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Palaeoenvironmental Studies of the Middle Triassic Uppermost Narrabeen Group, Sydney Basin

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Palaeoenvironmental Studies of the Middle Triassic Uppermost Narrabeen Group, Sydney Basin PALAEOENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES OF THE MIDDLE TRIASSIC UPPERMOST NARRABEEN GROUP, SYDNEY BASIN: PALAEOECOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS WITH PARTICULAR EMPHASIS ON TRACE FOSSIL ASSEMBLAGES by Thann Naing, BSc. (Hons.), Rangoon University. Dip. Appld. Geol. (Hons.), Rangoon University, MSc, (Hons.), Rangoon University. A thesis submitted to Macquarie University in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 1990 Copyright in relation to this Thesis Under the Copyright Act 1968 (several provision of which are referred to below), this material must be used only under the normal conditions of scholarly fair dealing for the purposes of research, criticism or review. In particular no results or conclusions should be extracted from it, nor should it be copied or closely parahrased in whole or in part without the written consent of the author. Proper written acknowledgement should be made for any assistance obtained from this material. Under Section 35 (2) of the Copyright Act 1968 'the author of a literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work is the owner of any copyright subsisting in the work'. By virtue of Section 32 (1) copyright 'subsists in an original literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work that is unpublished' land of which the author was an Australian citizen, an Australian protected person or a person resident in Australia. The Act, by Section 36(1) provides: 'Subject to this Act, the copyright in a literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work is infringed by a person who, not being the owner of the copyright and without the licence of the owner of the copyright, does in Australia, or authorises the doing in Australia of, any act comprised in the copyright'. Section 31 (1) (a) (i) provides that copyright includes the exclusive right to 'reproduce the work in a material form'. Thus, copyright is infringed by a person who, not being the owner of the copyright, reproduces or authorises the reproduction of a work, or of more than a reasonable part of the work, in a material form, unless the reproduction is a 'fair dealing' with the work 'for the purpose of research or study' as further defined in Sections 40 and 41 of the Act. Section 51 (2) provides that "Where a manuscript, or a copy, of material of other similar literary work that has not been published is kept in a library of a university or other similar institution or in an archives, the copyright in the material or other work is not infringed by the making of a copy of the material or other work by or on behalf of the officer in charge of the library or archives if the copy is supplied to a person who satisfies an authorized officer of the library or archives that he requires the copy for the purpose of research or study'. * Thesis' includes ' treatise', ' dissertation' and other similar productions. VOLUME IB BIBLIOGRAPHY AND APPENDIXES BIBLIOGRAPHY 596 BIBLIOGRAPHY Abel, O. , 1935, Vorzeitliche Lebensspuren. Gustav. Fischer (Jena), pp. 644, 530 text-figs. Alf, R.M., 1959, Possible fossils from the Early Proterozoic Bass Formation, Grand Canyon, Arizona. Plateau, vol. 31, p. 60- 63. Allen, E.A. and Curran, H.A., 1974, Biogenic sedimentary structures produced by the Crab in lagoon margin and salt marsh environments near Beaufort, North Carolina. Jour. Sed. Pet., 44(2), 538-548. Allen, J.A.R. and Williams, B.P.J., 1981, Beaconites Antarcticus: A giant channel-associated trace fossil from the Lower Old Red Sandstone of South Wales and the Welsh border. Geol. Jour., vol. 16, p. 255-269. Allen, J.A.R., 1989, Shortpaper: Fossil Vertebrate Tracks and Indenter Mechanics. Jour. Geol. Soc, Lond., vol. 146, p. 600-602, 4 figs. Alpert, S.P., 1974, Systematic review of te genus Skolithos . Jour. Paleont., vol. 48, pp. 661-669. ., 1975, Planolites and Skolithos from the Upper Precambrian - Lower Cambrian, White-Inyo Mountains, California. Jour. Paleont., vol. 49, p. 509-521. Asgaard, W. and Bromley, R.G., 1974 (1973), Sporfossiler fra den meilem Miocaene trangression 1 soby-fasterholt omradet. Geol. Surv. Den. Arsskr., p. 11-19. Baatz, H., 1959, Ophiomorpha Lundgren, eines marines spurenfossil, in Oberen quartzsand Nieder Hessens. Notzbl. Hess. Landesant. Bodenforsch. Wiesbaden. , 87: 168-171. Balme, B.E., 1969, The Permian-Triassic Boundary in Australia. Spec. Pubis. Geol. Aust., 2: 99-112. Banks, M.R., 1978, Correlation chart for the Triassic Systems of Australia. Aust. Bur. Miner. Resour., Geol. Geophys., Bull., 156C: 1-39. Barbour, E.H., 1892, Notice of new Gigantic fossils. Science, vol. 19, p. 99-100. Bassler, R.S., 1941, A supposed jellyfish from the Pre-cambrian of the Grand Canyon: , , Proc., vol. 89, no. 3104, p. 519- 522, illus. U.S. Natl. Muse-am, Bayer, W., Altheimer, E. and Deutsche, W., 1985, Environmental 597 evolution in shallow epicontinental seas: sedimentary cycles and bed formation. Iji U. Bayer & A. Seilacher (eds.) , sedimentary and evolution cycles. Springer-Verlag, p. 347- 381. Beale, R. , 1986, There's a bit of Paracyclotosaurus about: Sydney Morn. Herald. (News Paper on 21-3-86) . Bembrick, C, 1980, Geology of the Blue Mountains, Western Sydney Basin. J-n_ C. Herbert & R. Helby (eds.) , A guide to the Sydney Basin, Dept. Min. Res., Geol. Surv. N.S.W., p. 134- 11. Benton, M.J. and Trewin, N.H., 1978, Discussion and comments on Nicholson's 1872 manuscript "contributions to the study of errant annelides of the older palaeozoic rocks. Publ. Dept. Geol. Min. Univ. Aberdeen, vol. 1, p. 1-16. Bentz, A., 1929, Rossile Rohrenbauten im Unterneokom des Isterberes bei Bentheim: Preuss. Geol. Landesanst. , Jahrb., vol. 49, pt. 2 (1928), p. 1173-1183, pi. 1. Billings, E., 1862, New species of fossils from different parts of the Lower, Middle and Upper Silurian rocks of Canada. In. Paleozoic fossils. Geol. Surv. Can., vol. 1, p. 96-168. Bjerstedt, T.W., 1987, Latest Devonian-Earliest Mississipian nearshore trace fossil assemblages from West Virginia, Pennsylvania and Maryland. Jour. Paleont., vol. 61, no. 5, p. 865-889. ., 1988, Trace fossils from the Early Mississipian Price Delta, southeast West Virginia. Jour. Paleont., vol. 62, no. 4, p. 506-519, figs. 10. Birkenmajer, K., 1971, Some trilobite resting and crawling traces: Lethaia, vol. 4, p. 303-319, 14 text-fig. Blanckenhorn, M., 1917, Organische reste im mittlern buntsandstein hessens s-ber. Ges. Beford, Ges. Naturwiss (1916), Marburg (1917). s., p. 21-45. Bogachev [Bogatschew], V.V., 1908, Problematicheskaya vodorosly Taonurus v Russkom Paleogen: Ezhegodnik po Geologii i Mineralogii, vol. 10, no. 7-8, p. 221-223, text-fig. 1-3 (Ger. text p. 224-226). [The problematic alga Taonurus from the Russian Paleogene.] Bowman, H.N., Stroud, W.J., Sherwin, L. and Rays, H.N., 1986, Sydney Basin stratigraphy: In. L. Sherwin & G.G. Holmes (eds.) , Geology of the Wollongong and Port Hacking, 1:100,000 sheets 9029, 9129. Geol. Surv. N.S.W. Bown, T.M. , 1982, Ichnofossils and rhizoliths of the near shore fluvial Jebel Qatrani Formation (Oligocene), Fayum Province, 598 Egypt. Palaeogeo. Palaeoclim. Palaeoeco., 40: 255-309. Bown, T.M. and Kraus, M.J., 1983, Ichnofossils of the alluvial Willwood Formation (Lower Eocene), Bighorn basin, northwest Wyoming, U.S.A. Palaeogeo. Palaeoclim. Palaeoeco., 43: 95- 128. Boyd, D.W., 1966, Lamination deformed by burrowers in Flathead Sandstone (Middle Cambrian) of Central Wyoming. Cont., 5: 45-54. Boyd, D.W., 1975, False or misleading traces. In. R.W. Frey (ed.), The Study of Trace Fossils. Springer-Verlag, New York, p. 65-83. Bracken, B. and Pickard, M.D., 1984, Trace fossils from cretaceous. Tertiary North Horn Formation in Central Utah. Jour. Paleont., vol. 58, no. 2, p. 477-489, 13 figs. Bradley, G.M., Yoo, E.K., Moloney, J., Beckett, J. and Richardson, S.J., 1985, Petroleum data package, Sydney Basin, New South Wales. Geol. Surv. N.S.W., Report GS 1985/004. Bradley, J., 1981, Zoophycos and Umbellula (Pennatulacea) : their synthesis and identity. Palaeogeog. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoeco., vol. 13, no. 2, p. 103-128. Bradshaw, M.A., 1981, Palaeoenvironmental interpretation and systematics of Devonian trace fossils from Tayer Group (Lower Beacon Super Group), Antarctica. New Zealand, Jour. Geol. Geophys., vol. 24, p. 615-652. Braithwaite, C.J.R. and Talbot, M.R., 1972, Crustacean burrows in the Seychelles, Indian Ocean. Palaeogeo. Palaeoclim. Palaeoeco., 11:265-285. Branagan, D. , Herbert, C. and Langford-Smith, T., 1966, Notes on the Narrabeen Group (Triassic) coastal section north of Long Reef, Sydney Basin. Aust. Jour. Sc., 29(4): 117-118. Brenchley, P.J., 1985, Str}pm influenced sandstone beds. Modern Geology, vol. 9, no. 4, p. 369-396. Bromley, R.G. and Frey, R.W., 1974, Redescription of the trace fossil Gyroli thes and taxonomic evaluation of Thalassinoides, Ophiomorpha and Spongeliomorpha. Bull. Geol. Soc. Den., 23: 311-335. ., 1975, Trace fossils at omission surfaces. In R.W. Frey (ed.). The study of trace fossils, Springer- Verlag, New York, p. 399-428. ., Curran, H.A., Frey, R.W., Gutschick, R.C. and Suttner, L.J., 1975, Problems in interpreting unusually large burrows. In. R.W. Frey (eds.) , In The study of trace fossils. Springer-Verlag, New York, U.S.A., p. 351-376. and Asgaard, U., 1979, Triassic fresh water ichnocoenoses from Carlsberg Fjord, East Greenland, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol, Palaeoecol., vol. 28, p. 39-80. and Ekdale, A.A., 1984, Chondrites: A trace fossil indicator of anoxia in sediments. Sciences, vol. 224, p. 872-874. and Ekdale, A.A., 1986, Composite ichnofabrics and tiering of burrows. Geol. Mag., vol. 123, no. 1, p. 59- 65. Brongniart, A.T., 1823, Observations sur les Fucoides: Soc. Histoire Nat. Paris, Mem., vol. 1, p. 301-320, pi. 19-21. ., 1828-38, Histoire des vegetaux fossiles ou recherches botaniques et geologiques sur les vegetaux renfermes dans les diverses couches du globe: vol.
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