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Equisetalean Plant Remains from the Early to Middle Triassic of New South Wales, Australia
Records of the Australian Museum (2001) Vol. 53: 9–20. ISSN 0067-1975 Equisetalean Plant Remains from the Early to Middle Triassic of New South Wales, Australia W.B. KEITH HOLMES “Noonee Nyrang”, Gulgong Road, Wellington NSW 2820, Australia Honorary Research Fellow, Geology Department, University of New England, Armidale NSW 2351, Australia [email protected] Present address: National Botanical Institute, Private Bag X101, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa ABSTRACT. Equisetalean fossil plant remains of Early to Middle Triassic age from New South Wales are described. Robust and persistent nodal diaphragms composed of three zones; a broad central pith disc, a vascular cylinder and a cortical region surrounded by a sheath of conjoined leaf bases, are placed in Nododendron benolongensis n.sp. The new genus Townroviamites is erected for stems previously assigned to Phyllotheca brookvalensis which bear whorls of leaves forming a narrow basal sheath and the number of leaves matches the number of vascular bundles. Finely striated stems bearing leaf whorls consisting of several foliar lobes each formed from four to seven linear conjoined leaves are described as Paraschizoneura jonesii n.sp. Doubts are raised about the presence of the common Permian Gondwanan sphenophyte species Phyllotheca australis and the Northern Hemisphere genus Neocalamites in Middle Triassic floras of Gondwana. HOLMES, W.B. KEITH, 2001. Equisetalean plant remains from the Early to Middle Triassic of New South Wales, Australia. Records of the Australian Museum 53(1): 9–20. The plant Phylum Sphenophyta, which includes the Permian Period, the increasing aridity and decline in the equisetaleans, commonly known as “horse-tails” or vegetation of northern Pangaea was in contrast to that in “scouring rushes”, first appeared during the Devonian southern Pangaea—Gondwana—where flourishing swamp Period (Taylor & Taylor, 1993). -
The University of Sydney
THE UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY Copyright and use of this thesis This thesis must be used in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968. Reproduction of material protected by copyright may be an infringement of copyright and copyright owners may be entitled to take legal action against persons who infringe their copyright. Section 51 (2) of the Copyright Act permits an authorized officer of a university library or archives to provide a copy (by communication or otherwise) of an unpublished thesis kept in the library or archives, to a person who satisfies the authorized officer that he or she requires the reproduction for the purposes of research or study. The Copyright Act grants the creator of a work a number of moral rights, specifically the right of attribution, the right against false attribution and the right of integrity. You may infringe the author’s moral rights if you: - fail to acknowledge the author of this thesis if you quote sections from the work - attribute this thesis to another author -subject this thesis to derogatory treatment which may prejudice the author’s reputation For further information contact the University’s Copyright Service. sydney.edu.au/copyright A STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF THE SOUTHERN HORNSBY PLATEAU, SYDNEY BASIN, NEW SOUTH WALES by Anthony Richard Norman, B.Sc. (Hons) A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY September, 1986 ABSTRACT The Hornsby Plateau rises north of Sydney. Aerial photo interpretation of an area north of Hornsby and south of the Hawkesbury River revealed two well defined extensive traces. -
Background Paper on New South Wales Geology with a Focus on Basins Containing Coal Seam Gas Resources
Background Paper on New South Wales Geology With a Focus on Basins Containing Coal Seam Gas Resources for Office of the NSW Chief Scientist and Engineer by Colin R. Ward and Bryce F.J. Kelly School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Date of Issue: 28 August 2013 Our Reference: J083550 CONTENTS Page 1. AIMS OF THE BACKGROUND PAPER .............................................................. 1 1.1. SIGNIFICANCE OF AUSTRALIAN CSG RESOURCES AND PRODUCTION ................... 1 1.2. DISCLOSURE .................................................................................................... 2 2. GEOLOGY AND EVALUATION OF COAL AND COAL SEAM GAS RESOURCES ............................................................................................................. 3 2.1. NATURE AND ORIGIN OF COAL ........................................................................... 3 2.2. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF COAL ................................................ 4 2.3. PETROGRAPHIC PROPERTIES OF COAL ............................................................... 4 2.4. GEOLOGICAL FEATURES OF COAL SEAMS .......................................................... 6 2.5. NATURE AND ORIGIN OF GAS IN COAL SEAMS .................................................... 8 2.6. GAS CONTENT DETERMINATION ........................................................................10 2.7. SORPTION ISOTHERMS AND GAS HOLDING CAPACITY .........................................11 2.8. METHANE SATURATION ....................................................................................12 -
Exceptional Fossil Preservation During CO2 Greenhouse Crises? Gregory J
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 307 (2011) 59–74 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/palaeo Exceptional fossil preservation during CO2 greenhouse crises? Gregory J. Retallack Department of Geological Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA article info abstract Article history: Exceptional fossil preservation may require not only exceptional places, but exceptional times, as demonstrated Received 27 October 2010 here by two distinct types of analysis. First, irregular stratigraphic spacing of horizons yielding articulated Triassic Received in revised form 19 April 2011 fishes and Cambrian trilobites is highly correlated in sequences in different parts of the world, as if there were Accepted 21 April 2011 short temporal intervals of exceptional preservation globally. Second, compilations of ages of well-dated fossil Available online 30 April 2011 localities show spikes of abundance which coincide with stage boundaries, mass extinctions, oceanic anoxic events, carbon isotope anomalies, spikes of high atmospheric carbon dioxide, and transient warm-wet Keywords: Lagerstatten paleoclimates. Exceptional fossil preservation may have been promoted during unusual times, comparable with fi Fossil preservation the present: CO2 greenhouse crises of expanding marine dead zones, oceanic acidi cation, coral bleaching, Trilobite wetland eutrophication, sea level rise, ice-cap melting, and biotic invasions. Fish © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Carbon dioxide Greenhouse 1. Introduction Zeigler, 1992), sperm (Nishida et al., 2003), nuclei (Gould, 1971)and starch granules (Baxter, 1964). Taphonomic studies of such fossils have Commercial fossil collectors continue to produce beautifully pre- emphasized special places where fossils are exceptionally preserved pared, fully articulated, complex fossils of scientific(Simmons et al., (Martin, 1999; Bottjer et al., 2002). -
Coal Resource Recovery Plan
Tahmoor Coal Pty Ltd COAL RESOURCE RECOVERY PLAN Tahmoor North Western Domain Longwalls West 1 and West 2 July 2019 simecgfg.com This page has been left blank intentionally. 2 | Tahmoor North Western Domain LW W1-W2 – Coal Resource Recovery Plan TAH-HSEC-243 (July 2019 Ver1) This page has been left blank intentionally. 4 | Tahmoor North Western Domain LW W1-W2 – Coal Resource Recovery Plan TAH-HSEC-243 (July 2019 Ver1) Table of Contents Table of Contents ....................................................................................................................... 5 List of Figures ............................................................................................................................. 7 List of Tables .............................................................................................................................. 7 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 9 Background ............................................................................................................................... 9 Purpose ..................................................................................................................................... 9 Scope ......................................................................................................................................... 9 2 Regulatory Requirements ................................................................................................. -
Strategic Assessment Report, Heathcote Ridge, West Menai
STRATEGIC ASSESSMENT REPORT HEATHCOTE RIDGE, WEST MENAI November 2012 Prepared for Gandangara Local Aboriginal Land Council By Cumberland Ecology with input from BBC Consulting Planners and 1. PURPOSE AND DESCRIPTION .......................................................................... 3 1.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 3 1.1.1 Background........................................................................................................... 3 1.2 The Program ..................................................................................................... 4 1.2.1 Background........................................................................................................... 4 1.2.2 Proposed Development Concept ..................................................................... 5 1.3 Regional Context ............................................................................................. 12 1.4 Land Use Planning .......................................................................................... 13 1.4.1 Land to Which the SEPP Amendment will Apply ............................................ 13 1.4.2 Proposed Land Use Zones ................................................................................. 13 1.4.3 Principal Development Standards ................................................................... 14 1.4.4 Consent Authority .............................................................................................. -
7. Moorebank Hydrogeological Landscape
7. Moorebank Hydrogeological Landscape MOOREBANK, CHIPPING NORTON, LOCALITIES GEORGES HALL, LANSDOWNE, FAIRFIELD EAST Land Salt Salinity Export TYPE AREA MOOREBANK Moderate Low GRID REFERENCE 297700 mE 6270000 mN (Z 56) Water EC GEOLOGY SHEET PENRITH 1:100 000 Low CONFIDENCE LEVEL MEDIUM O V E R V I E W The Moorebank Hydrogeological Landscape (HGL) is characteristic of areas of Neogene (Pliocene) alluvial deposits contained within the floodplain of the Georges River, particularly around Chipping Norton Lake in the suburbs of Chipping Norton, Moorebank, Lansdowne, Georges Hall and Fairfield East. Landscape features typically include broad, flat alluvial plains, splays and levees which are intersected by present day drainage channels and narrow drainage lines. This HGL is distinguished from other areas within the Sydney Metropolitan CMA by its very flat, broad and low lying alluvial plain and slowed flow/ponding within the bend in the Georges River around the Chipping Norton Lake area. The bend in the river has allowed Tertiary Alluvium to form the very flat lying landscape. The Moorebank HGL is distinct from the Parramatta/Georges River HGL because of this terminal-like ponding of the river, and that it is not heavily influenced by acid sulfate soils which produce a different salinity signature. This HGL comprises Neogene Alluvium (clayey quartzose sand and clay under the Georges River as part of the old fluvial environment) with small areas of Hawkesbury Sandstone (medium to very coarse-grained sandstone, minor laminated mudstone and siltstone lenses), and Wianamatta Group Shales and Sandstone (Ashfield Shale which is dark-grey to black claystone-siltstone and fine sandstone-siltstone laminite, and some Bringelly shale which is shale, carbonaceous claystone, claystone, laminite, fine to medium-grained lithic sandstone, rare coal and tuff). -
Sydenham to Bankstown Environmental Impact Statement
SYDENHAM TO BANKSTOWN ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT > Technical Paper 9 - Biodiversity assessment report Transport for NSW Sydney Metro City & Southwest Sydenham to Bankstown upgrade Environmental Impact Statement Technical Paper 9 – Biodiversity Assessment Report August 2017 Table of contents 1. Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 The project ........................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Purpose and scope of this report ....................................................................................... 12 1.4 Secretary’s environmental assessment requirements ....................................................... 13 1.5 Legislation and policy......................................................................................................... 14 2. Methodology ................................................................................................................................. 17 2.1 Approach ............................................................................................................................ 17 2.2 Desktop research ............................................................................................................... 17 2.3 Field survey ....................................................................................................................... -
Body Fossils and Root-Penetration Structures
CHAPTER 16 BODY FOSSILS AND ROOT-PENETRATION STRUCTURES 482 BODY FOSSILS AND ROOT-PENETRATION STRUCTURES RECORDED FROM THE STUDY AREA 16.1. INTRODUCTION There are three major groups of body fossils that occur in the Triassic rocks of the study area, including the Hawkesbury Sandstone. The first group comprises fossil plant remains, which are abundant and previously well studied (e.g. Helby, 1969a,b & 1973; Retallack, 1976, 1977a, b, c, & 1980), and root-penetration structures. The second group comprises fossil animal remains which are extremely rare and, except for locally abundant fossil freshwater fish in shale lenses in the Hawkesbury Sandstone and the Gosford (=Terrigal) Formation (see Reggatt, in Packham 1969, P.407; and Branagan, in Packham 1969, p.415-416), include the bones of amphibians (e.g. Warren, 1972 & 1983; and Beale, 1985) and bivalve mollusc shells of mytilid affinity (Grant-Mackie et al., 1985). Additionally, the freshwater fossil pelecypod, Unio, the branchiopod Estheria, and a variety of insects have been recorded from the Hawkesbury Sandstone (cf. Branagan, in Packham 1969, p.417). The third group comprises microfossils (microfauna and microflora) (e.g. Helby, in Packham, 1969 p.404-405 and 417; Retallack, 1980; Grant-Mackie et al., 1985). The abundance of spores, megaspores, intact spore tetrads, and abundant quantities of other microscopic organic materials including acritarchs (possibility having been reworked) have been suggested as evi dence that the palaeoenvironment of the Newport Formation was as marginal marine, possibly of lagoonal or estuarine character (Grant-Mackie et al., 1985). 483 16.2. TAXONOMY OF THE PLANT REMAINS AND ROOT-PENETRATION STRUCTURES 16.2.1. -
Terra Nostra 2018, 1; Mte13
IMPRINT TERRA NOSTRA – Schriften der GeoUnion Alfred-Wegener-Stiftung Publisher Verlag GeoUnion Alfred-Wegener-Stiftung c/o Universität Potsdam, Institut für Erd- und Umweltwissenschaften Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Haus 27, 14476 Potsdam, Germany Tel.: +49 (0)331-977-5789, Fax: +49 (0)331-977-5700 E-Mail: [email protected] Editorial office Dr. Christof Ellger Schriftleitung GeoUnion Alfred-Wegener-Stiftung c/o Universität Potsdam, Institut für Erd- und Umweltwissenschaften Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Haus 27, 14476 Potsdam, Germany Tel.: +49 (0)331-977-5789, Fax: +49 (0)331-977-5700 E-Mail: [email protected] Vol. 2018/1 13th Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biota (MTE13) Heft 2018/1 Abstracts Editors Thomas Martin, Rico Schellhorn & Julia A. Schultz Herausgeber Steinmann-Institut für Geologie, Mineralogie und Paläontologie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Nussallee 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany Editorial staff Rico Schellhorn & Julia A. Schultz Redaktion Steinmann-Institut für Geologie, Mineralogie und Paläontologie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Nussallee 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany Printed by www.viaprinto.de Druck Copyright and responsibility for the scientific content of the contributions lie with the authors. Copyright und Verantwortung für den wissenschaftlichen Inhalt der Beiträge liegen bei den Autoren. ISSN 0946-8978 GeoUnion Alfred-Wegener-Stiftung – Potsdam, Juni 2018 MTE13 13th Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biota Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, -
Late Neoproterozoic to Early Mesozoic Sedimentary Rocks of The
University of Wollongong Research Online Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health January 2017 Late Neoproterozoic to early Mesozoic sedimentary rocks of the Tasmanides, eastern Australia: provenance switching associated with development of the East Gondwana active margin Chris L. Fergusson University of Wollongong, [email protected] R A. Henderson James Cook University, [email protected] R Offler University of Newcastle, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/smhpapers Recommended Citation Fergusson, Chris L.; Henderson, R A.; and Offler, R, "Late Neoproterozoic to early Mesozoic sedimentary rocks of the Tasmanides, eastern Australia: provenance switching associated with development of the East Gondwana active margin" (2017). Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A. 4181. https://ro.uow.edu.au/smhpapers/4181 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] Late Neoproterozoic to early Mesozoic sedimentary rocks of the Tasmanides, eastern Australia: provenance switching associated with development of the East Gondwana active margin Abstract The Tasmanides in eastern Australia are the most widely exposed part of the East Gondwana Paleozoic active margin assemblage. Diverse sedimentary assemblages are abundant and include: (1) extensive quartz-rich turbidites and shallow marine to fluvial successions, (2) continental margin and island arc derived sedimentary successions with abundant volcanic lithic detritus, and (3) widespread deep-marine to subaerial successions formed from reworking of older rocks. Apart from island arcs such as the Devonian Gamilaroi-Calliope Arc, most of the Tasmanides sedimentary assemblages formed along or in close proximity to the Gondwana margin. -
The Geology of NSW
The Geology of NSW The geological characteristics and history of NSW with a focus on coal seam gas (CSG) resources A report commissioned for the NSW Chief Scientist’s Office, May, 2013. Authors: Dr Craig O’Neill1, [email protected] Dr Cara Danis1, [email protected] 1Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109. Contents A brief glossary of terms i 1. Introduction 01 2. Scope 02 3. A brief history of NSW Geology 04 4. Evolution of the SydneyGunnedahBowen Basin System 16 5. Sydney Basin 19 6. Gunnedah Basin 31 7. Bowen Basin 40 8. Surat Basin 51 9. ClarenceMoreton Basin 60 10. Gloucester Basin 70 11. Murray Basin 77 12. Oaklands Basin 84 13. NSW Hydrogeology 92 14. Seismicity and stress in NSW 108 15. Summary and Synthesis 113 ii A brief Glossary of Terms The following constitutes a brief, but by no means comprehensive, compilation of some of the terms used in this review that may not be clear to a non‐geologist reader. Many others are explained within the text. Tectonothermal: The involvement of either (or both) tectonics (the large‐scale movement of the Earth’s crust and lithosphere), and geothermal activity (heating or cooling the crust). Orogenic: pertaining to an orogen, ie. a mountain belt. Associated with a collisional or mountain‐building event. Ma: Mega‐annum, or one million years. Conventionally associated with an age in geochronology (ie. million years before present). Epicratonic: “on the craton”, pertaining to being on a large, stable landmass (eg.