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Phylogenetic Diversity, Habitat Loss and Conservation in South
Diversity and Distributions, (Diversity Distrib.) (2014) 20, 1108–1119 BIODIVERSITY Phylogenetic diversity, habitat loss and RESEARCH conservation in South American pitvipers (Crotalinae: Bothrops and Bothrocophias) Jessica Fenker1, Leonardo G. Tedeschi1, Robert Alexander Pyron2 and Cristiano de C. Nogueira1*,† 1Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de ABSTRACT Brasılia, 70910-9004 Brasılia, Distrito Aim To analyze impacts of habitat loss on evolutionary diversity and to test Federal, Brazil, 2Department of Biological widely used biodiversity metrics as surrogates for phylogenetic diversity, we Sciences, The George Washington University, 2023 G. St. NW, Washington, DC 20052, study spatial and taxonomic patterns of phylogenetic diversity in a wide-rang- USA ing endemic Neotropical snake lineage. Location South America and the Antilles. Methods We updated distribution maps for 41 taxa, using species distribution A Journal of Conservation Biogeography models and a revised presence-records database. We estimated evolutionary dis- tinctiveness (ED) for each taxon using recent molecular and morphological phylogenies and weighted these values with two measures of extinction risk: percentages of habitat loss and IUCN threat status. We mapped phylogenetic diversity and richness levels and compared phylogenetic distances in pitviper subsets selected via endemism, richness, threat, habitat loss, biome type and the presence in biodiversity hotspots to values obtained in randomized assemblages. Results Evolutionary distinctiveness differed according to the phylogeny used, and conservation assessment ranks varied according to the chosen proxy of extinction risk. Two of the three main areas of high phylogenetic diversity were coincident with areas of high species richness. A third area was identified only by one phylogeny and was not a richness hotspot. Faunal assemblages identified by level of endemism, habitat loss, biome type or the presence in biodiversity hotspots captured phylogenetic diversity levels no better than random assem- blages. -
Víbora De Campbell
Víbora de Campbell Bothrocophias campbelli (Freire-Lascano, 1991) P. D. Gutiérrez-Cárdenas Taxonomía Orden Squamata VU Familia Viperidae Categoría de amenaza ventrales (vs. 124-141 en B. colombianus y 143-153 en B. myersi) y 23 hileras de es- Nacional: Vulnerable VU B1ab(iii). camas dorsales (vs. 25 en B. colombianus) Global: no evaluada. (Campbell y Lamar 2004). Otro nombre común Distribución geográfica Serpiente boca de sapo. Países: Ecuador y Colombia. Descripción Departamentos: Nariño. Serpiente de tamaño mediano, hasta 123 Subregión biogeográfica: Cordillera cm de longitud total. La coloración varía Central. de café oscuro a gris oscuro con patrones Distribución altitudinal: 1.000 - 1.500 de “V” en el dorso, demarcadas por ban- m s.n.m. (Castro et al. 2005). das más claras. Presenta una franja oscura detrás del ojo. Un especimen presentó en Aspectos bioecológicos cada lado una mancha oscura entre las in- Hábitos terrestres, se encuentra sobre fralabiales 6-8. Se diferencia de Bothroco- la hojarasca en los bordes o el interior de phias colombianus por que presenta una es- bosques maduros (Cisneros-Heredia et cama lacunolabial, tiene 152-177 escamas al. 2006, Arteaga 2013). Se ha observado 113 ilícitos y minería ilegal. Adicional a esto, todas las especies de serpientes y en par- Vulnerables ticular los vipéridos son perseguidos por su peligrosidad potencial, aunque hasta el momento no se han reportado accidentes ofidicos con B. campbelli. Medidas de conservación existentes Ninguna. Oportunidades de conservación En la actualidad se está elaborando el Programa nacional para la conservación de serpientes en Colombia (Lynch, com. pers.). Aunque en este documento no se menciona explícitamente la especie B. -
Proteomic and Toxicological Profiling of the Venom of Bothrocophias
Toxicon 90 (2014) 15e25 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Toxicon journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/toxicon Proteomic and toxicological profiling of the venom of Bothrocophias campbelli, a pitviper species from Ecuador and Colombia David Salazar-Valenzuela a, b, Diana Mora-Obando c, María Laura Fernandez c, * Amaru Loaiza-Lange b, H. Lisle Gibbs a, Bruno Lomonte c, a Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, 300 Aronoff Laboratory, 318 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210-1293, USA b Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre y Roca, Apartado 17-01-2184, Quito, Ecuador c Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose 11501, Costa Rica article info abstract Article history: Detailed snake venom proteomes for nearly a hundred species in different pitviper genera Received 16 June 2014 have accumulated using ‘venomics’ methodologies. However, venom composition for Accepted 24 July 2014 some lineages remains poorly known. Bothrocophias (toad-headed pitvipers) is a genus Available online 1 August 2014 restricted to the northwestern portion of South America for which information on venom composition is lacking. Here, we describe the protein composition, toxicological profiling, Keywords: and antivenom neutralization of the venom of Bothrocophias campbelli, a species distrib- Snake venom uted in Colombia and Ecuador. Our analyses show that its venom mainly consists of Venomics Proteomic phospholipases A2 (43.1%), serine proteinases (21.3%), and metalloproteinases (15.8%). The Toxicity low proportion of metalloproteinases and high amount of a Lys49 phospholipase A2 ho- Viperidae mologue correlate well with the low hemorrhagic and high myotoxic effects found. -
Distribution and Natural History of the Ecuadorian Toad-Headed Pitvipers of the Genus Bothrocophias (Squamata: Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae)
©Österreichische Gesellschaft für Herpetologie e.V., Wien, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at HERPETOZOA 19 (1/2): 17-26 17 Wien, 30. Juli 2006 Distribution and natural history of the Ecuadorian Toad-headed Pitvipers of the genus Bothrocophias (Squamata: Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae) Verbreitung und Naturgeschichte der ecuadorianischen Krötenkopf-Grubenottern der Gattung Bothrocophias (Squamata: Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae) DIEGO F. CISNEROS-HEREDIA & MARIA OLGA BORJA & DANIEL PROANO & JEAN-MARC TOUZET KURZFASSUNG Spärlich sind die Kenntnisse über Grubenottern der Gattung Bothrocophias. Die vorliegende Arbeit enthält Informationen zu drei Bothrocophias Arten aus Ecuador: Bothrocophias campbelli (FREIRE LASCANO, 1991), B. hyoprora (AMARAL, 1935) und B. microphthalmus (COPE, 1875), einschließlich Angaben zur geographischen und vertikalen Verbreitung, zu Nachweisen in den Provinzen, sympatrischen Grubenotternarten, Aktivitätsmustern, Verhalten, Körpergröße, Fortpflanzungsbiologie, Nahrung und Lebensalter. Bothrocophias campbelli bewohnt die nördlichen, zentralen und südlichen Gebiete der pazifischen Andenabhänge Ecuadors zwischen 800 und 2000 m; Bothrocophias hyoprora kommt im nördlichen und südlichen Amazonastiefland und an den unteren östlichen Hän- gen der Anden Ecuadors zwischen 210 und 1500 m vor, Bothrocophias microphthalmus an deren Südosthängen zwischen 600 und 2350 m. Die Arbeit berichtet über den zweiten Fundortnachweis von B. campbelli in der Provinz Imbabura und den westlichsten Fundort von B. hyoprora im Tal des Nangaritza Flusses. Das ympatrische Vorkom- men von B. hyoprora und B. microphthalmus im Makuma-Gebiet, Provinz Morona-Santiago, wird bestätigt, was die bisher bekannte obere Verbreitungsgrenze von B. microphthalmus auf zumindest 600 m anhebt. Das Weiß- bauch-Mausopossum Marmosops noctivagus wird erstmals als Beutetier von B. microphthalmus beschrieben. Die neuen Daten über die Fortpflanzungsbiologie von Grubenottern der Gattung Bothrocophias umfassen Wurfgröße und Körperlänge Neugeborener bei B. -
Drivers of Change in Ecosystem Condition and Services
Chapter 7 Drivers of Change in Ecosystem Condition and Services Coordinating Lead Author: Gerald C. Nelson Lead Authors: Elena Bennett, Asmeret Asefaw Berhe, Kenneth G. Cassman, Ruth DeFries, Thomas Dietz, Andrew Dobson, Achim Dobermann, Anthony Janetos, Marc Levy, Diana Marco, Nebojsa Nakic´enovic´, Brian O’Neill, Richard Norgaard, Gerhard Petschel-Held, Dennis Ojima, Prabhu Pingali, Robert Watson, Monika Zurek Review Editors: Agnes Rola, Ortwin Renn, Wolfgang Weimer-Jehle Main Messages . ............................................ 175 7.1 Introduction ........................................... 175 7.2 Indirect Drivers ........................................ 176 7.2.1 Demographic Drivers 7.2.2 Economic Drivers: Consumption, Production, and Globalization 7.2.3 Sociopolitical Drivers 7.2.4 Cultural and Religious Drivers 7.2.5 Science and Technology Drivers 7.3 Direct Drivers . ........................................ 199 7.3.1 Climate Variability and Change 7.3.2 Plant Nutrient Use 7.3.3 Land Conversion 7.3.4 Biological Invasions and Diseases 7.4 Examples of Interactions among Drivers and Ecosystems ......... 212 7.4.1 Land Use Change 7.4.2 Tourism 7.5 Concluding Remarks .................................... 214 NOTES ................................................... 214 REFERENCES .............................................. 214 173 ................. 11411$ $CH7 10-27-05 08:42:07 PS PAGE 173 174 Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Scenarios BOXES 7.16 Trends in Global Consumption of Nitrogen Fertilizers, 7.1 War as a Driver of Change -
Imagining Better Futures Using the Seeds Approach
Volume 5: 04 March 2021 https://socialinnovationsjournal.com/index.php/sij/article/view/694 Imagining better futures using the Seeds approach Laura M. Pereira1 1Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University; and Centre for Complex Systems in Transition, Stellenbosch University Corresponding author: Laura M. Pereira, [email protected] Abstract Building capacities to anticipate potential futures that could unfold can help us to make better decisions in the present. However, imagining the future is not easy. To address this gap, the Seeds of Good Anthropocenes (Seeds) project has been designed to use innovative methods to undertake novel participatory processes to co-design desirable visions of the future and identify pathways of what needs to be done to get there. A core innovation of the Seeds project has been the development of an adapted Mānoa method scenarios process for envisioning more desirable futures. It has been used in a workshop with diverse people to envisions more desirable futures for specific places such as southern Africa, and northern Europe and the Canadian Arctic as well as for specific thematic areas like biodiversity and geo-engineering. The approach has been used in a variety of intergovernmental processes and has recently been adapted to take place online. Keywords: Manoa method, potential futures, Seeds approach, sustainability, social innovation Introduction Times of rapid disruption create novel opportunities for change; this reminds us that the future is uncertain and that big changes are possible over short timeframes (Wyborn et al. 2020). Building capacities to anticipate potential futures that could unfold can help us to make better decisions in the present (Vervoort and Gupta 2018). -
Does the Sustainability of the Anthropocene Technosphere Imply an Existential Risk for Our Species? Thinking with Peter Haff
social sciences $€ £ ¥ Article Does the Sustainability of the Anthropocene Technosphere Imply an Existential Risk for Our Species? Thinking with Peter Haff João Ribeiro Mendes 1,2 1 Department of Philosophy, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; [email protected] 2 Institute for Anthropocene Studies, 4715-572 Braga, Portugal Abstract: Throughout the 20th century, several thinkers noticed that Technology was becoming a global phenomenon. More recently, US geologist Peter Haff claimed that a Technosphere is now in place and can be conceived as a new Earth geological system. This unprecedented situation is creating enormous challenges not only for our species, since more and more of its members are now dependent on the subsistence of this man-made sphere, but also for other species and natural ecosystems that have become increasingly dependent on it. Perhaps the most crucial of these challenges is the sustainability of the Technosphere itself. In the first part of the article, I attempted a critical reconstruction of Haff’s Technosphere concept. The second part is dedicated to analyzing how the unsustainability of the Technosphere represents a global catastrophic risk and ultimately an existential risk. Keywords: technosphere; anthropocene; Peter Haff; sustainability; existential risk Citation: Mendes, João Ribeiro. 2021. Does the Sustainability of the Anthropocene Technosphere Imply an Existential Risk for Our Species? Thinking with Peter Haff. Social 1. Introduction Sciences 10: 314. https://doi.org/ At the beginning of The Decay of Lying, in a scene set in the library of a country house 10.3390/socsci10080314 in Nottinghamshire, Cyril—the pro-naturalist—says to Vivian—the anti-naturalist: If Nature had been comfortable, mankind would never have invented architec- Academic Editors: ture, and I prefer houses to the open air. -
Mcgill Sustainability Project Fund Application
Montréal à Votre Service…Écologique 1 McGill Sustainability Project Fund Application Project Title: Montréal à Votre Service…Écologique Budget Requested: $30,130 Applicant/Project Leaders: Dr. Elena Bennett Agricultural & Environmental Sciences - Dept. Natural Resource Sciences [email protected] (514) 398-7563 Matthew Mitchell, Ph.D. Candidate Agricultural & Environmental Sciences - Dept. Natural Resource Sciences [email protected] (514) 978-3531 Project Team: 1. Karine Dancose, Communications Officer - Biodiversity, Connectivity & Ecosystem Services in the Monteregie, Natural Resource Sciences, [email protected] 2. Maria Felipe Lucia, PhD Student, Ciencias Ambientales y Restauración Ecológica - Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, Spain, [email protected] 3. Barbara Frei, PhD Student, Natural Resource Sciences, [email protected] 4. Hsin-Hui Huang, Data Manager & GIS Technician, Bioresource Engineering, [email protected] 5. Aerin Jacob, PhD Student, Biology, [email protected] 6. Purity Karuga, PhD Student, Natural Resource Sciences, [email protected] 7. Dorothy Maguire, PhD Student, Natural Resource Sciences, [email protected] 8. Geneviève Metson, PhD, Student, Natural Resource Sciences, [email protected] 9. Dr. Delphine Renard, Post-doctoral Researcher, Geography, [email protected] 10. Dr. Marta Terrado Casanovas, Post-doctoral Researcher, Natural Resource Sciences, [email protected] 11. Carly Ziter, MSc Student, Biology, [email protected] Montréal à Votre Service…Écologique 2 I. Project Overview Like cities and people everywhere, McGill and Montreal rely on ecosystem services – the benefits that people obtain from ecosystems. These include food, energy, clean air and water, climate regulation, places for recreation, and cultural inspiration. -
Phylogenetic Relationships Within Bothrops Neuwiedi Group
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 71 (2014) 1–14 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Phylogenetic relationships within Bothrops neuwiedi group (Serpentes, Squamata): Geographically highly-structured lineages, evidence of introgressive hybridization and Neogene/Quaternary diversification ⇑ Taís Machado a, , Vinícius X. Silva b, Maria José de J. Silva a a Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto Butantan, Av. Dr. Vital Brazil, 1500, São Paulo, SP 05503-000, Brazil b Coleção Herpetológica Alfred Russel Wallace, Instituto de Ciências da Natureza, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, Alfenas, MG 37130-000, Brazil article info abstract Article history: Eight current species of snakes of the Bothrops neuwiedi group are widespread in South American open Received 8 November 2012 biomes from northeastern Brazil to southeastern Argentina. In this paper, 140 samples from 93 different Revised 3 October 2013 localities were used to investigate species boundaries and to provide a hypothesis of phylogenetic rela- Accepted 5 October 2013 tionships among the members of this group based on 1122 bp of cyt b and ND4 from mitochondrial DNA Available online 17 October 2013 and also investigate the patterns and processes occurring in the evolutionary history of the group. Com- bined data recovered the B. neuwiedi group as a highly supported monophyletic group in maximum par- Keywords: simony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses, as well as four major clades (Northeast I, Northeast Mitochondrial DNA II, East–West, West-South) highly-structured geographically. Monophyly was recovered only for B. pubes- Incomplete lineage sorting Hybrid zone cens. -
Bothrocophias Hyoprora
ISSN 1809-127X (online edition) © 2011 Check List and Authors Chec List Open Access | Freely available at www.checklist.org.br Journal of species lists and distribution N Bothrocophias hyoprora ISTRIBUTIO Squamata, Serpentes, Viperidae, D (Amaral, 1935): Distribution extension in the state of * RAPHIC G Acre, northern Brazil EO G Paulo Sérgio Bernarde , Everton de Souza do Amaral and Marcus Augusto Damasceno do Vale N O [email protected] Universidade Federal do Acre, Campus Floresta, Centro Multidisciplinar, Laboratório de Herpetologia. CEP 69980-000. Cruzeiro do Sul, AC, Brazil. * Corresponding author. E-mail: OTES N Abstract: The Amazonian toadheaded pitviper Bothrocophias hyoprora (Amaral, 1935) is known from Brazil (states of Amazonas and Rondônia), Colombia, eastern Equador, Peru, and Bolivia. We report the first record of this species from the state of Acre (Brazil) in the Serra do Divisor National Park. This record extends the species distribution in 540 km to the southwest of Tabatinga, state of Amazonas, which was the nearest record of this species in Brazilian Amazon. The genus Bothrocophias (Gutberlet and Campbell 2001) comprises five species occurring in northwestern South America in mesic forests such as lowland rainforest and wet montaneB. hyoprora forests, includingand B. microphthalmus cloud forest (Campbell (Cope, and Lamar 2004). Two species of this genusBothrocophias are recorded fromhyoprora Brazil: B. microphthalmus by 1876) (Campbell and Lamar 2004). can be distinguished from the presence of a more upturned snout (vs. less upturned), having most of the subcaudals undivided (vs. most divided), and having a tendencyBothrocophias towards fewer hyoprora ventrals (118–143 lowvs. 137–168) elevation (Campbellequatorial forestsand Lamar of the 2004). -
2015-2016 Annual Report
AnnualReport 2015-2016 University of California, Santa Barbara 1 Table of Contents Director’s Statement 1 NCEAS Mission Statement ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������3 The People of NCEAS 4 Organizational Chart 5 Principal Investigators �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������6 NCEAS Scientists 7 NCEAS Science Advisers 9 SNAPP Science Advisory Council �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������9 SNAPP Board 10 SNAPP Management Team ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������10 Students ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������11 NCEAS Programs & Working Groups 12 Long Term Ecological Research Network Communications Office �������������������������������������������������13 SNAPP: Science for Nature �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������14 -
City Research Online
City Research Online City, University of London Institutional Repository Citation: Pereira, L. ORCID: 0000-0002-4996-7234, Bennett, E., Biggs, R., Peterson, G., McPhearson, T., Norström, A., Olsson, P., Preiser, R., Raudsepp-Hearne, C. and Vervoort, J. (2018). Seeds of the Future in the Present: Exploring Pathways for Navigating Towards “Good” Anthropocenes. In: Elmqvist, T., Bai, X., Frantzeskaki, N., Griffith, C., Maddox, D., McPhearson, T., Parnell, S., Romero-Lankao, P., Simone, D. and Watkins, M. (Eds.), UrBan Planet: Knowledge towards SustainaBle Cities. (pp. 327-350). CamBridge: CamBridge University Press. ISBN 9781316647554 This is the published version of the paper. This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Permanent repository link: https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/19567/ Link to published version: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781316647554 Copyright: City Research Online aims to make research outputs of City, University of London available to a wider audience. Copyright and Moral Rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyright holders. URLs from City Research Online may be freely distributed and linked to. Reuse: Copies of full items can Be used for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge. Provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. City Research Online: http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/ [email protected] Chapter 16: Seeds of the Future in the Present Exploring Pathways for Navigating Towards “Good” Anthropocenes Laura M.