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Walter Gordon Grant: an Archaeological Appreciation Dian Reynoldsam Grahan J D M*An Ritchie*

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Walter Gordon Grant: an Archaeological Appreciation Dian Reynoldsam Grahan J D M*An Ritchie* Proc Antiqc So Scot,(1985)5 11 , 67-73 Walter Gordon Grant: an archaeological appreciation Dian ReynoldsaM GrahaN J d m*an Ritchie* Between 1930 and his death in 1947, Mr Walter Grant, owner of the Trumland estate on Rousay, Orkney, undertook a remarkable series of excavations. Some of the plans which were prepared at the time were preserved in Trumland House, and Mr and Mrs E Harrison have kindly presented them to the Orkney Archive. Walter Gordon Grant was born in Elgin in 1886, the eldest son of Mr and Mrs James Grant of Highland Park, Kirkwall. He was resident in Orkney for most of his life and had business interests in the Highland Park Distillery; in later years he became a director of the Highland Distillers Company Ltd, Glasgow. Grant's involvemen locan i t l affair illustrates i s wors hi s ky a d b presiden Orknee th f o t y Trout Fishing Association assistancs hi d an , e wit introductioe hth e th f no Orkney airmail, the first within the United Kingdom; but it is perhaps his interest in the antiquities of Rousay for which he is best remembered. Grant's enthusias r o manarchaeologs mfo r yfo Orcadianss s arousedwa wa yt i s y a b ,, Professo GordoV r n Childe's excavation t Skarsa a Brae, which begaM J 1927r n i visie M f Th .to Corrie investigaton a , r fro Royae mth l Commissio Anciene th Historicad n no an t l Monumentf o s Scotland, to Rousay in 1928, may also have stimulated Grant's interest in archaeology, and much of the detailed information on the monuments of the island contained in the Inventory of Orkney waresule sth f Grant'o t s work. Although this volum printes ewa 1939n di , final publicatios nwa not possible until 1946 and consequently much of Grant's later excavations were unfortunately not included in full. n JulI y 1929, whe r JamenM s Richardson OfficM H f Works o f eo , , visited Rousaye h , found that Grant had begun the excavation of a small medieval castle at Westside. Richardson wa impresseo s s e workth y ,b d tha e suggesteh t d that trial excavation e undertakesb e th n no broc f Midhoweho , Rousay ,followine andth n i , g year, encouraged Gran havo t tmonumene eth t fully excavated, recorded and preserved. excavatioe Th thif no s undoubtedl s sitewa y Grant's major archaeological project, and, with Dr J Graham Callander, director of the National Museum of Antiquities of Scotland, giving personal supervision during the summer months, work continued from 1930 to 1933. 'The time taken to excavate the broch lasted for five consecutive summers and a few winter months and practically the whole work of cleaning out the structures was done by Mr James K Yorston. It has been computed that he wheeled out from 1500 to 2000 tons of fallen stones and debris' (Callander & Grant 1934b, 513-14). The excavation aroused a considerable amount of interest and acclaim. In an Office of Works minute, date Novembe5 d r 1933, Richardson wrote 'not onl s Yorstoyha n clearee th d interioe broc th d excavate f an ho r e labyrintth d f secondaro h y buildings betwee e outeth n r * Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland, 54 Melville Street, Edinburgh 70 SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES OF SCOTLAND, 1985 rampart and the main tower, but he has also consolidated part of the structure in a sympathetic manne workrn quit r Granow M r .spens e bese ou equaha t f verth a t o t o t yl considerabln o m esu undertakine alss th ha o e bornh expensd e eth gan f havineo monumene gth t carefully surveyed.' (Scottish Record Office MW/1/733). Callander, writing in The Scotsman, 13 April 1933, stated: 'It is many years since an excavation on such a large scale as this has been attempted of a prehistoric site in Scotland by a private individual and so Mr Grant has earned the cordial thanks of all interested in Scottish archaeology. He and his assistant Mr J Yorston are to be heartily congratulated on the patience and skill displayed in their work... .' Grant was elected a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland in 1930, and in the ensuing years carried out excavations on many of the monuments on Rousay. It was his vision as organizen a s generosithi d patroa an r s ya n which made these operations possibl tima t f a eeo financial stringency. Even durin e yearth g f debato s e betwee OfficM e H nf Work th o e d an s Society of Antiquaries of Scotland over who should be responsible for financing and organizing excavations, he managed to attract some of the best people and the best services to Rousay. Grant enlisted the help of Callander for a number of excavations, in addition to that at Midhowe broch, notably the chambered cairns at Midhowe, Knowe of Yarso, Knowe of Ramsay LONGi SECTION LOOKING CAST LONG' SECTION LOOKING WEST SECTION X^-X. SECTION Y.-Y. SECTION Z<-Z . LONG CHAMBERED CAIRN. MIDHOWE. ROUSAY. ORKNEY. ILLU S4 Midhowe Chambered Cairn; Plan draw Daviy nb d Wilson. (Origina Kirkwaln i l l Library) REYNOLDS AND RITCHIE: WALTER GORDON GRANT 71 Blackhammerd an HewaJ . workins t Broche Crawwa th o t f Gurnessga o wh , , Aikernesse th n o , opposite side of Eynhallow Sound between 1930 and 1933, was invited across to excavate at Midhowe chambered cairn. An excellent draughtsman, David Wilson, was employed by Grant, invaluabld an fron e Trumlanso m th assistancYorstos K hi J d r s givednM an ewa estatey nb . This strong archaeological team, organize Granty db , variously excavate published dan site1 d1 s between 1930 and 1937. Grant continued his archaeological work after Calender's death in 1937 and directed the excavations of the chambered cairns at Taversoe Tuick, Knowe of Rowiegar, Bigland, Kierfea Hill and the Knowe of Craie. Although not all of these are published, the detailed drawings made by Wilson have been preserved. In 1938, Childe supervise excavatioe dth Neolithie th f no c settlemen Braee th t f Rinysa o t o with Grant, but further collaboration was interrupted by the war years and work on this site was t recommenceno d until 1946 yeae th , r before Grant's death. Grant donate finde dth sexcavations frohi l m al Nationae th o st l Museu f Antiquitiemo f so Scotland e monumentth t bu , s themselve e perhapar s s greateshi s t memorial e besTh .t were generously handed over into Guardianshi natione th severar d covere pfo an , th f o ls which protect them wer Graney b pai r dtfo himself, thus ensuring their preservatio allowind nan g visitore th o st island to share the remarkably rich archaeological heritage of Rousay. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This paper was produced following a visit to Trumland House in 1982 on behalf of the National Monuments Record of Scotland, to examine the archives preserved there, and is published by courtesy of the Commissioners of the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. Our thanks are due to Mr and Mrs Harrison for allowing us access to the archives and to Mr Yorston for persuading us to find out more about Grant. e drawingTh f Grant'o s s excavations, execute Daviy db d Wilson, ARIAS ScotA e FS ,ar , Orknee th n i yw Archiveno , Kirkwall Library, Kirkwall photographid an , c copiecatalogua d san e are available in the National Monuments Record of Scotland, 54 Melville Street, Edinburgh. A further collectio f plansno , boun portfolioa n di , cam r investigationslighresulo a et ou s a f t o t . These were in the possession of David Wilson's widow who has kindly presented them to Tankerness House Museum, Kirkwall, Orkney. WALTER GRANT: EXCAVATIONS 1929 Wirke Th , Westside 2 MedievaUnpublished30 3 37 lY CastlH ;e Inv550o n f 1930 Midhowe* 37130Y H 6 CallandeBroc hGrand ran t With the assistance of 1934b; Inv no 553. Callander 1931 Midhowe* Broch HY 371306 Callander and Grant Wit assistance hth f eo 1934b553o n .v ;In Callander * Monument Guardianshin i w sno p t Royal Commissio Anciene th n Historicad no an t l Monument Scotlandf so , 1946, Inventory f Orkneyo Shetlandd an 72 SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES OF SCOTLAND, 1985 1932 Midhowe* Broch HY 371 306 Callande Grand ran t With the assistance of 1934b; Inv no 553. Callander Midhowe* Chambered Cairn HY 372 304 Callande Grand ran t With the assistance of Craw 1934a; Inv no 583 Geor Nearf do s 3 27 3 42 Y H Cairn Grant 1933av In ; Wit assistance hth Callandef eo r no 572. 1933 Midhowe* Broch HY 371 306 Callander and Grant With the assistance of Callander 1934b; Inv no 553. Midhowe* Chambere4 30 2 37 d CairY H n Callande Grand an r t With the assistance of 1934a; Inv no 583. Craw and Callander Blows, Deerness Cist burials HY 571 060 Grant 1933b; Inv no 636. Trumland 4 27 4 42 Y H Cair cistd nan s Craw 1934; With the assistance of Craw In571o vn . Westness 9 28 4 38 Y H Mound Grant 1934; With the assistance of Callander In580o vn . 1934 Knowe of Yarso* Chambered Cairn HY 404 279 Callander and Grant With the assistance of Callander 1935;/nvno575. 1935 Know f Ramsaeo y Chambered Cairn HY 400 280 Callander and Grant With the assistance of Callander 1936; Inv no 576.
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