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Newsletter I
te voLUMEtd NO3 + AUTUMN 19I}9 THE NEWSLETTER I Patt of one discovery ptate of Pluto in the constellation Gemini takzn on January 29, D3A. The arow points to Plttto (about 15th magnitude). The bight star is Delta Geminorum. South is at the top and west at the left. (photo coufiesy Clyde Tombaugh) Discoverer of Pluto to Speak Dr. Hazel Ross A special treat is in store for us this Fall when Dr. Ctyde Dr. Tombaugh was born and raised on a farm, first in Tombaugh, discoverer of the planet Pluto, will give the Illinois and later in Kansas. tnspired by an uncle who was Chesley Bonestell Memorial L,ecture on September 23. As something of an amateur astronomer, and encouraged by one contemporary writer has pointed out, "More people have his father, he developed a keen interest in astronomy as a walked on the moon than have discovered planets. In fact, teenager. [,ater, using a f-inch reflector he had made only two other individuals in history have actually discovered himself, he studied Mars and Jupiter and sent drawings of new planets. Dr. Tombaugh is the third, and is still with us." what he had seen to Lowell Observatory in the hopes of obtaining a job. It turned out that the Lowetl astronomers Dr. Tombaugh had just turned 24 when, on February were looking for a young, aspiring astronomer to undertake a 18, 1930, he made the momentous discovery that rocked the search for a new planet beyond Neptune using the world. He had been working at the Lowell Observatory for observatory's new 13-inch camera. -
Nuclear Star Formation in NGC 6240
A&A 415, 103–116 (2004) Astronomy DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361:20034183 & c ESO 2004 Astrophysics Nuclear star formation in NGC 6240 A. Pasquali1,2,J.S.Gallagher3, and R. de Grijs4 1 ESO/ST-ECF, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 2, 85748 Garching bei M¨unchen, Germany 2 Institute of Astronomy, ETH H¨onggerberg, 8093 Z¨urich, Switzerland 3 University of Wisconsin, Department of Astronomy, 475 N. Charter St., Madison WI 53706, USA e-mail: [email protected] 4 University of Sheffield, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield S3 7RH, UK e-mail: [email protected] Received 12 August 2003 / Accepted 6 November 2003 Abstract. We have made use of archival HST BVIJH photometry to constrain the nature of the three discrete sources, A1, A2 and B1, identified in the double nucleus of NGC 6240. STARBURST99 models have been fitted to the observed colours, under the assumption, first, that these sources can be treated as star clusters (i.e. single, instantaneous episodes of star formation), and subsequently as star-forming regions (i.e. characterised by continuous star formation). For both scenarios, we estimate ages as young as 4 million years, integrated masses ranging between 7 106 M (B1) and 109 M (A1) and a rate of 1 supernova per × 1 year, which, together with the stellar winds, sustains a galactic wind of 44 M yr− . In the case of continuous star formation, 1 a star-formation rate has been derived for A1 as high as 270 M yr− , similar to what is observed for warm Ultraluminous 3 Infrared Galaxies (ULIRGs) with a double nucleus. -
High-Resolution Observations of the Spatial and Velocity Distribution of Cometary Hydrogen
Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, 1992 N 7 HIGH-RESOLUTION OBSERVATIONS OF THE SPATIAL AND VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION OF COMETARY HYDROGEN Michael E. Brown and Hyron Spinrad Dept. of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA ABSTRACT We have obtained high velocity and spatial resolution long-slit H<x spectra of comets Austin (1989cl) and Levy (1990c). Spectra of both comets clearly show the existence of a low velocity thermalized component of hydrogen gas. The amount of slow hydrogen is estimated for comet Austin. The Levy spectrum shows an unusual high-velocity spatially- confined blob of hydrogen emission of unknown origin. INTRODUCTION H<_ 6562/_ emission has been observed in comets since Kohoutek (Huppler et al. 1975, Magee-Sauer 1988). Although the excitation mechanism is weak - Ha emission is produced by fluorescence following solar Ly_ excitation of cometary hydrogen - Ho_ is observable because hydrogen is the most abundantly produced and longest-lived species in cometary comae. Hydrogen is produced primarily by photodissociation of water through the following reactions (Crovisier 1989): H20 + hv -+ H + OH. (1) OH + hv ---+H + O. (2) In reaction (1) the typical hydrogen ejection velocity is about 18 km/sec, while in reaction (2) the typical velocity is about 8 km/sec. Models of the hydrogen coma have also suggested the existence of a slow (_ 2 km/sec) thermalized component caused by hydrogen-water collision in the dense inner coma (Combi and Smyth 1987). High resolution spectroscopy of Ho_ should be able to disentangle the different velocity components of the hydrogen coma. Previous spectroscopy, using Fabry-Perot methods (Huppler et aI. -
Brenda L. Frye − C. V
Brenda L. Frye − C. V. Contact Department of Astronomy/Steward Observatory Tel.: (520) 626-1857 Information University of Arizona e-mail: [email protected] 933 N Cherry Ave Tucson, AZ 85718 Research Observational Cosmology including (but not limited to): galaxy formation & Interests evolution, gravitational lensing, intergalactic medium, high redshift galaxies, structure of the Milky Way, spectroscopy, and data analysis techniques Chronology of University of California at Berkeley, Ph. D., Astrophysics, May 1999, Education Thesis: \A Faint Galaxy Redshift Survey behind Massive Clusters," Advisor: Prof. Hyron Spinrad University of California at Berkeley, M. S., Astrophysics, May 1995 University of Arizona, B. S. Astronomy, B. S. Physics, Magna cum Laude, Dec 1991 Thesis: \MMT Absorption Spectroscopy towards High Redshift QSOs" Advisor: Prof. Jill Bechtold Chronology of University of Arizona Employment Assistant Astronomer, Continuing-eligible status (Jan 2014 - present) Assistant Astronomer & Lecturer (Jan 2011 - Dec 2013) State University of New York at Stony Brook Visiting Professor (Oct 2011- Dec 2011) University of San Francisco (USF) Tenure-track Assistant Professor Department of Physics & Astronomy (Sep 2009 - Sep 2011) Dublin City University (DCU) Fixed Term Lecturer (Jan 2005-Sept 2008) & Research Fellow (Oct 2008 - Aug 2009) (Funded and supervised Ph. D. and undergraduate students, full teaching load, program development & service) Princeton University Council of Science & Technology Postdoctoral Fellow (Sept 2001 - Dec 2004) -
Michele Walters Robert J. Scholes Editors
Michele Walters Robert J. Scholes Editors The GEO Handbook on Biodiversity Observation Networks The GEO Handbook on Biodiversity Observation Networks Michele Walters • Robert J. Scholes Editors The GEO Handbook on Biodiversity Observation Networks Editors Michele Walters Robert J. Scholes Natural Resources and Environment Global Change and Sustainability Research Council for Scientific and Industrial Institute Research (CSIR) University of the Witwatersrand Pretoria Johannesburg South Africa South Africa and Centre for Wildlife Management University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa Additional material to this book can be downloaded from http://extras.springer.com. ISBN 978-3-319-27286-3 ISBN 978-3-319-27288-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-27288-7 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016951648 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2017. This book is published open access. Open Access This book is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 2.5 License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/) which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. The images or other third party material in this book are included in the work’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if such material is not included in the work’s Creative Commons license and the respective action is not permitted by statutory regulation, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to duplicate, adapt or reproduce the material. This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. -
Studies on the Formation, Evolution, and Destruction of Massive Star Clusters Cover: Photograph Taken at White Sands, New Mexico
Studies on the Formation, Evolution, and Destruction of Massive Star Clusters Cover: Photograph taken at White Sands, New Mexico. Courtesy of Matt Robertson. Printed by MultiCopy, Utrecht ISBN 90–393–0502–1 Studies on the Formation, Evolution, and Destruction of Massive Star Clusters Studie van de Vorming, Evolutie, en Destructie van Massieve Sterclusters (met een samenvatting in het Nederlands) Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit Utrecht op gezag van de Rector Magnificus, Prof. Dr. W.H. Gispen, ingevolge het besluit van het College voor Promoties in het openbaar te verdedigen op donderdag 21 april 2005 des middags te 12.45 uur door Nathan John Bastian geboren op 22 March 1978, te Milwaukee Promoter: prof. dr Henny J.G.L.M. Lamers Sterrenkundig Instituut, Universiteit Utrecht Co-Promoter: dr Markus Kissler-Patig European Southern Observatory This research has been supported in part by the Nether- lands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO). Additional support has come from the European South- ern Observatory (ESO). Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Introduction to Extragalactic Star Clusters . 1 1.1.1 The Milky Way Bias . 1 1.1.2 The copious environments of young star clusters . 2 1.2 This Thesis . 5 1.2.1 Cluster Populations . 5 1.2.2 Dynamical Studies of the Massive Star Cluster W3 in the Merger Remnant NGC 7252 . 10 1.2.3 Cluster Complexes . 10 1.2.4 Future Plans . 13 Part A: The Cluster Population of M 51 15 2 Clusters in the Inner Spiral Arms of M 51: The cluster IMF and the formation history 17 2.1 Introduction . -
Magnetic Fields Drive Astrophysical Jet Shapes 24 February 2021, by Anne M Stark
Magnetic fields drive astrophysical jet shapes 24 February 2021, by Anne M Stark For small misalignments, a magnetic nozzle forms and redirects the outflow in a parallel jet. For larger misalignments, this nozzle becomes increasingly asymmetric, disrupting jet formation. "We found that outflow/magnetic field misalignment is a plausible key process regulating jet collimation in a variety of objects from our sun's outflows to extragalatic jets," said LLNL plasma physicist Drew Higginson, a co-author of the paper. "They also could provide a possible interpretation for the observed structuring of astrophysical jets." Astrophysical jets have varied morphologies from This image taken with the Hubble Space Telescope shows how a bright, clumpy jet ejected from a young star very high aspect ratio, collimated jets, to short ones has changed over time. Credit: NASA that are either clearly fragmented or are just observed and are not able to sustain a high density over a long range. Outflows of matter are general features stemming from systems powered by compact objects such as black holes, active galactic nuclei, pulsar wind nebulae, accreting objects such as Young Stellar Objects (YSO) and mature stars such as our sun. But the shape of those outflows, or astrophysical jets, vary depending on the magnetic field around them. In new experiments, a Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) scientist and international collaborators found that outflow /magnetic field misalignment is a plausible key process regulating jet formation. The research appears in Nature Communications. Using a high-powered laser at the École Polytechnique, the team created fast material outflows in a strong applied magnetic field as a surrogate for potential astrophysics conditions. -
FY13 High-Level Deliverables
National Optical Astronomy Observatory Fiscal Year Annual Report for FY 2013 (1 October 2012 – 30 September 2013) Submitted to the National Science Foundation Pursuant to Cooperative Support Agreement No. AST-0950945 13 December 2013 Revised 18 September 2014 Contents NOAO MISSION PROFILE .................................................................................................... 1 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................ 2 2 NOAO ACCOMPLISHMENTS ....................................................................................... 4 2.1 Achievements ..................................................................................................... 4 2.2 Status of Vision and Goals ................................................................................. 5 2.2.1 Status of FY13 High-Level Deliverables ............................................ 5 2.2.2 FY13 Planned vs. Actual Spending and Revenues .............................. 8 2.3 Challenges and Their Impacts ............................................................................ 9 3 SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES AND FINDINGS .............................................................. 11 3.1 Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory ....................................................... 11 3.2 Kitt Peak National Observatory ....................................................................... 14 3.3 Gemini Observatory ........................................................................................ -
Drivers of Change in Ecosystem Condition and Services
Chapter 7 Drivers of Change in Ecosystem Condition and Services Coordinating Lead Author: Gerald C. Nelson Lead Authors: Elena Bennett, Asmeret Asefaw Berhe, Kenneth G. Cassman, Ruth DeFries, Thomas Dietz, Andrew Dobson, Achim Dobermann, Anthony Janetos, Marc Levy, Diana Marco, Nebojsa Nakic´enovic´, Brian O’Neill, Richard Norgaard, Gerhard Petschel-Held, Dennis Ojima, Prabhu Pingali, Robert Watson, Monika Zurek Review Editors: Agnes Rola, Ortwin Renn, Wolfgang Weimer-Jehle Main Messages . ............................................ 175 7.1 Introduction ........................................... 175 7.2 Indirect Drivers ........................................ 176 7.2.1 Demographic Drivers 7.2.2 Economic Drivers: Consumption, Production, and Globalization 7.2.3 Sociopolitical Drivers 7.2.4 Cultural and Religious Drivers 7.2.5 Science and Technology Drivers 7.3 Direct Drivers . ........................................ 199 7.3.1 Climate Variability and Change 7.3.2 Plant Nutrient Use 7.3.3 Land Conversion 7.3.4 Biological Invasions and Diseases 7.4 Examples of Interactions among Drivers and Ecosystems ......... 212 7.4.1 Land Use Change 7.4.2 Tourism 7.5 Concluding Remarks .................................... 214 NOTES ................................................... 214 REFERENCES .............................................. 214 173 ................. 11411$ $CH7 10-27-05 08:42:07 PS PAGE 173 174 Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Scenarios BOXES 7.16 Trends in Global Consumption of Nitrogen Fertilizers, 7.1 War as a Driver of Change -
The 10 Parsec Sample in the Gaia Era?,?? C
A&A 650, A201 (2021) Astronomy https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202140985 & c C. Reylé et al. 2021 Astrophysics The 10 parsec sample in the Gaia era?,?? C. Reylé1 , K. Jardine2 , P. Fouqué3 , J. A. Caballero4 , R. L. Smart5 , and A. Sozzetti5 1 Institut UTINAM, CNRS UMR6213, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, OSU THETA Franche-Comté-Bourgogne, Observatoire de Besançon, BP 1615, 25010 Besançon Cedex, France e-mail: [email protected] 2 Radagast Solutions, Simon Vestdijkpad 24, 2321 WD Leiden, The Netherlands 3 IRAP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 14 av. E. Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France 4 Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), ESAC, Camino bajo del castillo s/n, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain 5 INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese (TO), Italy Received 2 April 2021 / Accepted 23 April 2021 ABSTRACT Context. The nearest stars provide a fundamental constraint for our understanding of stellar physics and the Galaxy. The nearby sample serves as an anchor where all objects can be seen and understood with precise data. This work is triggered by the most recent data release of the astrometric space mission Gaia and uses its unprecedented high precision parallax measurements to review the census of objects within 10 pc. Aims. The first aim of this work was to compile all stars and brown dwarfs within 10 pc observable by Gaia and compare it with the Gaia Catalogue of Nearby Stars as a quality assurance test. We complement the list to get a full 10 pc census, including bright stars, brown dwarfs, and exoplanets. -
Imagining Better Futures Using the Seeds Approach
Volume 5: 04 March 2021 https://socialinnovationsjournal.com/index.php/sij/article/view/694 Imagining better futures using the Seeds approach Laura M. Pereira1 1Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University; Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University; and Centre for Complex Systems in Transition, Stellenbosch University Corresponding author: Laura M. Pereira, [email protected] Abstract Building capacities to anticipate potential futures that could unfold can help us to make better decisions in the present. However, imagining the future is not easy. To address this gap, the Seeds of Good Anthropocenes (Seeds) project has been designed to use innovative methods to undertake novel participatory processes to co-design desirable visions of the future and identify pathways of what needs to be done to get there. A core innovation of the Seeds project has been the development of an adapted Mānoa method scenarios process for envisioning more desirable futures. It has been used in a workshop with diverse people to envisions more desirable futures for specific places such as southern Africa, and northern Europe and the Canadian Arctic as well as for specific thematic areas like biodiversity and geo-engineering. The approach has been used in a variety of intergovernmental processes and has recently been adapted to take place online. Keywords: Manoa method, potential futures, Seeds approach, sustainability, social innovation Introduction Times of rapid disruption create novel opportunities for change; this reminds us that the future is uncertain and that big changes are possible over short timeframes (Wyborn et al. 2020). Building capacities to anticipate potential futures that could unfold can help us to make better decisions in the present (Vervoort and Gupta 2018). -
Carl Sagan (1934-1996) American Astronomer, Astrophysicist, Cosmologist, Author, Science Popularizer and Science Communicator in Astronomy and Natural Sciences
Carl Sagan (1934-1996) American astronomer, astrophysicist, cosmologist, author, science popularizer and science communicator in astronomy and natural sciences Vega (Alpha Lyrae) The fifth brightest star in the night sky and the second brightest star in the northern celestial hemisphere, after Arcturus. It is a relatively close star at only 25 light-years from Earth, and, together with Arcturus and Sirius, one of the most luminous stars in the Sun's neighborhood. Vega's spectral class is A0V, making it a blue-tinged white main sequence star that is fusing hydrogen to helium in its core. Vega will become a class-M red giant and shed much of its mass, finally becoming a white dwarf. Summer Triangle Mythology of Lyra In Greek mythology LYRA represents the instrument which was a gift from Apollo to his son Orpheus. The latter's bride, the beautiful Eurydice, had been killed by a viper and was lost in the underworld. Orpheus set out to try to save her and played such sweet music on his lyre that Hades, King of the Underworld, was charmed into giving permission for Eurydice to follow her husband home. He made one proviso, however, that Orpheus should not turn back to look at Eurydice until they were safely out of Hell. The pair set off but, at the very last moment, Orpheus could not resist turning round to see if Eurydice was following him and she was lost forever. Roman mosaic Museo Archeological Regionale di Palermo Orpheus with the lyre and surrounded by beasts (Byzantine & Christian Museum, Athens) Able to charm all living things and even stones with his music Nymphs Listening to the Songs of Orpheus Charles Francois Jalabert - 1853 M57 (NGC 6720) is a planetary nebula formed when a shell of ionized gas is expelled into the surrounding interstellar medium by a red giant star passing through the last stage in its evolution before becoming a white dwarf.