DOCSLIB.ORG

Psychiatric Approaches to Sexual Violence in the 1980S

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Psychiatric Approaches to Sexual Violence in the 1980S “Compulsive Rapism”: Psychiatric Approaches to Sexual Violence in the 1980s By Jenifer Dodd Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Vanderbilt University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in History August, 2016 Nashville, Tennessee Approved: Sarah Igo, Ph.D. Katherine Crawford, Ph.D. Arleen Tuchman, Ph.D. Jonathan Metzl, Ph.D. Copyright © 2016 by Jenifer Dodd All Rights Reserved ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I would like to thank by dissertation committee: Sarah Igo, Katherine Crawford, Arleen Tuchman and Jonathan Metzl. Their guidance and mentorship were invaluable. Without their support over my many years at Vanderbilt, this project would not have come to fruition. I would especially like to thank my advisor, Sarah Igo, for her incisive commentary on this project, as well as her much-needed moral support. I would also like to thank the many people who assisted in my archival research, especially the many staff members at the Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America (among them, Susan Landry, Diana Carey, Laura Peimer, Amanda E. Strauss, Stacey Flatt, and Ellen M. Shea); Gary McMillan at the American Psychiatric Association’s Melvin Sabshin Library and Archives; and Shawn Wilson at the Kinsey Institute. This research was made possible by the generous financial support of several institutions. I was the recipient of the Schlesinger Library’s Dissertation Grant, as well as the Woodrow Wilson Foundation’s Dissertation Fellowship in Women’s Studies. I also received several awards in the form of research funds from Vanderbilt University’s Graduate School. Thanks to the historians and researchers who provided mentorship, guidance and feedback on this project. In particular, Alexandra Rutherford and Michael Pettit provided insightful commentary on my framing of the women’s movement’s protests of the APA. My peers at Vanderbilt have also provided feedback and moral support over the years. They are too numerous to name here, but the many discussions and cups of coffee we shared shaped this dissertation and my graduate experience in profound ways. Finally, I’d like to thank my friends and family, especially my mom Diane, my dad Gary, and my aunt Pat. You all believed in me, even as my graduate career stretched on into its seventh year. Though my grandmother Laverne is no longer with us, she would have been happy to see this dissertation finally finished. Thanks to Anna Sibley for letting me take up space in her life and home and for providing an uncountable number of home-cooked meals. Thanks as well to her kids, Daniel and Livia, for reminding me that there was life outside of graduate school. Thanks, finally, to Miles Blizzard. I don’t think I would have become a historian had I not met you. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................................................................................................................iii ABBREVIATIONS .............................................................................................................................................. vi INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................................. 1 LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................................................................................5 CHAPTER OUTLINE.............................................................................................................................................................. 14 A NOTE ABOUT LANGUAGE ............................................................................................................................................. 25 CHAPTER 1. DIAGNOSING RAPE: PARAPHILIC COERCIVE DISORDER IN THE DSM ...........................27 PARAPHILIAS & THE DSM-III ........................................................................................................................................ 30 PCD: A THEORY OF RAPE ................................................................................................................................................ 35 RAPISM IN DSM-III............................................................................................................................................................. 56 PCD IN DSM-III-R .............................................................................................................................................................. 58 POLITICS & SOCIAL ISSUES IN THE APA ..................................................................................................................... 64 DEFINING THE DSM............................................................................................................................................................ 70 CONCLUSION......................................................................................................................................................................... 74 2. “AS A WOMAN AND A MENTAL HEALTH WORKER”: PROTESTING THE DSM-III-R ..76 ANTI-RAPE ADVOCACY IN THE 1970S AND 1980S................................................................................................... 80 PROTESTS AND PETITIONS................................................................................................................................................ 85 WOMEN IN THE MENTAL HEALTH PROFESSIONS ...................................................................................................101 LABELING (BAD) BEHAVIOR .........................................................................................................................................112 MALE PATHOLOGIES: DDPD AND PCD IN COMPARISON ...................................................................................123 CONCLUSION.......................................................................................................................................................................126 3. TREATING SEX OFFENDERS AT JOHNS HOPKINS HOSPITAL............................................ 130 TREATMENT REGIMES .....................................................................................................................................................132 ETHICAL ISSUES .................................................................................................................................................................150 CONCLUSION.......................................................................................................................................................................164 4. THE NORTH AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR MAN/BOY LOVE: RHETORIC AND POLITICS IN THE 1980S.............................................................................................................................. 167 NAMBLA’S CULTURAL RELATIVISM........................................................................................................................170 NAMBLA AND EXPERTISE ...........................................................................................................................................174 CHILDREN’S RIGHTS TO WHAT? ..................................................................................................................................178 OFFICIAL RHETORIC AND CONTRADICTIONS...........................................................................................................198 NAMBLA & THE GAY COMMUNITY..........................................................................................................................206 CONCLUSIONS.....................................................................................................................................................................215 5. MENTALLY DISORDERED SEX OFFENDERS IN THE COURTS............................................ 218 INVOLUNTARY COMMITMENT IN THE 1970S AND 1980S .....................................................................................223 MDSO STATUTES..............................................................................................................................................................227 “FOR THE PURPOSES OF TREATMENT”.......................................................................................................................240 PSYCHIATRIC KNOWLEDGE AND ITS LIMITS............................................................................................................258 CONCLUSIONS.....................................................................................................................................................................274 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................................................. 276 THE AFTERLIFE OF PCD..................................................................................................................................................281 iv PEDOPHILIA IN THE 21ST CENTURY ..............................................................................................................................289 PSYCHIATRY AND FOURTH-WAVE FEMINISM .........................................................................................................297 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 1557-Final-Rule.Pdf
    *This HHS‐approved document is being submitted to the Office of the Federal Register (OFR) for publication and has not yet been placed on public display at or published in the Federal Register. This document may vary slightly from the published document if minor editorial changes are made during the OFR review process. The document published in the Federal Register is the official HHS-approved document. *Individuals using assistive technology may not be able to fully access information in this document. For assistance, please contact the Office for Civil Rights at (800) 368-1019 or (800) 537-7697 (TDD). 4153-01-P DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services 42 CFR Parts 438, 440, and 460 Office of the Secretary 45 CFR Parts 86, 92, 147, 155, and 156 RIN 0945-AA11 Nondiscrimination in Health and Health Education Programs or Activities, Delegation of Authority AGENCY: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS); Office for Civil Rights (OCR), Office of the Secretary, HHS. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: The Department of Health and Human Services (“the Department” or “HHS”) is committed to ensuring the civil rights of all individuals who access or seek to access health programs or activities of covered entities under Section 1557 of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (“ACA”). After considering public comments, in this final rule, the Department revises its Section 1557 regulations, Title IX regulations, and specific regulations of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (“CMS”) as proposed, with minor and primarily technical corrections. This will better comply with the mandates of Congress, address legal concerns, relieve billions of dollars in undue regulatory burdens, further substantive compliance, *This HHS‐approved document is being submitted to the Office of the Federal Register (OFR) for publication and has not yet been placed on public display at or published in the Federal Register.
    [Show full text]
  • Re-Considering Female Sexual Desire
    City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 10-2014 Re-Considering Female Sexual Desire: Internalized Representations Of Parental Relationships And Sexual Self- Concept In Women With Inhibited And Heightened Sexual Desire Eugenia Cherkasskaya Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/317 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] RE-CONSIDERING FEMALE SEXUAL DESIRE: INTERNALIZED REPRESENTATIONS OF PARENTAL RELATIONSHIPS AND SEXUAL SELF-CONCEPT IN WOMEN WITH INHIBITED AND HEIGHTENED SEXUAL DESIRE BY EUGENIA CHERKASSKAYA A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Clinical Psychology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York 2014 ii ©2014 EUGENIA CHERKASSKAYA All Rights Reserved iii This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in Clinical Psychology in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Margaret Rosario, Ph.D. _________________ _______________________________________ Date Chair of Examining Committee Maureen O’Connor _________________ ________________________________________ Date Executive Officer Diana Diamond, Ph.D. Lissa Weinstein, Ph.D. Deborah Tolman, Ed.D Diana Puñales, Ph.D. Supervisory Committee THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iv Abstract RE-CONSIDERING FEMALE SEXUAL DESIRE: INTERNALIZED REPRESENTATIONS OF PARENTAL RELATIONSHIPS AND SEXUAL SELF-CONCEPT IN WOMEN WITH INHIBITED AND HEIGHTENED SEXUAL DESIRE by Eugenia Cherkasskaya Adviser: Margaret Rosario, Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Curing Sexual Deviance : Medical Approaches to Sexual Offenders in England, 1919-1959
    ORBIT - Online Repository of Birkbeck Institutional Theses Enabling Open Access to Birkbecks Research Degree output Curing sexual deviance : medical approaches to sexual offenders in England, 1919-1959 http://bbktheses.da.ulcc.ac.uk/188/ Version: Full Version Citation: Weston, Janet (2016) Curing sexual deviance : medical approaches to sexual offenders in England, 1919-1959. PhD thesis, Birkbeck, University of Lon- don. c 2016 The Author(s) All material available through ORBIT is protected by intellectual property law, including copyright law. Any use made of the contents should comply with the relevant law. Deposit guide Contact: email Curing sexual deviance Medical approaches to sexual offenders in England, 1919-1959 Janet Weston Department of History, Classics, and Archaeology Birkbeck, University of London Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy September 2015 1 Declaration: I confirm that all material presented in this thesis is my own work, except where otherwise indicated. Signed ............................................... 2 Abstract This thesis examines medical approaches to sexual offenders in England between 1919 and 1959. It explores how doctors conceptualised sexual crimes and those who committed them, and how these ideas were implemented in medical and legal settings. It uses medical and criminological texts alongside information about specific court proceedings and offenders' lives to set out two overarching arguments. Firstly, it contends that sexual crime, and the sexual offender, are useful categories for analysis. Examining the medical theories that were put forward about the 'sexual offender', broadly defined, and the ways in which such theories were used, reveals important features of medico-legal thought and practice in relation to sexuality, crime, and 'normal' or healthy behaviour.
    [Show full text]
  • Mario Mieli, an Italian, Came to London in 1971 As a Student and Joined the Gay Liberation Front
    I : ' ! L. ' m�ttiOI rhielii: I I Lj l . , 1 . :. , , , , , , . , . , " . , rt1 . · . +: ' 1h��6�eXuality{ '& ! : 1,1 : ;-- i i � . ; ; : ' : j I : l 1 __: : ; l �- · · : . b L +-+I : · · ·Lr - · · rat11ri-"'- r1 · 1 · · �� �'0�. ; . ; .. i ! ··'--!- l . ! � I I .l ' I W1�1�fs i 1 '.I �f 9aY .J� .�I• I - i � . · I . _I l. ! ! � ; 'i .Ii I i -1 . :. .J _ J I ; i i i ! I . : I li ' i I L -1-- ) I i i i 1 __ I ... ! I I_ . ; � - Gay Men's Press is an independent publishing project intending to produce books relevant to the male gay movement and to promote the ideas of gay liberation. Mario Mieli, an Italian, came to London in 1971 as a student and joined the Gay Liberation Front. The following year he returned to Italy, where he helped to found FUORJ!, the radicaJ gay movement and magazine, in which he has remained active for many years. mario mieli homosexuality and liberation elements of a gay critique translated by david fernbach GAY MEN'S PHESS LONDON First published in Great Britain 1980 by Gay Men's Press Copyright© 1977 Giulio Einaudi editori s.p.a., Turin, Italy Translation, Introduction and English edition Copyright © 1980 Gay Men's Press, 27 Priory Avenue, London N8 7RN. British LibraryCataloguing in Publication Data Mieli, Mario Homosexuality and Liberation. 1 .Homosexuality I. Title 300 HQ76.8.US ISBN O 907040 01 2 Typeset by Range Left Photosetters, London Cover printed by Spider Web Offset, London Printed and bound in Great Britain by A. Wheaton and Company Limited, Exeter Introduction by David Fernbach 7 Preface 18 Chapter One: Homosexual Desire is Universal 21 The Gay Movement Against Oppression 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Finding Aid Was Produced Using Archivesspace on April 13, 2021
    National Organization for Women, New York State Chapter; Records apap029 This finding aid was produced using ArchivesSpace on April 13, 2021. M.E. Grenander Department of Special Collections & Archives National Organization for Women, New York State Chapter; Records apap029 Table of Contents Summary Information .................................................................................................................................... 3 Administrative History ................................................................................................................................... 3 Scope and Contents ........................................................................................................................................ 5 Arrangement of the Collection ...................................................................................................................... 5 Administrative Information ............................................................................................................................ 6 Controlled Access Headings .......................................................................................................................... 7 Collection Inventory ....................................................................................................................................... 7 State Council Meeting Files ........................................................................................................................ 7 Subject Files .............................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • List of Paraphilias
    List of paraphilias Paraphilias are sexual interests in objects, situations, or individuals that are atypical. The American Psychiatric Association, in its Paraphilia Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fifth Edition (DSM), draws a Specialty Psychiatry distinction between paraphilias (which it describes as atypical sexual interests) and paraphilic disorders (which additionally require the experience of distress or impairment in functioning).[1][2] Some paraphilias have more than one term to describe them, and some terms overlap with others. Paraphilias without DSM codes listed come under DSM 302.9, "Paraphilia NOS (Not Otherwise Specified)". In his 2008 book on sexual pathologies, Anil Aggrawal compiled a list of 547 terms describing paraphilic sexual interests. He cautioned, however, that "not all these paraphilias have necessarily been seen in clinical setups. This may not be because they do not exist, but because they are so innocuous they are never brought to the notice of clinicians or dismissed by them. Like allergies, sexual arousal may occur from anything under the sun, including the sun."[3] Most of the following names for paraphilias, constructed in the nineteenth and especially twentieth centuries from Greek and Latin roots (see List of medical roots, suffixes and prefixes), are used in medical contexts only. Contents A · B · C · D · E · F · G · H · I · J · K · L · M · N · O · P · Q · R · S · T · U · V · W · X · Y · Z Paraphilias A Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest Abasiophilia People with impaired mobility[4] Acrotomophilia
    [Show full text]
  • Expert Affidavit of Dr. Stephen B. Levine, M.D. Case 1:20-Cv-00184-DCN Document 46-2 Filed 06/09/20 Page 2 of 45
    Case 1:20-cv-00184-DCN Document 46-2 Filed 06/09/20 Page 1 of 45 EXHIBIT B Expert Affidavit of Dr. Stephen B. Levine, M.D. Case 1:20-cv-00184-DCN Document 46-2 Filed 06/09/20 Page 2 of 45 ________________________________________ EXPERT AFFIDAVIT OF DR. STEPHEN B. LEVINE, M.D. ________________________________________ June 4, 2020 Case 1:20-cv-00184-DCN Document 46-2 Filed 06/09/20 Page 3 of 45 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. CREDENTIALS & SUMMARY ............................................................................................ 1 II. BACKGROUND ON THE FIELD ......................................................................................... 6 A. The biological baseline of sex .......................................................................................... 6 B. Definition and diagnosis of gender dysphoria .................................................................. 8 C. Impact of gender dysphoria on minority and vulnerable groups .................................... 10 D. Three competing conceptual models of gender dysphoria and transgender identity ............................................................................................................................ 11 E. Four competing models of therapy ................................................................................. 14 F. Patients Differ Widely and Must Be Considered Individually. ...................................... 19 G. Understanding the WPATH and its “Standards of Care” ............................................... 21 III. GENDER IDENTITY,
    [Show full text]
  • CHAPTER PHONE: 223-8300 from the President
    DuDe ([tmcs CHAPTER PHONE: 223-8300 AUGUST 1987 From the President Feminists who gathered in Philadelphia for the national ' NOW Conference this July had much to celebrate, both in the successful handling and cooperative democracy of internal elections, and in the great body of work that the conference as a whole was able to accomplish. The genuine goodwill share~ among the force of over 2,000 was itself eloquent testimony to the unity of spirit that presided there. One of our own, Patricia Ireland, moved up as national officer to become Vice-President Executive and the first line of support for Molly Yard, NOW's new national President. Then too, the presence of the likely contender for the u.s. Presidency sparked a wave of enthusiasm among the many feminist women and men on the conference floor and produced a solidarity conspicuous even to those who were there just to observe. Media coverage of Patricia Schroeder's visit was extensive, and cheering crowds pledged dollars to Schroeder's run for the presidency, chapter by chapter and state by state. Dade County NOW pledged a significant figure too, both affirming our commitment to the feminiza tion of power, and reminding this new chapter president of the work that lies ahead. (Make your .checks out to The Patricia Schroeder Campaign Fund and send them care of Dade County NOW - we'll do the rest, and more!) Among the resolutions passed by the conference body were many that require our continued efforts on behalf of women a nd minorities.· We will, for example, form coalitions to prevent the' confirmation of Robert Bork to the Supreme Court; we will mobilize major resources to hold the largest civil rights march ever on behalf of lesbians and gays in Washington, D.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Our Blood: Prophecies and Discourses on Sexual Politics
    In this fierce and beautiful book, the author of Pornography: Men Possessing Women confronts our most profound social disgrace: the sexual, cultural, and political subjugation of women to men, and with rare eloquence examines the systematic crimes of our male-dominated society against women. “Our Blood is long overdue—all women must welcome the vigor and the incisive perception of this young feminist. ” —Flo Kennedy “Andrea Dworkin’s writing has the power of young genius —Leah Fritz “Andrea Dworkin has dedicated the title chapter of her book to the Grimke sisters, and it would have pleased them, I think—since it contains material which can serve at once as source and inspiration for women. ” —Robin Morgan “Women, looking into the mirror of Out Blood, will feel anguish for our past suffering and enslavement—and outrage at our present condition. Men, if they dare to look into this mirror, will turn away in shame and horror at what they have done. ” —Karla Jay “It is great—scary and innovative and great.” —Karen DeCrow “Our Blood takes a hard, unflinching look at the nature of sexual politics. Each essay reveals us to ourselves, exposing always the dynamics which have kept women oppressed throughout the ages. Our Blood compels us to confront the truth of our lives in the hope that we will then be able to transform them. ” —Susan Yankowitz Books by Andrea DworkinWOMAN Books byAndreaDworkinWOMAN HATING THE NEW WOMANS BROKEN HEART pornography : m e n p o s s e s s in g w o m e n Perigee Books are published by G.
    [Show full text]
  • 2018 Juvenile Law Cover Pages.Pub
    2018 JUVENILE LAW SEMINAR Juvenile Psychological and Risk Assessments: Common Themes in Juvenile Psychology THURSDAY MARCH 8, 2018 PRESENTED BY: TIME: 10:20 ‐ 11:30 a.m. Dr. Ed Connor Connor and Associates 34 Erlanger Road Erlanger, KY 41018 Phone: 859-341-5782 Oppositional Defiant Disorder Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Conduct Disorder Substance Abuse Disorders Disruptive Impulse Control Disorder Mood Disorders Research has found that screen exposure increases the probability of ADHD Several peer reviewed studies have linked internet usage to increased anxiety and depression Some of the most shocking research is that some kids can get psychotic like symptoms from gaming wherein the game blurs reality for the player Teenage shooters? Mylenation- Not yet complete in the frontal cortex, which compromises executive functioning thus inhibiting impulse control and rational thought Technology may stagnate frontal cortex development Delayed versus Instant Gratification Frustration Tolerance Several brain imaging studies have shown gray matter shrinkage or loss of tissue Gray Matter is defined by volume for Merriam-Webster as: neural tissue especially of the Internet/gam brain and spinal cord that contains nerve-cell bodies as ing addicts. well as nerve fibers and has a brownish-gray color During his ten years of clinical research Dr. Kardaras discovered while working with teenagers that they had found a new form of escape…a new drug so to speak…in immersive screens. For these kids the seductive and addictive pull of the screen has a stronger gravitational pull than real life experiences. (Excerpt from Dr. Kadaras book titled Glow Kids published August 2016) The fight or flight response in nature is brief because when the dog starts to chase you your heart races and your adrenaline surges…but as soon as the threat is gone your adrenaline levels decrease and your heart slows down.
    [Show full text]
  • GLBT Historical Society Archives
    GLBT Historical Society Archives - Periodicals List- Updated 01/2019 Title Alternate Title Subtitle Organization Holdings 1/10/2009 1*10 #1 (1991) - #13 (1993); Dec 1, Dec 29 (1993) 55407 Vol. 1, Series #2 (1995) incl. letter from publisher @ditup #6-8 (n.d.) vol. 1 issue 1 (Win 1992) - issue 8 (June 1994 [2 issues, diff covers]) - vol. 3 issue 15 10 Percent (July/Aug 1995) #2 (Feb 1965) - #4 (Jun 1965); #7 (Dec 1965); #3 (Winter 1966) - #4 (Summer); #10 (June 1966); #5 (Summer 1967) - #6 (Fall 1967); #13 (July 1967); Spring, 1968 some issues incl. 101 Boys Art Quarterly Guild Book Service and 101 Book Sales bulletins A Literary Magazine Publishing Women Whoever We Choose 13th Moon Thirteenth Moon To Be Vol. 3 #2 (1977) 17 P.H. fetish 'zine about male legs and feet #1 (Summer 1998) 2 Cents #4 2% Homogenized The Journal of Sex, Politics, and Dairy Products One issue (n.d.) 24-7: Notes From the Inside Commemorating Stonewall 1969-1994 issue #5 (1994) 3 in a Bed A Night in the Life 1 3 Keller Three Keller Le mensuel de Centre gai&lesbien #35 (Feb 1998), #37 (Apr 1998), #38 (May 1998), #48 (May 1999), #49 (Jun 1999) 3,000 Eyes Are Watching Me #1 (1992) 50/50 #1-#4 (June-1995-June 1996) 6010 Magazine Gay Association of Southern Africa (GASA) #2 (Jul 1987) - #3 (Aug 1987) 88 Chins #1 (Oct 1992) - #2 (Nov 1992) A Different Beat An Idea Whose Time Has Come... #1 (June 3, 1976) - #14 (Aug 1977) A Gay Dragonoid Sex Manual and Sketchbook|Gay Dragonoind Sex A Gallery of Bisexual and Hermaphrodite Love Starring the A Dragonoid Sex Manual Manual|Aqwatru' & Kaninor Dragonoid Aliens of the Polymarinus Star System vol 1 (Dec 1991); vol.
    [Show full text]
  • Supporting Gender Non-Conforming and Trans-Identified Students In
    Supporting gendernon-conforming and trans-identified students in schools A resource pack for schools www.transgendertrend.com Contents Introduction ........................................................................................................4 Why is this needed? ......................................................................................5 Guidance for school leaders ..............................................................................6 Context: ........................................................................................................6 School leadership .........................................................................................6 Advice and training .......................................................................................7 Policy, good practice and school rules ..........................................................7 Sex‑segregated facilities ...............................................................................8 School ethos .................................................................................................8 Influences .....................................................................................................8 Talking with other children ...........................................................................9 Confidentiality ..............................................................................................9 Attendance .................................................................................................10
    [Show full text]