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SYSTEMATICS AND ZOOGEOGRAPHY OF THE BULIMULIDAE (PULMONATA: SIGMURETHRA) OF SONORA, MEXICO. Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors HOFFMAN, JAMES ELLIS. Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 02/10/2021 04:39:11 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184133 INFORMATION TO USERS While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this manuscript, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. For example: • Manuscript pages may have indistinct print. In such cases, the best available copy has been filmed. • Manuscripts may not always be complete. In such cases, a note will indicate that it is not possible to obtain missing pages. o Copyrighted material may have been removed from the manuscript. In such cases, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, and charts) are photographed by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each oversize page is also filmed as one exposure and is available, for an additional charge, as a standard 35mm slide or as a 17"x 23" black and white photographic print. Most photographs reproduce acceptably on positive microfilm or microfiche but lack the clarity on xerographic copies made from the microfilm. For an additional charge, 35mm slides of 6"x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations that cannot be reproduced satisfactorily by xerography. -----------_._._._------ 8716353 Hoffman, James Ellis SYSTEMATICS AND ZOOGEOGRAPHY OF THE BULIMULIDAE (PULMONATA: SIGMURETHRA) OF SONORA, MEXICO The University of Arizona PH.D. 1987 University Microfilms International 300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI48106 PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy. Problems encountered with this document have been identified here with a check mark_";_. 1. Glossy photographs or pages -/ 2. Colored illustrations, paper or print ___ 3. Photographs with dark background / 4. Illustrations are poor copy ___ 5. Pages with black marks, not original copy / 6. Print shows through as there is t~xt on both sides of page ___ 7. Indistinct, broken or small print on several pages ./ 8. 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Other ____________________________ University Microfilms International SYSTEMATICS AND ZOOGEOGRAPHY OF THE BULIMULIDAE (PULMONATA: SIGMURETHRA) OF SONORA, MEXICO by James Ellis Hoffman A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY In partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY WITH A MAJOR IN GENERAL BIOLOGY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 198 7 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Final Examination Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by __~J~a~m_e __ s __ E_l_l_1_'S ___ H_o_f_f_m_a_n ____________________ _ enti tled __-=S:;..tY,-,s:;,;t=-e:;m=a:..:t:.=i:..:c:..:s~a::.n=d:......:Z:..:o::.:o:;,;g",-e=o . ..::;gL:r:..:a""p:..:h::.YL.-.=;o-=f:....-::t:;.:h~e==--==B-=u:.:;;l=-=i;:.:.m:.:.;u=-l=i=d-=a=-=e~ ______ (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) of Sonora, Mexico. and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Date 5J,. 7 !J1P-r IffJ Date c;~>/(P~ Date 5/1'11<67 ~J,,~1W~~ Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate's submission of the final copy of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his or her judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained, from the author. This work is dedicated to D. June Watt, my mother-in-law without whose help with the things that I was often too busy to do, this research would not have been possible. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to express my appreciation to Dr. Walter B. Miller, major professor and dissertation director, and to Drs. Albert R. Mead and Peter E. Pickens of the major committee, for critically examining this manuscript. Appreciation is also extended to Drs. James H. Brown and Charles T. Mason for their service on the minor committee. I am deeply grateful to Dr. W. B. Miller for teaching me methods of preparing whole mounts and conducting field researc~. He shOloled me field localiti.es of interest, made available to me his land snail systematic collection, whic~ is one of the finest in the southwestern United States, and provided great encouragement and companionship in the laboratory and especially the field. I am also grateful to Dr. A. R. Mead for encouragement and for invaluable advice concerning the finer points of systematics; to Dr. J. H. Brown for advice and encouragement in my work on biogeography; to Edna Naranjo Garc!a for generous advice, field information and assistance on many collecting expeditions; to Jane E. Deisler for invaluable advice and information on the holdings of many of the larger museums in the United States, and to Dr. Richard L. lteeder and Dr. Carl C. Christensen who provi::led companionship, advice, and help in collecting. iv v Further, I wish to thank George Ferguson and Edna Naranjo Garc!a for providing specimens from many remote localities, Georganne Fink for help with finding an important locality and for encouragement, and Dr. Robert Van Syoc of the California Academy of Sciences and Robert Hershler of the National Museum of Natural His tory for the loan of valuable type material. A great debt is also owed to the Scientific Illustrations group In the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology of the University of Arizona, and especially to Don Thompson, for much help, advice, and the loan of equipment, to the Department of General Biology and the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology for helping me in innumerable ways. I especially wish to thank my family without whose help and patience this work would not have been possible. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES............................................ vi i LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• vi ii ABSTRACT. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • i)C INTRODUCTION •••••••••••••••••• ~ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1 .MATERIALS AND METHODS..................................... 6 Ma terials. • . 6 Col1ec tlng Methods................................ 6 Rearing Technique................................. 7 Dissec tions. 9 l~hole Moun ts • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 10 Illustrations ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 11 DESCRIPTION OF Rabdotus nigromontanus COMPLEX ••••••••••••• 12 Description of !. nigromontanus ••••••••••••••••••• 12 Description of !. milleri ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 14 SYNONYMY OF R. sonorensis ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 23 REASIGNMENT OF R. nigromontanus COMPLEX TO Naesiotus •••••• 26 DESCRIPTION OF R. baileyi COMPLEX ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 30 Description of R. baileyi ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 33 Description of R. new sp. A••••••••••••••••••••••• 37 Description of R. new sp. B••••••••••••••••••••••• 42 DESCRIPTION OF Drymaeus reederi ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 48 DISTRIBUTION OF THE SUBFAMILY BULIMULINAE ••••••••••••••••• 58 ZOOGEOGRAPHY OF BULIMULINAE OF SONORA ••••••••••••••••••••• 62 Description of Sonora ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 62 Distribution of Sonoran species ••••••••••••••••••• 62 Relationships within North America •••••••••••••••• 68 Relationships to Southern Hemisphere Bulimulinae •• 72 CONCLUSIONS. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 79 LITERATURE CITED.......................................... 81 vi LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1. Distribution of ~. nigromontanus and related species. 13 2. Genitalia of R. nigromontanus •••••••••••••••••••••••• 15 3. Genitalia of R. milleri