martínez, Andrea Echeverry-Bocanegra, Ron- ald Viáfara-Vega, Oscar Hernández-Córdoba, Victoria E. Cardona-Botero, Jaime Gutiérrez-Zúñiga, and Fernando Castro-Herrera Universidad del Valle, Grupo Laboratorio de Herpetología, Departamento de Biología, Cali, COLOMBIA Abstract.—In this study, we present an analysis of the conservation status of amphibian and reptile species by associating the natural protected areas and municipalities with the distribution of richness in Valle del Cauca. We establish the percentage of species of amphibians and reptiles in each of the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) threat categories and assign local conservation categories to all species, construct distribution maps for the records of species in relation to their threat status, and analyze the endemic and total number of species in each of the protected areas. We found that nearly 50% of the species in the Valle del Cauca are under some degree of risk or threat, that the largest percentage are in the Vulnerable (VU) category, whereas 37% of the fauna is not threatened (Least Concern [LC] and Near Threatened [NT]), and 13% is categorized as Data Deficient (DD). Although the distribution of species is scattered throughout the territory, patterns are maintained within the various regions, with areas of greater richness found in the Pacific region and the cordilleras; the municipalities with the largest number of species under some level of threat are Buenaventura, Darién, El Cairo, Dagua, Cali, La Cumbre, and Yotoco. The types of protected areas with the largest number of species are the Reservas Forestales Protectoras Nacionales (RFPN) 37%, followed by the Parques Nacionales Naturales (PNN) 18%, the Reservas Forestales Protectoras Regionales (RFPR) 10%, and the Parques Naturales Regionales (PNR) 7.5%; 17% (~ 57 spp.) of the species in the Valle del Cauca have not been recorded in any of the protected areas, and more than 65% of these are under some type of threat. We consider this study a starting point for evaluating conservation priorities for the herpetofauna of Valle del Cauca. Key words. Amphibians, reptiles, distribution, IUCN, population declines, threats Resumen.—En este trabajo presentamos un análisis del estado de conservación de las especies de anfibios y reptiles relacionando las áreas naturales protegidas y los municipios con la distribución de riqueza en Valle del Cauca. Establecemos los porcentajes de especies de anfibios y reptiles en cada categoría de amenaza establecida por UICN (Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza) y asignamos categorías de conservación local a todas las especies, se realizó mapas de distribución de los registros de las especies en relación a los estados de amenaza, y analizamos el número de especies totales y endémicas en cada área protegida. Encontramos que cerca del 50% de las especies en el Valle del Cauca presentan algún grado de riesgo o amenaza, que la mayor proporción se encuentra en la categoría vulnerable (VU), mientras que el 37% de la herpetofauna no se encuentra en riesgo (preocupación menor [LC] y casi amenazado [NT]) y el 13% está categorizada en datos deficientes (DD). Aunque la distribución es diferencial a lo largo del territorio, se conservan patrones a lo largo de las regiones, con sitios de mayor riqueza en la región pacífica y las cordilleras; y los municipios con mayor número de especies con algún grado de amenaza son Buenaventura, Darién, El Cairo, Dagua, Cali, La Cumbre y Yotoco. Los tipos de áreas protegidas con mayor número de especies son las Reservas Forestales Protectoras Nacionales (RFPN) 37%, seguidas por los Parques Nacionales Naturales (PNN) 18%, Reservas Forestales Protectoras Regionales (RFPR) 10%, y los Parques Naturales Regionales (PNR) 7.5%; el 17% (~ Correspondence. Email: [email protected] (Corresponding author, Alejandro Valencia-Zuleta). Amphib. Reptile Conserv. 2 December 2014 | Volume 8 | Number 2 | e87 Valencia-Zuleta et al. 57 spp.) de las especies del Valle del Cauca no se han registrado en ningún tipo de área protegida y más del 65% de ellas presenta algún tipo de amenaza. Consideramos este trabajo un punto de partida para evaluar prioridades en la conservación de la herpetofauna vallecaucana. Palabras claves. Anfibios, reptiles, distribución, UICN, declive poblacional, amenazas Citation: Valencia-Zuleta A, Jaramillo-Martínez AF, Echeverry-Bocanegra A, Viáfara-Vega R, Hernández-Córdoba O, Cardona-Botero VE, Gutiérrez- Zúñiga J, Castro-Herrera F. 2014. Conservation status of the herpetofauna, protected areas, and current problems in Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 8(2) [Special Section]: 1–18; S1–S24 (e87). Copyright: © 2014 Valencia-Zuleta et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCom- mercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use for non-commercial and education purposes only, in any medium, provided the original author and the official and authorized publication sources are recognized and properly credited. The official and authorized publication credit sources, which will be duly enforced, are as follows: official journal title Amphibian & Reptile Conservation; official journal website <amphibian-reptile-conservation.org>. Received: 12 March 2014; Accepted: 24 November 2014; Published: 09 December 2014 Introduction ferent levels can assign to protected areas, however, still have not been implemented in the country (Vásquez and Many populations of amphibians and reptiles are in de- Serrano 2009). Currently, 197 reserves of all types exist cline (Mendelson et al. 2006; Böhm et al. 2013), primar- in the Valle del Cauca; three natural national parks are the ily as a result of habitat loss, climate change, introduced most important because of their large size and location in species, diseases, and illegal trafficking (Young et al. areas of high herpetofaunal diversity, in the dpto and in 2001; Stuart et al. 2004; Mendelson et al. 2006; Wake the country––the “Cordillera Occidental”
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