THE INTERNATIONAL MAGAZINE

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FEBRUARY 2014 No. 914 : ALMOST READY TO ROLL

London Underground: 150 years and going strong

Five new lines open in one weekend A northern network for Brussels? Cincinnati receives crucial ‘go’ vote ISSN 1460-8324 £4.10 New tramways Keeping moving 02 This year’s planned Polish lessons on openings examined serving passengers 9 771460 832036 SRS Road Rail System International Limited OVERHEAD ELECTRIFICATION

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0089_Paisley_Edinburgh_A4.indd 1 10/01/2014 13:19 CONTENTS The official journal of the Light Rail Transit Association FEBRUARY 2014 Vol. 77 No. 914 www.tramnews.net EDITORIAL EDITOR Simon Johnston Tel: +44 (0)1733 367601 E-mail: [email protected] 13 Orton Enterprise Centre, Bakewell Road, Peterborough PE2 6XU, UK 44 ASSOCIATE EDITOR Tony Streeter E-mail: [email protected] WORLDWIDE EDITOR 57 Michael Taplin Flat 1, 10 Hope Road, Shanklin, Isle of Wight PO37 6EA, UK. E-mail: [email protected] NEWS EDITOR John Symons 17 Whitmore Avenue, Werrington, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffs ST9 0LW, UK. E-mail: [email protected] SENIOR CONTRIBUTOR Neil Pulling 61 WORLDWIDE CONTRIBUTORS Tony Bailey, James Chuang, Paul Nicholson NEWS 44 (Australia), Richard Felski (), Ed Havens, Bill SYSTEMS FACTFILE: 81 Vigrass (USA), Andrew Moglestue (), New tramway lines open in , Neil Pulling reports on a French city that is Mike Russell, Nikolai Semyonov (), Vic Simons, and the US; Manchester’s Oldham line (UK) expanding its single tramline to the centre. Alain Senut (France), Thomas Wagner (Germany). is set to follow; funding granted for Odense PRODUCTION LRT project; Algerian plans move ahead. WORLDWIDE REVIEW 88 Tel: +44 (0)1733 367604 E-mail: [email protected] Gold Coast tracklaying completed; Ottawa DESIGN NEW TRAMWAYS FOR 2014 51 approves second LRT stage; new Chinese Debbie Nolan Michael Taplin gives his forecast for the lines open; Budapest tenders link. ADVERTISING year’s new openings. With 13 or 14 systems COMMERCIAL MANAGER Vicky Binley on the cards it looks a promising year... MAILBOX 94 Tel: +44 (0)1733 367602 E-mail: [email protected] High-floor tramways have a place; Cincinnati ADVERTISING MANAGER EDINBURGH 57 streetcar triumph; Russia’s tram pioneer. Andy Adams The tramway in the Scottish capital has faced Tel: +44 (0)1733 367605 E-mail: [email protected] a few difficult years – but with the opening CLASSIC TRAMS: KEEPING MOVING 96 PUBLISHER just months away, the launch team is in Mike Russell examines how one Polish Howard Johnston buoyant mood. Howard Johnston reports. tramway serves passengers during trackworks. Tramways & Urban Transit is jointly published by the LRTA and LRTA Publishing on the third Friday of each month preceding the cover date. SPECIAL 61 LRTA WEBSITE AND DIARY TAUT celebrates the development and significance of the world’s most iconic transport Brian Lomas system – and examines its exciting plans for the future. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] LRTA MEMBERSHIP (with TAUT subscription) Tramways & Urban Transit is sent free to all paid-up members of the Light Rail Transit Association. When you pay for a tram, why expect a ? SUBSCRIPTIONS If you pay for anything in life then you expect that product or service to LRTA Membership Secretary (Dept T06), 38 Wolseley Road, Sale M33 7AU, UK. deliver what it promises. BACK ISSUES A recent rural train journey, booked well in advance, was cancelled due Tel: +44 (0)1406 373070 to engineering works on the line (as we only found out later). So instead PRINT AND DISTRIBUTION of a comfortable train with toilets, air conditioning, wi-fi, a buffet service Warners (Midlands) plc, The Maltings, West Street, Bourne, and a journey time of around 45 minutes, myself and a companion Lincs PE10 9PH, UK. Tel: +44 (0)1778 391000. were treated to an old bus with none of the above, tatty seats and a new journey time of LRTA REGISTERED OFFICE around an hour and a half. With poor signage and explanation of the reasons why (and c/o 138 Radnor Avenue, Welling, Kent DA16 2BY, UK. abysmal directional advice on where to catch the bus or how long it would take), as a Private company limited by guarantee, No. 5072319 in England and Wales. consequence my friend missed his connecting onward train service – like many others. LRTA CHAIRMAN But this situation is not limited to trains. I have experienced similar situations in Andrew Braddock recent months with two tramways, one in the UK and one in mainland Europe, where LRTA DEPUTY CHAIRMAN services were delayed or cancelled with little explanation or advice for onward travel. Vic Simons Effective information and service provision is key to attracting and retaining passengers. LRTA PUBLISHING REGISTERED OFFICE: Unexpected delays happen, but when this happens an alternative of similar quality c/o 8 Berwick Place, Welwyn Garden City, Herts AL7 4TU, should be provided – or at least an offer of a partial refund to make up the difference. UK. Private Limited Company, No. 06169422 Mike Russell’s excellent report from Tramwaje Slaskie in shows a fine example in England and Wales. of only relying on bus substitution as a last resort. Innovative thinking allows for the © LRTA Publishing 2014. almost constant provision of tram services... for passengers who have paid for a tram Articles are submitted on the understanding they may also later be used on our websites or other media. A contribution service. More operators could take a lesson from this in remembering their customers. is accepted on the basis that its author is responsible for the Onto the good news... This month we celebrate the London Underground and look opinions expressed in it, and such opinions are not those of at its exciting future development plans (TfL is one organisation that does get the LRTA Publishing or the LRTA. All rights reserved. No part of this magazine may be reproduced or transmitted in passenger experience right), and look forward to the tramways due to open in 2014. any form by any means, electronic or mechanical, including We’ve also been treated to a behind-the-scenes look at ’ testing and photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from commissioning programme with new Director and General Manager Tom Norris. the copyright owner. Multiple copying of the contents of the Tom and his team have to work hard to convince many Edinburghers to look beyond the magazine without prior written approval is not permitted. recent years of chaos by delivering exceptional service; let’s hope it works – and that before COVER: Edinburgh Trams 265 at the St Andrew too long the Scottish capital will be clamouring for more trams. Simon Johnston, Editor Square stop on 17 December 2013. Donald Stirling

www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org FEBRUARY 2014 / 43 News Five new lines open in one weekend Extensions to French and German tram systems launched over the European timetable change

he weekend of the tram-train system as new line European timetable S42 was inaugurated to provide a change (14-15 30-minute service on the 6.1km December) saw five (3.8-mile) Stadtbahn Nord from newT tram extensions opened in Heilbronn Bhf to Neckarsulm Bhf. France and Germany. Some 3.6km (2.2 miles) is In Toulouse, line T1 was street based, the remainder extended over the Ligne Garonne running alongside train tracks from Arenes to Palais de Justice (some sharing with industrial (interchange with metro line B). lines), but the latter have had The 3.4km (2.1-mile) EUR115m to be classified as governed project includes a rebuilt bridge by BOStrab (tramway) rules across the river. Livery changes rather than EBO (railway) were made to the 18 Alstom regulations. This is because Citadis trams to mark the opening. the four Bombardier ET2010 Valenciennes inaugurated dual-voltage cars allocated for The inaugural trams on the Valenciennes extension were Citadis 24 and 26, its second tramline, line B the service (two in use plus two flying the French and EU flags. J. Jännick from Anzin to Vieux-Condé, spares) have not yet been cleared which will have service over the for EBO operations. When this Bombardier ET2010 923 on the newly-opened S42 branch in Heilbronn on existing line to and from Gare happens in late spring 2014, the 14 December. LiftTurist SNCF, on 13 December. Despite new service will be extended the official inauguration, regular on railway tracks to Mosbach, passenger service will not start offering a 20-minute service; until 24 February. the cost of the whole project is The 15.5km (9.6-mile) line is EUR84.7m. mostly single track with passing In Köln (Cologne) the city’s loops (permitting a ten-minute ‘second cathedral’ was opened, service) and cost EUR150m, a the 28.5m deep, EUR90m price that includes seven more Heumarkt station on the new Citadis trams. Line B is due to be north–south Stadtbahn served by extended in the other direction to a one-station extension of line 5. Quiévrain on the Belgian border, Finally, München (Munich) bringing it to 29.7km (18.5 miles). chose the weekend to extend In Clermont-Ferrand the line 19 through the streets Translohr rubber-tyred tramway of Pasing on a loop linking line A was extended 1.7km (1.1 Marienplatz and Pasing Bhf miles) to Champratel aux Vergnes. (900m costing EUR12m) with a Heilbronn (Germany) was convoy representing each tram the location for the latest step generation before free rides were towards expanding Karlsruhe’s offered on Saturday.

Manila contract to go to CNR Dalian? Strasbourg launches two branches A new fleet of 48 LRVs to enhance service on Metro Rail Transit Strasbourg inaugurated two on dedicated busway. This System Line 3 in the Philippine tramway extensions on 30 investment cost EUR24.5m. capital of Manila is expected to November, which together In 2014 or 2015 line A be provided by China’s CNR cost EUR63m and added 2km will be extended by 1.75km Dalian Locomotive & Rolling (1.3 miles) to the network. (1.1 miles) to the centre of Stock. Delivery is to be completed Line A was extended in Illkirch-Graffenstaden from in 2016. The 17km (10.5-mile) MRT-3 the north from Hautepierre the existing terminus at opened in 1999 and currently uses Maillon to Parc des Sports and Lixenbuhl. For completion in trains built by CKD. line D to Poteries (Lycée Marcel 2015 is the 1.4km (0.9-mile), Rudloff) on a new branch in EUR14.5m extension of 24hr weekend Tube the direction of Koenigshoffen. line E from Boecklin to services to begin in 2015 A Strasbourg ABB Eurotram in The extensions bring the all-over advertising livery at the new Robertsau Centre, while 2016 has Poteries terminus of line. D. A. Daniel announced that weekend services French city’s system to 40.7km will see the inauguration covering the whole 24 hours are (25.3 miles) and increase the of the tramway across the being planned for the UK’s London peak run-out on the tramway cope with growth of the system Rhine to Kehl Bahnhof in Underground, beginning in 2015. network to 82 trams. up to 2016. Germany (2.8km/1.7 miles, Designed to ‘support the capital’s Strasbourg’s fleet comprises Meanwhile, 30 November EUR87m). The German federal vibrant night-time economy’, the 53 Bombardier Eurotram and also saw the inauguration of government is contributing will initially provide 41 403 trams, express bus line G linking the EUR19m. services on the Piccadilly, Victoria, and in early December tenders Gare SNCF and Schiltigheim Line A will later be extended Central, Jubilee and Northern lines were issued for the supply and (Éspace européen de to Zenith. The extension of line on Friday and Saturday nights. It is hoped to expand the concept later. maintenance of 12 new trams, l’entreprise), via Cronenbourg, C to Meinau has been cancelled with an option for 38 more, to operating for 80% of its route in favour of another bus line.

44 / FEBRUARY 2014 www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org Houston opens Cincinnati streetcar’s northern extension crucial vote

USD765m route finished early – two more new lines to open this year Three weeks of drama over the future of the tramway in n 21 December Cincinnati (Ohio, US) came to the Metropolitan an end on 19 December, when Transportation the city council voted to let Authority of Harris construction proceed. OCounty in Texas (US) opened Work had stopped after its second METRORail light rail a previous council vote to line, linking the University of suspend building while an Houston in the city centre with independent audit was carried the Northline Transit Center in out to determine the cost of the northern suburbs. The 8.5km cancellation versus the cost of (5.3-mile) line cost USD756m, completion. Cincinnati’s new and good construction progress Mayor, John Cranley, indicated saw the opening brought forward that his main area of concern from 2014. was ongoing revenue subsidy of After crossing the Burnett up to USD2.4m/year. Street overpass, with one Regional transit authority elevated station giving views SORTA has announced that of the Houston skyline, the it will assume responsibility route is street-based in Main St, for the operating costs on the Boundary St and Fulton St. It 5.8km (3.6-mile) line, based will be operated as an extension on assurances of private sector of the existing 12km (7.5-mile) Houston LRV 219 carried a special Christmas livery to mark the contributions. The Haile Red line, which opened in opening of the North line. G. Delaughter Foundation (an independent 2004. Service is provided 05.30 foundation dedicated to to 00.00 on weekdays, with Houston is building two six miles). MTA has boosted its enhancing the quality of services every six minutes at peak further lines for completion in fleet of SiemensS70 Avanto LRVs life for residents of Greater periods. A 20-minute Sunday 2014, to serve East End (5km/ from 18 to 37, and has 39 more Cincinnati) has committed service is offered. three miles) and Southeast (10km/ cars on order from CAF. USD900 000/year towards operating costs. Auditors KPMG reported on 18 December that it would De Lijn moves to create northern Brussels network cost USD80m to cancel the project (including USD34m in ’s Flemish government payments already made), and has given the go-ahead for a 60km USD105m to complete. (37-mile), EUR500m, standard- The City Council Streetcar gauge tramway network, Committee voted 6-3 on enabling regional operator De 19 December to continue; the Lijn to serve the north of Brussels Mayor announced he agreed and adjacent region. Some 45km in a press conference the (28 miles) is planned as new build same day, but has since given with 15km (nine miles) of shared interviews to show he is still operation with trams from not entirely supportive of the Brussels operator STIB. scheme. “I think the project is The first line is to run to Meise wasteful,” Cranley told local and Willebroek alongside the media. “I think we would have A12 motorway, starting from been better off making the a terminus at Noordstation. hard decision to cut bait.” He Next will follow a line linking added: “Obviously, since the Noordstation and Zaventem supermajority of council went airport via the NATO HQ. Finally against my wishes, I have to an orbital line will link Zaventem respect the process. So I’m not airport to Jette via Vilvoorde. going to try to sabotage the STIB Vice-President Ridouane streetcar.” Chahid said the network must be “The streetcar is basically a part of an integrated transport luxury item that people believe system; unlike the De Lijn may or may not spur economic currently serving Brussels from development. No-one really outside the city. The new network believes it’s a transportation should not compete with STIB. system. Even the supporters say The Brussels tramway operator is it’s a luxury item that will make considering its own route tramline our city ‘cool’. Buses get people 62 to NATO and Zaventem. from their homes to their jobs.” Local authority consultation Work resumed on 2 January; will now begin, with the intention September 2016 is the new of realising the plans by 2020. Map of planned tramways in the Brussels region. De Lijn target for opening.

www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org FEBRUARY 2014 / 45 News Manchester’s next opening: The proposed Metrolink extension to the Oldham to go live in January Trafford Centre; if approved, the UK’s biggest LRT network continues to develop; new routes could open in 2016 and 2019 route could open in 2019. TfGM

ram services are to start on ’s Oldham town centre line (UK) Ton 27 January, provided there are no unexpected weather-related issues in preceding weeks. The new line has four stops, Westwood, Oldham King Street, Oldham Central and Oldham Mumps, with the latter integrating tram and bus services and providing a new park-and-ride site. Connecting the new route to the network required a week-long closure between Central Park and Rochdale Railway Station, which was to start on 18 January with tram replacement bus services. Use of the old rail alignment between Werneth and Mumps and the temporary station at Mumps will cease after operation on 17 January. St Peter’s Square, then along the staff halt for the adjoining Road and then run through the The Oldham Loop line closed Princess Street, Cross Street and Metrolink depot. Village area of Trafford Park to rail services in October 2009. Corporation Street. The new Trams could run to the before crossing Parkway Circle More than 1.2m journeys were route is to re-join the existing line Trafford Centre before the and the Bridgewater Canal. Stops made on it in its last year as a rail just outside Victoria station. New end of 2019. Transport for would be located at Wharfside for line, compared to more than 2.5m stops will be built in Exchange Greater Manchester has assessed Old Trafford, the Imperial War in its first full year as a tramline. Square and St Peter’s Square. a report into an initial 5.5km Museum North, Trafford Park Work to deliver greater capacity The new Queens Road stop (around 3.4-mile) extension Village, Parkway, EventCity and in Manchester city centre was opened on 16 December and from Pomona through Trafford the Trafford Centre. due to begin on 6 January. replaced Woodlands Road, Park to the Trafford Centre, The Greater Manchester The three-year Second City which closed on 13 December. with the possibility of further Combined Authority has Crossing (2CC) programme Woodlands Road had latterly extension. The route would run approved initial funding, will see construction along the only been open during off-peak alongside the Manchester Ship including an order for ten new new route from Lower Mosley daytime hours Mondays-Fridays. Canal before following Trafford Bombardier M5000 trams on top Street through a redesigned The Queens Road stop replaces Wharf Road and Warren Bruce of the 94 already ordered.

Tenders in for Annaba system, as Mülheim agrees Algerian expansion continues tramway compromise Nine tenders have been Planning studies for two received for the construction completely new tramway Controversy over the future of the Line 110 will be withdrawn, and equipment of the proposed systems – the 21st and 22nd for tramway in Mülheim an der Ruhr but every second tram on line tramway in Annaba (Algeria), Algeria – have been launched (Germany) flared up again on 1 104 will be diverted to cover including from Korean, in the cities of Jijel and December, with the Nordrhein- the section between Wertgasse Chinese, Spanish, Portuguese, Relizane. Westfalen state government and Hauptfriedhof. The section Romanian and French/Turkish again ordering that the system be to Styrum will be replaced by consortia. Rolling stock is retained as the backbone of the extending bus 90. Line 102 will to come from the new joint network. be cut back from Uhlenhorst to venture factory that Alstom is The regional Bezirksregierung Broich Waldschlösschen. building in Annaba. has threatened to take back Once agreement has been Elsewhere in the country, EUR16m already paid for reached with Oberhausen, line 112 tenders have been invited improvement works, however will be extended from Kaiserplatz for extensions of the Oran it has now compromised to to Hauptfriedhof, leaving all line tramway (currently around the extent of not requiring the 104 trams on Wertgasse. 19km/12 miles) to Bir El-Djir in Airport line to be re-opened (it has Following these moves, MVG the east, and the airport to the been closed for more than a year). increased its order for 30m three- south, which would add 13km The city council met on 16 section Classic (eight miles) to the system. Oran’s tramway, opened in 2013, is December to consider adopting a trams from five to 15. Delivery Tenders are also to be invited already planning to grow. new transport plan and decided will start in 2015; the ten extra for a 17km (10.5-mile) metro. D. Spencer/PMP Transport Archive to accept the compromise. trams are costing EUR27m.

46 / FEBRUARY 2014 www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org Loan for stock Transport for London (UK) Paris T6 to open – with has signed a further corporate loan facility with the European Investment Bank for up to GBP500m (around EUR598m) to 46m Translohr vehicles help finance the rolling stock and depot for Crossrail. 14km rubber-tyred line to connect Metro and RER stations by late 2014 Crossrail stock will comprise around 600 EMU cars, with Bombardier, CAF and Hitachi Rail he new EUR384m line Europe the preferred bidders; the T6 in Paris is to open in loan will provide around half the late 2014 – and will be estimated cost. Contracts are to worked by Translohr be placed this year for delivery to STE6T 46m six-section rubber- start in 2017. tyred vehicles. The 28 vehicles Skopje calls for tram PPP will operate from a new depot at Macedonia’s capital Skopje is Vélizy-Villacoublay. calling for tenders for a contract Under construction in the estimated at EUR243m for the western suburbs of the French design, build, finance, operation capital since July 2010, the 14km and transfer of an LRT system. The PPP contract is to be for a 12km (nine-mile) T6 will link the The 46m Translohr delivered to Paris for line T6. Alstom (7.5-mile) route, complete with at Châtillon-Montrouge terminus least 22 trams, depot and stops; the of Metro line 13 with Vélizy and is said to explain the choice of of the Translohr units in operation concession could last for 35 years. Viroflay RER line C station. rubber-tyred technology. since July 2013 on line T5. T6 will eventually have an Homologation testing Some 82 000 passengers/day Alstom and partner to end-to-end running time of 40 began in November 2013, and are expected, with a car every supply Chinese metros minutes, and will feature a 1.6km once achieved, delivery of the four minutes at peaks. Traction equipment worth EUR75m is to be supplied by (one-mile) subway between remaining 27 STE6 should be The French state is putting Alstom with its local joint venture Viroflay Rive Gauche and Viroflay complete in September. The EUR61.6m towards the project, Île- Satee for more than 550 trains to Rive Droite; construction here rolling stock cost is EUR137m. de-France EUR190.6m, the council be used on metro lines in Chengdu did not start until 2011, and this Each 2.2m-wide vehicle can of Hauts-de-Seine EUR76.4m and and Xi’an in China. The equipment section will not open until 2015. carry up to 252 passengers (60 Yvelines EUR52.1m. The balance is to be built in China. The 9.5% ramp into the subway seated); they are a longer version will come from RATP.

Funding granted for Odense LRT

The Danish Government has signed an agreement with Odense City Council that will see DKK 1.1bn (EUR147m) in national funding put towards the construction of a 14.7km (nine-mile) light rail line in 2016-2020. The city council will provide DKK600m (EUR80m) and Syddanmark region DKK2.4bn (EUR32m). The line will connect Tarup in the north with Hjallese in the south via the central station and university, carrying 10-11m passengers/year. A second phase, 6.3km (3.9 miles) from Vollsmose to Zoo is planned. Systra was appointed technical consultant and Parsons Brinckerhoff as project manager in 2012. Odense has a population of 193 700 and the city aims to increase the modal share carried Odense: The two phases by public transport by 200% by of the planned tramway. 2025. This is the third Danish Odense Letbane LRT project to be approved, after København’s Ring 3 line, and Letbane (first phase) the tram-train in Århus. Odense Letbane (second phase) had a first-generation tramway Interchange with regional system from 1911 to 1952. and long-distance trains

www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org FEBRUARY 2014 / 47 News Latvian LU to re-let signalling contract tram TfL changes tack on Tube modernisation, and receives 1000th SSR car contract ransport for London is to re-let the contract for re-signalling of the cancelled Circle, District, HammersmithT & City and Daugavpils city council is Metropolitan lines, which had expected to launch a new been due to be undertaken by competition to supply trams Bombardier. to Latvia’s second-largest city, The firm has already following disagreement with the undertaken preparatory work firm Belkommunmash on the project, which is to see over the delivery of 12 new signalling modernised on 40% vehicles. of the London Undergound One BKM 62103 tram was network. A new control centre delivered in September - the has already been built. contract was originally planned The move was announced in to be completed by 31 October. a statement on 31 December, in which LU’s Managing Director, Mike Brown, said: “This is the right decision to make for London Underground and for Londoners. We have been working closely with Bombardier to find a way London Underground Chief Operating Officer Phil Hufton (left) is presented forward on what is one of the with the 1000th SSR car built at Bombardier’s Derby works by Bombardier UK most challenging and complex Managing Director Francis Paonessa on 12 December 2013. Bombardier pieces of work on the Tube. “However it has become “I look forward, of course, on the and apparent to both parties that to continuing to working with are now being introduced on The first Belkommunmash tram arrived in Daugavpils on 25 September. for the work to be completed Bombardier who are delivering other parts of the Sub-Surface It may now be the only one. within or close to the planned the walk-through air-conditioned Railway lines. A. Zubtickis deadline, we need to push trains that will serve all four Tha manufacturer marked the on with works with another Sub-Surface lines by 2016.” delivery of the thousandth of Stuttgart exercises first contractor. Enabling works Bombardier is currently in the planned 1395 S-Stock cars in Tango LRV option already completed by LU and the process of delivering 191 a special ceremony at its Stuttgarter Strassenbahnen Bombardier can be utilised when new S-Stock trains to London; Litchurch Lane works in Derby (SSB) has exercised an option for works recommence next year. the vehicles are already in place on 12 December 2013. a further 20 S-DT8.12 high-floor trams, adding to 20 operating in the German city since autumn 2013. A spares package forms part of the EUR73m contract. Deliveries NEWS IN PICTURES will commence in mid-2016. The S-DT8.12 is based on the Tango and in SSB configuration is 39.1m long, with a maximum speed of 80km/h (50mph). The air- conditioned bi-directional vehicle has eight independently-powered axles with a capacity for 250 passengers, including 106 seats. “The vehicles are easy to adapt to the existing city infrastructure and are ideally suited to conditions on the Stuttgart tram network. They can handle tight bends and gradients of up to 9%,” explained Michael Daum of Stadler Pankow. Dundee decision disappoints TramForward The Light Rail Transit Association’s campaigning arm has expressed disappointment at a Dundee City Council decision (UK) to reject a proposal for a circular tourist tram route. Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority unveiled the first Kawasaki 7000-Series metro set for the Washington It is suggested that the scheme’s metro at Greenbelt station on 6 January. WMATA ordered 428 cars (to operate in coupled four-car sets) in a USD886m initial phase could be delivered for deal in May 2010, adding a further 100 cars in May 2013. around GBP20m (EUR24m), with The first four-car set, 7004-7, is about to start system testing, which will inform Kawasaki’s final design. Series minimal disruption. Later the line production of the 23m long, 3.1m wide cars is expected to begin at Kawasaki’s plant in Lincoln, Nebraska in the summer, could be extended and even form with the first vehicles entering service in late 2014. the basis of a city centre circulator Unlike earlier vehicles, which have a brown cab front, 7000-Series cars have a black front with Metro’s ‘M’ logo on the for future tram-train services. bulkhead door. Pic: B. Schumin

48 / FEBRUARY 2014 www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org Advertorial

FUND FOR THE ENHANCEMENT OF COMPETITION IN THE FRENCH PUBLIC TRANSPORT SECTOR: Operators bidding for certain urban transport contracts in France over the 2012-2016 period should be entitled, under certain conditions, to the compensation of all or part of their bidding costs.

n the context of the French concerned in order to contribute to as to increase the number of bidders and Competition Authority’s decision the payment of all or part of outside enhance competition between them). no. 10-DCC-198 of 30 December consulting costs). The above mentioned fund relates 2010, a fund has been put in place To contribute to the compensation, by to the contracts which will be put to to enhance competition in the the PTAs concerned, of bidding costs tender between 2012 and 2016 for the urbanI transport services sector, with a view: incurred by players challenging the operation of 44 urban transport networks, To finance consulting services incumbent operator (grant of lump which are currently operated by purchased by public transport sums to the PTAs concerned in order VEOLIA TRANSDEV and/or its affiliates/ authorities (“PTA”) concerned, so as to to contribute to the compensation by subsidiaries1. strengthen the role of such PTAs in the such PTAs of all or part of the bidding effectiveness of the tender procedures costs incurred by unsuccessful bidders For the period from 2014 to 2015, the (grant of lump sums to the PTAs other than the incumbent operator, so contracts concerned are listed below:

URBAN TRANSPORT NETWORK DATE OF EXPIRY OF CURRENT CONTRACT Arcachon 28/02/2014 La Ciotat 31/07/2014 Louviers 31/08/2014 Saint-Avold 31/08/2014 Annonay 31/08/2014 Chamonix 30/11/2014 Chartres 31/12/2014 Antibes 30/06/2015 Creusot-Montceau-les-Mines 31/07/2015 Epernay 31/07/2015 Vannes 31/08/2015 St Dié-des-Vosges 31/08/2015 Calais 31/12/2015 Fos-sur-Mer / Istres 31/12/2015 Ajaccio 31/12/2015 Beauvais 31/12/2015 Thonon-les-Bains 31/12/2015

1 The detailed description of the fund is attached FOR FURTHER INFORMATION to the decision of the French Competition Authority no. 10-DCC-198 of 30 December Operators interested may contact the relevant PTAs or the Manager in charge of the operation of the fund, under the supervision of the Trustee appointed by the French 2010 relating to the setting-up of a joint venture Competition Authority: between Veolia Environnement and Caisse des Dépôts et Consignations, available on the

Mr Gilles Panetto / Mme Caroline Montane (Tel: +33 1 58 19 30 42 / +33 1 58 19 34 67) Authority’s website at:

[email protected] / [email protected] Natixis, 68-76 quai de la Rapée 75012 Paris www.autoritedelaconcurrence.fr/user/ avisdec.php?numero=10-DCC-198.

www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org FEBRUARY 2013 / 49 FOR BOOKINGS AND SPONSORSHIP OPPORTUNITIES CALL +44 (0) 1733 367603

11-12 June 2014 – Nottingham, UK

2014 Nottingham Conference Centre

OVER 65 SPEAKERS AND PANELLISTS – INCLUDING: ❱ Howard Smith: Operations Director, Crossrail ❱ David Hand: Divisional Director & LRT Practice Leader, Mott MacDonald ❱ Councillor Jane Urquhart: Portfolio Holder for Planning and ❱ Matthew Hudson: Head of Business Development, Customer Transportation, Nottingham City Council Experience, Transport for London ❱ Phil Hewitt: Chief Executive, Nottingham ❱ James Hammett: General Manager, UKTram ❱ Nils Jänig: Deputy Director, TransportTechnologie-Consult Karlsruhe ❱ Paul Griffiths: Metro Programme Director, Centro ❱ Chris Coleman: Managing Director, Metrolink RATP Dev ❱ Mark Cartwright: General Manager, RTIG-Inform

❱ LRT’s strategic role as a city-building tool ❱ Marketing: Getting road users onto public transport ❱ Tramways as creators of green corridors ❱ Manchester Metrolink expansion: The ‘Network Effect’ ❱ The value of small-start/heritage systems ❱ The role of social media and new technology ❱ Funding light rail in a climate of austerity ❱ Ticketing and fare collection innovation ❱ HS2: A golden opportunity for light rail development ❱ Track and trackform: Challenges and solutions ❱ Beyond 2015: Where are the new UK systems? ❱ New perspectives on mixed fleet operations ❱ Future interchanges and additional revenue streams ❱ LRT vehicle design forum ❱ Tram-train: A proven model, so why wait for Sheffield? ❱ Safety and security forum ❱ RTPI: Giving our customers the right information ❱ UK project updates

SUPPORTED BY NEW TRAMWAYS FOR Michael Taplin gives his forecast for the year’s new openings; with 13 or 14 new systems on the cards, and on almost every continent, it looks like a very promising year…

2014s it turns out, the predictions In Spain, the Cadiz tram-train scheme 2015 is the latest prediction; 15 CAF Urbos from a year ago were not as has ground to a halt as regional government 3 trams have been built, but only one (301) accurate as one might hope. The funding has dried up; you can find broad-gauge delivered, as the depot is incomplete. The economic crisis still prevailing tram track on the streets of San Fernando, but others are stored at the manufacturer’s in southern Europe continued when it will be used is anyone’s guess. Vehicle Andalusian facility at Linares. toA thwart politicians’ ambitions, and some testing with the seven dual-voltage trains Missing from my article relating to 2013 tough decisions had to be made. However, the continues on other parts of the network. was the city centre circular in the Turkish year offered a few surprises too. On the island of Mallorca, the Manacor city of Bursa (covered in TAUT 912), and the The opening of the Palermo tramway – Arta scheme has been abandoned, despite opening of the first mainland Chinese system in has now been postponed to 2015, being 60% complete, and the six tram-trains of the modern era in Shenyang (TAUT 910). despite a fleet of BombardierFlexity trams are now used to provide extra limited-stop This year looks like the year of the small standing in the depots for more than two departures on the electrified Mallorca tramway, with three US city centre circulators years, due to political wranglings and slower railway. A third Spanish scheme, in Granada, due to open, and two low-cost tramways in than expected infrastructure works. did not open either, and it seems February France, all worked by trams of 22m or less.

Hardy Ivy I-75 Park

Streetcar route

Centennial I-85 Olympic Streetcar stop Park MARTA connection

Carnegie MARTA at Spring

Peachtree Center Express bus Station

Luckie at Cone Peachtree Center

Martin Luther King, Jr Memorial Park Woodruff Park Auburn at Piedmont Dobbs Plaza King Historic District

John Calhoun Dobbs Plaza Park Place Park Woodruff Park

Hurt Park Sweet Auburn Market Edgewood at Hilliard

Selena S. Butler Park

In September 2010, federal The 4.3km (2.7-mile) loop will depot is being erected under a ATLANTA funding in the form of a serve Peachtree Center metro section of elevated motorway The state capital of USD47m (EUR34.5m) TIGER II station, Ellis Street, Carnegie on Edgewood. (population 432 500) has been grant was announced and Way, Olympic Centennial Park, Completion is due by served by a metro since 1979, nine months later Siemens Luckie Street, Pryor Street, 30 April 2014, and the tram will and operated a first generation was awarded a USD17.2m Edgewood Ave, Jackson Street offer free rides for three months tramway from 1871 until 1949. (EUR12.6m) contract to build and Auburn Avenue. when it opens in the summer, In 2009 plans were developed four trams, based on its S70 LRV There was a ground-breaking providing a 15-minute service. for an east–west modern design that has found success ceremony on 26 June 2013, A second phase is planned tramway loop in the city centre, in other US cities in a larger although work had been to take the line north past Arts estimated at USD90m (EUR66m). capacity variant. underway for several months. A Center to Five Points.

www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org FEBRUARY 2014 / 51 New tramways for 2014

AUBAGNE Approximately 27km (17 miles) east of Marseille, Aubagne is the sixth largest city in the département of Bouches-du-Rhône with a population of 46 000, and is famous for housing the headquarters of the French Foreign Legion. Public transport in the city has been operated free of charge since 2000. An tramway provided a link between Aubagne and Marseille from 1905 to 1958, when it was cut back to form Marseille’s only surviving tramway, route 68. The urban transport plan adopted in 2006 included a dedicated east–west transit corridor, and consultation in 2009 was on the basis that this would be a low-cost tramway. The versement transport tax was increased to 1.8% in 2010 to raise 15% of the funding. The 14km (8.7-mile) two-line system is estimated to cost EUR166.5m, with a state grant of EUR13.76m and EUR30m from the On 5 October 2011 an order was placed The exterior and interior of the new Citadis region and department; 7% of the cost will with Alstom for eight 22m x 2.4m Citadis Compact for Aubagne. Aubagne.fr/Alstom come from the municipality and 45% from Compact low-floor cars for delivery in 2014, a 35-year loan. with options for a further 5-10 trams. Each Following the public inquiry, the will cost EUR1.75m, and accommodate 125 declaration of public interest came on passengers (35 seated); 16 000 passengers/ 1 February 2013, permitting work to start day are expected on the tram service, which on the first section to be built, from Gare will also be offered free of charge. SNCF to Le Charrel (2.8km/1.7 miles). This The first tram was unveiled at Alstom’s is expected to open in December 2014, La Rochelle factory on 14 November 2013, followed by service to Les Paluds in 2016 decorated in a livery by artist Hervé di Rosa, and La Penne-sur-Huveaune in 2019. who was born in the south of France.

For a while guided trolleybus seemed to be the favoured option, BESANÇON but after public consultation in 2008 and further evaluation it Besançon (population 237 000) is the capital of the Franche-Comté was decided to go ahead with a two-line low-cost tramway, and region in eastern France, lying close to the border with Switzerland. plans were submitted in July 2009. The Minister of Culture was not It is a city of seven hills, ranging from 371-500m above sea level. convinced that introducing overhead wire into the old city centre As is usual in France, Grand Besançon is an area covering 11 and its narrow streets was acceptable, and since a surface contact municipalities that together form an agglomération for transport and system would have increased costs too much, an alternative other purposes. A first-generation tramway ran from 1897 to 1952. route was substituted between Battant and Place de la Révolution. By 2000 the bus system was carrying 90 000 passengers/day, The declaration of public utility came in July 2010, and work began comparable with other cities such as Caen and Reims. Politicians in autumn 2010. cast wistful eyes at the fixed track transport systems in other cities The scheme was estimated to cost EUR228m (2008 prices), and in 2004 commissioned a study to see if they could have one too. with 50% of the cost coming from loans, 25% from the versement The report recommended a two-line system and this was adopted transport employment levy, EUR0.9m from European funds, into the transport plan in December 2005, while debate continued EUR30.1m from the state, and EUR20m from the city. Updated on whether a tramway or bus was the best solution. out-turn cost looks like EUR248m. There are five park-and-ride sites and 43 000 passengers/day are anticipated. This money is delivering 14.5km (nine miles) of standard-gauge tramway (all but a short section is double track) with 31 stops linking Hauts-du-Chazal and Chalezeule, divided into separate construction contracts; project management is being handled by Egis Rail. A fleet of 19 23m x 2.4 m three-section trams was ordered from CAF for EUR34.8m, a price that beat six other tenders, including one from Alstom. CAF agreed that the trams would be assembled on French soil in old Soulé railway workshops at Bagneres-de- Bigorre. The first of the turquoise-blue trams (each carries 132 passengers) was delivered on 6 June 2013. Unlike most systems fleet numbers are not visibly used, but each tram is named after a notable local figure (one suspects there are fleet numbers in the background for control and maintenance purposes). Seven trams had been delivered by the end of November. The EUR12m depot and control centre is at Hauts du Chazal. Originally planned to open in December 2014, it now seems that the Besançon trams will be carrying passengers in September this year, operating under the name of the city bus organisation Although Besançon’s narrow streets – often no more than 12m from façade to GINKO. Another 23km (14.38 miles) of tramway is planned, but façade – can prove challenging to tramway designers, the benefit is that wider not yet financed. landscaping is not required, helping to reduce the overall project cost. P. Miroudot Read more on the Besancon tramway project in TAUT 898.

52 / FEBRUARY 2014 www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org DALLAS (OAK CLIFF) Tracklaying for the , connecting downtown Oak Cliff is a district of Dallas that was to the Oak Cliff district of the city, annexed by the city in 1903, and used in late December 2013. DART to be served by the North Texas Traction Company connecting Dallas and Fort Worth; its current population is 290 000. In December 2010 the Federal Transit Administration awarded the joint endeavour of the City of Dallas, the North Central Texas Council of Governments and Dallas Area Rapid Transit (DART) a USD23m (EUR17m) grant under the TIGER programme help finance a USD58.6m (EUR43m), 2.6km (1.6-mile), street-based tramline from Union Station in central Dallas across the trinity River on the Houston St Bridge to Colorado Blvd in Oak Cliff. After ground-breaking in May, the first rails were laid in September 2013, and of two 20.3m three-section double-ended capable of operating off-wire on the bridge. construction should be completed by low-floor trams (with an option for two The contract was valued at USD9.4m October 2014. Whether passenger service more) to a new design from Brookville (EUR6.9m). Plans to extend the route are will start in 2014 depends upon the delivery Equipment Corporation called Liberty, already in the pipeline.

Although three years late in its delivery, the Al Suofuh tramway will be a technologically- advanced system with the first application of Alstom’s APS ground supply system outside Europe. Alstom/RTA

DUBAI

Project delays are not a uniquely Spanish problem. Dubai’s Al doors, a necessity where summer temperatures regularly reach Sufouh tramway should have been carrying passengers in April 40ºC. This requires a CBTC train control system. 2011, but will finally open this year, over three years late, due to A small initial fleet of 11 44mCitadis trams accommodating up lack of finance at a critical period. At that time, in 2010, the Roads & to 305 passengers would be delivered for the first phase, with 25 Transport Authority that is funding the scheme had to concentrate required in total. Each will have one section dedicated to women its budget on completing its impressive two-line Metro project. and children, and a Golden Suite (First Class). Trams for Dubai were first suggested in June 2006, when SYSTRA Work began in January 2009 and in September 2013 Serco was was appointed to conduct a feasibility study. The development of an awarded a 75-month operating contract (including 15 months LRT network was unveiled in March 2007, when Dubai said it needed leading up to the opening, which puts the start of public service to cope with travel demand increasing from 5.1 to 21.9m trips/day, in November 2014). The firstCitadis was presented at Alstom’s La unacceptable for the Emirate’s road network. In addition to 75km Rochelle plant in June 2013, and was due to start testing in January. (46 miles) of metro already under construction, and 243km (150 miles) The first stage, 9.5km/5.9 miles (plus a 1.1km/0.7-mile link to the planned, 268km (166.5 miles) of light rail was envisaged to feed it. depot), will run at ground level from Jumeirah Lakes, and then on In April 2008 the RTA announced that a consortium of Alstom, 2.6km (1.6 miles) of elevated viaduct through the Marina district to Besix and Serco had been selected to build the EUR500m first stage reach Jumeirah Beach Rd terminating at Knowledge Village. of what was then known as the Yellow line. The whole line would The second phase, bringing the line to 14.5km (nine miles), will be equipped with Alstom’s APS surface current collection system, run from Knowledge Village past the depot to reach Mall of the and each of the 19 stops would be equipped with air-conditioned Emirates. Each end will connect with the metro Red line, and there passenger shelters with sliding doors that aligned with the tram will also be interchange with the .

www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org FEBRUARY 2014 / 53 New tramways for 2014

EDINBURGH Work began in 2007 with GBP776m (EUR927m), and the the overhead was energised by completion programmed for last of the roadworks that had 19 November, permitting trams If there is a theme for summer 2011. By that time been a feature of the city centre to run between the two termini 2014, perhaps it should be the project was far from being for five years was cleared on 19 from December for testing and tramways opening late. The finished, due to disputes October 2013. training purposes. epic challenges to keep the between the city council and The trams will be operated From the oversized fleet, 17 Edinburgh Trams project on the BSC consortium (Bilfinger by Edinburgh Trams Ltd, a trams will provide the initial track have been well recorded Berger, Siemens, and CAF), company owned by the city service, with a peak frequency in our news pages, but now test and the final cost had risen to council (which also owns the of eight trams per hour. Fares trams are running the length of GBP770m (EUR914m) for the bus operator ). and ticketing will be integrated the line. Passenger service this truncated line. Driver training between the with Lothian Buses. year seems a certainty, although The city council resolved to airport and the depot began in Read more on Edinburgh Trams’ exactly when is still somewhat continue with a final budget of autumn 2013, and the whole of testing programme from page 57. of a mystery as ambitions remain for an opening ahead of the announced May 2014 date. Edinburgh, the Scottish capital on the south side of the Firth of Forth, has a population of 495 000. Its 14km (8.7-mile) line connecting the airport and western suburbs with York Place in the city centre is a truncated version of of a much larger scheme that was originally proposed in 2001. A more extensive route from St Andrew Square to Newhaven via Walk was dropped in order to keep the curtailed line within financial limits. When that decision was taken in April 2009, a contract had already been signed with CAF for 27 42.8m trams (enough to run the whole system) and these have now all been delivered to depot, some after a period of storage in Spain. Legal authority to build the tramway was given in May 2006; the cost of the line was put at GBP498m (EUR600m), with a GBP375m (EUR452m) grant After years of controversy, Edinburgh’s tramway is now on the final stretch for an opening in late spring/early summer. from the . CAF tram 277 is test running on approach to park-and-ride in October 2013. D. Clarke

94km (58.4 miles) south of In 2018 the city will host the Paradise resort (based on the GOLD COAST Brisbane, and one of the fastest Commonwealth Games. original 1920 hotel of that The Gold Coast is a city on growing cities in Australia, Although Gold Coast is name), a feasibility study ’s eastern coast, with a population of 592 000. best known for the Surfers started in 2001 identified the Southport (Griffith University) to Broadreach corridor for a light rail line. A commitment was given by the Queensland government in 2009, and work on the AUD1.6bn (EUR1.04bn) project for a 13km (8.1-mile) tramway started in July 2010. A full and detailed description was given by Phil Mumford, CEO of the GoldLinQ consortium responsible for delivering the system in TAUT 911. Bombardier is delivering 14 Flexity 2 trams from Germany, and testing of the first car from Southport depot started in October 2013. Passenger service is expected to start in mid-2014.

Bombardier Flexity 2 for the Gold Coast system. Bombardier

54 / FEBRUARY 2014 www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org MÁLAGA One Spanish tramway that will open this year, albeit after much delay, is the system in the coastal city of Málaga (population 550 000) on the Costa del Sol. But is it truly a tramway? Around 80% has been built in subway, and the city claims it as a metro. However, the CAF low-floorUrbos trams are identical to those being delivered to Granada and already running on the surface tramway in Sevilla, and a recently announced change to the Málaga project will see trams on the surface in the city centre as well as in the outer suburbs. Construction of the 12km (7.5-mile) standard-gauge system started in autumn 2005, after the legal go-ahead came in June 2004, and opening was predicted for November 2011. The original estimated cost was EUR403m, but this has ballooned to around EUR760m; EUR46m is coming from the European Investment Bank. Two lines, sharing a 2.9km (1.8-mile) common section under the city centre, will run to Andalucía Tech (line 1, 7.5km, 4.7 miles) and Palacio de los Deportes (, Malaga CAF Urbos 3 305 in the depot. The fourth digit is used to number the body sections. Thomas Fischer 4.4km/2.7-mile branch), originally from a planned underground terminus at La completed subway station at Guadalmedina with 65m platforms so that coupled sets of Malgueta in the city centre. and a surface tramway laid to a new city CAF trams can be used and 14 five-section The tunnels were built, apart from the terminus at Atarazanas (Hospital Civil). 32.4m low-floor trams (301-314) have been last 2km (1.2 miles) in the centre and The line 2 branch is completely in delivered with full-scale testing beginning with the project budget depleted, the city subway. Line 1 will have five surface in August 2013. council decided in September 2013 that stations between Universidad and It is hoped to inaugurate passenger there would be no more digging. Instead Andalusia tech, with the depot beyond the service from Gaudalmedina this summer, a ramp will be built beyond the last outer terminus. Stations have been built with the surface section opening in 2017.

In December 2010, a USD63m August 2013, about six months later than TUCSON (EUR46.3m) federal TIGER grant was given scheduled, and testing is now in progress. Tucson, a city of 520 000, is the county to the project, plus an additional USD6m The new depot has been built at the corner town of Pima County in Arizona. Sometime (EUR4.4m) through the FTA New Starts of 5th Ave and 8th St, linking to the line in part of Mexico, today the city lies 96km programme. The County is contributing 4th Ave. Part of the line is built where tracks (60 miles) north of the border, it has a desert USD75m (EUR55m) and Tucson Water is for the Old Pueblo Trolley heritage tramway climate. Around 40% of the population uses putting USD10m (EUR7.4m) towards utility ran from 1993 to 2011. It is not yet clear if Spanish as their first language. relocation. Construction started in April the heritage trams will be able to operate on The regional transport plan approved in 2012 and was completed in October 2013. the new tramway. 2006 included plans for a 6.2km (3.85-mile) A USD26m (EUR19.1m) order for A USD2.5m (EUR1.8m) operations and modern tramway linking the University seven three-section double-ended 20.1m maintenance contract has been signed with Medical Center, University of Arizona, 4th low-floor trams was placed with United RATP Dev McDonald Transit for three years, Avenue, the city centre, Convention Center Streetcar in June 2010, and an eighth tram with an option to extend it to eight years. and Congress St in the developing Mercado costing USD3.6m (EUR2.6m) was added Passenger service on the district and including 18 stops. in 2012. The first arrived in the city on 30 Streetcar should start in summer 2014.

Helen St.

2nd St.

University Blvd. Ave. Warren

4th St. Main Gate Sq. 5th St. 6th St. 7th St. 8th St. 9th St.

6th Ave. 5th Church Ave. Stone Ave. Ave. Congress St. Congress St. Broadway Blvd. Linda Ave. Sun Link Streetcar route Stop Cushing St. Maintenance and storage facility Luis G. Gutierrez bridge Avenida del Convento

Santa Cruz Tucson 101 on test. E. B. Havens River

www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org FEBRUARY 2014 / 55 New tramways for 2014

WASHINGTON, DC The US capital, population 632 000, (EUR142m), and an order placed with will just be used as a test track, while the formally the District of Columbia, is United Streetcar for three more trams. This introduction of passenger service on known in tramway circles for 100 years had to be cancelled after Inekon objected to H Street/Benning Rd has slipped to spring of tramways (1862-1962), ending up with the process. 2014 (or whenever the United Streetcar a fleet of PCC cars that operated on the After rebidding, two trams were ordered trams arrive). Overhead was being erected conduit system in the central area due to an from United Streetcar for USD8.7m in November. 1889 city ordinance forbidding overhead (EUR6.4m). The total of five trams would The DDOT has consulted on a 59km wires. This is still in force, and may impact be enough to operate H Street/Benning Rd, (36.7-mile) network for the city, with 35km on what is emerging from the district’s but not to run Anacostia as well. A five-year (21.8 miles) designated a high priority. decision to bring back trams. operating contract with RATP Dev McDonald The latter are an extension of the H St line In January 2002 the District Department Transit was signed in 2012. west from Union Station to Georgetown, of Transportation (DDOT) initiated studies It seems that part of the Anacostia and a north-south line from Takoma or for a city-wide network, led by a starter line. line that has been built and electrified Silver Spring to the Southwest Waterfront. The feasibility report was favourable, and the city council approved USD310m (EUR227m) for the project in September 2002. The starter line was chosen to be 4.3km (2.7 miles) in Anacostia (across the river) using mostly abandoned rail right-of-way. Ground was broken in November 2004, but a dispute with mainline freight operator CSX about the old railway led to delays, and several revised plans, so completion was put off to 2012, with opening in 2013. Meanwhile, in 2006 three Inekon Trio 20.1m low-floor trams had been ordered and were completed in 2007. They were stored in the for over two years, before delivery to Washington in late 2009, then stored at a metro depot for lack of any tramway to run them. In 2010 the DDOT published a revised plan that added a line on H Street, where tram tracks had already been laid in part as part of a reconstruction of the street. This would link Union Station with Benning Rd. Since the former terminus would be in the wire-free zone, a special law had to be passed exempting just the H Street line. The budget for the two lines was settled at USD194m A Czech-built Inekon tram undergoing tests on H Street in late December 2013. Ken Briers

CHINA EXISTING LINES EXTENDING Following 2013’s first foray into modern light rail, with the opening of the initial lines With 13 or 14 new tramways on the starting on the Shenyang tramway in the Liaoning Province of north-eastern China, it is believed blocks, 2014 looks like it should be a good year, that three new tramway systems could to open in 2014, although official and news but there are many existing systems that will sources are still vague. open significant extensions in the coming 12 In the central south-western Sichuan Province, the capital Chengdu is building months as well. will extend its current light rail line a 20.2km (12.25-mile) line, reportedly running in the median of the city’s main to Dulwich Hill; Antwerpen should open at highways and featuring 19 stops. Passenger volume is anticipated to be between 3000- least part of its new line to Wommelgem; new 7000 passengers/hour. The city has shipped in a Vossloh-Kiepe Tramlink low-floor French extensions are expected in Bordeaux, demonstrator, and has a further 22 trams on order as it seeks to explore ambitions of a Grenoble, Lyon and Strasbourg. wider 86km (53.5-mile) network. In Germany, trams will at last reach Berlin The city of Nanjing, capital of Jiangsu Province and home to over eight million Hbf, while Bremen, Freiburg im Breisgau, and inhabitants, is looking to open two lines in 2014, using 15 catenary-free trams developed Hannover will also extend their systems. by locally-based manufacturer CSR Puzhen under a ten-year technology licence Debrecen line 2 should open in . Den Haag trams on line 19 will reach Technopole agreement with Bombardier. The 7.8km (4.8-mile) Hexi line is to receive eight of the 32m as well as welcoming a new fleet of Siemens Flexity 2-based low-floor trams and will serve a variety of science and technology facilities low-floor trams. running on a south-west–east alignment, with 13 stops that connect to the existing metro trams will start running past the opera lines 1 and 2. Opening is pencilled in for August. house and Stockholm will extend its Tvårbanen The 9km (5.6-mile) Qilin line in Nanjing, which features steep inclines and a partly at Solna. A new international line will take Basel elevated route, will receive seven vehicles. A reported 90% of the total route length is to be trams to Weil-im-Rhein in Germany. operated wire-free. Dallas will extend its McKinney Avenue A further 18 trams of the same type are due to be supplied to the city of Suzhou, also in heritage tramway to a new loop, interchanging Jiangsu Province on the eastern coast of China, where an 18km (11.2-mile) tramway with light rail, and the Central Corridor line linking Minneapolis and St Paul is the major US is under construction to serve the Suzhou National New & Hi-tech Industrial extension in 2014. Development Zone. In the UK, Nottingham hopes to start trams Groundbreaking for the seven-stop line was in September 2012 and opening is planned running across the new Karlsruhe Friendship for 2014. Designated T1, it is the first of six lines planned as the backbone of public Bridge at the railway station on line 2 before transport within the industrial development zone. the end of 2014.

56 / FEBRUARY 2014 www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org Edinburgh testing WHAT WE’VE BEEN WAITING FOR… EDINBURGH’S ALMOST READY TO ROLL Edinburgh 265 on on 17 December 2013, revealing the new livery and marking the first daylight running of a tram along the main thoroughfare of the Scottish capital in 57 years. Gavin Booth

Edinburgh’s tramway has faced a few difficult years and the initial section to the city centre ranks amongst the most expensive ever built. With the opening just months away, Howard Johnston discovers the senior launch team in buoyant mood.

onday 2 December 2013 was a General Manager Tom Norris, who is based at I’m also quietly confident about how we are landmark date in Edinburgh the Gogar operations centre on the western going to achieve it. Our aspiration is simple, as the first modern tram edge of the city. He believes his task is no to deliver a great customer offering, safely inched its way into the heart different to opening any new tramway and consistently while integrating our service of the Scottish capital. system: he is starting with a clean sheet. with Lothian Buses,” says Norris. MIn just four months time, the political There is a fully-equipped depot, some 120 He spoke to TAUT on the same day the frenzy, the years of contractual disputes and a hand-picked and enthusiastic staff, and first tram was gingerly making its historic hefty bill of GBP776m (approx. EUR927m) for a determination to win the hearts of the first outing from the safe haven of the 14.4km (8.7 miles) of line with 16 stops will travelling public. segregated track at Gogar. This initial journey hopefully be pushed to the back of our minds What visitors cannot help but notice took around four hours because passing when regular operations commence between however is the current high degree of every item of infrastructure had to be the city centre and . overcapacity as two-thirds of a possible carefully measured by a team of engineers It’s so far, so good with the trial running, network has so far not been built due to the to ensure that the tram’s journey would be initially carried out in the early morning project’s cost escalation. Fully maintaining within gauge. hours to avoid road traffic. In addition to a fleet of 27 ‘warm’ trams when only 17 will Norris represents Edinburgh Trams familiarising tram crews and operational staff be required for daily operations is a challenge Limited, a company wholly owned by City before the full service can be implemented, the in itself, so everyone is hoping for high of Edinburgh Council, and part of the system is undertaking emergency exercises, passenger demand, and political confidence new organisation and technical and infrastructure tests to make to press ahead quickly with extensions. that also encapsulates Lothian Buses. sure everything goes smoothly from day one. “Ownership is a good deal easier with a The integration of bus and tram as far as The problems of the past are not the new start-up. I’ve got a clear vision about practicable – not common practice across the concern of Edinburgh Trams Director and what is expected from Edinburgh Trams… border in England – makes economic sense.

www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org FEBRUARY 2014 / 57 Edinburgh testing

Broomhouse overhead wiring work using SRS Rail road-rail vehicles on 14 September 2013. Donald Stirling

High demand for jobs The negative publicity generated by the political and legal debacle over the last decade has not deterred people wanting to work for Edinburgh Trams. There were over 2500 applications for the 120 jobs on offer – drivers, onboard staff, and depot, control centre, maintenance and support personnel. “They have inspired us. Their help, support starting as a graduate trainee and then moving Of course, whether Edinburgh Trams will and advice has been magnificent.” on to be a duty manager at London’s busy prosper is still a relative unknown. How will What will the ridership figure be? No-one Waterloo station. A handful of management the reintroduction of a fixed track urban dare suggest an accurate figure, but what roles in London and the South East followed, transport mode affect travel habits firmly we do know is that the fare structure will including delivering operations on the established since the first generation tramway involve full integration with buses, and that and . Most was abandoned? Through journeys to most strict measures will be implemented to try recently, he was Head of Control and Current of the conurbation will still not be possible to maintain evasion at 3%, lower than any Operations Manager in the NR/Abellio Greater because so much of the proposed tramway other UK light rail business. On-tram security Anglia partnership that included successful network to Leith, the waterfront, and the has also been carefully thought out with a management of rail services for 2012 Olympic fringes still await approval. What is known Ticketing Services Assistant (TSA) planned to and Paralympic Games. is that the fast growth in car usage – and the be on every service. The role that Norris occupies now associated environmental effects – threatens wasn’t intended to exist when to throttle city centre roads within ten years. The UK’s youngest the Edinburgh tramway Tom Norris and his Edinburgh Trams tramway director was conceived 13 years ago team will use experience gained from many Still in his twenties, Tom Norris because Transdev originally months of exhaustive trial running within (a native of Perth, 70km/45 miles won the operating contract, the cozy confines of the 2.8km (1.7 miles) of north of Edinburgh), joined but lost it again during one segregated track between the Gogar depot Edinburgh Trams in November of the restructuring moves. and Edinburgh Airport, and also knowledge 2012. He is the youngest UK His paymaster is Transport for obtained from visiting other tramways in the tramway Executive Director by Edinburgh, a new organisation UK and Ireland. some considerable margin, but which is essentially an amalgam Norris acknowledges the generous has already earned his spurs with of the tramway and Lothian support given from London Tramlink extensive knowledge of heavy rail Ready for the Buses. He reports to the Chief (), Manchester Metrolink, Sheffield operations south of the border. challenge – Edinburgh Operating Officer of Transport for Supertram, Midland Metro (West Midlands), Upon leaving university he Trams’ Tom Norris. Edinburgh and as a member of Nottingham Tramlink, and Dublin Luas: spent five years with Network Rail, Howard Johnston the Edinburgh Trams Ltd Board

Edinburgh Airport Edinburgh St Andrew Gyle Park Station Murrayfield West End – Square York Gogarburn Centre Stadium Princes Street Waverley Place

 Edinburgh Bankhead Princes Street Ingliston Central Haymarket Park & Ride Gateway (opening 2016)

58 / FEBRUARY 2014 www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org EDINBURGH TIMELINE

1871 Edinburgh Corporation Tramways LEFT: Tram 264 was the opens for business. first to reach the centre of Edinburgh on the evening 1956 Edinburgh Tramway closes. of 4 December. It is in Shandwick Place, about to enter Princes Street for the 1999 Proposals unveiled for a new tram first time, with driver Billy network along Prince Street and to Adams at the controls. Newhaven by City of Edinburgh Council, Kirsty Livingstone Lothian and Edinburgh Enterprise and the New Edinburgh Tramways Company. BELOW: Edinburgh City Transport Convenor 2001 Scheme outlined for three lines from Lesley Hinds (third from the city centre, based on a circular route and left) welcomes the first to the airport, with branches to Newbridge and tram into York Place, along . with Chief Executive Sue Bruce, and project staff. 2004 15-year operating contract awarded Kirsty Livingstone to Transdev.

2006 Parliamentary approval granted for lines 1 and 2. Line 3 is abandoned after negative referendum on congestion charging to pay for it. Construction planned in three phases: – Phase 1a is 18.5km (11.5 miles) from Newhaven to Edinburgh Airport via Princes Street, combining parts of lines 1 and 2. – Phase 1b is 5.6km (3.5 miles) from Haymarket to Granton Square via . – Phase 2 is from Granton Square to Newhaven. – Phase 3 is an extension from the airport line to Newbridge.

2007 Costs spiral and the (SNP) urges cancellation of the scheme (with Edinburgh ) to save GBP1.1m. Airport – Leith line is reprieved and city council approves final business case. Transport Initiatives Edinburgh (wholly owned by the city council) signs contracts with CAF (trams), and BBS (Siemens and Bilfinger Berger) for the design and construction. Project budget is GBP498m. works closely with directors from Transport Section B1 is from the depot eastwards to for Edinburgh and Lothian Buses. Edinburgh Park main line station, which Construction begins with diversion of utilities on While Lothian and Edinburgh Trams will opened in 2003 to become an interchange line to Leith. Cost overruns force cancellation of line to Granton to save GBP75m. operate independently, trams and buses for the region’s business park with First will be aligned in terms of presence on the ScotRail services to Glasgow, and is expected street, and their core financial and strategic to do good tram business. For safety reasons, 2008 Final contract awarded to BSC (Bilfinger Berger, Siemens and CAF). Long management. An early example of how this only 35km/h (22mph) will be achieved here. delays follow after disputes over complexity of partnership is working well is with tram crew Finally, Section C is from Edinburgh Park to groundworks. TIE has three chairmen in seven training. Drivers have been utilising Lothian the York Place terminus in the city centre. months, Willie Gallagher, David Mackay and Buses expertise and training facilities to study When opened to the public, Edinburgh Richard Jeffrey. street habits such as traffic pinch-points Trams will offer a peak time service every 7.5 and areas of potential hazard. Bus and tram minutes, with ten-minute headways in the 2009 Phase 1b is cancelled due to control centres are also talking to each other. off peak. For special events, it will be possible financial problems. Contractual disputes delay An important issue is cleared up to reduce headways to as low as four minutes. tracklaying work in the city centre, particularly here. Norris states that tram drivers will By May, Parsons is confident that 40 drivers Princes Street. The opening date is postponed to categorically not drive buses, and bus drivers will have had over 150 hours at the controls February 2012. will not take out trams, adding: “The good each, many as much as 220. He will also news is that if operating challenges do arise, have seven depot drivers in place, ten depot 2010 Bilfinger Berger announces a it will be easy for us to assist each other.” controllers and five duty managers. He will two-and-a-half year delay, but retains the also need a customer services and revenue contract despite major cost overruns. The operating contract with Transdev is terminated protection manager, and 52 on-train assistants. Three stages of commissioning to save costs in favour of Edinburgh Trams Ltd Edinburgh Trams service delivery manager He says: “We have recruited from a wide (owned by the city council). Stuart Parsons is the man in day-to-day variety of backgrounds... the armed forces, charge of operations at the spacious Gogar government departments, Tesco, even a 2011 TIE is disbanded after senior staff depot. He is there to mobilise and manage community park ranger. Because they can all changes and cuts; Turner & Townsend is the operational and customer services teams. grow with us, it is so much easier to get a firm appointed as new project manager. Track defects This includes supporting the project testing grip with a new start system.” require large sections to be replaced. Edinburgh and commissioning in three distinct stages. Council cuts back route to Edinburgh Airport – Section B is from Gogar westwards to the Training schedules and trams St Andrew Square, later York Place), with costs airport, a relatively easy stretch on segregated Training comprises an initial classroom rising to GBP776m. Gogar depot energised, and alignment with two intermediate stops, course followed by getting at the controls tram trial running starts. a busy crossing at Eastfield Avenue, three on just the second day. Says Parsons: “We other crossings and the airport terminus. place a strong emphasis on a safety discovery December 2012 First full speed test Line speeds of 70km/h (43.5mph) allow the learning approach, whereby trainees gain runs start to Airport. trams to stretch their legs, with over 100 as much practical experience in controlled runs planned between 07.24 and 18.30 each environments as possible.” 2013 Further trackbed replacement weekday to accumulate tram mileage and The lines of 42.8m bi-directional CAF required after discovery of defects. Transport for Edinburgh created to run buses and trams. crewing hours. trams in Gogar yard will be the envy of Testing begins into the city centre.

2014 May opening announced. Edinburgh testing

many UK systems grappling with capacity. However, efforts to lease them to other tramways, including London Tramlink (Croydon), have not so far been successful because of compatibility issues. Despite not now needing them all, Edinburgh Trams intends to maintain the entire GBP50m (approx. EUR60m) fleet to full operational standard. A daily working pool will be rotated to allow the full fleet to be used for passenger service. Some are now five years old. No-one doubts the ability of the trams to impress the travelling public because of their smooth ride and high internal specification that includes leather seats for 74 passengers (with standing space for 200). A late pre- service modification will be the livery, with the red stripe on the white bodyshell due to be replaced by maroon and silver curves to align them with Lothian buses.

The journey and ticketing There are 16 stops along the route, at Edinburgh Airport, Ingliston Park & Ride, Gogarburn, Edinburgh Gateway, Gyle ABOVE: The first use of a Centre, Edinburgh Park Central, Edinburgh crossover on a gauging run at Edinburgh Park on 8 October Park Station (currently under construction 2013. Donald Stirling and planned to open in 2016 for interchange with ScotRail services for Fife and North RIGHT: At Edinburgh Park, ), Bankhead, Saughton, Balgreen, looking west to the viaduct , Haymarket, West on 10 October 2013. End-Princes Street, Princes Street, St Andrew Donald Stirling Square (close to Waverley station), and York Place. The Airport terminus will be accessible BELOW: The secure via a covered walkway. confines of the segregated section from Gogar depot Ingliston is expected to be the busiest to the airport have been pick-up point during rush hours. Norris adds: invaluable for intensive driver “After around six months of operation a trial training. Tram 272 stands will take place to allow cycles on trams at off at the airport terminus on 2 peak times to assess the impact on customers.” December. Howard Johnston The fare structure was announced by Edinburgh City Council last September. The broad principle is that ticket prices within the city centre will be the same as buses, set at GBP1.50 for a single journey from Ingliston Park & Ride and Gogarburn to the city centre. City of Edinburgh-based holders of the national entitlement card will be able to travel for free.

60 / FEBRUARY 2014 www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org LONDON UNDERGROUND 150 YEARS AND MOVING FORWARD

Tramways & Urban Transit celebrates the development and significance of the world's most iconic transport system – and examines its exciting plans for the future.

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tramways and urban transitv2.indd 1 18/10/2013 15:57:53 LONDON UNDERGROUND SPECIAL

An outcome of the London & South Western Railway wanting to get customers all the way to work, the Waterloo & City Line ran for over 90 years before coming into Underground management: Bank station. LONDON: BIRTHPLACE OF THE URBAN RAILWAY Using London’s Underground between trip’s cost will depend upon when you travel, Roding Valley and Waterloo can take 35 how you pay and whether more of the UK City-bound from Epping in Essex: approaching the junction near minutes. This journey is from its least-used capital’s vast public transport is used that day. Roding Valley station. station (220 000 combined entries and exits Your almost 20km (12.5-mile) journey will in 2012) to its busiest (88 160 000). Taking have covered about 5% of the system. 20 minutes longer, but with no extra changes The London Underground is big enough of train, you could leave Roding Valley in the and old enough to offer great variety opposite direction. Either way, riding on the and to accommodate many perceptions: Underground’s longest and shortest lines, summarising the Underground is fraught with you will have travelled from Essex into variations and exceptions. central London. Directly or indirectly, it gave the world a The trip started over what was visibly generic term for a city railway. This first metro once a conventional railway and ended in is usually called The Underground, of which metal tubes. You will have changed trains in the majority isn’t, or The Tube – similarly central London’s deepest station, host to adrift of reality. An institution with a notably over 47 million journeys in 2012. strong identity, it is also just one element Housing lines other than the two you of an integrated urban transit network that will use, plus a completely different type of serves one of the world’s great capital cities. railway, Bank station has no surface buildings. The organisation in charge (since 2003) is a Its existence is marked by an internationally- statutory corporation, Transport for London recognised sign over doorways and stairwells. (TfL). It is squeezed between a history of The tunnel taking you under the Thames stop-start developments and a future when has had a passenger railway since 1898, but it many more people than the 1.23bn reported didn’t join the Underground until 1994. The for 2012-13 will need to be carried each year. LONDON UNDERGROUND SPECIAL 150 YEARS AND COUNTING

An original station, Baker Street has artefacts reflecting the Underground’s long history. During 2013 an extra element accompanied termed Sub-Surface Railway (SSR) – came TfL publicity and notices, a figure 150 with much earlier. the zero represented by the symbol for The network’s colloquial name, Tube – one London’s transport, the roundel. It marked that TfL also uses alongside Underground the 150th anniversary of a line opened by the – came from another railway pioneer. The Metropolitan Railway between Paddington in City and South London became the first north-west central London and Farringdon, deep-level underground railway with electric about 6.4km (four miles) to the east. traction upon its opening in December 1890. The Metropolitan tapped demand It was bored with tunnelling shields, later between main line termini along a Euston enlarged to the near-standard diameter of Road – Marylebone Road axis and the City about 12 feet (approx 3.65m). of London. The destruction needed to bring Other tube and sub-surface lines main lines into the capital was no longer followed, notably up to 1910 when much feasible, especially for such a local service. of the central network was created. There Going beneath roads using the cut and was also organisational convergence cover method, the first Metropolitan section through takeovers amongst the operating opened in January 1863. Steam locomotive- businesses. Lines needed parliamentary hauled trains running through a mainly roofed- approval, but routes were of each company’s over cutting with intermittent openings devising, thereby creating infrastructure served the world’s first underground railway. and operational variations. Although Briefly standard and broad dual-gauge amalgamation indicated financial difficulties tracked due to the Great Western Railway’s rather than success, they did bring greater brief involvement before becoming 1435mm consistency, more fare integration and built only, it was generously proportioned. perceptions of a network. An historical reverse of Berlin’s U-Bahn Revenues did not always cover costs metro system in having two tunnel profiles, however, nor leave enough for new projects London’s larger Underground format – now or to reward shareholders. Although

64 / FEBRUARY 2014 www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org LONDON UNDERGROUND SPECIAL

‘Mind the gap’ – Waterloo’s platform illustrates an effect of the Tube’s sinuous progress beneath London.

Above: Commissioner of Transport for London, Sir Peter Hendy commemorates the birth and achievements of , a pivotal figure in the Underground’s development: Spalding, Lincolnshire, 15 June 2013.

Frontages from different companies at Gloucester Road. To the left, from 1906 is an Underground trademark style, the work of architect .

Above: Reflecting outer London suburbia of the era, Stanmore opened as a Metropolitan terminus in 1932. It transferred to the Bakerloo before becoming a terminus for the new in 1979. businesses may fail, the city railways became essential to London’s everyday functioning and as such they had to be sustained. Non-transport organisations, and most importantly central government, had made contributions since the early years, something that would increase. Passing from private to public ownership is a common strand in the history of the world’s transport systems; for London, this asset transfer included one of the Underground’s most influential figures.

CREATING A UNIQUE IDENTITY Frank Pick went with the multi-line Underground Electric Railways Company of London to the new London Passenger Transport Board (LPTB) in 1933. Through his chief executive role he became, according to the Design Museum, “instrumental in Canary Wharf establishing the world’s most progressive exemplifies the ample public transport system and an exemplar of circulating space that characterises Jubilee design management.” Line Extension stations. Pick’s administration up to 1940 saw London Note the platform edge Transport become the brand for buses, trams doors introduced to the Underground with and the underground lines (except Waterloo the JLE. & City), lasting officially until 2000. Diverse

www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org FEBRUARY 2014 / 65 LONDON UNDERGROUND SPECIAL talents were applied through the 1930s in Government-supported to increase levels. The programme also launched the London Transport’s name: Architects like employment by creating public assets, the classic 1938 tube stock. With multi-line Stanley Heaps and Charles fashioned began in June operation and in normal service until 1988, functional yet distinctive stations (the latter 1935. Although not fully implemented, its quality has been further proved by use on also responsible for LU's headquarters at 55 the Underground extended lines and the Isle of Wight since 1989. Broadway, soon to be vacated and turned into electrification, with the Northern Works suspended during Word War Two luxury apartments), with poster art flowering and Central gaining route from main resumed, but otherwise the Underground in a drive to increase passenger numbers line companies. There was greater began a low investment phase with assets outside peak hours; Harry Beck’s drastic standardisation, including fourth-rail 630V dc being not so much sweated as exhausted. reinterpretation of the Underground map power supply and a proliferation of The entirely new Victoria Line opened in created a template for easier navigation of escalators to become the main mechanised 1968 with industry-leading automatic train transport systems worldwide. means of transferring passengers between operation. The Jubilee followed in 1979, formed from transferred route and new build; yet it was the extension (JLE) south of Green Park to Stratford in east London that would mark it out. During construction, commissioning and after opening in 1999 it made unwelcome headlines that are now becoming footnotes to a much bigger success story. Improving upon the Underground’s still minor presence south of the Thames, the JLE plays a greater role due to connections with TfL Overground at Canada Water and Stratford, the latter by the main site of the Olympic and Paralympic 2012 Games. Stimulating housing along the route, the JLE supplemented DLR coverage in the Rail links (initially DLR and from 1999 Docklands financial district and fed Canning the Underground) have facilitated Town and West Ham transport hubs. It development of the Docklands commercial centre. The future Crossrail also brought a larger scale to Underground Canary Wharf station is nearby. stations, with platform edge doors changing the look and safety levels of tube platforms.

A modern convergence of TfL Bus, DLR and Underground routes turned Canning Town into a key interchange; it was a 2012 Olympics transport hub.

66 / FEBRUARY 2014 www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org LONDON UNDERGROUND SPECIAL ROLLING STOCK DIVERSITY

A Bombardier S8 Metropolitan train approaches Wembley Park, with Alstom-built Jubilee 1996 stock to the left.

London Underground rolling stock trains were in widespread use for Circle and for a train’s dynamic envelope. In-tunnel classification differs between the tube and Hammersmith & City services. Having the platform lengths are very expensive and sub-surface fleets. The former is identified by newest and updated previous generation of time-consuming to modify, which accounts the year when first deliveries are expected, SSR trains, the D78, the District will be the for some instances of selective door as opposed to when it actually happens or last to be fully re-equipped with new rolling operation where stock does not entirely the duration of deliveries. stock, possibly by 2015-16. match the station layout. There is also some Due to the capacity of a traditionally Not being identical on all lines, tube compatibility required with SSR stock, as for small supplier pool, and normally replacing infrastructure imposes particular demands the Piccadilly and Metropolitan shared track a line fleet in full, identification by year has on rolling stock design, notably constraints and platforms west of Rayners Lane. proven fit for purpose. Sub-surface trains are primarily distinguished by letter, not in alphabetical sequence but relating to intended route use, plus a shortened year indicator. The SSR lines are now in a renewal programme, with Bombardier’s S7 and S8 to replace all earlier classes. The first new trains entered service in summer 2010, with the Metropolitan as first recipient and now fully re-equipped with the eight-car S8. The seven-car S7 is for the Circle, District and Hammersmith & City. The S7 follows Bombardier’s Class 378 Capitalstar for TfL Overground in having longitudinal seating throughout, also the main tube configuration; the S8 also has transverse seating in view of often longer Metropolitan Line journeys. For passengers, the main innovations are air conditioning and wide gangways. At rest between peaks, Jubilee Deliveries were interrupted by 1996 stock at Stanmore. modifications, although by late 2013S-Stock

www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org FEBRUARY 2014 / 67 LONDON UNDERGROUND SPECIAL

With the original Victoria Line vehicles replaced by 2011, London’s oldest tube trains C77 Circle stock on the original Metropolitan route at Barbican, showing are now the Bakerloo Line’s 1972 stock. evidence of a former overall roof. The Bakerloo and Piccadilly replacements are likely to be of entirely new generation. Needing efficient energy use and the ability to cope with increased passenger demand, the requirement is for lighter trains without compromising safety. Articulation of a greater number of shorter cars in a formation thus seems likely. Although air conditioning has come to the SSR, tube stock installation is more challenging due to having to disperse heat in long confined spaces. The large surface area taken by frequently opening doors, needed for rapid loading and short station dwell time, also challenges efficient cooling. TfL has invited manufacturers to submit outline ideas, with the Siemens’ Inspiro concept as the first presented (see TAUT 912/913).

Now an unusual tube feature: mixed configuration seating on Bakerloo Line 1972 stock.

S-Stock has air conditioning and wide gangways, with a greater emphasis on standing space.

LONDON UNDERGROUND LINES

Line (year of opening or adoption of Main route and branches – Stations (may be served by more than one line) – Total route length route); Tube or Sub-surface (SSR) – Main depot(s): Fleet.

Metropolitan (1863) SSR Aldgate – Amersham, plus , Watford and Uxbridge branches. 34 stations. 67km (41.5 miles). Neasden: S8

District (1868) SSR Upminster and Ealing Broadway to Richmond / Wimbledon, plus branches to Edgware Road and Olympia branches. 60 stations. 64km (40 miles). Ealing Common, Upminster, Hammersmith: C69, C77, D78, S8

Hammersmith & City (1864) SSR Hammersmith – Barking. 29 stations. 25.5km (16 miles). Hammersmith: C69, C77, S7

Circle (1884) SSR Hammersmith to a circuit from Edgware Road. 36 stations. 27km (17 miles). Hammersmith: C69, C77, S7

Northern (1890) Tube Morden – Edgware / East / High Barnet. Diverges in central London via Bank or . 50 stations. 58km (36 miles). Morden. Golders Green: 1995-stock

Waterloo & City (1890) Tube Waterloo – Bank, the only stations. 2.4km (1.5 miles). Waterloo: modified1992-stock

Central (1900) Tube Ealing Broadway / West Ruislip to Epping, plus Leytonstone to Woodford loop via Hainault. 49 stations. 74km (46 miles). West Ruislip, Hainault: 1992-stock

Bakerloo (1906) Tube Elephant & Castle – Harrow & Wealdstone. 25 stations. 23km (14.5 miles). Stonebridge Park: 1972 Mk II-stock

Piccadilly (1906) Tube Cockfosters – Heathrow / Uxbridge - 53 stations. 71km (44.3 miles). Northfields, Cockfosters: 1973-stock

Victoria (1968) Tube Walthamstow Central – Brixton. 16 stations. 21km (13.3 miles). Northumberland Park: 2009-stock

Jubilee (1979) Tube Stanmore – Stratford. 27 stations. 36km (22.5 miles). Stratford Market: 1996-stock

Note: The identity and routing of some lines have changed over the years.

68 / FEBRUARY 2014 www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org The world is complex. Your decisions don’t have to be.

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Reproduced courtesy of Transport for London Modern rarity: a station added to an existing line. Wood Lane opened in October 2008, adding Circle to Hammersmith & City coverage in 2009.

An eastbound Hammersmith & City S7 and the Crossrail site near Royal Oak station. STATIONS IN LIFE FOR A MOBILE POPULATION

Next to a Central Line depot, Hainault will be a 24-hour terminus. The four-track layout as at Chiswick Park allows faster transit of Platforms show contrasting Great Eastern and Underground styling. trains in south west London.

As assets that generally face replacement Central Line Ruislip Gardens and then- Such figures give a pointer to transport at some stage, trains and signalling systems noteworthy electric trains centre-stage as demand, but other variables are pertinent. are clear determinants of a metro’s capacity; emblematic of modernity, ’s There have been land use changes, with shifts stations however pose different challenges, poem Middlesex (similarly his Baker Street between commercial, residential and leisure being more ‘nailed down’ as key interfaces Buffet) distils aspects of London’s growth due use. Docklands is the standout example by for passengers entering and leaving the to the Underground’s outward spread. scale, but is certainly not unique. Former system. TfL identifies 270 stations with an The Underground and suburban main industrial areas near Underground stations in Underground service, with all but a few lines allowed for population density Alperton, Turnham Green and Ealing in west managed by the organisation. reductions once people were no longer London are currently becoming commuter The station portfolio has changed limited to walking or taking slow local hotspots. Hammersmith & City and later considerably. Paddington station expansion transport. It was not only dispersal of the Circle Line station Wood Lane opened in eradicated the Metropolitan’s original established population however, for London’s 2008, along with the adjoining Westfield western terminus, Bishop’s Road, by 1933; opportunities have drawn in people from London shopping centre and TfL bus station. tube extension removed a City and South across the British Isles and beyond for many Although the BBC has withdrawn from the London counterpart, King William Street, as years: the city had to go outwards. equally close Television Centre, redevelopment early as 1900. Low demand accounted for is likely to further stimulate demand in what 1930s closures like York Road and Brompton LONDON POPULATION FIGURES is now another public transport hub. Road. Line closures removed Aldwych and 1861: 3 188 000 1891: 5 572 000 The propensity to use the different modes Ongar from the Underground map in 1994, 1921: 7 387 000 1939: 8 61 5000 is far from consistent however, as is the as did cutting back Bakerloo’s northern reach 1951: 8 197 000 1981: 6 713 165 relationship between economic activity and in 1982. Other changes came with the East 2011: 8 173 900 transport use. Twentieth Century policies to London Line’s transfer to Overground use. (Population figures modified for consistency with the current disperse London’s residents and industrial The Metropolitan neatly exemplifies Greater London area) base elsewhere in the UK and congestion extremes in rationale for siting stations. The charging since 2003 exemplify social planning original 1863 stations fed upon established Greater London’s population approximated with clear ridership implications. Aside regular movements across London, a to the 1939 peak by 2013; from a 2008 from its political fallout, the short-lived similar situation for the initial deep tubes. base, the UK’s Office for National Statistics 1980s ‘Fares Fair’ ticket price reduction and Conversely, once beyond the core, stations suggests that the population could increase by subsequent rise indicated how elastic urban can be drivers of urban spread. Putting 15.8% between 2010 and 2030 to nine million. travel demand could be.

72 / FEBRUARY 2014 www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org LONDON UNDERGROUND SPECIAL COST SAVINGS THROUGH RE-MANUFACTURING Rowe Hankins is proud to support London Underground through effective re-manufacturing services of life-expired vital electromechnical components.

The McNulty Report into the state of the UK Rail industry in 2011 made recommendations that costs should be reduced by 30% when compared to other European operations. An essential part of the process of making savings within London Underground over the next few years will come from the extension of the useful service life of electro-mechanical components instead of fitting new replacements. With full testing and reporting on products, the Rowe Hankins Service Centre has already provided savings to LUL and other train operating companies of many thousands of pounds through essential fast turnaround times, by rebuilding original equipment as an alternative to replacement products. Rolling stock has also been returned to service more promptly because fewer secondary modifications are required. Rowe Hankins offers the negotiation of overhaul contracts, fleet series repairs and individual repairs, and will review any electromechanical product and give a speedy reply to enquiries, including condition reports so that cost and turnaround times can be project managed. Rowe Hankins' dedicated Service Centre offers fast turnaround All work is undertaken at Rowe times for critical components with experienced engineers. Hankins’ UK-based, IRIS accredited, factory in north Manchester and is supported by a team of ten engineers with many years experience working in the rail industry. Rowe Hankins’ business manager Geraint Davies explained: “Most rolling stock has a typical 30-year working life. During this time electro-mechanical systems are subject to continuous use in extreme and harsh environments. “The performance of items such as contactors and power circuit breakers can deteriorate, threatening safety and reliability. Our express Service Centre will

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Vanessa McGee, Tel. +44 (0)161 765 3000 Fax. +44 (0)161 705 2900 Marketing E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.rowehankins.com Executive Rowe Hankins Ltd, Power House, Parker Street, Bury, Lancashire, BL9 0RJ, UK

www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org FEBRUARY 2014 / 73 LONDON UNDERGROUND SPECIAL FAMILY MATTERS

In 1908 the independent lines adopted a collective symbol – a solid red circle with a central lateral bar. The central space showed the relevant station name, and for more general use, ‘Underground.’ It proved to be durable and effective branding: memorable, simple and, whether interpreted as the Thames threading through London or just crossing an area, suggesting the core activity. Detailing has changed and different versions remain as historical markers around the network, although the adaptability was demonstrated when the time came for TfL’s ‘brand extension’ – expanding a strong identity across plausibly related activities. A differently coloured and titled roundel Above and below: The London Underground roundel is now a world famous icon in its own right, became used for: and has evolved into the symbolic identifier for many TfL services, including adaptation for the Underground: ‘Underground’ generically, and Tramlink signage and vehicles. including at station entrances, with the station name prominent at platform level. No distinction in representation between the approximately 60% in tube format and the remainder SSR lines. Direct operation by TfL. Buses: ‘Buses’ on around 7500 vehicles in the traditional all-over red. TfL claims that 90% of Greater London residents live within 400m of one of 19 500 bus stops; routes are franchised to many operators, which display a small company identifier. Depending upon space and configuration, some Underground stations also incorporate procedure in-hand for a new contract due to 2012 becoming part of an Overground bus stations, for example Golders Green, start in September 2014. Many interchanges circuit. A concession operated by London Victoria and Canada Water. with Underground. Overground Rail Operations Ltd (LOROL) – DLR: Identified as ‘DLR’ in the roundel. Overground: From rail franchise a joint venture of MTR Corporation of Hong Expanded since its opening in 1987, many realignment, TfL launched ‘Overground’ in Kong and Deutsche Bahn Arriva. lines connect the established and new 2007. Complete rolling stock replacement Tramlink: Opened as Croydon Tramlink in financial hubs, centred on the Bank of England and new routes followed, including a rare 2000, the founding consortium was bought and Canary Wharf, plus other redeveloped removal from the Underground in 2007. out by TfL in 2008, replaced with contracted and established areas in east and south- Previously the Metropolitan East London main activities. Currently Wimbledon station east London. Operated by Serco, with a Line, this reopened in 2010, by December is the only interchange with the Underground, but this would increase if Tramlink’s Sutton project is implemented. River: Piers and licensed commuter and tourist passenger ferries. The free Woolwich vehicle and pedestrian ferry is operated under contract. Some piers have Underground stations nearby. Also denoted by roundel variants are licensing and control activities for Taxi and Private Hire, Coaches and Dial-a-Ride. The cross-Thames cable car, opened in June 2012, also uses its sponsor name Emirates with the Air-Line roundel. Another sponsored mode, Cycle Hire began in 2010 and has the sponsor (until 2015) Barclays Bank prominently identified on Shared infrastructure for around 8 000 bikes. TfL Streets is responsible TfL’s Overground and Underground Bakerloo for the road network, where 80% of London’s Line at Kenton. daily passenger journeys are made. LONDON UNDERGROUND SPECIAL RAISING THE CAPITAL

The gap between TfL’s creation in 2000 and manages and operates the system. Individual political significance has risen. As such, the its taking over of the Underground related lines or clusters of lines retain control phrase ‘Mayor of London’ is prominent in TfL to changed funding arrangements and the functions, although there has been a move communications with the public. separation of responsibilities for assets to centralisation, notably with the 2013 Gareth Powell, London Rail & Underground and operations. An intended remedy for opening of the London Underground Control Director of Strategy & Service Development, shortcomings accumulated through Centre which integrates operational and says that the mayoral office regards public under-investment, the Public Private engineering staff. transport as underpinning economic activity Partnership (PPP) involved private consortia TfL’s main role is “to implement the and as being part of the capital’s identity. As restoring and upgrading Underground Mayor’s Transport Strategy for London and with promoting different modes under the infrastructure and stock, as well as making manage transport services across the Capital shared brand, he explains: “It’s important that resources available to TfL according to for which the Mayor has responsibility.” the public identify with the family of services defined standards. The Underground is now administered that they’re travelling on.” Intended to last for 30 years, the PPP within a common directorate (Managing Matching the mode and scale of transport structure foundered with the intended Director, Mike Brown) along with ‘London with a particular need is a complex issue, programme far from complete. Holding two Rail’ – the Overground, Trams and DLR. With particularly with public funding involved, but contracts, Metronet collapsed in July 2007 transport restored to local government by Mr Powell points to the outcomes of the and in May 2010 TfL bought out the failing 2000, accountability became clearer. With more recent projects: “There isn’t one that Tube Lines. Although TfL contracts aspects virtually all residents – the local electorate hasn’t outperformed its business case – the to many companies, it now directly – and visitors affected by TfL’s activities, its Jubilee Line Extension is a good example.”

Incorporating the below-ground Victoria Line and main line Moorgate branch, Highbury & Islington is one of several recently developed non-central transport hubs.

www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org FEBRUARY 2014 / 75 LONDON UNDERGROUND SPECIAL

EXTENSIONS AND MODERNISATION One that got away: the and A60 stock at Whitechapel Two extension projects are currently in in July 2007, closed that December advanced development. Adding around 3km for transfer to the Overground. (1.9 miles) of route and two new stations to the system, possibly by 2020, twin tubes of the Extension (NLE) will connect with new junctions on the low-level turning loop opened in 1926 just south of Kennington station. The GBP1bn (approx. EUR1.2bn) NLE will support large-scale redevelopment, yielding up to 25 000 jobs and 16 000 new homes, according to TfL. This will be funded by borrowing and repaid from contributions such as retained business rates and from developers. Battersea tube station will be near the power station site where a new town centre is planned; Nine Elms will serve the under-construction American embassy amongst surrounding developments. The British Chancellor’s 2013 Autumn Statement The is within the small confirmed a funding guarantee for the NLE. proportion of the Underground outside In the same area, a GBP36m (approx. Greater London and TfL is working with EUR43.4m) upgrade of Victoria Line Vauxhall local councils and County station begins in early 2014. Vauxhall is Council, for which the GBP116.8m (approx. forecast to get a 40% increase in passenger EUR140m) project is the largest ever numbers due to the area’s redevelopment. delivered by the authority. The present lightly Ahead of the NLE project, the Northern used Watford Metropolitan terminus in is already seeing improvements. The line’s Cassiobury will close, with two new stations evolution bequeathed three northern arms added. Needing a new viaduct at the western and two distinct paths through central end, the extension will largely use the disused London. The most complex and busiest of branch. the lines, with 900 000 daily passengers, the Joining active tracks near the existing Northern is being resignalled in a long-term Watford High Street Overground station, the programme due for completion in 2014, by Metropolitan terminus will become Watford which time capacity will increase by a fifth. Junction. An important main line railhead, The Northern will join the Victoria, Watford Junction also incorporates the Central, Waterloo & City and Jubilee in northern terminus for Overground trains to having automatic train operation (ATO). London Euston. Currently Underground and Central on the Northern Line has evident main line origins; the All using existing stock, they will retain an Overground share parts of the third and fourth off-peak shuttle Mill Hill East line is onboard driver; the SSR should become ATO rail ‘Watford DC’ tracks, largely alongside the straight ahead beyond the arches. by 2018. It will become possible to partially overhead-electrified . segregate the Northern south of Kennington so that all Charing Cross trains will reverse Northern Line re-signalling is using the Kennington loop, with Bank-routed key for increased capacity and reliability: 1995 stock crosses near trains continuing to Morden. In the longer Brent Cross in November 2013. term more trains will be added. In a 2012 electoral statement Mayor Boris Johnson (re-elected until May 2016) stated: “Over the next four years I will no longer buy a tube train with an old-fashioned driver’s cab. By 2014 we will have capacity for automatic trains on 48% of the network”. Nothing specific on ATO has since been announced, with Gareth Powell explaining to TAUT in late 2013: “We will look at all the available technology and assess whether it is right for us.” Construction is also due to start in early 2014 on the Croxley Rail Link, planned to co-ordinate with resignalling works. Formerly due to open in 2016, although this could be influenced by re-tendering of the signalling contract (announced 31 December 2013) for the SSR lines won by Bombardier in 2011.

76 / FEBRUARY 2014 www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org LONDON UNDERGROUND SPECIAL INFRASTRUCTURE UPGRADES

Implementing track and station upgrades has caused years of service modifications on the Underground, communicated to passengers through TfL’s own very effective channels and external media. Innovations such as those from the Track Partnership – a collaboration between London Underground and Balfour Beatty Rail – have also seen new technologies developed to increase the speed and efficiencies of track renewals. Introducing a new sleeper system (the first new sleeper design on the London Underground in 30 years) has halved the time it takes to replace and install new sections on the Underground. The preassembled units – complete with Pandrol fastenings – are installed via a bespoke New Track Construction (NTC) train. Work takes place during regular overnight Over the Rainbow: Steered from the main control centre, ‘the rainbow’ and announcements can help passengers plan their way around disruptions. line possessions, at weekends or in longer blocks spanning public holidays. An outcome restrictions during the upgrading. With lower, something that can vary over very of public transport’s successful performance up-to-the-minute data, passengers can make short periods. during the 2012 Olympic and Paralympic more informed decisions about when and Like cycling, walking is also being promoted. Games is a continuation of travel demand by what means they may complete their Although the contents may be obvious to management as deployed in the ‘Get Ahead journeys with less congestion. A pilot began some, TfL’s free ‘Walking Map’ series puts of the Games’ campaign. in November 2013 for the Northern line geographical reality back in passenger’s hands, Demand management covers recurring and south of Kennington, making clear when as opposed to gaining potentially misleading irregular conditions like major events and demand levels at each station are appreciably impressions from the classic . CROSSRAIL: A GAME-CHANGER

The massive Crossrail project will change the face of rail travel in London over the next decade and features many interchanges with CENTRAL existing services in central London JUBILEE and onto the wider rail network. DLR CIRCLE OVERGROUND CIRCLE METROPOLITAN HAMMERSMITH HAMMERSMITH HAROLD & CITY & CITY STRATFORD FOREST GATE ILFORD GOODMAYES ROMFORD WOOD SHENFIELD CENTRAL BAKERLOO NORTHERN DISTRICT DISTRICT NORTHERN CENTRAL CENTRAL HAYES & EALING TOTTENHAM LIVERPOOL TAPLOW SLOUGH IVER HARLINGTON HANWELL BROADWAY PADDINGTON COURT ROAD STREET MARYLAND MANOR PARK SEVEN KINGS CHADWELL GIDEA PARK BRENTWOOD HEATH

DLR Step-free access from street to train CUSTOM Step-free access from street to platform MAIDENHEAD BURNHAM LANGLEY WEST SOUTHALL WEST EALING ACTON BOND STREET FARRINGDON WHITECHAPEL HOUSE ABBEY WOOD DRAYTON MAIN LINE Step-free access in direction of arrow only CENTRAL CIRCLE HAMMERSMITH & CITY JUBILEE METROPOLITAN Station which requires the use of steps or escalators DISTRICT HEATHROW HAMMERSMITH Surface line AIRPORT & CITY OVERGROUND PICCADILLY CANARY WOOLWICH Tunnel WHARF HEATHROW Portal (tunnel entrance and exit) JUBILEE DLR Canary Wharf Woolwich connection 200m Arsenal 100m Direct airport connection DLR West India Quay 100m

The GBP14.8bn (EUR17.8bn) Crossrail project is represented as increasing London’s (13 miles) of twin-bore tunnels and nine stations have the greatest direct implications rail capacity by 10%. It is a joint venture between the UK for the Underground. This is due to new interchanges and also because Crossrail can and TfL and since construction began in 2009, building works now punctuate the future obviate currently needed changes onto the Tube. The eastern end of the Jubilee, the route through London, also by tunnel exits near Royal Oak (Metropolitan Line) and core of the Central and the sub-surface lines in particular will have overcrowding DLR stations Custom House and Pudding Mill Lane. greatly eased by Crossrail. Connecting existing national rail tracks at either end of an east-west axis, it covers To be operated as a concession that will take over some outer surface operations established commuter territory as well as . The central 21km from 2015, Crossrail’s central section should open by late 2018.

www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org FEBRUARY 2014 / 77 LONDON UNDERGROUND SPECIAL

LET'S BE OPEN GETTING FIT ABOUT THIS

In November 2013 TfL announced measures Few passengers now buy traditional tickets Over the past decade, that will markedly change station operations. and only 3% of journeys begin with contact contactless cards have become a With a phased introduction in 2015, TfL will with a ticket office. This has emerged through common feature of mass transit start the weekend ‘Night Tube’ to integrate the uptake of machine vending, stored value schemes across the world. with the night bus network comprising Oyster cards (which can handle multiple fare London’s Oyster card is one of the most prominent examples. 24-hour routes and night-only services. It types) and free-standing Travelcards. Installed Speeding customers through the will cover most sections of the Northern, on TfL buses for over a year, contactless gates, cutting down on ticketing Piccadilly, Victoria, Central and Jubilee Lines, bankcard payments will be introduced overheads, they are one of the with the prospect of extension to other lines. to the Underground from 2014, further most exciting uses of contactless technology. Under the 2013 ‘Fit for the Future – Stations’ reducing station-based transactions. These However, as contactless bankcards become more proposals, stations are to be operated single-journey fares are at Oyster rates but widespread in daily life, they offer transit operators a according to a new classification to inform effectively bypass that system. TfL is due to fantastic opportunity to further cut costs and improve the nature of support services for passengers. announce the winner of a new seven-year the customer experience, especially for non-regular TfL intends to close all ticket offices, with ticketing system contract in autumn 2014. travellers. London’s acceptance of contactless station staff circulating with mobile equipment Gareth Powell says of the classification: payments on buses, a project in which Consult Hyperion was involved, demonstrates that in spades. as needed. The intention of “creating a less “The general principle is distinguishing By moving to open payments, transit operators expensive staffing model which puts staff between some very different needs and become ‘merchants’, participating in a bank-led where customers need them” will reduce characteristics of customers at the various scheme rather than owners of a dedicated ticketing workforce size. There is a commitment not types of stations.” All stations will continue to infrastructure. This can reduce costs through the to make compulsory redundancies, although be staffed whilst trains are running: “We pride use of off-the-shelf equipment, rather than bespoke up to 750 posts may go. ourselves on being a fully-staffed metro.” equipment made to proprietary specifications. The broader consideration of issuing tickets, printing or personalising them with products, and Direct street access, Oyster accepting them at the point of entry is also removed. readers and barriers at Sudbury Town. Far removed from an operator’s primary objective of running buses, trains, subways and trams, the removal of such an overhead can yield considerable savings. Indeed, payment cards offer transit authorities the opportunity of relinquishing the distraction of card issuance and focus their time on running transit systems and accepting cards. Introduction of EMV schemes, widespread in Europe and Asia and soon to come in the US, to transit can dramatically change the concept of ticket purchase, offering more sophisticated facilities that take advantage of being able to verify the card’s authenticity at the gate before entry. It’s clear that, as we all know, transit is mass market, technically challenging, high profile, important and demanding. It’s at the intersection of NFC, mobile, payments and (soon) big data. I love it. Dave Birch Global Ambassador, Consult Hyperion

First introduced in 2003, the First-generation equipment on the pioneer automatically operated Victoria Line, 1967 Oyster card is now used for stock passes Barons Court on the Piccadilly line for disposal on 19 April 2011. Howard Pulling over 80% of public transport journeys in London. Cubic

78 / FEBRUARY 2014 www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org One of many Underground stations that assisted London’s inter-war expansion, Arnos Grove is regarded as a classic amongst ’s designs.

CATEGORY FEATURES upon how modifications are made. Gareth needs to stay ahead of demand to cater for a (NUMBER OF STATIONS) : Powell identifies the responsibility in positive population rising faster than expected. Gateway (6): The main long-distance terms: “We have an obligation to maintain These and other challenges are in the rail termini and Heathrow airport. Many London’s heritage: this can be difficult and face of rising customer expectations and passengers new to the network needing it does have a cost implication. But we are budget reductions – the world’s oldest metro assistance and with detailed queries. very proud of the diversity of our buildings continues to provide a fascinating ride. Destination (29): Many non-regular – they are amongst the things that give the users in busy locations, some event-related. Underground its identity.” Mainly central London, but includes outer Although well past the start of central interchanges like Stratford, Wembley Park area congestion charging, private car use in and Highbury & Islington. Greater London continues to fall, with public Metro (102): Predominance of regular transport rising. With about 11% of the commuter flows; repeat journeys. A modal share of daily journey stages, during diverse station range. 2012-13 there were 6.1% more passenger km Local A (64) and Local B (61): travelled by Underground than in the Distinguished by passenger volume, previous year. both types are mainly surface stations in Even allowing for the effect of the Olympic outer districts. and Paralympic Games’ record loadings, more people are using the Underground INCREASING CAPACITY AND than ever before. To “support the Capital’s SAFEGUARDING IDENTITY growth and relieve chronically overcrowded The second-busiest Underground station, services” (TfL) in the long term, a new Victoria, is following the now-complete north-east to south-west underground railway and third-busiest King’s Cross St Pancras is being assessed. Likely to use some sections with a radical rebuild to handle loadings safeguarded for the long-envisaged Chelsea – that can at present require temporary Hackney tube, ‘Crossrail 2’ works may start closures to restore safe numbers. Although in the 2020s. The routing and whether it will stations can be the limiting factor, work to be a metro or integrated with the national alleviate problems has to continue through rail network are to be determined. operational hours. A more abstract restraining factor is that LU: 151 YEARS AND COUNTING following additions in 2011, the number London’s Underground has entered its 151st All words and pictures by Neil Pulling unless otherwise credited. of stations listed as having ‘exceptional year with around four million daily passengers. Grateful acknowledgement is due to Gareth Powell, architectural or historic special interest’ rose The programme of measures to reduce London Rail & Underground’s Director of Strategy & Service above 70. Although not precluding structural overcrowding, improve travelling conditions Development, and his team at TfL for their assistance in the compilation of this special review. changes, this status imposes restrictions and increase capacity is well underway. It

www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org FEBRUARY 2014 / 79 London, 1 October 2014 Recognising excellence and innovation in the global light and urban rail sector

Entries open – 1 March 2014

For advanced booking Vicky Binley and sponsorship details t +44 (0)1733 367602 contact: @ [email protected]

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In association with www.lightrailawards.com

LR14 Ad.indd 1 13/01/2014 09:16 Toulouse

Initially a minor part of the planned SYSTEMS network, the city’s FRANCE single tramline is expanding towards FACTFILE the central area and to serve Europe’s No. Toulouse, Toulouse greatest aerospace 77 France concentration.

anking French cities is Modern buildings plan, the EUR212m project initially main railway axis is also in the east, problematic, their placing border the initial T1 designated as line E was implemented with the SNCF’s principal station, dependent upon nearby route: Alstom Citadis in 2007. Opened as T1 in 2010, it Toulouse-Matabiau, alongside communes being included 302 5007 near joined a network branded Tisséo since the canal. Zénith. or excluded. Nevertheless, 2002 which was by 2011 covering The metropolitan area’s north-west Rthe Midi-Pyrénées regional capital of a population of 867 000. Later region was not intensively settled, Toulouse is now widely-regarded as wholly in the public sector, Tisséo yet expansion was imminent in this France’s fourth largest city and is the replaced predecessor mixed-economy area dominated by the aerospace fastest growing amongst the country’s organisation SEMVAT. sector and in need of better public metropolitan areas. By that time a metro using the transport. Metro expansion was an The only modern Toulouse tramway Matra-developed Siemens third-rail, option, but was inherently expensive (T1) was, upon opening, largely in rubber-tyred VAL system was already for capability beyond the demands the communes of Beauzelle and established; the first line (A) opened of the districts covered; trolleybus . In spite of a population little in June 1993. Running north-east and modes were also over 22 000, the name Blagnac has to south-west, line A’s northern considered. With modern French light international recognition, being in extension opened in December 2003, rail systems then proving their worth, the title of Toulouse’s airport and the while the north-south line B opened Toulouse opted for a tramway. home of Airbus, including its main throughout in June 2007. Opening French tramways often assembly plant. The metro is situated mostly east prompts strike threats: in Toulouse, The transport planning and All pictures by of the Garonne, with the city centre however, there was no ‘back from delivery body for the agglomeration is Neil Pulling, taken spread in a curve between the river the brink’ as is the norm and the SMAT. Part of its 2001 urban transport 14-15 October 2013. and the Canal du Midi to the east. The official launch was cancelled. Revenue

www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org FEBRUARY 2014 / 81 Toulouse

THE FLEET

With 18 ordered in 2006, converted options took the fleet of Citadis 302 bi-directional, air-conditioned trams to 24 (numbered 5001-24), sufficient for impending extensions. Five- sections over 32m and 2.4m wide, they have capacity for 157 standing, 52 seated. Built at Alstom’s Aytré, La Rochelle factory, they were received between May 2009-February 2010. The road route through rural districts as used by Airbus for delivering A380 ‘Super Jumbo’ sections was adopted to bring in the trams. Badging near the end doors indicates a styling collaboration between Alstom and Airbus: similarity between tram cab roof vents and the Airbus logo, also sky-blue ceiling panels are possible manifestations. Coloured flourishes have been added to the original unbroken silver flanks below the side windows. Onboard line diagrams do not give interchange information, this being provided in separate frames. Trams and stop locations allow for potential extension to 42m lengths. The metro has 90 VAL vehicles, 29 original 206 (now fully refurbished) with the remainder being the more numerous and slightly wider 208/208NG. All are 26m long and 2.06-2.08m wide. Pending infrastructure changes, single operation is the norm.

TOP: Tisséo “Until the identifies 14 educational sites December 2013 on extended T1: students alighting at extension, with Patinoire-Baradels which has staggered the delivery of the platforms. ‘Tram Garonne’ ABOVE LEFT: Original terminus Arènes: barriers project, T1 existed in the background indicate the Tram largely as opened, Garonne extension that opened in late 10.9km (6.8 miles) in December 2013.

with 18 stops LEFT: The layout at Place G Brassens between termini.” in Blagnac is representative of most T1 stops.

82 / FEBRUARY 2014 www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org

NETWORK FACTS Opened: December 2010 (original electric network, 1906-57) Lines: 1 Stops: 24 Distance: 14.3km (8.9 miles) Depots: 1 Approx. weekday hours: 05.30-00.00 Main frequency: 8 minutes Gauge: 1435mm Power: 750V dc overhead supply Fleet: 24 Alstom Citadis 302 City network: Tisséo

INFORMATION City network: www.tisseo.fr Civic information: www.toulouse.fr Tourist information: www.toulouse-visit.com services began on 11 December remnants near Arènes Romaines stop, ABOVE: Track Servanty-Airbus and Pasteur-Mairie 2010, around two weeks later than T1 is fringed by modern residential near Arènes de Blagnac, the narrow road space is scheduled. buildings including many educational Romaines stop shared for local property access. The Until the 2013 extension, with and health establishments. The CHU curves around an two original termini each have a important collection the delivery of the ‘Tram Garonne’ university hospital near Purpan stop of Roman structures. park-and-ride site. project, T1 existed largely as opened, is estimated to receive 20 000 staff and The maximum eight-minute 10.9km (6.8 miles) with 18 stops other visitors each day. BELOW: The weekday frequency operates between between termini. Part of a metro, Most track, much of it grassed, lies future Toulouse- 07.00-20.30, offering 32-minute railway and bus interchange, in reserved space. In spite of the huge Blagnac airport end-to-end journey times. Mostly city-end Arènes is overlooked by Airbus buildings nearby, land between Envol line terminus with facing side platforms, stops have towering residential blocks. It was Beauzelle stop and northern terminus in October 2013. shelters designed for sun shading as the only original overtly urban Aéroconstellation awaits more well as wind or rain protection in this stop, for soon after leaving Arènes, developments for the Andromède area prone to weather extremes. suburban characteristics prevail. ‘eco-district.’ Garossos depot is near A peak frequency of 80 seconds With the notable exception of Roman the terminus platforms. Between is made possible by VAL’s automatic

www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org FEBRUARY 2014 / 83 Toulouse operation rather than train capacity Installation contractor Alstom used that makes the metro Tisséo’s high- its Appitrack system on the project. volume carrier. Line A (12.5 km/18 Giving closer tram access to central stations) has some surface sections, Toulouse, the T1 extension eases with line B (15.7km/20 stations) fully demand on overcrowded metro line A underground; each has a depot. There by adding direct access to line B at the is one interchange between the lines, new tram terminus, Palais de Justice. city-centre Jean Jaurès, which has a A network curiosity is SNCF- nearby non-revenue track connection. operated line C with six stations. Mainly lined in white tiles and with Worked by TER Midi-Pyrénées diesel assorted art installations, stations units, Tisséo tickets are valid between follow VAL pioneer Lille, with large Arènes (the station retains the SNCF upper circulation areas leading to identity Toulouse Saint-Cyprien) and rather small platforms, as opposed Colomiers, about 7km (4.3 miles) to to Turin’s spacious vaults around the the west. A 30-minute frequency is track’s platform-edge doors. supplemented by some longer distance Two months of normal operation trains. Line C and T1 are adjacent for without passengers – and the issuing much of the way to Zénith, one of of another strike notice – preceded France’s largest entertainment venues. ‘Tram Garonne’ joining the T1 service. To reduce crowd bunching, the tram “Tisséo claims the greatest The EUR115m project added 3.4km stop was intentionally set away from (2.1 miles) and six stops to T1 east the stadium. Filling gaps in rail proportional passenger increase from Arènes on 20 December 2013. coverage are over 80 Tisséo bus lines. To cross the Garonne, the existing Toulouse is far enough from Paris of all French urban networks over Pont Saint Michel had road space and the LGV high-speed lines for partitioned to accommodate track. the airport to maintain significant the five years to 2012.”

ABOVE: Trams 5004 and 5024 at Aéroconstellation with depot access tracks in the foreground.

FAR LEFT: One of the earlier vehicles, a VAL 206, leaves Jolimont.

LEFT: An SNCF X73500 diesel forms a Tisséo line C service at Toulouse Saint-Cyprien station, part of Arènes interchange.

BELOW LEFT: Garossos depot, Beauzelle; there is already sufficient stock for the extensions.

84 / FEBRUARY 2014 www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org

domestic and international demand. a second Garonne crossing to join ABOVE: Metro line A’s 2003 extension spans roads and the Hers In spite of T1 coming within 800m existing T1 track. Extending north river in a rare surface presence near Argoulets. of the airport, the cluster of aviation- of Aéroconstellation is also under related jobs supports adding a branch consideration. BELOW: Reconfigured space near Place du Relais; in the far distance trams and cars share the road to Servanty-Airbus. from a new junction between Ancely Although T1 previously fell short and Servanty-Airbus stops. The 2.4km of projected ridership, for 2012 (1.5-mile) ‘Envol’ (Flight) line will add there was a 15% increase over the three new stops including a terminus 2011 performance. Tisséo claims immediately outside Toulouse Blagnac that overall its has the greatest Hall C; opening is due in April 2015. proportional passenger increase of all Reports on the ‘Canal’ project French urban networks over the five for adding 8km (five miles) to the years to 2012. tramway are expected in 2014. This envisages running further east of the Current maps and (in French centre including Matabiau station language section only) reference to by 2019, looping to the north on projects: www.tisseo.fr

ESSENTIAL FACTS Local travel: Tisséo ticket Journée’ for unrestricted touristique. Toulouse has an sales and information use, one, two or three days attractive central area with office is situated outside are at EUR5.50/8.50/10.50. prominent buildings, many airport terminus Hall B Ticket machines at tram in the pink brick and tile arrivals. Using network and metro. that give the city the ‘Ville fares, bus 66 – change Very comprehensive Rose’ tag. Explore the city at Ancely for T1. Check information and maps are on foot from metro stations for network coverage if available at staffed offices, like Jean Jaurès or Capitole, using the specially-priced including Arènes, close to the latter building and vast Airport Shuttle bus to the tram platforms. square regarded as the city city centre. Single network centre. River and Canal tickets cost EUR1.60 with What is there to see? du Midi boat trips. Airbus defined changes within Recommended is the factory tour information: one hour; use the ‘Pass widely-available free Plan www.manatour.fr

www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org FEBRUARY 2014 / 85 Metrolink expansion PREPARING METROLINK FOR EXPANSION The past year has seen unprecedented change for Manchester Metrolink; TAUT explores just one of the projects that has led to early line openings and an increase in customer satisfaction.

pening three new extensions. Such a complex expansion programme The project as implemented looked at the Integrating more Bombardier has proven challenging, but one key tasks and requirements of each person as part trams as well as increasing the innovation has helped it run smoothly. Enter of the whole and adapted the technology driver complement. Moving to Ian Rowe Associates (IRAL). Director Ian to meet these requirements. Following a a new state-of-the-art control Rowe explains: “We’ve been involved with successful transition, literally overnight, andO operations centre. Introducing an all-new Metrolink for a while in our role as human client Transport for Greater Manchester signalling and tram management system. factors consultants. (TfGM) and operator Metrolink RATP Dev Ltd Any of the above could provide a major “Our first project was a study for the design (MRDL) asked IRAL to look at another, more headache for any light rail operator, but and implementation of the new control complex challenge aligned with the system’s imagine facing all of them in just 12 months centre at the Old Trafford depot. But moving rapid expansion – training drivers on new while also building more new lines and from Queens Road involved more than routes and with the new Thales-supplied coping with record amounts of passengers – just upgraded systems and a bigger control Tramway Management System (TMS). and without significantly increasing staffing room. Taking a socio-technical approach, For Metrolink, this integrated package levels. Manchester Metrolink has done all of the project was as much about people and replaces fixed block signalling on routes that this… and more. cultural change as it was technology.” used former heavy rail technology and offers numerous advantages in terms of more precise vehicle location, allowing for more accurate passenger information services and closer headways. As such, IRAL was asked to look at the most efficient way of training drivers on not one, but two new challenges. A form of computer ‘simulator’ was chosen, but when asked to search the market to find a suitable solution, the consultancy drew a blank. Rowe continues: “We looked hard, but couldn’t find anything that met the project’s requirements. There are ‘hobbyist’ simulators that teach the basics of route movements and simplified vehicle control, or at the other end of the scale there are multi-million pound vehicle cab simulators that teach a far more precise vehicle driving experience.” Gary Scanlon, MRDL expansion manager, told TAUT: “Neither solution was really suitable. The first was too simplified and the cab simulator was too expensive and too inflexible for our timescales and the ABOVE: Metrolink’s Old Trafford control centre is twice the size of the previous room at Queens Road.TAUT number of drivers. We wanted something that could teach drivers the new lines and the BELOW: The realism of the virtual environment of Tram-Pro was created from a combination of design plans, TMS system, while being easily and quickly detailed site photography and surveys, and Ordnance Survey data. Tram-Pro expandable and flexible and cost-effective enough for multiple users.” The result is Tram-Pro, a collaborative effort that uses existing and affordable technology in an innovative and easily customisable manner. The pilot project was based around a busy junction on the South Manchester line at Firswood that opened in 2011. Yet even from, as Ian admits, a fairly simplistic ‘beta’ version of the software, it proved its value and potential immediately. Rowe says: “Gary has been the in-house champion of the Tram-Pro project and this has been invaluable. His team of trainers and drivers have delivered valuable feedback and often ask ‘can we model this?’ The answer is usually yes and it never takes very long for our in-house developers to deliver an evolution of the software.” Although sometimes slightly misleadingly referred to a simulator, Tram-Pro is actually a ‘part-task trainer’ (recognised by the UK’s Rail Safety and Standards Board) and has

86 / FEBRUARY 2014 www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org been used to great effect to allow drivers to try new manoeuvres and drive new routes before these have even been finished. Gary Scanlon says: “Route training traditionally involves either taking vehicles out of service during the day, or running through the night. Neither of these are desirable, and as we only have a window of around four hours each night, it would have taken months to train over 250 drivers. “Introducing TMS required additional driver training and on some of the busiest ABOVE: A comparison of a lines, junctions and interchanges on the still image from network. There was no way we could have an M5000 cab ever attempted an overnight switch of (right) shows systems without Tram-Pro.” the impressive The software uses the latest computer rendering of the gaming engine technology to deliver an virtual lines. incredibly realistic and instantly recognisable Tram-Pro on-screen representation of the Metrolink LEFT: In-built lines, routes and even trackside scenery and software landmarks, but one that importantly can run allows detailed on a PC laptop (albeit a high-spec one). analysis of each The latter is significant as it makes the session. MRDL system portable and cost-effective. Scanlon says: “We can deliver consistent route training to six drivers in the time it used to take to train conditions can be trained at any time of year, TfGM has been so impressed that each one – and using one minder-trainer rather and in a completely safe virtual environment. new extension is being modelled in the than six and with no additional resource in Such scenarios, alongside stray pedestrians same way. Metrolink Director Peter Cushing terms of vehicle or service downtime.” and vehicles on the line, can also be trained commented: “The implementation of Although no detailed figures have been multiple times to increase awareness of such Tram-Pro has been an extremely successful calculated (we’re told this is being looked dangers – making the unexpected, expected. project. It has supported our challenging into), the cost and environmental savings The most important factor in any cultural expansion programme, enabling us to open of delivering a room and six laptops for a change is convincing the disbelievers – but the new line sections on time and with full day rather than six trams running for two or this has been easy in Manchester. “You always confidence that the training of drivers and three hours each with a total of 12 staff (one get the cynics,” Scanlon explains. “But even controllers has been comprehensive. driver, one minder-trainer) and the associated some of the strongest doubters have been “The simulator has been consistently extra operational costs is massive. convinced of Tram-Pro’s benefits once they’ve delivered on time and with full functionality Although confidentiality prevents the full seen it in practice and seen how good it is. for every track section covered... the disclosure of the project’s cost, TAUT has Some can’t believe we ever did without it.” measurable benefits have been extensive. been assured that it should pay for itself very A survey of Metrolink drivers after using “TfGM recognised the quality and quickly and deliver a return on investment Tram-Pro prior to driving one of the new capability and took the view that purchasing of greater than ten times. An example of lines for real measured an incredible 98.7% the simulator and making it a Metrolink asset this is that 45 drivers per week are being positive response. As Ian Rowe comments: was a sound investment.” trained on the new Oldham Town Centre “Any business change procedure that delivers Following successful implementation – and route that opens in January – impossible by a 70-80% positive response can be deemed a recognition at the 2013 Light Rail Awards – conventional methods. success, so almost 99% is astonishing.” Tram-Pro has already drawn interest from other “The scale of growth in Manchester could Scanlon adds: “The drivers have taken to LRT operators, and MRDL is also in the process never happen without this project. Time is the project really well. It has reduced training of creating a ‘Driver Academy’ to allow further more valuable than money given the tight time from approximately nine hours per drivers to be trained using the system as more timescales and complexity of Metrolink’s driver, per new route to around one hour and new lines open over the next two to three years. expansion,” Scanlon tells TAUT. “That this is gives the drivers increased confidence for IRAL also told TAUT that development is such a simple and user-focused system, that when they drive the route for real.” ongoing on a virtual reality version to further doesn’t require a huge capital or technical Beyond just driver training, the benefits increase the immersive environment. outlay, only increases its value.” are also being realised for controllers and a A ‘virtual minder’ delivers (importantly, network version is due to be implemented Ian Rowe Associates will be at this year's UK non-judgemental) audio commentary and in 2014 that will allow for multiple route Light Rail Conference in Nottingham, providing detailed session analysis tools give trainers a training and easier comparison of driver data. demonstrations of Tram-Pro. ‘black box’ to monitor drivers’ performance over any given modelled route or series of movements. Scanlon explains: “As each DRIVING A ‘VIRTUAL’ TRAM session is recorded in detail with simple- to-use reporting tools, we can benchmark TAUT Editor Simon Johnston visited Metrolink's A good test of any form of ‘simulator’ is in how particular drivers and identify trends and Old Trafford depot to try Tram-Pro and found it makes you feel when at the controls, as our himself on a virtual tour of Metrolink, recognising Editor explains: “The level of realism of the virtual areas for further training. It also picks up key landmarks and particular junctions whilst environment is incredible and really makes you details that a minder may not immediately also learning the specific challenges of the new concentrate. I could even feel my heart rate rising spot, so bad habits can be easily ‘unlearnt’ as routes and TMS system. and my concentration increasing on the approach well as delivering new training. The graphs The lifelike virtual cab environment ensures to complex junctions and stops. and statistics never lie.” an important sense of familiarity with an M5000, “As any gamer will tell you, the experience is Driver error and post-incident analysis but without having every control simulated. key. I didn’t feel daunted with the complexity of adds a key safety element to the reporting Remember, this is not teaching you how to drive having to learn to drive a tram, I could focus on mechanism, Scanlon says. a tram, it is more focused on the behaviour of the learning the route, my braking points and my vehicle in relation to a new rail environment. The acceleration curves to keep it all smooth – and Another key advantage is the ability to simple joystick control allows the sounding of the most importantly safe. model rarely-used movements and unusual or horn, signal requests and precise acceleration “The inclusion of other trams that behave in a special scenarios. For example, the associated and braking. realistic manner only adds to the realism.” hazards of running in thick fog or winter

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AUSTRALIA ADELAIDE. The second H class tram to be refurbished for heritage use by Bluebird Rail at Islington was 367. TW BRISBANE. 75 1067mm gauge six-car suburban EMUs have been ordered from a Bombardier-led consortium. Delivery will start at the end of 2015. The Darra – Springfield branch opened on 2 December. TA GOLD COAST. Tracklaying on the 13km (eight-mile) LRT line was completed on 20 December. . PwC has been awarded a AUD135 000 (EUR89 000) contract to prepare a funding submission to Infrastructure Australia for the light rail project. Hobart Mercury . The corner of Flinders and Spencer Streets now boasts an 8m upright sculpture representing W7 tram 1040 (the last W) entitled ‘Raising the Rattler Pole (The Last of the Connies)’. TA PERTH. On 18 December State Treasurer Plzen 361 is the first Vario LF2/2N low-floor tram from the Czech company Pragoimex. A. Stastny Troy Buswell announced that the proposed AUD1.9bn (EUR1.25bn) including 35 new trams and the BRAZIL to carry out planning work for a Metro Area Express Light Rail 1km (0.6-mile) extension of line GOIÂNIA. The state government tramway, but it is understood that project would be deferred for 7, due to open in 2016. J IR of Goiás has awarded a BRR500m this may be rejected by TransLink, three years under a package of WIEN (Vienna). Siemens has (EUR155m) contract for a 13.6km which is promoting extension of its measures to reduce state debt. delivered A1 ULF trams 93-96. (8.5-mile) light rail line to Skytrain light metro. City of Surrey Construction of the 22km Withdrawn for scrapping are Anhanguera to a consortium of TORONTO. An ice storm on 22 (13.7-mile) project – to serve the E1 4545, 4820/31 and E 2 Odebrecht (90%) and Brazilian bus December caused disruption to city’s inner north, central west 4036/94, plus c3 trailers 1116/90, operators (10%) under a 35-year services, including closure of the and eastern suburbs – had been 1210/33. EB PPP concession (the total project Scarborough RT line. Regular scheduled to begin construction cost is BRR1.3bn/EUR402.6m). tram service returned to Kingston in 2016 with an AUD432m AZERBAIJAN The line is due to open in 2016 Rd (routes 502 and 503) from 23 (EUR285m) allocation from the GANJA. Azerbaijan’s second city, and will require 30 33m LRVs, December. A preserved PCC was 2013-14 state budget. The first population 330 000, is to begin carrying 240 000 passengers/day used in service between Woodbine phase was envisaged to open by construction on a 6.5km (four- after a year of operation. The city and Bingham on the first day. the end of 2019. Completion has mile) Translohr rubber-tyred has a population of 1.3 million. At Metrolinx has shortlisted two now been put back to 2022. tramway in 2014, to be served the moment the proposed corridor consortia to build and equip SYDNEY. 2112, the first of 12 by 13 TL cars, under a turnkey is served by articulated buses using the Eglinton Crosstown line CAF 33m five-section Urbos 3 contract with Alstom. Azer News dedicated bus lanes. RGI (excluding subway construction, trams for the extending Lilyfield already in progress). Crosslink light rail line, was delivered to BELGIUM Transit Solutions is led by Pyrmont depot on 20 December. BRUXELLES/BRUSSEL. By SOFIA. 2301, the first of 20 30m SNC-Lavalin, and Crosstown Urbos 2 2108-10 are ex-Malaga 2017 new tramway workshops five-section PESA Swing 122Na Transit Partners by Bechtel. 001-3 and 2111 is ex-Sevilla 105. and paint booths will be 100% low-floor trams being built VANCOUVER. Bombardier has The second contract for concentrated at Haren, enabling for the 1009mm-gauge system was been awarded a five-year contract the North West Rail Link was the existing facilities at Rue de delivered on 29 November. to operate West Coast Express awarded to an Italian consortium Belgrade (bogies/electrical) and The trams cost EUR1.66m each, commuter rail services from May, on 18 December. The AUD340m Rue de Cureghem (bodywork) to and will enter service on lines 1 taking over from CP. A. Shterrn (EUR224m) deal covers the be closed; various intermediate and 7 during 2014. A. Stoyanov WATERLOO – KITCHENER. 4km (2.5-mile) elevated section phases are planned as the Haren Three consortia have submitted between Bella Vista and Rouse Hill. site is rebuilt for buses and trams. CANADA tenders for the DBOM PPP contract The 36km (22.4-mile) automated Special events organised by OTTAWA. The second stage of for the first LRT line: GrandLinq line is to open in 2019. J. Chuang MTUB will take place on 1 May to the planned light rail system was (Kiewit/Keolis), Transit Partners mark the centenary of the tramway approved by the city council on 26 (Infrastructure Partnership/ linking Midi and Montgomery November, which should take rails Alternative Concepts) and Tricity GMUNDEN. The tramway at the (line 81). T-2000 to Algonquin College, Bayshore Transit (SNC Lavalin/URS); railway station is to be rebuilt Shopping Centre, Place d’Orleans 14 Bombardier Flexity Freedom this spring with a new terminus BORNEO and Riverside South (O-train). LRVs will operate the 19km on the same side of the road as a KOTA KINABALU. Chinese CAD25m (EUR17.3m) will be (11.8-mile) line from 2017. IRJ new station building, and a new planners have offered to design spent on a smartcard ticketing park-and-ride facility. EB plans for a tramway system to system for the bus and light rail CHILE GRAZ. The European Investment ease traffic congestion in the network. Ottawa Sun SANTIAGO. A consortium of CAF Bank is providing EUR95m in capital of Sabah state. However, VANCOUVER. The suburban and Thales has been awarded a loans to finance investment in some politicians have said that a city of Surrey is seeking CAD1.9bn USD452m (EUR332.6m) contract the city’s tramway system, monorail is needed. A.Bailey (EUR1.32bn) in federal funding for trains and signalling on metro

88 / FEBRUARY 2014 www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org lines 3 and 6. CAF will supply and FRANCE FRANKFURT-AM-MAIN. The are expected. The EU is to provide maintain 185 cars for automatic BORDEAUX. Alstom is about to section of line 21 in Kleyer Strasse, HUF8.3bn (EUR27.8m) in funding, train operation, and Thales will complete delivery of a further 26 used inbound in the morning peak and the work should be complete install CBTC signalling. The new 43m Citadis 402 low-floor trams and outbound in the evening in summer 2015. IRJ lines are under construction for (2801-26), equipped with the APS peak, was used for the last time DEBRECEN. After a first trial run completion in 2017-18. RGI ground-level supply. In the ten on 13 December. All line 21 trams on 4 December, the new 7.3km years since this system was first now use Mainzer Landstrasse in (4.5-mile) tramline 2 to Doberdó CHINA introduced in December 2003, both directions. DS útca is set to open on 1 March. BEIJING. Metro line 8 was Bordeaux has equipped 14km FREIBURG IM BREISGAU. Finance of EUR67m came from extended at each end on 28 (8.7 miles) of its 44km (27.3 miles) The city centre will be closed to the EU. IRJ December, from Huilongguan tram network with APS. trams from 10 June to 26 October Dongdajie to Zhuxinzhuang Intermediate crossovers are to permit track reconstruction at INDIA and from Guloudajie to being laid at six locations to permit Bertoldsbrunnen. R. Deacon DELHI. Test running on the Nanluoguxiang. urbanrail.net short workings to be offered over HANNOVER. The second new 2.5km (1.55-mile) Phase III of GUANGZHOU. New metro the busiest sections of routes. Line tram, 3002, was delivered on the metro between Mandi line 6 linking Xunfeng and C platforms are being extended to 20 December. DS House and Central Secretariat Changban was inaugurated on accommodate 44m trams. KASSEL. The use of Regiotram started on 30 December. Passenger 28 December. urbanrail.net The swing bridge Pont des cars on line RT3 to Warburg ceased service is expected to begin in HONG KONG. MTR Corporation Écluses was reopened for tramway with the 15 December timetable March. RGI has awarded Alstom a EUR41m operation from 2 December. change. This date also marked MUMBAI. Final safety approval contract to build the extension A. Senut a change in the management for the new monorail was expected of the Ma On Shan metro from LYON. Metro line B was extended arrangements, with DB staff no to be given in early January, with Tai Wai to link with West Rail to to Gare d’Oulins (1.8km, 1.1 miles, longer driving Regiotram cars. the hope that passenger services form the new 22km (13.7-mile) of bored tunnel under the Rhône) RegioTram Gesellschaft is now could start before the end of the Shatin – Central line. RGI on 11 December. a joint venture of KVG and HLB month. Times of India MACAU. Although construction The Administrative Court under a ten-year contract. DS of the light metro began in 2009, of Appeal has cancelled the LEIPZIG. Sunday 15 December IRELAND several new plans for the Macau declaration of public utility for saw the opening of the City- DUBLIN. Ridership totals were section have been made since then, the tramway extension to Grand Tunnel between Hbf and MDR issued for 2013 in mid-December and no final decision is expected Stade, as described in TAUT 912, via Markt and Bayerischer Bhf, and showed that Luas had carried until mid-2014. It is now unlikely because the costs submitted in permitting the introduction of more that 30 million passengers that passenger service will start the application were understated. the S-Bahn Mitteldeutschland, as during the year to date, expected to until 2016. A. Bailey Sytral will lodge an appeal to the follows: S1, Miltitzer Allee – Riesa; rise to 30.3m by the year-end. This SHANGHAI. Two new metro High Court. A. Senut S2, Bitterfeld – Markkleeberg- is a further increase in numbers. lines opened on 29 December: LYON/NANTES. A f ter a n Gaschwitz; S3, Halle – Stötteritz; Luas does not require an line 12 from Tiantonglu to incident caused by a broken axle in S4, Hoyerswerda – Geithain; S5, operational subsidy and is Jinhailu (19km, 11.8 miles), and early December, SNCF decided to Flughafen – Zwickau. There are regarded by the Irish Government line 16 from Luoshanlu line 11 withdraw all Alstom Citadis Dualis also S1 journeys between Messe as one of the greatest success stories interchange to Dishuihu (52km, tram-trains from service. On the and Oschatz. Services are provided in Irish transport history. 32.3 miles). urbanrail.net Lyon Ouest lines a temporary by DB using 51 ET442 units. As part of proposals to attract SUZHOU. Saturday 28 December timetable valid until 30 March PLAUEN. The first low-floor more passengers to tram, bus and saw the inauguration of metro was posted. trams, Bombardier Flexity 301/2, rail services in the Dublin region, line 2, from North Railway Station An investigation has begun into entered regular passenger service late night facilities were provided to Baodaiqiao South. urbanrail.net interaction between bogies and on 8 December. DS over the Christmas and New Year WUHAN. Metro line 4 linking track at speeds up to 100km/h ROSTOCK. The delivery of period – the first for many years. Wuhan Railway Station and (62mph). SNCF Vossloh-Kiepe Tramlink 100% On Luas a 30-minute Wuhchang Railway Station MARSEILLE. Bombardier has low-floor trams 701-13 (built in was provided on the Green line opened on 28 December. delivered six 42.5m seven-section Valencia) began on 29 November. only until 03.30 on main shopping urbanrail.net Flexity Outlook trams, needed for They will replace the remaining and entertainment days. ZHENGZHOU. Metro operation the extension of line T2 from Tatra trams when they enter Also being heavily promoted is began on 28 December, with the Cours Saint-Louis to Castellane service this spring. DS the Leap smartcard, with almost inauguration of line 1 (25.4km, (1.2 km, 0.75 miles). EA STRAUSBERG. It is understood 400 000 now in circulation since 15.8 miles, Xiliuhu – Sports PARIS. The declaration of public that rather than retaining one of its launch in December 2011. Center). urbanrail.net utility for the 3.7km (2.3-mile), the three high-floor Tatra KT8D5 EUR198m extension of tramline trams in the fleet, Strausburg is to ISRAEL CZECH REPUBLIC T7 to Juvisy-sur-Orge was granted purchase an example from Praha JERUSALEM. Tram service LIBEREC. The Tatra RT6S low- on 3 December. The line should already fitted with a low-floor was brought to a halt for four floor tram 85 of 1998, in storage open in 2018, terminating at the centre section. DS days when a severe snowstorm since 2003, has been sold for use RER station; 12 more trams will be overwhelmed the tracks and as a café in Vrchlabi. KT4D 105 delivered by Alstom. IRJ caused a power cut on the evening (ex-Gera 2004) has been sold on to ST ETIENNE. Tenders have been ATHINA. Attiko Metro has of 12 December. Yeshiva World Szeged in Hungary. T3R 65, 69 and invited for three double-ended invited tenders for the delivery 82 have received new bodies. DS trams, with an option for 13 of 25 new trams, for delivery in ITALY PLZEN. The first Pragoimex more. The undertaking recently 2016-17. This is to provide for the GENOVA – CASELLA (FGC). six-axle double-ended 100% low- sought prices for the mid-life extension of the system to Piraeus. Services on the light railway floor (but not entirely step-free) refurbishment of its first 20 cars. Metro line 3 was extended were suspended from 11 November LF2/2 tram is undergoing trials as from Egaleo to Aghia Marina on for four months to permit Plzen 361. iDNES.cz GERMANY 14 December. DS replacement of bridges. TR BERLIN. The first of 48 double- NAPOLI. Tuesday 31 December ended 40m Bombardier Flexity HUNGARY saw the opening of the metro HELSINKI. Duewag tram 154 Berlin (9003) was delivered on BUDAPEST. On 6 December BKK line 1 extension from Universita (ex-Mannheim 455 and built in 13 December. issued a tender for the construction to . Trains now run 1969), acquired by HKL in 2005, BREMEN. The last use of of a new tramline connecting through from Piscinola to has been donated to a museum surviving Wegmann set routes 17 and 19, and including Garibaldi. The intermediate group in Mannheim and is now 3530+3734 on football special the upgrading of route 17. Bids station at is not yet back in Germany. DS workings was 21 December. DS around HUF10bn (EUR33.5m) complete. urbanrail.net

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KAZAKHSTAN St. Tram service is still suspended low-floor centre sections to extend SANKT PETERBURG. A ASTANA. The tramway project due to redevelopment work on the ex-Berlin Tatra KT4D trams. new tramline 9 was launched in the Kazakh capital has been existing loop. Voxy.co.nz in the northern suburbs on abandoned after the Asian CHRISTCHURCH. The official RUSSIA 16 September, linking Piskarevka Development Bank refused to re-opening for the reinstated city DZERZHINSK. Only two and Metro Udelnaya. By October provide a loan, labelling the centre heritage tramway took place tramlines were operating at the this line had already been proposal as too expensive. on 27 November, when mayor end of 2013: 1, Tram Depot 1 – extended from Metro Udelnaya will now be Lianne Dalziel cut a ribbon at city centre – Ul Sverdlova; 4, to Suzdalskiy Prospect. Y. Lvov substituted. ‘trend’ Cathedral Junction. Shveynaya Fabrica – Pushkino st TULA. Uralvagonzavod – Vokzal. Tram depot 1 was sold completed delivery of 71-407 MALAYSIA off as a warehouse, but there bogie trams with low-floor centre KUALA LUMPUR. The fleet OSLO. Metro line 2 was re- is no passenger service on the sections 1-9 in January. of cars on the Ampang light extended from Gjønnes to Avløs line from Sewing Factory to the transphoto.ru rail line will be boosted by 30 on 15 December. The whole line surviving depot 2. The surviving YAROSLAVL. E nt hu sia st s six-car trains ordered from China’s to Kolsås will re-open later this fleet is KTM-5 trams in a variety are hoping to restore a KTM-1 CSR Zhuzhou Electric. Some of year. Siemens has been awarded of liveries. The flat fare is RUR12 tram to mark the system’s 115th the trains will be assembled in a contract for signalling and train (EUR0.26) collected by roving anniversary in December 2015. Malaysia. Global Times control equipment at the new conductors. N. Semyonov The two-axle tram has served as a Avløs metro depot, due to open in KAZAN. Operations have been works car in Ivanovo. N. Semyonov June 2015. urbanrail.net, RGI reduced to just six tramlines (once AMSTERDAM. Tramline 25 20): 1, Vokzal – Ul Khimikov; 2, SINGAPORE (CS – President Kennedylaan) was POLAND Vokzal – Avtovokzal – Rechnoy MASS RAPID TRANSIT. The withdrawn on 15 December due KATOWICE. The first of 30 Vokzal; 3, Vokzal – Beriskovo; first section of the Downtown to low ridership figures caused three-section 32m PESA 2012N 4, Ul Khalitova – Metro Gorki – line automated metro between by a long period of diversion away Twist 74% low-floor trams (820) Mikrorayon 10; 5, Vokzal – Metro Chinatown and Bugis (4.3km/2.7 from Ferdinad Bolstraat. was delivered to Tramwaje Slaskie Pobedy – Solnechniy Gorod; miles) opened on 21 December; Combino trams are suffering in November, and unveiled at 6, Ul Khalitova – Vokzal 2 – Ul 11 Movia three-car trains have from leaks, a problem emphasised a ceremony in Zabrze on 22 Khimikov. Routes 3 and 5 are to been supplied by Bombardier by open storage at Havenstraat November, marking 115 years of be merged to form a city circular (assembled in China). The and Zeeburg depots; 2010 has electric tramway operation in the route. The mixed fleet of trams 42km (26-mile) line will be been returned to Siemens for conurbation. The new trams will seems appears too small to cope completed in 2017. RGI investigation of the problem. OR be used on routes 15 and 20 from with peak loadings. N. Semyonov ROTTERDAM. Tram service to next spring. KOLOMNA. KTM-23 tram 027 Vlaardingen Holy resumed on KRAKÓW. MPK has chosen has been painted in a special MAKKAH (). Metro lines 2 December. Surviving 700-series PESA to supply 36 low-floor Olympic livery to meet the torch 2 (11km, 6.8 miles) and 3 trams are 702-6/9-14/20/3/49/50, trams. The 42.8m cars will be to relay for the Sochi games – to be (33km/20.5 miles) have with some in use during the winter the manufacturer’s Twist design, held in February. The flat fare is now been approved, for timetable. with delivery starting in January RUR25 (EUR0.55), with roving construction by 2017 at a Metro cars sent to Bursa are 2015. These will be the longest conductors. N. Semyonov projected cost of SAR62bn 5206/7/28/35. It is understood that trams in Poland. RGI KRASNOYARSK. The selection (EUR12.17bn). RGI a dealer has sold 19 similar cars to POZNAN. The city is to of the city for the 2020 World Monterrey in Mexico. OR separate tram infrastructure and Student Games has revived SPAIN UTRECHT. The Nieuwegein operations from December, with hopes for a resumption of metro GRANADA. T he European light rail line has been operated infrastructure and rolling stock construction. N. Semyonov Investment Bank has released a by Qbuzz since 8 December, using transferred from MPK Poznan MOSKVA. Tramline 16 has been EUR130m loan to complete the the logo U-OV. OR to ZTM Poznan, which already diverted from Serpukhovskoy tramway project. IRJ manages tram stops and tracks Val to Nagatino (common MALAGA. On 21 December NEW ZEALAND modernised or built after 2008. terminus with lines 35 and 47). residents were invited to travel AUCKLAND. The mayor has The track will be leased back to N. Semyonov on pre-opening rides on the new asked the city council to authorise MPK Poznan for 15 years. PERM. A KTM-1 tram, until LRT system. metrodemalaga.info a loan of NZD7.3m (EUR4.4m) MPK Poznan will remain as recently in use as a works car in SÓLLER. The tramway was to finance the extension of the owner of the tram depots. RGI Krasnoturinsk, as been acquired closed 9- 24 December to permit Waterfront heritage tramway SZCZECIN. Tenders have for restoration as a museum car. the last phase of a track renewal across the Wynard bridge to Quay been invited for the supply of N. Semyonov programme to be completed. TR

The tramway system in the North Korean capital, Pyongyang, is operated by Tatra The Olympic torch on its way to the winter games in Sochi crossed from Europe trams, including this coupled set of T3 cars that once ran in Praha. T. V. Runnacles into Asia on a tram in the Russian city of Magnitogorsk. Maxtor

90 / FEBRUARY 2014 www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org SWITZERLAND underground transport network RHEINECK – WALZENHAUSEN as a solution to congestion. (RhW). The rack line is replaced The Deputy PM was by buses until 18 April while visiting Cambridge to sign a the single car is overhauled at memorandum of understanding Landquart. EA for a City Deal, under which a bigger share of tax revenues can TAIWAN be kept locally. It is hoped that TAIPEI. The Xinyi line the deal will provide up to was extended from Chiang GBP1bn (EUR1.2bn) to tackle Kai-shek Memorial Hall to affordable housing deficits and Xiangshan (6.4km/four miles) on transport issues. 24 November, after a ceremony The city is to investigate the the previous day attended by the possibility of an underground bus or President. urbanrail.net rail system, although initially only a GBP6m (EUR7.2m) investment THAILAND in transport links for Cambridge’s BANGKOK. T h u r s d a y second railway station, including 5 December saw the opening of an extension of the guided busway, the 3km (1.86-mile) western has been announced. extension of the Silom line from EDINBURGH. With the first Talat Phlu to Ban Wa. There were tram tested over the whole route The first Alstom Citadis for the Dubai tramway project is unloaded at the depot on free rides over the new section for on the night of 4-5 December, 17 December. Alstom the first month. IRJ speculation is growing that the line may receive passengers earlier will have customer points to help will form part of the GBP28m TUNISIA than May. Recent announcements tourists and sell tickets, and every (EUR33.5m) Bus Rapid Transit SFAX. Plans have been drawn have referred to ‘spring 2014’ station will be staffed while services scheme linking the city and up for a two-line tramway rather than a specific month. are running. London Underground Rotherham and saw part of the system that it is hoped will be A report in the Edinburgh has implemented a 90-day proposed tram-train project. operational by 2019. A. Senut Evening News revealed that only consultation on its proposals. TYNE & WEAR. A train has been GBP1m (EUR1.2m) was left in the Construction work was due to provided with a special East Coast contingency fund to allow for any start in January at Vauxhall Tube trains livery. The Metrocar has ISTANBUL. Sirkeci station on difficulties that might arise during station on a GBP36m (EUR43m) been ‘wrapped’ to look like the the new Marmaray rapid transit the remaining construction upgrade designed to support the front door of a commuter’s home line was opened on 1 December. period. The fund originally growth and regeneration of the as part of a GBP7m (EUR8.4m) urbanrail.net stood at GBP34m (EUR41m) but surrounding area. advertising campaign by the SAMSUN. CNR Tangshan Railway has mainly been taken up by MANCHESTER. S ome 13 mainline operator, which serves Vehicles has shipped the first additional utilities diversions. people were handed warrants Newcastle. The special livery will of five 100% low-floor trams Edinburgh’s council believes the for their arrest without bail in a appear in service for ten months, using an Antonov AN-225 majority of unexpected costs have week in mid-December by Bury until October. plane. The EUR7.5m contract been met and that the remaining Magistrates Court after failing WEST MIDLANDS. The launch required the first 42m three- contingency will be sufficient. to pay outstanding Metrolink of the Birmingham Mobility Action section tram to be delivered in Trams to and from the airport court fines totalling more than Plan (BMAP), has prompted Neil December; the remaining four will still face competition GBP16 000 (EUR19 000). Maybury of Birmingham Business were delivered by sea. from the dedicated bus service NOTTINGHAM. A new range Focus to ask Birmingham City The trams are needed to join currently operating from the city of tickets was introduced from 16 Council and transport authority the 16 AnsaldoBreda Sirio already centre. A new agreement has been December, providing unlimited Centro to take a fresh look at the operating to cope with an increase signed to retain the bus stopping travel on the network for one possibility of a monorail to link in passengers from 13m in 2011 arrangements at the airport until calendar month, three months, six New Street and Birmingham to 17m in 2012. CNTV.cn at least November 2018 for use by months or a year. As well as being International Airport. BMAP Lothian Buses’ 24-hour Airlink available from the Nottingham outlines a strategy for transport service, plus a local stopping Express Transit enquiry office, over the next 20 years. LVIV. The European Bank for service. Airlink buses currently the new tickets can be bought and Analysis of Treasury public Reconstruction and Development operate at ten-minute intervals stored using a smartphone. spending figures reveals that has agreed to provide a further for most of the day, although this NET was to run trams every public spending on transport in EUR6m, and the German will be subject to review after tram 30 minutes from Station Street London is GBP545 (EUR651) per Ministry for the Environment services begin. to Hucknall between 00.30 and head compared with GBP202 EUR5m for modernisation of the LONDON (DOCKLANDS). 0.200 on New Year’s Day for the (EUR241) in the West Midlands, tramway, including extension of Following a public consultation first time. which is also falling behind other line 4 to Sykhiv. offering three options for a revamp SOUTH YORKSHIRE. The UK regions at GBP213 (EUR255m) of the frontal livery of vehicles, Government has given the South per head for the North East, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES over 1700 responses were received Yorkshire Passenger Transport GBP265 (EUR317) for the North DUBAI. The first of 11 seven- with the most popular receiving Executive a one-off payment of West and GBP246 (EUR294) for section 44m Alstom Citadis trams just over 65% of the votes. GBP5m (EUR6m) to continue Yorkshire and the Humber. for the first phase of the Al Sufouh The winning design, due to be replacement of worn track on the line was shipped from France on rolled out across the whole fleet in Supertram network. Transport USA 21 November and delivered on 17 coming months, features a black minister Baroness Kramer CHARLOTTE, NC. Work on the December. Test runs outside the and red finish with a large version announced the funding during a 15km (9.3-mile) Uptown light depot were scheduled for the end of the DLR roundel. visit to Sheffield in early December. rail extension to the University of of the month. IRJ LONDON (UNDERGROUND). Track renewals will be delivered North Carolina will start this year, Ticket offices - accounting for just by SYPTE in partnership with for completion in 2017. E. B. Havens 3% of all fare transactions - are tram operator Stagecoach and DALLAS, TX. An ice storm on CAMBRIDGE. A visit by UK almost all planned to close by Sheffield City Council. 4 December brought about a Deputy Prime Minister Nick 2015, involving job cuts but no While in the city, Baroness three-day long shutdown of the Clegg gave an opportunity for a compulsory redundancies. Six Kramer also visited the site of the DART light rail system due to ice local businessman to promote an major central London stations planned Tinsley Viaduct, which on the overhead.

www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org FEBRUARY 2014 / 91 Worldwide Review

The McKinney Avenue heritage PHOENIX, AZ. F T A The main reason given by Durham – Chapel Hill LRT line, tramway has added restored bogie environmental approval has been TriMet for approving the sale to be built at a cost of USD1.29bn tram 754 (American 1926) to its received for the two-station 3km is that it will allow the agency (EUR948m), were discussed at the operating fleet. E. B. Havens (1.86-mile) light rail extension in to ‘repurpose’ the Rose Quarter first meeting of the Triangle Transit , CO. The USD343m Mesa to Gilbert Rd. Completion is VT depot for use by MAX light Authority advisory committee on contract to build the 30km (18.6- planned for 2018. rail maintenance-of-way crews, 22 November. A federal grant will mile) North Metro electrified The city council has given its which are currently based at the be sought to meet half the cost. commuter line from Union Station approval to an alignment for the two MAX depots (Ruby Junction E. B. Havens to 124th St in Thornton has been proposed South Phoenix light and Elmonica), both located far Note: This item was published last awarded to a Graham/Balfour rail line, along Central Avenue to from the central part of the system. month under Canada in error. Beatty/Hamon Constructors Baseline Rd. E. B. Havens The Portland Vintage Trolley SACRAMENTO, CA. A Siemens consortium, for completion in PORTLAND, OR. Portland service began in November S70 tram destined for Atlanta was 2018; there is an option to continue Streetcar 015, the unique 2009 1991, and it operated about 30- demonstrated in Sacramento on 13 to 162nd St. Hyundai Rotem will prototype (United Streetcar 40 weekends per year for most of December as part of the planning supply the trains. E. B. Havens model 10T3 and also the only car its life, even running seven days process for the proposed 5.3km, DETROIT, MI. The start of with Rockwell control), has been a week from 1994 to 1999. Cars (3.3-mile) USD150m (EUR110m), construction for the tramway temporarily taken out of service 513-4 ran on the West Sacramento – Convention project was on 3 December, for modifications, as planned. system from 2001 to 2005. For the Center tramway. Siemens builds when utility diversion work This work, which includes past three years, the VT service the S70 cars at its Sacramento commenced. E. B. Havens replacement of its low-voltage only ran for seven or eight days plant. E. B. Havens HONOLULU, HI. A change system and upgrading of its air a year. It had received very little ST LOUIS, MO. Two 1991 order with AnsaldoBreda will conditioning, is being carried publicity, causing it to become Gomaco replica bogie trams are result in the delivery of 20 four- out at the Portland Streetcar little-known (or forgotten) by most being acquired from Portland car trains instead of 40 two-car carhouse, rather than at the Portlanders in recent years. for the proposed trains. The change is costing United Streetcar factory. The four trams were built by tramway project. The cars will be HART an additional USD4.2m With only a few days’ notice, the in modified with air conditioning (EUR3.1m). E. B. Havens Portland Vintage Trolley service 1991-2 and are replicas of the and heating, and improved KANSAS CITY, MO. T he came to an end after 22 years of 1903-4 Brill trams that served disabled access. On 20 December Missouri Supreme Court has operation, when the TriMet board Portland's famed Council Crest the FTA gave notice of approval for dismissed a challenge against the decided on 11 December to sell line until its 1950 closure, except the construction phase, using its issue of construction bonds to Gomaco Brill replica trams 511-2 for being fitted with PCC trucks USD22.1m (EUR16.3m) grant. finance the USD102m (EUR75m) to St. Louis, for use on the planned assembled using parts from Boston E. B. Havens tramway circulator. E. B. Havens Delmar line. TriMet and Chicago, and incorporating ST PETERSBURG, FL. The LOS ANGELES, CA. URS has revealed the planned sale only a few modern features such as Pinellas County Commission has been selected to project manage five days before approving it. The Automatic Train Stop equipment. decided that the November 2014 the Downtown Streetcar project, Loop Trolley Development District Portland was of the first US referendum will include a vote including the finances (which will pay a total of USD80 000 for light rail systems to introduce on a 1% sales tax increase to help are dependant on a USD75m both cars. The final two days of regular heritage tram operation fund 38km (23.6 miles) of light (EUR55.2m) federal grant, still to service were 15 and 22 December. on its tracks, and even in 2013 it rail between St Petersburg and be allocated). E. B. Havens Portland’s two other Gomaco was still one of only a handful. Clearwater. E. B. Havens OMAHA, NB. A two-year study cars, 513-4, have been reassigned The heritage tram service was , TX. V I A has produced recommendations to intended to alleviate the impact Metropolitan Transit planners for two Bus Rapid Transit lines service, where they will run of routing a modern light rail have recommended a USD183.26m and a modern tramway, linking without overhead wiring and line through historic districts (EUR134.9m), 5.6km (3.7-mile), the city centre and the University entirely in private right-of-way. in downtown Portland, as north-south starter line for its of Nebraska. E. B. Havens Car 513 remains at TriMet’s VT well as to attract shoppers to city centre tramway system, and PHILADELPHIA, PA (SEPTA). depot in the Rose Quarter but will downtown; local business- it is hoped this can open in 2017. The last Hyundai Rotem be moved in 2014. None of the cars owners helped fund the project. On 17 December the Board gave Silverliner V commuter train was is expected to return to Portland’s RALEIGH-DURHAM, NC. its approval for the project, which delivered in December. E. B. Havens tram and light rail tracks. Plans for the 27.2km (16.9-mile) will require ten trams. E. B. Havens

On 11 December 2013 Metrolink 3049 passes under Featherstall Road where trams will join the new line to Oldham town centre. Although the rear of the car appears Manchester Metrolink T68A tram 2001, bound for Bury, arrives at the new Queens to be passing over a connection, there is in fact a small gap between the old and new Road stop on opening day, 16 December 2013. The system’s original Queens Road outbound rails and no switch mechanism in place. Access to the new line for testing depot can be seen to the right. Mike Haddon and driver training is by a single switch at the Mumps end of the route. Mike Haddon

92 / FEBRUARY 2014 www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org The tram was built as a four- Store of Liverpool Council. A wheeled boxcar by the British Heritage Lottery Fund grant of Electric Car Company of Trafford GBP50 000 (approx. EUR60 000) Park, Manchester and entered was obtained in 2010 allowing service on the four-foot (1219mm) restoration to begin. It is hoped the gauge system when it opened tram can see service later this year. in 1904. In 1911 the tram was converted into a bogie tram with CONTRIBUTORS a new longer underframe. The Worldwide items should be sent to original box body was retained and Worldwide Editor Michael Taplin mounted on the new frame and a at Flat 1, 10 Hope Road, Shanklin, cross-bench open extension was Isle of Wight PO37 6EA, UK – added, the vehicle thus becoming Fax: +44 (0)1983 862810 or a combination car (approx two e-mail: [email protected]. thirds closed and one third open). UK and Ireland items Tram 17, minus its trucks and are welcomed by the Home equipment, was used as a seaside News Editor, John Symons, 17 cottage for over 40 years from its Whitmore Avenue, Werrington, withdrawal from service in 1945. Stoke-on-Trent, ST9 0LW, UK. TriMet heritage tram 511 on its last day in passenger service in Portland on Its restoration will take place over E-mail [email protected] 15 December, prior to transport to St. Louis. S. J. Morgan two years to return its appearance Contributors this month include SAN FRANCISCO, CA (Muni). the to that of the early 1940s. Mike Haddon and Eric Pounder. SFMTA has raised USD75m in Crich, & Fleetwood The museum is now focusing its Acknowledgements are also due (EUR55.2m) in bonds, with ‘Box’ tram 40, on loan to Blackpool fundraising efforts for this tram to Birmingham Mail, BS Blickpunkt USD30.5m (EUR22.4m) for for many years, will return to on the mechanical and electrical Strassenbahn, digitaltram.nl, DS Muni’s operational and Crich for an ‘Electric 50’ event on equipment required to return Drehscheibe Strassenbahn, EA maintenance needs, USD12.5m 13-14 September. the tram to operating condition Eisenbahn Amateur, EB Eisenbahn, (EUR9.2m) for LRV procurement It has not been run by its owners – including the provision of Brill Edinburgh Evening News, Irish and USD11m (EUR8.1m) for at Crich since 1965 and will be 22E ‘Eureka’ trucks. K. McGavin Times, IRJ International Rail transit safety improvement. overhauled before the event. WIRRAL HERITAGE Journal, Manchester Evening News, The remainder will go to road Balloon 716, sold by (UK). Restoration Nottingham Evening Post, OR Op projects. E. B. Havens as a shell only, has recently been of Liverpool ‘Baby Grand’ 245 De Rails, Ottawa Citizen, RGI WASHINGTON, DC. The first of offered for sale via the internet. is nearing completion by the Railway Gazette International, The the Czech-built Inekon Trio trams HEATON PARK (UK). Preserved Merseyside Tramway Preservation Scotsman, Times of India, T-2000 was put on the tracks of the new Manchester tram 173 moved Society at the Taylor Street depot. Tram 2000, TA Transit Australia, H Street tramway in the early from the Manchester Museum of The tram dates from 1938 and Transphoto.ru, TR Today’s Railways, hours of 13 December, and is Transport on 17 December to the was received by the museum line TW Trolley Wire, urbanrail.net, now undergoing trial operation new Lakeside depot of the Heaton in 2006 from the Large Objects Wolverhampton Express & Star. (the first powered run was on Park Tramway. Additional space 16 December). was required at the Museum of Metro has published plans for Transport in Boyle Street due to a city circle underground line to the loss of storage space elsewhere. permit separation of the Blue/ Tram 173 has been only Yellow and Orange/Green lines, cosmetically restored and is not offering new stops in Georgetown, in operating condition following West End, Thomas Circle, Mount its restoration from use as a garden Vernon, Capital North and shed in the early 1980s. It is likely Potomac Park. Completion is to become a future MTMS project. unlikely before 2040. E. B. Havens The new Lakeside depot has one fully functional road and MUSEUM NEWS Blackpool railgrinder 752 and BEAMISH (UK). Blackpool 680 Vanguard 619 are now stored arrived in early December where a there. Other trams will soon move start was made on preparing it for from off-site storage locations and service on behalf of its owners the a winter overhaul of Manchester Manchester Transport Museum 765 will be undertaken there. Society. The tram will run under Discussions are still taking its former number 280 and has place concerning the display of a been fitted with a trolleypole and Metrolink T68 in the depot. head borrowed from other trams. ROSARIO (AR). Restored tram It is hoped that the tram will be 277 made its first powered run in service by the end of January. on 17 December on a section The museum has acquired of temporary track laid in the Gateshead 52 from the National trolleybus depot. Work on the Tramway Museum. The car was overhead for the heritage tramway to be transported from the Clay operation was being completed in Cross store early in January late December. S. J. Morgan following which Beamish will WELLINGTON (NZ). Following draw up a restoration programme. successful fund-raising over the The current overhaul project, past few years, the Wellington Sheffield 264, last ran in service at Tramway Museum has contracted Beamish in 2002. It is hoped that out the conservation and renovation will be completed for restoration of the body and chassis operation again in 2015. of the sole remaining example of BLACKPOOL (UK). As part of the Wellington’s first batch of electric 50th anniversary celebrations at trams, 17.

www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org FEBRUARY 2014 / 93 Letters

MAILBOX Get your views into print Letters should be clearly typed and preferably not handwritten. [email protected] +44 (0)1733 367615 We reserve the right to shorten contributions for publication.

High-floor tramways have their place – and are flourishing

The recent high- versus low-floor debate has been interesting, and I think it is worth emphasising again that the discussion of the UK’s Manchester’s decision to stick with high-floor has its parallels in other parts of the world. In Germany, Hannover is just celebrating the production of another new design of tram for the city – the TW3000 – once again unique to this system, and once again high- floor. Readers may well be aware that some citizens of Lower Saxony’s capital have in recent years pushed for a shift to low-floor trams, in order to avoid having to have high- platform stops built in their streets. As in Manchester though, Hannover’s infrastructure has grown up over many years to serve high-floor vehicles. Then think of North America, where many systems have stuck with high-floor designs – this is most likely due to their more ‘suburban’ nature. But as urban ‘streetcar circulators’ are becoming more popular, planners are turning to low- floor vehicles based upon the European model as cities look to develop more compact and sustainable futures. For new-build systems, this, of course, removes the need for high platforms Hannover's latest design, the TW 3000 shows the bulging 'tumblehome' in dense urban environments and increases ease of access. design for the latest generation of high-floor vehicles for the system. üstra This is also reflected by increasing low-floor business for the car builders and the adaptation of designs such as Bombardier’s Flexity 2 and Alstom’s Citadis platform for that “Manchester's decision has its continent. Canada’s Toronto is a topical exception for a larger established system, the new low-floorFlexity Outlook trams parallels in other parts of the world, for Ontario’s capital being due to enter service shortly. so is the high-floor tram really such So I offer no particular wisdom in what has been a very well rehearsed debate around the world – other than to ask a dying breed as at first sight might whether the high-floor tram really is such a dying breed as at first sight might appear the case? appear the case?” Name and address supplied

Shenyang’s aborted metro plans On the Hoten map there is shown a Raleigh-Durham correction In a recent issue of TAUT there was mention proposed underground railway system. I recently received the January 2014 issue of the opening of an underground railway Accompanying text states that construction of TAUT. While reading the magazine I was system in the city of Shenyang in the was to begin in 1942, with completion in shocked to hear an astounding piece of news People’s Republic of China. Were it not for 1948, of a standard gauge, 750V dc that has not appeared in any US media; the outbreak of the Pacific War in late 1941, system, with three routes. Route 1 was to Canada has stolen at least part, if not all, of the people of Shengyang could have had an have 15 stations, route 2 eight and route 3, one of our states: North Carolina. underground railway over 60 years ago. which was basically an extension of route 2, This is a serious issue and could become In the late 2000s, the Japanese publishing a further two stations. The trains were to be the basis of an international confrontation house Shinchosha brought out a Railway made up of five 15m-long cars. between the US and Canada; something that Atlas of Japan, published in 12 monthly The first subway line in Tokyo was the has not occurred since the Pig War of the instalments. This contained detailed maps of Ginza line, which was standard gauge and late 1800s. Maybe it is ‘transit envy’ and by all the railways and tramways in the Japanese third rail, so it is likely that the proposed appropriating the Chapel Hill-Durham area home islands up to the date of publication. Shenyang system was based on the Ginza line. and its light rail project, Canada can move After this, the same publisher brought out It is unlikely that any work was ever ahead with another new rail transit project. two further atlases covering the railways and done on this project, the outbreak of the I’m sure North Carolinians will be upset by tramways in the various Japanese territories Pacific War would probably have put paid this action. that existed up to the end of the war in to this until after the war. The continuing I would not have been too surprised at the August 1945. One covered Korea and Taiwan, conflict between the Nationalists and the Canadians annexing Buffalo, NY with its the other Manchukuo and Sakhalin. Communists made it even less likely that this light rail line or even Detroit, MI which is Manchukuo was the Japanese ‘puppet’ state scheme would have proceeded. building a new streetcar as these cities are in formed after the occupation of Manchuria in The scope of the overseas territories atlases close proximity to our northern neighbour. the early 1930s; its largest city was Shenyang, only covers up to the end of August 1945, However, a foray into North Carolina is deep renamed by the Japanese as Hoten. but there is a brief mention of a proposed into the heart of the US South. These publications have maps of underground railway of four routes for I do not want to fan the fires of a potential Manchukuo’s four major cities – Harupin Shenyang in 1953, apparently not following international conflict, but as a US citizen (Harbin), Dairen (Dalian), Hoten (Shengyang) the routes of the 1942 proposal, which also I feel it is my duty to report this aggressive and Shinkyo (Changchun) – that show the did not proceed. action to the CIA, NSA, Department of railway lines and tramway systems of each. Bill Pearce, Melbourne (Australia) Defense and of course the White House.

94 / FEBRUARY 2014 www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org Maybe the UN can send in a peacekeeping force to stabilise the situation. Thank you, Tramways & Urban Transit for bringing this item to public attention. On a happier note, it is encouraging to see that the Cincinnati Streetcar project is moving ahead after all. Mayor Cranley did not have the votes on the City Council to halt the project and there was an intensive ‘grass roots’ effort which brought out hundreds of supporters and a commitment by local businesses in Cincinnati to pay the operating costs. As Chairman of All Aboard Ohio, a state-wide advocacy organisation, I’m pleased to say that we had a small part in that effort. I really enjoy being a member of LRTA. Keep up the good work… now that you have been admonished for your geographic error! Tramways & Urban Transit is an outstanding publication and I look forward to its arrival every month. Ronald Sheck, Ph.D. (Geography), Sylvania (US) We can only apologise for this geographical The state circus building in Kyiv, Ukraine, forms the background for this view of Tatra T3 5843 crossing error, it has been corrected in this month’s Ploscha Peremogi on its way to the railway station (Voksal) on right-bank route 18. Mike Russell Worldwide Review [Ed]. “The electric tramway was invented by Fyodor Pirotsky, Cincinatti streetcar triumph It has been fascinating keeping abreast of the who operated a line near St Petersburg in 1880. The situation in Cincinnati from Herbert Pence’s articles in TAUT over the course of 2013. As I Siemens did not open their Berlin line until 1881.” am sure you will report, happily the city will be receiving its streetcar after the city voted I would even be prepared to bet that within Funding LRT in a tough climate 6-3 to continue the project on 12 December. a few years other residents of this fine city Mat Taylor makes some excellent points in It would appear the new Mayor was ‘forced’ will want the streetcar to extend to their his Comment piece on ‘bridging the funding into eventually supporting the scheme neighbourhoods. I am glad that the city of gap’ (TAUT 913). by local investors who have committed to Cincinnati has seen sense. The private sector is often demonised when support millions of dollars in operating costs, P. B. Masscan, by e-mail it comes to delivering major infrastructure if required, over the next decade. It would projects (sometimes rightly so given its seem that Mr Cranley had no option but to St Petersburg: The tramway pioneer performance in the UK in recent decades), back the project if local investors and residents I read with much interest the excellent feature but with the help of expert consultants who have so much faith in the project. on Kyiv in TAUT 913. However, I did pick up on is to say that they cannot be a useful partner New administrations have a habit of trying one point of detail – that Kyiv hosted the first in times of constrained public funding? to back out of major transit investments – we electric tramline in the Russian empire (1892). While PPP/PFI projects have received ‘bad have seen similar situations around the world In fact, the electric tramway was invented press’ as Mr Taylor points out, I believe that on so many occasions – but the costs risked in Russia by Fyodor Pirotsky who operated this is more often to do with the structure of by litigation or cancelling a project under a line near St Petersburg in 1880, following the deals in question rather a failure of the construction rarely outweigh completion experiments there since 1875. The Siemens, model itself. costs. It will be interesting to see how the usually incorrectly credited with the invention, Political posturing often gets in the way situation develops in Toronto once Mayor did not open their Berlin line until 1881 of delivering vital infrastructure – or at least Ford’s misdemeanours are out of the way. following an exchange of ideas with Pirotsky. adds delays – and increasing private sector Additionally, as many streetcar systems It is more correct to say that Kyiv was the involvement is surely a better way of securing have shown, urban starter lines do drive first ‘permanent’ electric tramway in the success. They have shareholders to answer to growth and regeneration, so Cincinnati Russian empire. after all, and that is an important driver! will undoubtedly benefit in the long term. Tony Prescott, Bomaderry (Australia) Name and address supplied

The full list of the year’s meetings and meeting places MEETINGS & EVENTS can also be found at www.lrta.org

JANUARY 2014 Saturday 25. Garstang 14.00. Films: Saturday 8. Birmingham 14.00. Monday 17. Liverpool 19.30. Ron Saturday 18. Taunton 14.00. AGM US tramways and trolleys. (TLRS) Mike Ballinger: Around (but not in) Phillips: Southport .(TLRS) Oxford & Chilterns. Switzerland. (LRTA/TLRS) Monday 17. Wickham 19.30. Terry plus photos and models (TLRS) Saturday 25. Contact 01865 370634 for details. (TLRS) Monday 10. Richmond 19.30. Chase. (TLRS) Monday 20. Liverpool 19.30. Thursday 30. Manchester 19.00. Eddie Dawes: London electric tram Tuesday 18. London 19.00. Alan Ian Longworth: Running the IoM Mike Crabtree: Geoff Wheat, tram cars numbered 1. (TLRS) Pearce: LRTA film archive. transport system. (TLRS) slides Europe and Britain Tuesday 11. Leeds 19.00. Jamie Saturday 22. Beeston 14.00. John Monday 20. Richmond 19.30. John Friday 31. Edinburgh 19.30. Business Guest: In the USA looking for a tram Prentice: Hong Kong Tramways. (TLRS) Laker: British trams in HD. (TLRS) meeting followed by John Hampton: to Roundhay. Saturday 22. Garstang 14.00. Peter Monday 20. Wickham 19.30. Tramways from Austria to Australia. Wednesday 12. Brighton (Southwick) Stephenson: Films. (TLRS) DVD and film. (TLRS) 19.40. John Buckle: Baltic runabout in Thursday 27. Manchester 19.00. Friday 24. Leicester 19.45. John the 1960s. (TLRS) Geoffrey Heywood (provisional) Lessells: Slides from the late Pete FEBRUARY 2014 Friday 14. Glasgow 19.30. Murdoch Friday 28. Edinburgh 19.30 Alasdair Mullahy's collection. (TMS) Tuesday 4. Southampton 19.30. Steve Currie: Europe in the 21st Century. (STTS) Sim: Edinburgh Trams update. Saturday 25. Beeston 14.00. AGM, Bigley: Above-ground sections of the Saturday 15. Taunton 14.00. Keith Friday 28. Leicester 19.45. Martin photos and modelling session. (TLRS) London Underground. (LRTA/SEG) Walton: Tram travels 2013 (TLRS) Jenkins Annual Lecture: .

www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org FEBRUARY 2014 / 95 Classic Trams KEEPING TRAMS RUNNING The easy option of bus substitution during trackworks is today taken all too often. However, there is one tramway that maintains the best traditions of the past. Mike Russell reports. 1

oland’s Tramwaje l skie (TS) is With reconstruction of Katowice Rynek avoiding complicated temporary track, some Europe’s last great unified interurban junction starting in April 2012, the network cars working ‘wrong line’ southbound on the tramway, stretching over 200km was divided and no through east-west access normal northbound track. Sections of central (125 miles) across the heartland of was possible. The section between Rynek guard railing were removed to allow passenger the Upper Silesian conurbation. and Zawodzie is one of the system’s most interchange between cars on each track. PLoss of traffic after 1989, an operating area intensively-served, with combined routes There have been many temporary covering several local authorities’ jurisdictions, providing a five-minute service. Cars used arrangements but one must be highlighted. and reluctant national ownership, reduced it on lines 14 (Mysłowice), 15 (Sosnowiec) and Civil engineering and trackworks in ul. to penury, with maintenance reduced to the 23 (Szopienice) were limited to operation Moniuszki closed part of the Bytom town minimum. Now, TS enjoys a renaissance and between their outer termini and Zawodzie centre loop in early 2013, potentially isolating EU grants for long-delayed track renewal. In circle, whilst between there and Katowice Stroszek depot. Signal-controlled single-line itself this has presented logistical difficulties, Rynek shuttle service (40) using ex-Frankfurt working was instituted over about 1.4km but TS has deployed ingenuity to keep trams cars served the main line. Denial of through (roughly 0.9 miles) through the town centre, operating to the greatest extent during major access between Zawodzie depot and the main with two busy intermediate stops and a works across its whole network. system posed logistical problems for other combined ten-minute frequency each way. TS has a powerful incentive to minimise routes, solved by temporarily re-opening This involved two-way working over normal motorbus substitution because, unusually Chorzów Batory depot (closed operationally westbound tracks. To do this trams had to these days, it owns no buses. Consequently, in 2007) for routes remote from Zawodzie. operate against the normal traffic flow in tram replacement hire charges fall upon TS, A classic short-distance operation occurred several central Bytom one-way streets, with so bus substitution is generally considered in 2010 on Bytom local route 38, worked traffic management measures introduced. a last resort. Another point should be by double-ended two-axle N-class cars. Complicated arrangements such as this made: passengers accept short spells of Some street-laid track had to be re-fettled can only be introduced with the support inconvenience where the need is self-evident, and service was gradually curtailed as work of the highway authority and it must help but question its logic where its extent progressed until it operated solely between that the tramway is now effectively owned seems dictated by short-term operational the town terminus and the first intermediate by a consortium of 13 local authorities, convenience, calling into question the stop. This is an excellent example of TS which can encourage joined-up thinking for purpose of retaining the tramway at all. running its service right up to the railhead – uninterrupted tramway operation. TS faces problems that seldom afflict urban even for a mere 500m of route. operators. Much of its network is laid as Another example took place briefly in Traditional model single-track-and-loop, so the option of single- summer 2013 in Katowice town centre. Of course, from time to time bus substitution line working with temporary crossovers on During construction of a new shopping mall, becomes inevitable. In autumn 2013, civil double-track sections is often unavailable. normal tramway traffic in the main street was engineering works and track renewal under Secondly, it has very little ‘spare’ track, so halted, but to provide a connectional facility the Chebzie railway bridge meant that routes diversionary routes are difficult or impossible between the two tramway nodal points at 9 (from Bytom) and 11 and 17 (from Lipiny) to devise. Thirdly, it now has few double- plac Wolno ci and Rynek, a solo N-class car could no longer reach Chebzie interchange. ended cars, often a pre-requisite for shuttle shuttled over the relevant 600m. With both approaches being on extensive services. To keep services running as far as An example of a major re-arrangement was single-track lines, keeping trams running up possible, TS has acquired 15 double-ended in Bytom in summer 2008 during a partial to the enforced closure at Park Pawel might articulated Pt cars from Frankfurt-am-Main. relaying of part of the town centre loop. The in theory be possible but would lead to severe five routes from the south (7 from Łagiewniki practical constraints. Shuttle services, ‘wrong line’ running and 5, 9, 18 and 30 from Szombierki) all The extra double-ended cars required, We can take as read the use of temporary converge south of the railway bridge east of above those already necessary elsewhere, superimposed crossovers (the German Bytom station and tram access beneath it and would stretch resources beyond acceptable term Kletterweiche has no simple English into the town became impracticable. The limits, whilst problems of reliability were equivalent) for single-line working on junction includes a seldom-used single-track predictable because of incompatible double-track sections under temporary signal connection between the two routes and by frequencies on lines 11 and 17. Furthermore, control. Recourse is to wrong-line operation placement of adjacent temporary crossovers a keeping trams running thus far would result on double-track sections. convoluted pattern of operations was contrived. in passengers transferring to buses for just one Shuttle services are a regular feature. This involved cars on the Szombierki lines being stop, which many would consider undesirable, Normal services operated by single-ended projected south to terminate at Łagiewniki whilst requiring them to walk between the stock terminate at the last suitable turning or Chorzów Batory and line 7 curtailed two stops was an unrealistic prospect. or reversing point, with a double-ended to Łagiewniki from the other direction. This is tramway operation on the traditional shuttle between there and the railhead. This Passengers requiring Bytom town centre were model. With motorbus substitution being has been adopted on many occasions and a invited to board or alight at the station stop and expensive or impracticable, TS is probably current example is the short shuttle line 47 proceed through the pedestrian underpass. the last extensive example in Europe of trams within Chropaczów, providing service over An ingenious arrangement was devised being kept running almost come what may. the section of line 17 between Łagiewniki and during works last autumn. The double track Students of tramway operation can be Lipiny whilst access to Chebzie is unavailable. at Sosnowiec railway station, a major traffic recommended to visit whilst the current A similar operation takes place in Sosnowiec, objective, is conventionally laid out for south reconstruction programme continues, to see where 26 has since September been and northbound services. During trackworks how an operator keeps services running in the divided at Dandowka junction; operational north of here, both lines at the station were best traditions, safeguarding the interests of details appeared in TAUT 913. adapted for parallel southbound operation, passengers in difficult circumstances.

96 / FEBRUARY 2014 www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org 1 On 17 April 2013, a coupled pair of Konstal 105N bogie cars led by 604 passes gingerly along ul. 3 Maja, Katowice’s main shopping street, during track reconstruction as part of overall environmental improvement works, entailing temporary single-line working.

2 On 3 November 2013, new trackwork lies stacked in Katowice’s ul. 3 Maja during the reconstruction works at the nearby plac Wolności. Access has been greatly restricted during the works and 105N 590 waits for car 687 to clear the signals before negotiating the temporary crossover to enter the southern segment of plac Wolności, currently operated in both directions.

3 Tram services during trackworks on the Bytom town centre loop on 31 May 2008. Cars 471+478 emerge from ul. Moniuszki to cross tracks in ul. Jagiellońska whilst relaying operations are completed on 2 the connecting curves; route 19 has been revised to provide through service to Katowice whilst the connecting curve normally used by terminating cars on line 6 is out of use.

4 Running up to the railhead: Coupled back-to-back 111N set 373+613 at a temporary terminal point in Chropaczów on 14 March 2009 whilst track further west in Lipiny on route 17 was under reconstruction.

5 Temporary working at Bytom on 30 May 2008. Temporary 3 4 crossovers have been installed south of Bytom station bridge to enable rerouted cars, such as 487 operating a diverted line 18 journey from Łagewniki, to access a seldom-used single- track connecting curve. Note the elaborate temporary signals.

6 Passengers board on the ‘wrong’ line – an arrangement necessary on 17 April 2013 through the closure of the normal routeing. Konstal low-floor articulated car 812 loads passengers in Bytom’s ul. Katowicka on route 6 for 5 6 Katowice and Brynów.

7 Passengers cross the central divide, from which guard rails have been temporarily removed, at Sosnowiec station on 3 November 2013 to board car 451 bound for Milowice on line 21.

8 A long length of eastbound track in Armii Krajowej under reconstruction on 3 November 2013, with temporary single- line working, as 105N car 661 approaches the junction at Inwalidzka that gives access to Chorzów depot and works. 7 8 All photography by Mike Russell.

www.tramnews.net . www.lrta.org FEBRUARY 2014 / 97 BOOKSHOP Order online from lrta.info/shop – or by post from: LRTA Publications, 31 Ashton Road, Wokingham RG41 1HL Postage & packing – Any UK address: Add 10% (minimum £2.00, maximum £7.50) All addresses outside UK: Add 20% (minimum £4.00, maximum £15.00)

LAST CHANCE FOR LRTA MEMBER DISCOUNT: Amsterdam trams – From horse car to Combino ORDER BY 31 JANUARY! By Ray Deacon From the author of Innsbruck’s Alpine Tramways, this new work tells the story of the Amsterdam network right up to the present day. It covers a wide range of topics in depth, from the electrification of the horse tramways through the transfer to municipal ownership and the closely-fought battles to retain trams in the 1950s and ’60s to the “Lijnen voor Morgen” report that transformed the system into a model for other cities to follow. A detailed description of all the tram routes and the wide variety of rolling stock used, along with numerous maps and previously-unpublished pictures, makes this a ‘must have’. A4 softback; 264 pages, fully illustrated – mostly in colour. Price: £28.50 – An LRTA publication. Trade rates available to bookshops, libraries and museums. Contact [email protected] for more details.

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French & Flemish text, with 17 full colour pictures of Belgian trams – 13 of historic subjects. A4 spiral-bound, landscape format, 32 pages. Price: £13.50 including VAT

Tram Atlas Nordeuropa – Northern Europe Skandinavien & Baltikum – Scandinavia & Baltic States Includes all tramway and trolleybus cities in Northern Europe, from Bergen in Norway to Vilnius in Lithuania, each featuring a detailed system map showing all stops, loops, single-track sections, depots etc. Short texts provide information on special features, while historical and operational details are presented in tables. All current vehicles are depicted in the numerous colour photographs. English & German text. B5 softback, 128 pages, 300 colour pictures with numerous maps and diagrams. Published by Robert Schwandl Verlag – ISBN 978-3- 936573-41-1. Price: £16.50

Tram- und Buslinien in Zürich Geschichte seit 1882 – Linienführung – Farben – Nummern Author Bruno Gisler has completed this unique study of the largest Swiss city network in great style, with a history of each route from 1882 to today. The use of route colours is covered and the various types of tram, trolleybus and motorbus operated are well illustrated. Useful maps show the growth of the tram and bus networks and several historical line diagrams are included. German text. A4 hardback, 104 pages, 43 black & white and 79 colour pictures plus extensive chronological information and 21 maps. Published by Verein Tram Museum Zürich – ISBN 978-3-909062-07-2 Price: £29.50 IN YOUR NEXT ISSUE OF

MIXING TRADITION SYSTEMS FACTFILE: MIAMI: A MODEL OF AND INNOVATION ROTTERDAM MODAL DIVERSITY Brussels’ tramway combines modern With service privatisation avoided, RET After a period of stagnation, Florida’s thinking and technology with the faces demands for improvements and largest metropolitan area is moving challenges of maintaining a sprawling expansion on a reduced budget. Neil forward with improved integration and traditional system. Geoffrey Skelsey and Pulling revisits Rotterdam to report on the real prospect of a light rail line to Yves-Laurent Hansart explain. tram, metro and RandstadRail operations. Miami Beach. Vic Simons reports. PLUS... MARCH + Where have all the trolley poles gone? ISSUE + The latest news, rolling stock orders and movements, new technology and innovation, system developments, transport policy on sale and leading industry comment. February 21

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www.lrta.org Michael Taplin gives his forecast for www.tramnews.net the year’s new openings; with 13 or 14 new systems on the cards, and

FEBRUARY 2014 N O. 914 on almost every continent, it looks like a very promising year… 2014s it turns out, the predictions In Spain, the Cadiz tram-train scheme from a year ago were not as has ground to a halt as regional government 2015 is the latest prediction; 15 CAF Urbos accurate as one might hope. The funding has dried up; you can find broad-gauge 3 trams have been built, but only one (301) economic crisis still prevailing EDINBURGH TRAMS: tram track on the streets of San Fernando, but delivered, as the depot is incomplete. The in southern Europe continued others are stored at the manufacturer’s toA thwart politicians’ ambitions, and some when it will be used is anyone’s guess. Vehicle testing with the seven dual-voltage trains Andalusian facility at Linares. Student membership available online only. tough decisions had to be made. However, the Missing from my article relating to 2013 year offered a few surprises too. continues on other parts of the network. ALMOST READY TO ROLL On the island of Mallorca, the Manacor was the city centre circular in the Turkish The opening of the Palermo tramway – Arta scheme has been abandoned, despite city of Bursa (covered in TAUT 912), and the in Italy has now been postponed to 2015, opening of the first mainland Chinese system despite a fleet of BombardierFlexity being 60% complete, and the six tram-trains trams of the modern era in Shenyang ( standing in the depots for more than two are now used to provide extra limited-stop TAUT 910). departures on the electrified Mallorca This year looks like the year of the small years, due to political wranglings and slower tramway, with three US city centre circulators than expected infrastructure works. railway. A third Spanish scheme, in Granada, did not open either, and it seems February due to open, and two low-cost tramways in France, all worked by trams of 22m or less.

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Selena S. Butler Park London Underground: 150 years and going strong In September 2010, federal £41.00 Atl A The 4.3km (2.7-mile) loop will Commercial members online only (12 issues) ntA funding in the form of a depot is being erected under a The state capital of Georgia serve Peachtree Center metro USD47m (EUR34.5m) TIGER II section of elevated motorway (population 432 500) has been station, Ellis Street, Carnegie Five new lines open in one weekend grant was announced and on Edgewood. served by a metro since 1979, Way, Olympic Centennial Park, nine months later Siemens Completion is due by and operated a first generation Luckie Street, Pryor Street, was awarded a USD17.2m 30 April 2014, and the tram will tramway from 1871 until 1949. Edgewood Ave, Jackson Street A northern network for Brussels? (EUR12.6m) contract to build offer free rides for three months In 2009 plans were developed and Auburn Avenue. four trams, based on its S70 when it opens in the summer, for an east–west modern LRV There was a ground-breaking design that has found success providing a 15-minute service. Cincinnati receives crucial ‘go’ vote tramway loop in the city centre, ceremony on 26 June 2013, ISSN 1460-8324 in other US cities in a larger A second phase is planned £4.10 estimated at USD90m (EUR66m). although work had been capacity variant. to take the line north past Arts 02 underway for several months. A Center to Five Points. New tramways Keeping moving This year’s planned Polish lessons on 9 771460 832036 serving passengers www.tramnews.net. www.lrta.org openings examined FEBRUARY 2014 / 51 51-56_TAUT1402_NewTramways v2.indd 1 Invoices available for Commercial membership only. 13/01/2014 18:00 10/01/2014 12:40

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