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II t VOTE WILL YA? column, in that the problems in­ i volved are surely central to any STUDENT UNION MANAGEMENT - discussion of Zionism and Palestine. COMMITTEE Dear Editor, SENATE Yours sincerelv. Brent Lewis’ tour de horizon of Leonard Bell, Editor - Mike Rann A U SA is calling for nominations for two New Zealand foreign policy last issue Lecturer, positions on Student Union Management was breathtaking in its scope. I'd Dept, of Art History. Committee to take office on 1 st October Technical Editor * Malcolm Walker like to read more on practical reforms 1975 for one year term and for two to existing institutions such as: student representatives on Senate to take office on 1 st October for a one year term. Advertising Manager - Paul Gilmour (1) supplementing the External Nominations for these close with the Aid Division of the Foreign Ministry Association Secretary at 5.00 pm., on 25th Reporter • Rob Greenfield with a Council on Development 3 July, 1975. Thanks to Raewyn Stone, Assistance and a Development ORIENTATION CONTROLLER Ruth Butterworth, Bob Mann, Ann Studies Institute. Wilkes, Roger Horrocks, Clare Ward, (2) lobbying for more Foreign Dear Editor, Applications for the position of Orienta­ Split Enz have left us, devasted, for­ Anne Chambers. Ministry funding of private overseas tion Controller have opened. Application m lorn. Not only have we lost the only truly forms are available from the A.U.S.A. aid agencies engaged in people-to- entertaining band N.Z. has ever seen, but people schemes (this has begun in a Office. Applications close at 5.00 p.m. we have also glimpsed the last of their with the Association Secretary, on Thurs­ small way under the Voluntary beautiful bass player - the divine Jonathan day, 7th August 1975. Agency Support Scheme but needs Michael Chunn. expansion); To add insult to injury I have recently Sharyn Cedermar\^ (3) supplementing present Foreign learnt that the above-mentioned object of Association Secretary An Open Letter to the Vice my fantasies is a graduate of Auckland Ministry information outlets by cre­ CAFETERIA PRICES-5% RISE Chancellor University, in Engineering for goodness ating a new journal, as John Laird is sake. Where was he hiding his spell-bind­ exploring, or opening the Foreign To cover recent wage increases Dear Dr Maiden, ing face. It would have improved this Affairs Review to non-governmental god-forsaken-hole considerably. and rising costs the Student Union more provocative contributors; I shall now regard engineers in a new Management Committee has decid- Many students are upset about (4) reducing tariff and non-tarrif light, although I doubt whether there is * ed that cafeteria prices need to be the University pinching our Wyn­ barriers to NZ imports of products another such as him in their distressingly increased by 5% from Monday 21st yard St. parking area behind the of poor nations. motley ranks. July. Tea and coffee prices will not Engineering school. While Mr. Yours etc. be altered. Pullar in his letter of 27th June Jaynie Brent referred to the “newly For the remainder of the year has set out a cogent case for the founded Peace Institute”. I think University taking Wynyard St. the restaurant will open for even­ he meant the N.Z. Foudation for ing meals only. Declining custom to make up for one hundred and Peace Studies, whose president’s two p l^ rs lost to the University has led to lunchtime service losing contribution you very adequately money which the catering operation fo r various reasons, this argument X presented in the same issue of 4 cannot afford. is illusory. Craccum. At any one time University The Student Union Management Dear Ed, parking areas are never, filled to Committee considers that these act­ Sincerely I am a Japanese student and would their capacity, while it may be ions are necessary because sales this like very much to correspond with New year have not been up to expecta-. bureaucratically desirable to have Steve Hoadly Zealander girls student in order to find tion. This is a reflection of the diff­ one car place for every permit Political Studies Dept. out more about New Zealand and New icult financial times that many stu­ issued, in practise the University Zealander. dents are facing. The Association does not need to have an equal UDUia you please send my name and subsidizes the catering operation by number of places for staff re­ address to either 18-21 year old girl $10,000 per year as a matter of quiring parking. Thus to say student in New Zealand. policy. This year the subsidy will that Wynyard St. is required to I’m need to be increased by about make up for a number of places lost Name : Hiroaki Sakagami $8,000. This is not a new thing - to past and pending construction, Address: 1-43, Tanabehigashino-cho Dear Editor, last year the loss on the catering is only to confuse the issue. The Higashisumiyoshi-ku Osaka 546 was $6000, in 1973 it was $13,000, real issue is that University park­ Re Craccum Supplement. Japan in 1972 $8,000, etc. This trend re­ ing areas are under utilized while Zionism and Palestine. The report­ Sex : Male flects the fact that- while the sub­ places that students can use are er of Sami Hadawi’s lecture writes; A g e: 21 sidy has remained at $10,000 for ' in drastic short supply. This ' “No-one would deny the horrors Hobbies:Sports and Travel the past 5 years, wages and price situation is getting worse. If this is not possible would you be of anti-semitism” Further comment rises, have far from remained at a The other day at midday, thirty able to send their address to me ? I would on the nature and extent of anti­ static level. staff cars were parked in the “ new” semitism in Arab countries and appreciate it if you would answer to my letter soon. parking area that formerly accomm­ among Arab people may have shed Yours truly, odated on 3 hundred and fifty some light on why the Israelis re­ student cars. Accepting the argu- • spond to Arab and Palestinian Hiroaki Sakagami ment that access must be kept open “overtures” in the way they do. whereas it was not before, this is e.g. Do Jews have a happy time in an inefficient use of space. Reli­ Syria or Iraq? able sources tell us that other park­ The Reporter also quoted from ing areas run by University are the relevant U.N. Security Council rarely filled to capacity either. Resolution, e.g. “respect for and Conservation and the issue over acknowledgement of the sovereignty use of the private motor-car aside territorial integrity, and political students do rely heavily on this independence of every state in form of transport, particularly the area, and its right to live in those affected by the vicissitudes peace within secure and recognised of public transport in outlying boundaries free from threats or areas. It is hard then to see, acts of force”. Do the Arab a bearing in mind Mr Pullers reply, states accept this in so far as it the justification of denying the is applicable to Israel? use of Wynyard St. for student Did they recognise Israel’s cars. sovereignty, territorial integrity I would I ike to propose for etc. in 1948? After all one must CAREFULLY! your consideration, that students consider the origins of the con­ be allowed to use this area on flict. More particularly do Yasir production of ID cards and pay­ Arafat and the P.L.O accept the ment of 10 cents* after staff U.N. Resolution? Do they accept who use the area have done so. Israel’s right to existence? One This could be set at a certain must remember that a bi-partisan time, say, 9 O’clock. MAKE state such as some Palestinians ABORTION UNNECESSARY This solution would satisfy demand is not part of the U.N. FOR CONTRACEPTIVEIADVICI some of those students who used Resolution. Perhaps there are to park there and would meet I CONSULT YOUR FAMILY good reasons for this? For in­ your requirements for “ increased DOCTOR, STUDENT HEALTH stance the historical necessity SERVICE OR FAMILY PLAN­ staff parking” . of a Jewish State; given centuries of anti-semitism. Interestingly NING CLINIC. Yours sincerely Trotsky recognised this necessity ]N.Z. FAM ILY PLANNING ASSN< in the last years of his life. Any­ INC. Michael Kidd way comment on the questions I Senate Rep. ask may be worthwhile in your * Page 3

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; for two iagement October two :e to take ^ear term, i the n., on 25th

* Orienta- stay out The Campaign for Nuclear Disarm­ es arising 5 to 30 years later - which •plication Zealand is to continue to lead the When such vessels first visited ament has called upon students and could not provably be attributed to J.S.A. South Pacific and the world in creat­ Japanese ports, they said, the Jap­ 0 p.m. university staff to write letters to this particular cause, and therefore ing a zone free of nuclear weapons anese public were assured by both on Thurs- the Prime Minister, Mr. Rowling, not covered by the U.S. policy.” in the Pacific, we cannot possibly supporting the Government’s moves the U.S. and their own government Secondly, the Congressional resol­ permit our waters to be used by any to establish a nuclear-free-zone in that there would be no health or ution comes under the limits of the type of warship which may have the Pacific - yet urging the Govern­ Price/Anderson Act which restricts environmental hazard - and no rad­ nuclear weapons.” iation leakage from such ships in ment not to allow nuclear-powered to $560 million the public compen­ "The U.S. and other navies must Japanese waters. Just like New Zea­ > R IS E warships to visit New Zealand ports. sation payable under U.S. law for give an undertaking that any ship land. Last week the C.N.D. was ‘strong­ nuclear power plant accidents. Yet they want to send to New Zealand Notwithstanding such assurances, :reases ly critical’ of the Minister of Defence the ‘maximum’ possible damage has will not be carrying nuclear weapons. however, Gensuikyo decided to test t Union for his claim that nuclear powered been estimated by U.S. Government If they will not give such an under­ for themselves. They commissioned as decid- warships might be accepted into studies, in 1957 and last year, to taking we should exclude all war­ a team of scientists and divers from d to be New Zealand harbours. exceed $6 billion. ships of those types "which are Japanese universities to test Japanese day 21st " It is misleading for Mr. Fraser "The smaller reactors in ships known normally to carry them,” harbours during and following visits , will not to state that the American Congress and subs could not release as much Mr. Northey said. from atomic-powered warships. They has accepted ‘absolute liability’ for radio-activity as a nuclear-power Editor’s note : found substantial contamination. any damage caused by a nuclear- plant mishap.” "O n the other hand,” e year While attending the Conference The public outcry from the Gen­ powered U.S. warship,” said Rich­ Mr. Northey said, "a severe accident ar even- for a Nuclear Free Pacific in Suva sukyo revelations pressured the Jap­ ard Northey, C.N.D’s President. in a harbour could expose far more ustom last April, I questioned several of anese Government to prohibit U.S. "W e pointed out to the Prime people than a remote power station” . e losing the Japanese delegates as to the safe­ warships from releasing radio-active Minister at our meeting a month " It is therefore misleading for operation ty of nuclear powered ships. The matter in Japanese waters. Now, esp­ ago that the American Ambassador anyone to claim that absolute liabil­ delegates, from the massive lapan- ecially equipped tugs ‘tug’ atomic- was relying on a joint resolution of ity is now guaranteed. Compensation agement powered ships inside Japanese har­ Congress last December which mere­ ese peace organisations - Gensukyo these act- might turn out to be only a few cents bours - monitoring any contaminat­ ly says : ‘it is the policy of the U.S. and Gensuikin - told me that U.S. sales this in the dollar - or, indeed, the Presi­ ion. , that it will pay claims proven to nuclear powered warships had con­ xpecta-. dent of the day has the discretion Let’s not let it get to that stage in have resulted from a nuclear acci­ taminated Japanese harbours. the diff- not to authorise payment at all.” New Zealand. lany stu- dent involving the nuclear reactor of a U.S. warship...... and the "Most importantly, no American :iation money can compensate people for President may authorise.... payment’ ration by ' the suffering and death caused by :er of "This so-called legislation is ser­ radiation sickness, leukemia and CAPPING’S COURT CONCLUSION against Mark John Blomkamp, aged iy will iously inadequate for the protect­ cancers.” 22, was dismissed for ‘want of out ion of the New Zealand people Our strongest objection to the Charges brought against three prosecution’. hing- against possible major releases of warships is that most normally Auckland University students result­ Mr. Gilliand dismissed charges of tering radio-activity from such a ship. carry nuclear weapons. The U.S. ing from alleged incidents during stealing a beer glass and dishonestly $13,000, Firstly, the main effects expected Pacific fleet is reputed to carry this year’s Capping were dismissed receiving a beer glass against Ashleigh trend re- would be leukemia and cancer cas­ about 1500 nuclear bombs. If New Diane McKegg, aged 20, for the ie sub- by Mr. H. Gilliand, S.M., in the same reason. >00 for ' Auckland Magistrate’s Court last After hearing evidence from I price week. Malcolm Lloyd Browne, aged 20, ?d at a A charge of stealing a beer glass Stephen,John Liddle, aged 23, was and a police sergeant, Mr. Gilliand found guilty on a charge of wilful amended a charge of disorderly be­ trespass on May 8 in the Kiwi haviour to one of depositing danger­ Tavern. Mr. Liddle, who had ent­ ous litter. Mr. Browne pleaded not ered a plea of not guilty, was con­ guilty to the amended charge which victed and fined $30. Two other was then dismissed by Mr. Gilliand. students, both aged 19, were each . Three other students were con­ victed of charges relating to inci­ convicted and fined $30 on charges dents during Capping. of using obscene language.

GENERAL SECRETARY

Applications are invited for the position of General Secretary (preferably full-time) who will be based in our office in Wellington. This position offers a unique opportunity for the right person to help the development of the most important area of Education. Applicants must have a commitment to Education with particular interest and experience in the pre-school field. Highly desirable would be a knowledge of the needs and problems of Kindergarten Teachers with administrative experience in a union or professional Assn. The Appointee will be a key person in the Association and must be capable of maintaining good public relations, researching cases and assisting with report writing and negotiations. No age restrictions are envisaged but an ability to relate well to all age groups is needed. TOF Salary cannot be over-generous but is negotiable. An immediate start is not required. Applications marked "Confidential" should be addressed to : AMERICAN The President, N.Z. Free Kindergarten Teachers Assn, P.O. Box 466, PAPERBACKS WELLINGTON - IN S TO C K / PRESIDENT WARD state of the union It is time to elect the new president, phy department. Craccum came out the new welfare and administrative strongly on the side of the student vice presidents and the new treasur­ reps and said that the university er of the Auckland University Stu­ should listen to student demands. dents’ Association for 1976. It is The University has never liked hav­ also time for me to reflect on the ing the boat rocked and usually meaning and achievements of our bends over backwards'to accommo­ year - although the current Execu­ date student wishes before they ev­ tive still has 6 months to serve. er receive such a public airing. They In August last year 15 people are afraid of the idea of students were elected as the executive of camping on the steps of the registry the Students’ Association for the voicing their demands. And yet there 1974-75 year. I can remember a was hardly any feedback to that common thread of idealism amongst Craccum article. us. There was a universal hope that Where was the evidence of stu­ something would H A PPEN to break dent solidarity ? It is very difficult the apathy and boredom of the uni­ for student representatives to be versity. I think that the student vot­ effective when their constituents re­ ers - all 30% who voted - showed main unmoved and give no evidence the same hope. of their support. What has happened ? A t last Mon­ There have always been compl­ day’s AUSA Winter Lecture, Rangi aints about the standards of*ieach- Walker talked of the inertia of the ing, the workload, the various me­ university and Students’ Association thods of assessment, the subject alike, then spoke of a so-called free material etc. etc. The complaints community which could bring about always seem to be beneath the sur­ change in the educational system face. Students do have power but (or in society as a whole) if they they need to make their demands chose to. The surprising thing is that visible. they do NOT choose to. Besides those parts of the Uni­ All of us are aware of facets of versity who would prefer to believe this society that are radically wrong. that students do not exist, there There are plenty of issues which are sections who would like to know need and demand attention - and what students want. There is free­ they are not all just economic issues tion of Polynesian inmates in our observable. Not for the last few years dom within the system for student as one might be led to believe after prisons ? Why is it that few of the - not within the memory of most of wishes to be expressed. But they listening to the leaders of both of middleclass end up behind locked today’s students. remain unvoiced and unheard. our major parties. doors ? I often hear of comments, either It seems that at the same time The French Tests -Does any nat­ Health Services - Months ago Dr. first hand or otherwise, which stu­ as students won the right to be re­ ion have the right to pollute and Elliot spoke of an acute shortage dents make about the university. presented on every major governing endanger the world in which all of ' of doctors in South Auckland - he There is a question which is asked committee they also gave it away us and our children must live? quoted the figures of 4 general pract­ again and again ‘W H Y D O ESN ’T by forgetting that silent representa­ Nuclear Power*- ls it inevitable itioners for the whole area. Dr. Rutt­ SOMETHING HAPPEN ? ” Why is tion is no representation. er, Chairman of the Auckland Hos­ this place so boring ? Why is it so that we must choose a source of After the last Winter lecture pital Board replied by saying that dull ? Why is it so apathetic ? power that is intrinsically danger­ (which incidentally was quite wide­ he himself was a doctor in South Where is the student life we used to ous and potentially a threat to our ly publicised) just 16 people came Auckland and he felt Dr Elliot’s hear about ? ‘W H Y D O E SN ’T community merely to allow foreign to hear Rangi Walker speak fairly statement to be unfair. SOMETHING HAPPEN ?’ -owner companies like Comalco to caustically about the/education>tfcv- The newspapers and the National I ask myself the same question : survive here. elopmentj&Onference and what came Party gave enormous publicity to 1 don’t think the present executive The Task Force - Something is out of it, the administrative vice- the lack of funds available for the has been lackadaisical. We are nearly wrong here in our own city and we president shrugged his shoulders allow the government to introduce Green Lane Heart Unit -150 patients all idealists and believe that it is per year are supposedly affected be­ possible for something to happen. rather despondently and asked measures of Law and Order without ‘what can you do ?’ ‘W H A T CAN questioning why there was ever a cause of the lack of finance, yet We provided forums for discuss­ thousands of people are affected YO U DO’. need for those measures. Why do ion, we invited the country’s lead­ The question is often echoed Ponsonby and Otara have a Task because of a lack of finance available ers here so that people would have in education and there is no great around the association and too oft­ Force while Remuera and Epsom the opportunity to question their en the answer comes back - NOTH­ do not ? publicity. policies, we provided and are pro­ There are literally dozens of ING You can’t do anything because The Wanganui Computer - The free­ viding social functions for people nothing you do makes any differ­ dom of the individual in our society ‘values’ issues which are part of our to enjoy. everyday lives and it is not peace ence. is being laid on the line. Perhaps we The clubs and societies are active. There is no way that this answer can have faith in Jonathan Hunt and contentment which are respon­ Our amenities are being built up sible for the general quietness and can be accepted. I believe that it is and his assertion that the present year by year - this year new flats possible to do all things and time government would respect the rights lack of comment in our time. and a new theatre, next year a new Last Sunday afternoon I went on after time minority activist groups of the individual - indeed that any­ gymnasium and squash courts com­ prove me right. We need to make use one violating the computer system the Green Peace March which was plex - the year after a sports compl­ protesting against the French tests. of our representative systems and make would be severely punished - but ex out at Tamaki. The material known our point of view - Otherwise how can we have faith in the govern­ We went from the Town Hall to needs of students are well catered the Post Office. At the Post Office they will never know what we are ments of 1976, 1977, 1978 etc. etc. for. However there is certainly about - and they will keep on prov­ ‘Big Brother is watching You’ is not we heard comments about the mean­ something missing. ing of the protest. iding economic policies ad nauseum such a far-fetched notion but there There is little feedback from stu­ (and I would guess that at the same is no protest against it. One man never stopped talking dents. We feel that perhaps people about the communist propaganda time they will wish for some tangible Prison Reform - In T9757 New Zea­ are being worked too hard - perhaps feedback from their constituents). land’s penal system is archaic. Dr. and under-mining activism which continuous assessment in its present the March was portraying. He spoke There is a feeling in the air that Findlay, the Minister of Justice, has form is costing too much in terms something is about to happen. It often admitted this in his admira­ of the University as being a hot-bed of student life and involvement. of danger to the community at seems to me that there is hope build­ tion of Dutch and Scandinavian This is just a feeling we have - hardly large - of how the university repres­ ing up and that something is taking systems. Yet Labour has done noth­ anyone tells us that. ented a threat to society. place. We need to take the opportun­ ing to improve the present system. There is little feedback to the I wondered how long it had been ity and catch that hope while it is On the other hand, a National articles which appear weekly in since the University had been ob­ here. Spokeman describes Prison Reform Craccum. It is not as though there vious as a force of change within as updated lavatory facilities have not been controversial stories. society - - when the last time that For crying out loud in one of the country’s prisons. 2 or 3 issues ago there was a story the University he spoke of was A N Y T H IN G is possible Why is there such a high propor­ about inadequacies in the Philoso­ Page 5

ITALY: THE RISING RED BANNER

The recent Italian municipal and their overseas mail by truck to Switzerland reaction-reform to satisfy, or at least, Enrico Berlinguer, the C.P.I.s general regional elections mark the latest phase to be posted. Recently, a high postal offical divert, popular pressure from below. secretary, says that the Historic Com­ of that country’s rapid and accelerating in Rome admitted that he had sold V/i In Italy, where the chief opposition promise does not just mean C.P.I. drift to the Left. The Italian Communist tons of mail to a paper firm to be pulped. party has always been the Communist participation in a coalition government, and Socialist parties both made major At the pinnacle of this pyramid of party, this option has not been.open. The with the Communists guaranteering an gains, while the ruling Christian Democrats mismanagement and chaos is the Christian powerful vested interests that dominate end to strikes in exchange for a few port­ and their Republican and Liberal allies, Democratic government, which has so much of Italian life (the industrial folios. suffered serious losses. The Communist straddled the centre stage of Italian landowners and the It means, as he pointed out at C.P.I.s party gained control of the provincial politics for nearly thirty years. monopolies, the Church, the large land- most recent Congress, a genuine commit­ government Liguria, and strengthened their Able to govern only with the support owners and the banks), fear the consequ­ ment by the Christian Democrats to an hold on Umbira, Tuscany and Emilia- of splinter parties, rent by internal ences of a C.P.I. electoral victory too much. agreed program of basic and far-reaching Romagna, which they won in 1970. They factionalsm and competing interest-group Some believe that a Communist electoral reforms; the breaking of the stranglehold also came close to winning control in pressures, the C.D.P. is like a vast log-jam victory would lead to a Chilean-style of the monopolies, the development of four other regions. In addition, the impeding any further development in confrontation that would result in a the south, the emancipation of women, Communists gained control of the Italy’s political life. bloodbath and possibly a huge setback the total reform of the education and municipal administrations of Rome, Turin, The C.D.P.’s inability to cope with for the whole Labor movement. But legal systems, the democratization of the Milan and many other major Italian Italy’s crisis is in large part due to its Italian working class is not armed, and it armed forces and increased participation cities. The party gained 33.4% of the ambiguous character as a party. While is hard to see how it could become armed, of the working class in the political life total national vote, less than 2% behind it is supported and funded by the giant given the likelihood of pre-emptive of the country. If such a committment the Christian Democrats (35.3%), industrial monopolies of the North, it is action by the right-wing OfficerCorps. were forthcoming, Berlinguer argued, who have ruled Italy uninterruptedly also to a large extent a Church party, and Sections of the Army already think in Italy could begin to escape from its crisis since 1947. This represented a swing of appeals to the pverty-strieken and terms of a neo-fascist coup as Italy’s without bloodshed. nearly 6% to the C.P.I. intensely religious peasantry of-the South salvation. Last year, two generals, Duilio The Christian Democrats are deeply The C.P.I.’s victories open up the and Sicily. At the same time it tries to Fanali, the Air Force Chief-of-Staff and divided over the Communist party’s offer, possibility of a major upheaval in Italian maintain its support among the urban Vito Miceli, head of the Military Intelligence and the recent elections willy only deepend politics. Nearly thirty years of Christian middle classes. Service, were charged with plotting to their discomforture. The present Prime Democrat dominance have produced a Attempting to represent this unwieldy instigate souch a coup. Minister, Aldo Moro, is a moderate who is crisis of national proportions in all areas of coalition of social forces has led to Italy’s progress towards the rightist throught to lean towards accepting the Italian life. crippling factionalism within the party, coup is being aggravated by campaigns of Historic Compromise. His position is very The Italian economy is in a shambles, preventing any C.D.P. government from bombings and shootings, mostly by the/, delicate however, and he faces the with over one million people unemployed. effectively takling any of Italy’s problems. extreme-right; but also in some instances opposition of the Party’s powerful right Another 600,000 are estimated to be on Italy has had over thirty governments since from groups pn the fringe left, such as wing, left by the aprty secretary-general short-time or otherwise unemployed. the fall of Mussolini in 1944. All have anarchists and “ Maoists” who are working Amintore Fanfani. By late last year Italy’s inflation rate been dominated by the C.D.P., and none on a “ provoke-a-coup-to-bring-on-the- The C.D.P. with its electoral base was around twenty per cent. In 1974 has been able to enjoy more than a few revolution” strategy (a similar strategy steadily contracting, its policies in ruins Italy was forced to raise an emergency loan month’s power. This merry-go-round of was adopted by similar groups in Chile and its maladministration and general in 1973, with particularly bloody of $2000 million from West Germany, just C.D.P. faction fighting and musical-chair > political obstructiveness increasingly to keep up interest payments of its vast government has ensured Italy’s continuing consequences). exposed, now faces the real prospect of It is in an attempt to provide a solution National Debt. political, economic and social stagnation. a split over the issue of the Historic to this danger-fraught and apparently The economy is further shackled by This crisis has had two consequences. Compromise. Whether the populist and insoluable deadlock that the Italian Com­ the gross regional imbalance in Italy’s The first has been a series of massive oligarchic wings of the party can hold munist party has proposed what it calls development; in the poverty-stricken strike-waves by Italian workers, particularly together and take the plunge will be the “ The Historic Compromise” . south, the average per capita income is in the industrial North, accompanied by key question in Italian politics in the only half that in the industrialized north. factory occupations, sit-ins and sporadic The party argues that no-one in Italy, coming period. In addition, to the chronic economic violence. Workers have refused to bear least of all the working class, will benefit If they do not, it is difficult to see any illness, the whole Italian social-political the burden of the economic crisis, and from a Chilean-style “ vertical split” and non-violent solution to Italy’s crisis. The structure is in chaos. have repeatedly fought to maintain their confrontation between Communists and country’s steady descent into chaos will The legal system is grossly inefficient living standards in the face of the steady Catholics, and that therefore an accom­ accelerate and open the way to a right/ (with people being held in prison for up erosion of the purchasing power of their modation must be arrived at that will military coup and possibly civil war to two years before trial), riddled with wages. enable basic changes to be made in the Last month’s elections have greatly corruption and largely based on legal The second consequence has been Italian social and economic structure, increased the pressure on the Christian codes drawn up under Mussolini forty greatly increased pressure from all strata in without the constant fear of a rightist Democrats. With the Communists now years ago. Italy for the resolution of the country’s coup. in control of 1 /5th of Italy’s provincial There are immense problems in parliamentary impasse. Therefore the C.P.I. propose a three- governments and most of the larger education, health, housing and transport, Most parliamentary regimes are able sided alliance between the three main municipal administrations, and national most of them the result of bureaucratic to defuse pressure for change by forces in Italian political life; the Com­ elections due next year, the C.D.P. inertia, corruption, political patronage periodic transfers of power from liberal/ munists, the Socialists and the Catholics Leadership know that they are now incompetence and muddle. The Italian consergative parties to social-democratic (this is being a little generous to the faced with an epochal choice; com­ postal system has reached the point where parties and back again. Going through a Socialists; the S.P.I. gained only 12% of the promise or collapse. Fiat and other large companies send slow and complex progress of reform- vote in this month’s elections). ADAM C A R R BOB HALDANE Fair go! MOTORCYCLES

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FRI 1 ST AUGUST 1.00 ASYLUM MON 4TH AUGUST B 28 7.00 BLACK GOD, WHITE DEVIL 1.00 G O D ARD S SAT 2ND A U G U ST 5.00 LA V IL L E G G IA T U R A ■ 7.00 A S Y L U M 7.00 W HEN TH E PEO PLE A W A K E MINEMATA TUES 5TH AUG 1.00 BLACK GOD, WHITE DEVIL SUN 3RD AU G U ST 5.00 K A SH IM A PA R A D IS E 7.00 W H EN T H E PEO PLE A W A K E 7.00 G O D ARD S 52 BS M IN EM A T A 120 mins, Shows the effects of mercury 100 W F E poisoning on a Japanese Fishing Village This programme, like all good things, is subject to change

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mental patients. His father has decided to come an U .S.A . 1972 Colour 'Jjr take him away. We watch him arrange the detailso Jamie's life behind his back. "Now there's one othe Director: 16mm thing I've arranged" he begins, " I thought it wastim Peter Robinson English Soundtrack that Jamie had a female friend . . . I've found a girl.i 95 minutes may be calling here to take him to the zoo .. . build his ego". Small wonder that Laing suggested that schizophreneze (the sort of special language that sell The location of Peter Robinson's film A S Y L U M is a phrenics use) had the distinct purpose of keeping th small community in North London. Three houses there listeners at a distance. No one lives in the community as a therapist, no on contain an experiment in communal living that arose a patient. The important thing says Laing in the filij from the theory and practice of Dr. R.D. Laing and his is that there be "a few people around who have got colleagues. A range of social scientists were approach­ ing the view that the phenomena classified as 'schizo­ themselves enough together so that they don't feel phrenia', often, if not always, occurred within a field have to help other people who are not wanting their of complexly contradictory communication. Kingsley help, and are willing to help when it is wanted. Hall was a first attempt at creating a context within Because Peter Robinson hadn't the slightest ideawhj which these contradictions in communication could be it was going to consist of when he started shooting explored. A S Y L U M presents no slick advertisement for Laing a painfully real documentary experience .. . residen The houses of A SY LU M were rented very cheaply from getting 'better' and relapsing. The reality of painfu the London Council as they were condemned and shortly confrontations, down to the long, last confrontatioi to be destroyed. with David, in which he is made to face pure realit People get up or stay in bed as they wish, eat what they want when they want, stay alone or be with others and 'A SYLU M ... is really a communique form from som| generally make their own rules. Everyone has his or her other, unexplored sub-continent of the soul . . . sue own room. It is a place where people can be together one in totally with its eloquence, giving . . . form, and let each other be. sound and substance to individual anguish . . . its I audience may be too stunned to speak up . . . its In Peter Robinson's film the frame is always crowded creator and R.D. Laing . . . are not 'anti-psychiatric',| with coke cans and books, plates of food, dirty dishes They are pro-human." and sayings written on the walls, the effluvia of life in Psychiatric News the community. When the sound man and Robinson appear in the frame we realize it is not because of care­ .. almost terrifyingly involving . . . Barely has less technique but because they have really become a a movie screening ever seemed such an important part of the community by living there so that they could intellectual event." report the life that was led there as accurately as possible. Martin Knelman Jamie is a teenage boy who has been living in the com­ munity among some colleagues of Laing's and forrtier Toronto Globe & Mail!

IT A L Y 19 Colour Director: 35 mm ^ Marco Leto Subtitled in English 110 minutes

SI

1930 — Fascism holds the sway in Italy. Professor quiet holiday spent swimming and reading books. ions of the actual prisoners; the leading character's socia Rossini is banished to Ponza for his anti-fascist act­ feeling that he has somehow slipped out of time The film develops the relationship between a new ment is a significant but unstressed factor." ivity. Here he contacts Commissioner Rizzuto, sup­ arrival, a donnishly rational thinker, and the irgrat- local ervisor of the police in the island, who, having been ing governor, whose technique is all velvet gloves and Penelope Houston Sight and Sound THE a pupil of Rossini's father and having for him a deep civilised compromises. Slowly, subtly, against a back­ aries admiration, allows Rossini, against the political confine­ ground of grey skies and chilly beaches, LA V IL L E G - A deceptively simple but intellectually devasting provi' ment-regulations, to take lodging in a cottage out of the G IA T U R A brings its leading character to the point study of liberalism in the early days of Italian one n village, and, allows his wife and his daughter to join him where a line must finally be drawn against temptation fascism. Its coldly analytical dissection of class ment With the arrival of his own family, Rossini's life — of fascism in a white shirt. and the meaning of socialism as seen through the View» which so far was spent in dogmatic polemics on The setting imposes itself through a kind of man­ 'holiday' of a rich socialist professor on an island last y communism and useless hours at the bar with the nerly didacticism in the film's very unified style: prison is political cinema at its most effective." given civilian prisoners — look's, every day more, as a very academic calm contrasts with the rougher condit- of Ch Ken Wlaschin Films and Filming IITIC/IL FILMS

B LA C K GOD, W H IT E D EVI L is a companion piece to Antonio Das Mortes is the film's central character, a "Antonio Das Mortes" The film is set in the Sertao BRAZIL 1964 Black & White real catalyst to history. Although he's paid by the where there is constant famine and merciless drought. Director: 16mm church and the state, nonetheless in hunting cangaceiros and beatos, he accomplishes a work of liberation, elim­ Glauber Rocha Subtitled in English The action takes place in 1940, the key year when the inating utopian solutions in order to allow people to 110 minutes last of the cangaceiros, the honourable bandits, were attain freedom for themselves. wiped out — the crucial moment when myth becomes The cineama of Rocha is profoundly dialectical and the history. A cowherd, Manuel, oppressed by his master, opposition of two sides which cancel e^ch other out cury kills him in a moment of rebellion and flees with his ppens up a new awareness. This social fable is, more­ wife, Rosa. He at last finds refuge with Sebastiao, a over, constructed entirely on a dual relationship: llage bearded prophet — the Black God, who like all the certainly opposition of God and Devil, but also God/ beatos promises the people that Sertao will become a black — Devil/white, and the underlying homosexual sea of greenery and spreads terror wherever he goes. relationship of Sebastiao with Manuel and lesbian When a child is sacrificed, Rosa, jealous of Sebastiao's led to come am relationship of Rosa with Dada, Corisco's wife. We power over her husband and outraged by the deed, ge the details o are led to the idea of inter-changeability of moral kills the beato. The couple flee, and meet, during lere's one othei values — the god commits crimes and the devil some­ their wanderings, Corisco, a desciplef of Lampiao, the ught it was time times acts as a liberating force. The conflict between most famous of the cangaceiros. Corisco rs the Blond e found a girl, the two forces produces a third. Devil who kills and plunders. He changes Manuel's a zoo . . . build " Glauber Rocha sees the persistence, and the power, name to Satanas, and involves him in his deeds butdies jggested that of Catholic/African-derived popular mysticism as a at the hands of the bandit-killer and bounty hunter, iguage that sch positive force, or at least one potential basis for a Antonio Das Mortes. Manuel, left to himself, runs ! of keeping th popular revolution welded out of the contradictions symbolically off to the sea to the strain of a song which at the root of Brazil's 'permanent state of madness'." rerapist, no or» declares: David Wilson _aing in the fill The land belongs to Man I who have got And is neither God's nor the Devil's Sight and Sound ley don't feel t wanting their s wanted. ghtest idea whi rted shooting, nent for Laing ice .. . residen ality of painful t confrontation ce pure reality* orm from som ie soul . . . sud i g . . . form, luish . . . its c up . . . its kashima paradise iti-psychiatric' both in the village and the Kashima complex. More and In Japan, 'total development' is crashing ahead with FRANCE 1973 110 minutes more countryfolk go to work on the construction of iiatrie News frightening speed. This is a documentary about the Directors: Black & White new plants nearby, sell their land and become indust­ effects on a particular village of the nearby construct­ Yann Le Masson 16mm rial workers. Clouds of waste smoke; the beaches are irely has ion of a large industrial complex. l important Benie Deswarte Subtitled in English polluted with oil which makes fish inedible; toxic waste The two French film-makers (one a sociologist) spent water filters through the land and the farmers hands a year living with this rural community and shared become twisted with unknown illnesses. All changes, Knelman What is G IR I ? Imagine a system of exchange of gifts the experiences of a village which made the trans­ but nevertheless G IR I continues to underlie all human which permeates the entire economic life of a country ition from an almost medieval agricultural system to ) G lobe & Mail and a strict and severe moral code which specified the relationships. advanced industrial practice within the space of conditions under which these gifts are to be made. The farmer Zenzaemon is destined to become an indust­ twelve months. Society is traversed by a constant cross-current of rial worker as are the other small land owners and The farmer Zenzaemon lives in a quiet village, far gifts given, received, returned, by obligation, for personal agricultural producers. Understanding comes to him as it seems, from the excitement of Tokyo. However advantage, by magnanimity and for services expected he thinks about his situation. He finds himself thrown his everyday life and that of the other villagers in or received, as challenge and tokens. in which those who possess neither land nor skill — and their own work, weddings, funerals, building of houses, class consciousness begins to dawn in him . . . schooling, elections, etc .... gradually makes the basis It is not a remainder of old country traditions, for the of the ruling ideology apparent. Social mechanism is village is already undergoing a complete change. The An historical process affecting us all is here filmed laid bare and reveals that the underlying principle of Kashima steel petrochemical complex which is under from within ..." "familism" —GIR I is to be found in the village as well Construction nearby modifies mentality, habits and way as the city. of life, but G IR I remains and even becomes stronger Collegiate Theatre Program when the people ouKike Chile had a tremendous upsurge of wealthy landowners to workers and peasants. The acter's socialist and socio-critical filmsduring the Allende governgovern- interviews thus present both sides and the voices of ime ment. The government was concerned with planning for CHILEC H IL E 1973 Colour those who were opposed to the Allende government as local film production, distribution and exhibition. W HEN . , i _ wellwell as asthose those committed committed to toit. it. Tricontinental 16mm ound THE PEO PLE A W A K E is one of the successful document The film poses some highly interesting questions aries to be made during this period, and is a film which Film Centre Subtitled in English — What does it mean for an economically dependent provides an analysis of the political situation in Chile 60 minutes underdeveloped country to try to build socialism ? one month before the overthrow of the Allende govern­ Can socialism be achieved through peaceful electoral ment. country's upper class and the British domination of means ? Will the land owning class that has controlled Viewers of W HEN TH E PEO PLE A W A K E at a screening Chile's economy. "The film cooly, clearly and briefly Chile for two centuries ever allow the will of the people last year at Berkeley cited its objectivity. Praise was described the complicated background of this still under­ to prevail ? Can the class which has ruled the economic given to the examination of the historical development developed nation". The film contains a series of inter­ and political life be transformed and integrated into a of Chile's social structure; which traced the rise of the d Filming views with a cross-section of the Chilean people, from real process of social change ?

'fW'WJ/rjt r/Jr/ "Z'' / i 'r r r " wr r r r r r r' r r ! & THE BOYS Sex of Offender offence of woman assaulting man, man assaulting man, or woman assaulting T Y P E OF C R IM E (these headings are taken Does not Male Female woman. A man who strikes a woman thus verbatim from the Crimes Act) TO TAL matter only only commits an offence twice as heinous as a woman who strikes a man. Crimes Against Reputation (CAR) 2 2 -- - (Criminal libel, criminal slander) The final group of offences, CARMPW, are the most sexist of all : men can be guilty of having intercourse (described as Crimes Against the Administration of “ complete upon penetration” ) with girls in care and protection (s 131), girls under Law and Justice (CAALJ) 20 20 - (bribery, perjury, escaping from twelve (s 133), girls under 16, (s 134), prison etc) other men (s 141), with women by pre­ tence (s 137), or with idiot or imbecile women (s 138). Crimes Against Rights of Property Men, and only men, can commit an indecent act between man and boy (s 140), (CARP) 70 70 - - (theft, robbery, burglary, arson etc) sodomy (s 142), and bestiality (s 143) (the latter two require penetration). There are no statues which protect boys, or idtrt men, or imbecile men, or beasts, or other Crimes Against Public Order (CAPO) 22 22 - - (treason, sabotage, riot, piracy etc) women from the sexual advances or attacks of a woman. Perhaps this area can best be summed up by recourse to a common hypotheti­ % Crimes Against the Person (CAP) 42 38 2 2 (murder, abortion, assault etc) cal situation which involves the Police Offences Act, not the Crimes Act. Supp­ ose a woman walks by a window wherein a man is undressing. He can be charged Crimes Against Religion, Morality with “ exposing his person within view of and Public Welfare (CARM PU) 27 12 14 1 (blasphemy, incest, bestiality etc) a public place” , under s 47 of that Act. Reverse the situation, and imagine the man walking by a window, with a simil­ 1 TO T A LS 183 164 16 3 arly undressed woman inside. In that case it will again be the man who is arrested, (The total 180 offences for males can be obtained by this time for being a peeping Tom (s 52A). j adding the “ male only” offences to the “ neutral” Authority for that result can be found in offences; similarly for the 167 offences for females) a recent English case, Evans v Ewels (1972 | (In strict theory, it may be possible All England Law Reports) which found to charge a woman under the male only that the word “ person” was a Victorian | offences by saying that she “ aided and euphemism for a slightly shorter word. A } abetted” ) woman, therefore, could not be arrested for exposing her “ person” , because if she SEXUAL DISCRIMINATION IN THE has a “ person” , she’s not a woman. al import, we find there are a remainder While these offences, punishable by 14 CRIMES ACT *■ I would submit that these examples of one hundred and eighty-three (183) years in gaol, are not objectionable in show the general tendency of the law to sections, each of which sets out a separate, themselves, it does not seem to be a treat man as criminal and woman as vict­ A majority of the members of this definable, punishable offence - all of them slavery offence to “ transfer” a man, or im. Yet even when a woman is charged 37th elected Parliament of New Zealand sufficiently serious to justify the imposi­ to inherit him upon the death of his wife. with an offence, she will invariably rec­ were probably in favour of removing crim tion of a gaol sentence upon conviction. Ought not our laws to sexually symmet­ eive a much lighter penalty than a man inal penalties for non-public,«consensual Out of those 183, New Zealanders of rical ? charged with the same offence (although male homosexual behaviour, but we’ll the male sex can statutorily breach a tot­ The CAP offences include four sections we have just emerged from the common never know - the vote was 29 in favour of al of 180, but females can only commit a which create crimes for persons of one law rule which held that any woman in Mr. Young’s Crimes Amendment Bill, 34 crime under 167 sections. The offences sex only. On the female side, one of the the presence of her husband was incapable against and 24 Parliamentarians refused are broken down by type, and by sex of abortion sections applies only to the pre­ to vote yea or nay (counting the Speaker of committing a crime). the offencer, in the accompanying diagram. gnant woman, and seems justifiable if the and Mr. Watt). The Bill failed, and Parlia­ A recent English decision demonstrates It will be noted straight away that the abortion sections are justifiable. ment backhandedly endorsed the princi­ this judicial favouritism : In the Chandler C A R offences, the C A A Lj offences, and “ Infanticide” is a crime which can only ple of five-year gaol sentences for practis­ case (1964, House of Lords), six execu­ the C A RP offences are all sex-blind, and be committed by the mother of a child ing male homosexuals, although, be re­ tives of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarma­ contain no sort of sexual discrimination under the age of ten; if she kills such a minded, there is no such offence for ment were found guilty of organising an in defining offenders. The CAPO offences child in circumstances which would oth­ females. illegal sit-in at an Air Force base. While are also sex-blind in their definition of erwise be murder, she can be charged Bearing that vote in mind and recog­ the five male defendants each received a offenders, but two idiosyncrasies should under s 178 with Infanticide, and given a nising that this Anna Dominae 1975 calls sentence of 18 months, the single female be noted : First, the five crimes of trea­ maximum sentence of three years gaol. for special concern regarding sexual dis­ defendant, who had done exactly the son (s73) are punishable automatically, If a father,'in precisely those circum­ crimination, it would seem doubly appro­ same thing as her co-conspirators, receiv­ upon conviction by death by handing stances, so kills his child, he has comm­ priate now to examine New Zealand’s ed only twelve months. (yes, New Zealand still has the death pen­ itted murder, and must, upon conviction, basic criminal legislation to search out I would further submit that these alty). Not, however, for convicted persons be given life imprisonment. On the other any other sexism that might be there. attitudes on the part of parliamentarians under the age of 18, or for convicted per­ side, the first of the two male-only off­ and judges are partially responsible for The Crimes Act of 1961, originally sons who happen to be or get pregnant. ences is abducting a woman for purposes the fact that at the end of calendar year drafted in England in 1880, and first This loophole in the law raises the well of marriage or sex (there is no companion 1973 (the most recent year for which adopted by New Zealand in 1893, is the -known gaolers’ problem of The Promis­ offence for abducting a male for those statistics are available) New Zealand pri­ basic code defining permissible and im­ cuous Traitress. Secondly, the definition purposes). sons held 2470 men and only 97 women. permissible social conduct in this country. of slavery, s 98, includes inter alia giving Secondly, a man commits a two-year Out of a total of four hundred and twelve a woman in marriage (or “ transferring” offence tf he assaults a woman (the non- W.C. Hodge (412) sections, after discarding all those her) without her consent, and inheriting sexual kind of assault); this can be con­ Lecturer-in-law of jurisdictional, procedural, or definition­ a woman upon the death of her husband. trasted with common assault, a one-year

(3Ua&on — not Supewtition” Tne N.Z. Rationalist & Humanist

64 Symonds St., 375-131 Come and visit us and help promote the cause of Rationalism. We hold Wine & Cheese evenings with discussion every 2nd and 4th Friday nights from 6.30 on. No holds barred. Sometimes we have a “ Party” • with the necessary ingredients - on odd Sun­ day nights. Come join us and communicate. Everyone’s future depends on all of us. staggered down to the front A note on the Craccum office door door at 0755 yesterday to pick up read : ‘No issue this week. Try Grad the Herald. There was the sober Bar. M .R .’ titleline, securely flanked by its pair This sounded like total revolution, of one-inch advertisement blocks. so I rang Political Studies. independent drama Below, the rest of the front page ‘As we see it, this is probably an was blank. Page 2 : a few commer­ over-reaction on the part of the; news festival cials, square feet of white paper. media to the recently announced theatre On the leader page, only letters and discovery of Chapworthson’s Law.’ weather. At least there’s going to The oracular voice warmed to its New Independent’s Lunchtime WHAT IS IT ? be some weather today. subject. Theatre Season continues with a production- A Festival of plays and dance product­ I went back up to the kitchen ‘This Law, which was, I am pleas­ of Strindberg’s “ The Stronger” directed ions at night and a series of Workshops and switched on the radio. Music, ed to say, discovered by this depart­ by Ray Waru. This replaces “ The Bespoke during the day. and Robert Taylor: ment, states that the volume of news Overcoat” which will probably be done Workshops for Actors, Directors, Danc­ later in the season. ‘Just a reminder that there has adjusts itself to fill the space avail­ ers, Administrators, Technical Persons Strindberg, a writer of intense creative and interested people in all fiels of Drama been no Morning Report for today, able for its presentation. energy is familiar to most audiences will be held. ‘Briefly what it means is that und­ Tuesday, and that Midday Report through N ZBC’s version of “ Miss Ju ly” . W HEN ? has also been cancelled.’ er normal circumstances a news med­ Scandanavian drama has proved popular August 25 to September 3 1975. Panic. Has total non-event settled ium has just so much space or time with New Independent’s recent success of W H E R E ? on the land ? I tried Radio I: Just to fill. If there’s a lot of news, some­ Ibsen’s “ A Doll’s House” . In Auckland. We are using four venues like a newspaper-with-music-without thing has to be left out. And if there “ The Stronger” written in 1889 is a for productions - the NEW IN D EPEN D ­ -news. is not enough, trivial items have to short experimental play involving two EN T T H EA T R E, the A R T S C EN TRE, 1480, same story : ‘We’ve been be included to meet the quota. women. Strindberg’s attitude to women is the ST JOHNS THEOLOGICAL COLL­ getting a lot of calls from people ‘Often a newspaper puts in days-old seldom complimentary. This play is EGE THEATRE, and NORTH SHORE asking why we’re not broadcasting overseas items as fillers. And every­ unusual in that it is one of the two plays TEACHERS COLLEGE. where married women are given a sympa­ body knows that no news can happen Workshops are centred on the Univers­ any news bulletins this morning. thetic portrait and is a suitable choice for ity campus. at the weekend, because nobody’s The answer is simple. The Hauraki International Women’s Year. The main WHO ARE RUNNING IT? newsteam has personally checked around to report and print it. character, a part written for Strindberg’s The Northern Regional Committee of all the stories coming into our news­ ‘Television’s especially prone to wife, is similar to Ibsen’s Nora. But to NZSAC are the instigators and governing room and decided that none of them this, because usually the cameras label the play feminist propaganda is body. Don Stedman is the Convenor, he was important enough for you to can’t be in the right place at the inaccurate; it concerns what constitutes can be found in Room 107 of the Union hear. So they’ve all gone home, and right time. So they film the skid­ real strength in a marriage - flexibility. Building, next to the employment office. this morning you get even more marks and interview a passing lorry Originally set in an Edwardian restaurant, WHAT GROUPS HAVE PRODUCTIONS ? it has been modernised and now takes music in Auckland on Radio ...’ driver because they missed the acci­ A variety of groups so far - place in a dimly lit coffee bar. Massey University are bringing a Ber- So that’s it. Journalists are out dent itself. Or they read you today’s The producer, Ray Waru, now comp­ told Brecht play called “ TH E EXC EPTIO N on strike and trying to justify it score, but have to show film of last leting a masters degree in English, has AND THE RULE”, week’s match.’ by saying there’s no news. But the both acted and directed around Auckland. Waikato Joint Campus Drama Club are there’s always news. A film-star ‘I see this as a positive attempt Directing is his main interest, his bringing a major production entitled divorced, a strike at K— , the odd by the media to present the import­ productions include “ Moon for the “ MQON C H IL D R E N ” by Michael Weld Misbegotten” at Theatre Co-op and air disaster, New Low for British ant news only, and not be dominat­ which they warn is not suitable for pers­ “ Total Eclipse” for the university. Next Pound. There must be news. How ed by the demands of the system. ons over 30 years old. We hope to have year, he will be producing a New Zealand is the nation supposed to survive However, since it does violate the another shorter production from Waikato drama “ Te Raukura” . Long term nrosnect Law as we have formulated it, I as well. a conversationless breakfast with include an extensive trip to Europe where Theatre Workshop are reviving “ SM AC K’ no newspaper to defend itself ? must on principle oppose the move.’ he hopes to direct lilms. I kicked the cat and went to the The idea was growing on me. so those who missed that terrific product­ Jenny Dalziel takes the main role; her ion will have another opportunity to see telephone. Press and radio had decided nothing experience includes acting for Theatre it. worth the telling had happened since ‘Good morning, Herald editorial. Co-op and Children’s Art Theatre and Auckland Teachers Colleges Theatre We regret the circumstances that yesterday. So eat, drink, be merry, last year was highly praised for her Workshop are presenting “ S IX PONGO have forced us to publish no news and avoid the Star, just in case. portrayal of Mother Courage. PLAYS” in this morning’s issue. This is in Euphoria set in as I walked through For this production there is a change North Shore Teachers College assure line with our new editorial policy, the day. Mushroom clouds dissolv­ of days and dates. It can be seen at us that two productions are in the pipeline. which intends to print only import­ ed over Muroroa. Task Force shout­ lunchtime every day of the week begin­ Drama through the medium of Dance ant news. ed the Grim Reapers to dinner at ning July 28th at 1.10 p.m. As usual a will also have its part in the festival with light lunch of soup and toast will be served ‘However, we have not forgotten the Intercontinental. Nixon was un­ a number of local choreographers and from 12.45 and is included in the admission groups presenting their work. We hope to that a newspaper serves many pur­ pardoned, tried, convicted, and charge (Adulst $1.25, Students 75c). poses besides reading, so we have sentenced to ten years hard labour find still more productions and are work­ On Wednesday, Thursday, Friday of ing on involving some of the local comm­ supplied the standard number of in a recording studio. Muldoon and August 6, 7, 8 our programme will unity theatre groups. More details will be Tizard agreed on the balance of pay­ pages. You may rest assured that acknowledge the anniversary of Hiroshima released later. when there is significant news avail­ ments. And Idi Amin resigned in with a poetry reading entitled “ The WHO CAN TAKE PART ? Bomb” . able again, we will not hesitate to favour of Princess Anne. Any body can attend the shows on For any information about lunchtime increase the number of printed pag­ High on blissful ignorance, I slept either a season ticket or single show basis. theatre es to whatever is necessary. This is through the television news, just in Season ticket prices are $2.50 for Stud­ phone — Peggie Nicholson case. ents and $4.50 for members of the pub­ a recorded message.’ BSY (47) 87116 lic. Some hours later, at the bus stop, I needn’t have worried. I stagger­ or Genevieve Orr Workshops are also open to all with I read the headline in someone else’s ed down to the front door at 0755 764-465 copy of Truth. this morning to pick up the Herald. initial preference for members of partici­ SCOOP : THE NAKED TRUTH At the bottom of a front page cramm­ pating groups. Costs range from $8 to $20 with a variety of concessions being ed with death, disaster, mayhem and Today TRUTH scores another world offered. record. Stripped of all news stories, pillage, I discovered a footnote. HOW CAN WE FIND OUT MORE ? we are the first weekly to bare entire Last night’s T V news was replaced Call, phone (30789 ext 43), or write pages to the public. by repeat episodes of Tarzan and to : Our solicitors have already contacted The Top Secret Life of Edgar Briggs. Don Stedman, the Guinness Book of Records in Television journalists had struck Drama Festival Convenor, London. for equal holidays with their coll­ Auckland University Students Assn, , Above all for New Zealand. Hitler! eagues in press and radio. Private Bag, At Varsity things were no better. Oh, I believe in yesterday...... Auckland. ACCOUNTANT’S SOCIETY Traditionally, economic difficulties in out a corresponding increase in product­ New Zealand are blamed on the govern­ ion, then this will be to the detriment of ment, which in turn passes the buck over­ another sector, or of society as a whole - seas. in the form of a price increase. An open economy like ours is particu­ Then this will be to the detriment of an­ larly susceptible to shifts in the terms of other sector or of society itself (in the trade. Worsening terms of trade in 1974 form of a price increase). If each sector, resulting in a 28% general increase in in turn, demanded (and received) a great­ import prices coupled with falling markets er share, you would have wage-price in­ in the U.K., Europe and japan have meant flation, which finally creates a situation a shortage of both resources and money at where sectors not only compete against a time of swollen demandsu each other but against successive price This has resulted in a ‘turn-about’ from rises as well. A number of economies healthy growth in 1973/74 (about 8%) to trading with each other tends to com­ a projected minus of about 1% in 1975/76. pound the problem of inflation. The Values Party goal of nil economic Any successful claim (for a greater growth was reached by Government in share) seems to indicate that either an the 1974/75 year. economy is not well-ordered (thus some Trading patterns, however, do not tell adjustment is needed) or the claimant’s the whole tale of why we are in the pro­ equity is sour (in which case the adjust­ verbial shit-cart. In fact, Government res­ ment is also sour). Or alternatively the ponse appears to aim not so much at the economy is well-ordered (thus the adjust­ external economic environment but rath­ ment is injurious to the ordering) or the er toward cleaning up our own back yard. claimant’s equity is valid (in which case Our current balance of payments de­ the adjustment is also valid). In any case ficit reached bottom at about $1070 mill­ it would seem that if inflation resulted ion dollars in April (a little more than 10% from such adjustment then something is of the GNP). Overseas reserves are running wrong with either the ordering or the at around $550 million, and the internal competing equities - thus wrong with budget deficit of $497 is to be financed everything the economic structure (instability to say with foreign capital (it is better to be a the least). debtor during times of rampant inflation.) The Government has banked on a world PAST PRESENT AND FUTURE economic upturn hoping that this will ease our external finances and allow greater The N.Z. Government has been more emphasis on internal economic problems you don’t successful in its policies of combatting like inflation. inflation compared to many similar In earlier times inflation was generally foreign economies. Prices we note have characterised as excess expenditure over been rising at a rate of about 13% per available goods and services. With wage annum and some levelling of inequalities and price increases caused by excessive want to know has occurred while wages have risen by demands, such inflation can be cured by about 18% and a more equitable social fiscal policies aimed at curbing such de­ minimum has been established. Despite mands. this anomalies still exist. While price rises - This form of inflation involves a mon­ from March 1974 to March 1975 amount­ ey surplus and a corresponding shortage ed to 13% and retail turnover increased of goods and services. about by only 9% company profits rose by 36.4% However, in the 1970’s Western econ­ and share returns increased from 11.8% omies are facing a form of inflation involv­ to 13.7% - does this mean an expanded ing wage and price increases independent rake-off at the top % of demand. This is boggling the Western In the current financial year presum­ economic imagination. the economy ably things will be different. The ideal, Clearly the essence of'curing inflation so far as the Government is concerned, is first identification and then understand­ Despite all that Muldoon says about could well wreck the best laid schemes would probably be a nil increase in ing. Identification is the expert’s respons­ Labour mismanagement and his own sup­ and force even stronger measures to con­ incomes and prices coupled with consider­ ibility. That is what we pay them for. But eradequacy, his is in fact as far from the trol the situation. able savings in both public and private understanding is everyone’s responsibility. solution as he was two and a half years The present round of inflation, as I sectors (through decreased costs, imports, We all know vaguely what inflation is, ago - but she’ll be kauri gum mate ! have already mentioned, is traceable only and higher general efficiency). and that it exists. What we do not know Meanwhile governments are struggling to the processes that determine wages and But what of the future ? is exactly how to account for it. This is on with the same old palliatives. The USA prices. The implication being that wage Regardless of Government policy we because they cannot agree on a universally exemplifies these. Its solution is to im­ rises cause price rises which cause further are still a consumer society motivated accepted view of the nature of money - pose direct monetary and fiscal controls- wage rises which cause further pri:e rises by profit and the accumulation of wealth. especially as it affects economic disturbanc­ 12% tax rebate, lowering of interest rates ...... and so on. The present lull in economic growth is es plus non-monentary (real) variables. on Federal lending - pumping money into Can it be that simple though ? temporary and can hardly be sustained .Western economists have tended to a very depressed private sector with little Obviously not. Were it so, one would need without a radical reordering of the econo­ seek out the theoretical foundations of hope of any immediate return. only to trace back through the chain of mic structure. money and monetary control with the While low interest rates mean more causation, find the first cause, and adjust The slow-down in the private sector explanation of accepted principles of credit, no one wants to borrow (the eff­ accordingly. is no doubt compensated for by increas­ monetary control being largely ignored by ect of merchant banking perhaps ?) and The problem must go deeper and root ed State activity, but this is limited bv both economists and governments. a return to the share market because in­ itself in accounting systems, which is the attitudes of our foreign creditors The basic problem is the failure of vestment in lending institutions has be­ unlikely, or the fault may lie in the econo­ (I.M.F., O.E.C.D. and G.A.T.T.) which accounting systems to accommodate and come uneconomic. One special problem mic structure - the result of too many impose fairly stringent demands on their explain effectively the problems associat­ with the US economy is that while con­ competing claims reacting against each debtors. With American, British and West ed with inflation. Although a lot of re­ sumer demand is falling potential product­ other. It is worth noting that socialist German domestic demands at low levels search has been done, there is still a large ivity continues to grow which causes high countries suffer demand inflation but these countries naturally wish to increase gap between economic researchers and levels of unemployment. know nothing of wage-price inflation - their export potential; thus borrowers, those involved on the practical level. New Zealand’s solution is based on a except in cases of over-payment of wages, like N.Z., are precluded from imposing Investigation by committee has been policy of full employment which has res­ a different phenomenon altogether. import controls except in the most in­ commonplace but this tends to reveal tricted the range of alternatives open to If, wage-price inflation is rooted in direct form, with even these being frowned only the shortcomings of such investiga­ it. Monetary and fiscal policies tradition­ the economic structure and caused by upon. tive procedures - which leaves the practis­ ally allow for price stability and unemploy­ competing claims reacting against each We may find that Government policies ing economist and accountant to his own ment, or full employment and price in­ other, then surely there is something are incompatible with the long-term aims limited resources in identifying and ex­ stability, alternatives the Government re­ amiss with either it’s ordering, with the of our economy (profit and accummula- plaining inflation. fuses to choose between. In the Budget competing equities, or both. tion motives and consumption) especially In a paper presented to the Hawkes the Minister of Finance, Mr. Tizard, Let us imagine a well-ordered economy if the world economy does not improve. Bay Branch of the NZ Society of Account­ made it quite clear that the Government’s in which everyone works for wages and Full employment is all very well so long ants in May 1974, Mr. A.B. Ryan (Lect­ social policy would not be compromised total production equals total needs. If as firms remain buoyant or can be fruit­ urer at Victoria) said : and so income stabilization, which main­ everyone earns enough to cover his needs fully subsidised. But recession demands “ As individuals we make allowances tains internal economic activity, has been then no none profits and no-one loses. self-reliance beyond the capacity of most for inflation..... as accountants we ig­ pursued. The economy is too stable for inflation. N.Z. companies. nore inflation completely, thus divorcing This policy imposes few restraints on If, by technical innovation, production Do we mortgage them off to foreign ourselves from reality. Most accountants the private sector for it anticipates self is increased at no greater cost - then soc­ investors (which appears to be the pres­ would agree that inflation causes distor­ restraint in that sector. While there are iety must either consume more or earn ent solution) by easing the conditions a profit. But if production drops and costs tion .... that some recognition needs to few obstacles to regulating wage and sal­ relating to overseas borrowing, or do we be given to this distortion, yet few will ary incomes, the incomes of others will remain stable, then demand will exceed allow them to be subsumed by the ever- have done anything about it.” The upshot vary according to how they view the supply - which is an inflationary situation. expanding local monopolies? of all this is a general bewilderment over equity of Government policies. Too many If, however, one sector demands (and what to do about inflation. competing claims to increased income is given) a greater share for itself, with­ Multi-nationals and monopolies are *Continued over Page 13

2caHOHtf-co/+r gradually crawling across this country amassing more and more wealth as fast as the recession allows them. The whole liquor and beverage industry, at all levels, is gradually being swept into the bins of Ballins and other Breweries. Private cinema operators facing extreme economic diffi­ culties are forced to peddle the most pernicious crap in order to profit and retail.grocers have become almost total monopolies with little social advantage colbourn (for even Gubay is no longer cheap). Unfortunately Government does nothing. No wonder the private sector has few qualms or complaints about Labour’s new Society. column RATIONAL ALTERNATIVES The Task Force - An Illusion in fact the Task Force has not stopped MENACING WITH INTENT It appears to the writer that there are violent crime. Official Police Figures several rational and acceptable alternatives RAPE show that for 1974 violent crime increased The answer is of course that the Task to present Government policy. despite the Task Force. Force have pulled a fantastic Freudian The full employment plank, for instance Long ago, when I was a teacher, I shared is ill conceived when a policy of rationalis­ Of course it depends what you mean con trick. They have made no real ed unemployment which would pay those a staffroom with, among others, a by violence. The Task Force was initially attempt to deal with street violence. who don’t want to work not to work, would particularly crabbed and ugly old biddy set up to deal with muggings, and violence Over 90% of their arrests have been attract many takers, and allow the Govern­ who taught French. One day she was associated with robbery and weapons. concerned with petty minor offences ment more leeway with monetary and fis­ declaiming to all present in hysterical And it works too, this harassing of Poly­ such as drunkeness or obscene language. cal controls. More use could be made of tones how that Sunday, waiting for a nesians. The fact that so many groups What they have been concerned with is private savings as a means of investment tram on Bradford station, she had been are praising the Force for its law and ridding our night streets of brown faces. finance thus lowering the need for foreign the only white person among crowds order proves that. It works, not because A few weeks ago I followed the Task capital. And if the Government could of Pakistanis. Force. The pubs shut and out-come the summon the courage a more socially or­ the streets are any safer. It works be­ “ I could have been raped” she expos­ Polynesians. Gregarious people - the iented means of stabilising insolvent cause they appear to be safer. tulated. And of course, I guffawed - I companies might help toward greater eff­ Auckland is full of old white pub their Marae - they congregate on iciency with employee ownership stimul­ mean look at her. Not for long, how­ biddies like the teacher I opened with. the steps, laugh and talk. 4 cop cars ating co-operation (something sadly lack­ ever, for it was soon apparent to me It is full of people like me with our arrive the police swagger up and down ing in the Fletcher, Bernard, Smith sop). that other female members of staff, far subconcious unreasonable fear of the and stare meaningfully. Laughter Savings could be effectively achieved from thinking her absurd, indeed shared aliens. stops, the crowd disperses and slinks through trimming back conspicuous con­ her fears, fears none of them would away. The cops get into their cars and So clear the aliens off the streets sumption, in packaging for example, and have had in a crowd of white passengers. prowl the streets. Wherever two or by establishing community re-cycling off the streets at night. Get those colour­ But Pakistanis are different. more Polynesians are gathered together schemes. ed threats out of our sight. Keep the walking home there is a cop car Think of the glass lost in non- lower orders out of our minds. When the TH£ T H R E A T two paces behind moving at the same returnable bottles and the paper wasted appearance of violence is gone our little speed its windows crammed with faces in printers’ rubbish bins. racist qualms and fears are appeased. Racism of course, And I’m not racist. eying the Polynesians. One hour later A socialised banking system would Its a great way to get good publicity for About a year ago I was walking down solitary Polynesians walking home are probably facilitate streamlining by allow­ the Force. Don’t bother about violent stopped and questioned. ing greater control over firms to the Richmond Rd. late at night. Coming crime. Let it soar! Concentrate on communities advantage. At present Gov­ towards me, on my side of the road were soothing the racist subconscious. Purge ernment is powerless in its attempts to a group of Polynesians, arm in arm, In all truth I have seen this happen wield more influence in the private sec­ shouting, laughing, fooling and probably the Polynesians. on a number of occasions and it is tor because the capitalists play the capital a bit pissed. •And this is why the controversy obvious what is happening. The Task game according to their own rules, gov­ Well I crossed over to the other side over the Task Force so annoys me. It Force exists to clear the streets. To ernment advice notwithstanding. Labour’s rather than walk by them. I had abso­ has become confused. The media have frighten the Polynesian population, income policy is ineffective as it is lutely no reason to be afraid. Yet I felt persuaded the public to assume that home, and quick. Crowds are to be dis­ “ compulsory” for only the least advantag­ threatened. I know I wouldn’t have felt Task Force and Law and Order are persed. Groups harried; hassled and ed who are they easiest to control. It per­ so had they been white. But they synonymous, and to oppose the Task shepherded? long stragglers rounded petuates the raison d’etre of wage-price Force is to oppose law and order. And up and questioned. The Polynesian.* inflation - and depends on public co­ weren’t. And I may be ashamed of my it is not so. is to be terrorized off the streets and operation which is possible only so long reaction but know also, from talking to The argument is not about law and as a significant proportion of the public others that my reaction is a common one into his place. continues “ not to see’ that it is co-oper­ amongst pakehas in Auckland. order, it is about methods of getting ating in schemes to make fewer people Fear of the alien group - deep in most law and order. PISS O F F rich. of us - is a product of our culture. And And the methods of the Task Force when the alien group is as noisy, as are abhorrent. And they know it. A Tongan told me the following story. BEYOND LABOUR’S NEW SOCIETY spontaneous and uninhibited as the LookJ The last time I followed the Paddy He was walking home from a party to Polynesian group, something in our Waggon, the Task Force spent 1% hours Newmarket at 11.30 pm on a Saturday. Back in 1972 New Zealand voted for frigid, self-restrained pakeha soul is trying to shake me off. They drove round Having got to Ponsonby Road, very change. Now, two and a half years later, threatened. It is fear based on no and round side streets. They did U Turns naturaily he wanted a piss. Like most the New Zealand Herald with handrubb­ on the main road. They drove round ing glee is busily announcing Labour’s reason. Fear born of prejudice. And males he found a dark corner with no- petrol pumps, went through red lights and demise and the whole nation yawns. we’ve all got it. Especially at night.. one around (they’re a prudish people) even backed in to someone’s garden. Three years ago it was the lesser of two and unzipped. In the dark, four hands evils now it doesn’t even matter. TAIT FOR PRESIDENT If their methods are as clean as Gideon grab him. Naturally he starts in fright What matters then. .says they are, why did they go to such and shrugs. He is knocked to the Money matters. The past few months have seen a trouble to stop me seeing them? ground and dragged away. Jailed for Or does it ? strange phenomenon. The children of And a good thing too, we all said. 100% pissing in public and assaulting a Labour balances the books as well as a primary school, various womens’ and support Yet the fact is that the Task policeman. anyone but commands less tolerance for service organisations, and the readers of Force has failed. Failed so badly that So what’s the Crime? ls he it. Remember the sympathy the public only about 5% of arrests in ’74 were supposed to piss his pants? The poor gave Sir Keith and ask yourself were his a South Auckland suburban newspaper, bastards crime is being on the streets, policies that much different. Perhaps have all praised the Task Force. And concerned with violence. praised it for safeguarding law and order Clearly then our streets are by no alone, at 11.30 pm. they weren’t but the times were. But now ■ they’ve changed. by stopping violent crime and making means any ‘safer to walk on’ Yet many And its all for law and order? for Time : our streets safe to walk on. of our good citizens seem to think they fighting violent crime? for making Early 1973 - smug young Labourites ! say ‘strange phenomenon’ because are. I wonder why. our streets safe to walk. discuss the possible emergence of an alternative second force replacement for the “ now dead, tomorrow forgotten” National Party. David Colbourn 5 0 ft H tL U U ^ S ON EDUCATION In Education Minister Phil Amos anything alike” he says. Amos wants For those of school age who ly less well than their non-Maori the devils gained a new advocate, to provide the opportunity to en­ aren’t provided with equality of counterparts. or so our student politicians would able each person to reach his or opportunity under the convention­ “ Until recently, most of our have us believe. But Amos the ogre her individual potential. al education system, Labour has minority groups were inarticulate is very different from Amos the “ We’re still trying to produce initiated some alternative pilot pro­ and as a society New Zealand didn’t idealist who sees himself as laying this,” he explains “ and so we’ve jects. have to recognise their plight. We the groundwork for a more equit­ concentrated on two particular The Four Avenues School in can’t claim this any more and the able society. areas - preschool education and Christchurch, the New Opportunity condition of these groups must be continuing education” . School at Seddon High (see article obviated !” “ Education” , he says “ is one of Amos is concerned that until re­ elsewhere in this issue), a commun­ In his work to provide equal the principal vehicles to ensure that cently some minority groups have­ ity college in Hawkes Bay and a opportunities, Amos has emphasis­ social change does take place” . He n’t had real equality of opportunity; community action project in the ed the training of fluent Maori illustrates the premise by selecting in particular womens groups, Poly­ Wairarapa. speakers at Teachers Colleges, and goals where education has been nesians, and those who grew up “ All of these,” says Amos “ pro­ he intends to set up the first Poly­ used as a vehicle for their implemen­ from World War I or in the depress­ vide a chance for those who don’t nesian Education Centre in Auck­ tation, for example race relations. ion. fit into the educational structures land in time for the third term this Most people can’t see any differ­ “ Those who missed out in earl­ still to be able to reach their poten­ year. ence between the notion of equal­ ier days are entitled to have a sec­ tial, and to be given the opportun­ Amos expects criticism, but sees ity and that of equality of opport­ ond chance, entitled to renew their ity to do so.” But he’s silent on it as reactionary, the expected re­ unity. ls the aim to produce a soc­ skills or acquire new ones,” he says. how the Education Department will sult when a system is being turned iety which displays real equality Amos is proud that Labour’s con­ assess the success of the projects. over, with every sacred precept for every person or is the aim to tinuing education policy has encour­ The normal methods of graduation suddenly in question. It’s important provide equal opportunity ? Amos aged more than five hundred adults or failure through written exams to him to shape the system to the insists the two are quite different, back to secondary schools. This aren’t applicable. needs of the people. and that Labour has opted for the week in Parliament he plans to in­ He agrees “ There’s no question “ Education” , he maintains “ is latter. troduce legislation enabling free that in terms of conventional mea­ the principle vehicle whereby social­ “ We’re not equal and none of us education to be extended to those surements of success, the Maori ism, reform and progress can be if we reach our potential, will be over 19 years old at school. people of our society do significant­ made.”

RI ALTERNATIVE

______Does our education system aim at demanded apologies but after heat­ attend regularly at all. He also be­ Pakeha children into similar learn­ promoting equality or equal opport­ ed public exchanges acknowledged lieves that if a pupil continues to ing environments that aim to stim­ unity ? The difference of approach that there was a problem and that attend past the (leaving) age of fif­ ulate group concern. is more than philosophical. It means they couldn’t entirely cope. teen, the School must be offering Sadly, the future for this type either treating young Maoris and The Principals and the Maori something valuable. And the School of alternative school looks uncer­ Polynesians like Pakeha children in Council came together to work out does have exams along more conven­ tain. It’s unlikeb' that convention­ all respects or recognising that their a solution. The result was the New tional lines but these are more like al schools, who have always separat­ different cultural backgrounds may Opportunity School, a pilot project quizes aimed at the pupil’s personal ed education from what is tradition­ require an alternative approach to based at Seddon High School. The . reinforcement. ally regarded as work, will want to their education. school, in operation since 1974, What continually surprises Tahana play a supportative role. Te matauranga o te Pakeha aims at producing an alternative is his pupil’s deep thirst for things One of the greatest threats to the He mea whakato hei tinanatanga kind of education geared to the Maori. “ Basically,” he says “ they Opportunity Schools may be the Mo wai ra ? Mo Hanta ? needs of minority groups in New don’t know who the hell they are!” tendency of host: schools to down­ Kia tupato i nga whakawai Zealand. Helping to discover their identity is grade the attached Schools to class­ Kia kaha ra, kia kaha ra ! Initially the Maori Council want­ one thing the School is doing for es for slow learners, committing the ed a separate school but as this would them. He’s been dismayed at the overlay of closeknit Polynesian For a few “ alternative” education require an Act of Parliament it was very poor and very low self-image values. in Auckland began four years ago decided to set it up as part of an his students have had of themselves. Fortunately our politicians are when some children were expelled established school but with a sep­ He’s aimed to boost them up and realising that innovative answers from Auckland Secondary Schools. arate identity. stop them “ always rubbishing like the New Opportunity School Many of these were Maori or Poly­ The Opportunity School has its themselves.” are needed. Minister of Maori Affairs nesian and many leading Maoris, own Administration Board with The Pakeha education system he Matiu Rata, to name one, has seen concerned with the disproportion­ monthly meetings assessing problems maintains is completely irrelevant it as having immense potentiality. ately high numbers involved, decid­ and progress. to his pupils but just teaching spec­ ed to investigate. The School has institutionalised ifically Maori subjects isn’t enough “ A School without walls” , he The schools, they found, were Polynesian values. This is particu­ either. There are wider things he says “ provides a real answer by very much their own kingdoms and larly shown in deliberate encourage­ says like teaching ideas on Govern­ bringing children into work situat­ their visits achieved virtually noth­ ment of a group concern so that it ment or why people pay taxes. A ions. Students who are interested ing. becomes like an extended family to couple of students may take this up in the fishing industry could work Further expulsions continued cul­ its members. If someone gets into spending time filling out tax forms on fishing boats and those who minating in what was termed the trouble he or she can rely on group and finding out about the whole have an interest in zoology could “ Kelston Affair” when about thirty support. Inducing such human system of taxation in the process. spend time :New Zealand Labour Party, one of its and present reality is tribute to eighty and nothing to do with feminism. sent cause of women’s lack of influence aims being - “ To express our pride in years of dormancy of which even the most However, there are encouraging signs and of the lack of attention and serious­ being part of a direct link with that group diehard conservative could be proud. among women in the NZLP, in that the ness accorded to women’s issues. The of women who after winning the vote in What in fact did the early women act­ Labour Women’s Council is revamping policy-making process is entirely in the 1893, carried on political activity on a ivists achieve ? Under the Liberals they itself in a new mood of determination minds of males. Hence economic and wide range, helping to form the policies were instrumental in achieving reform of (threatened to disband if not given a social planning, the ordering of priorities, of Labour and the establishment of our the divorce laws which said “ a man may iufficient grant - got it); criticism, censur remunations on the future nature of soc­ welfare society” , (p 5) divorce his wife for adultery alone, while 2d Way Bill as “ a realisation of the dem- iety all emanate from male brains, con­ As such, the book has an importance a woman must prove cruelty as well be­ Dcratic process and a set back for women” , ditioned by male values, male perceptions and significance far beyond the intentions fore she is granted a divorce” , and adding and concern with specifically women’s male aspirations and male expectations of its authoresses and becomes a critical to the grounds for divorce “ desertion, Issues. (and conversely, male perceptions of the document on our socio-political order lunacy, habitual drunkeness or criminalty” Labour Women’s Council seminars female). and of the very party for which the 1974-5 resulted in concrete, policy pro­ (P 14) The policies of the first Labour Govern­ women were (and are) working so hard. They agitated for, and won, free mat­ posals seen as a comprehensive programme ment benefitted all New Zealanders, and It is reprimand for those who think in themselves, not merely as amendment ernity homes, widows’ and Veterans’ the plight of women was relieved by wid- that feminism is something new or that pensions. One of their proudest achieve­ and appendages to existing legislation. ow/maternity/child benefits etc. But it women have no talent for or understand­ Party women today have much to thank ments was a minimum wage for both was this welfare policy in conjunction ing of issues outside the domestic sphere the early Labour women for. They did male and female apprentices, which was with Labour’s housing policy (fostered, and are inherently morally conservativee. the spade work - reform of the appalling later incorporated into the Factories Act, with worst features emphasized by Nat­ Hopefully it will be a catalyst for those being “ the first minimum wage laid down physical conditions women workers were ional’s ‘home-owning democracy’ philo­ women irresolutely considering joining by law in the British Empire.” (p .16) subjected to and gained recognition in sophy) which generated the New Zealand NZLP or W EL or some other active fem­ With a trace of irony, Emily Gibson adds the Party as hard workers, but unfortun­ ethic of the suburban/nuclear family - inist group by showing just how little “ It was mainly women’s work, but the ately didn’t achieve an influence comm­ dad in a secure job, children in school, women have achieved. Labour men backed up splendidly” . ensurate with their record - Labour wo­ mum in the kitchen - a feminist’s One is struck by the courage and ten­ These were substantial achievements. men haven’t iust been making tea, but they ‘nightmare’ acity of these pioneer feminists in espous­ The long decline in the efficacy of women’s might just as well have been*. A glaring example in this period of ing causes that were radical and unpopular political activity began with the implemen­ They laid the foundations for potential the complete lack of comprehension of in their day. Their social and moral atti­ tation of the social-welfare programme of influence - women’s branches, women’s and compassion for the female situation tude were often way ahead of their time. the 1935-49 Labour Government. representative (although these are still not was that, although scores of women were Manv of their-proposals are only now be­ A study of Auckland Women’s Branch elected by women only), Women’s Advis­ dying from backstreet abortions, ing implemented, many still haven’t been. remits from the mid forties onwards - ory Council (now the LWC). However, (176 from 1931-35 resulting in 388 Some of these issues were : reads like a check-list of ‘things to be women still make up only a tiny fraction motherless children, although death done’. - of candidates and are invariably chosen from septic abortion was the cause of a Peace and internationalism, anti-conscrip­ Y in blue-ribbon National areas e.g. this year of all maternal deaths and despite the tion C 1914-18); women candidates in Karori, Piako, North But what is more appalling than the fact that 6066 illegal abortions a year was Shore. Repeal of Capital punishment (1943); fact that women are now attacking ess­ considered to be a ‘conservative estimate’) ‘Women in the Labour Cause’ can be entially similar conditions, is that they the Committee of Inquiry into abortion an inspiration to continue the tradition of Amendment of Social Security Act to are attacking essentially the same attitude (1937) seriously recommended an appeal social concern of Labour women, yet, include - giving rise to those conditions. to “ the responsibilities and privileges of paradoxically, today’s party women must 1. Death Benefit This phenomenon is clearly shown in motherhood and the advisibility of self break with that tradition if they are to 2. Funeral and burial benefits two recent pieces of ‘socially advanced’ descipline” (i.e. abstinence) as an appro­ assert themselves as equals and achieve 3. Dental benefits legislation (from back ends of the politi­ priate and viable solution to the problem. meaningful and substantial influence with­ 4. Optical benefits (1944) ; cal spectrum). National’s Accident Com­ Thus ‘Women in the Labour v^ause' in the party structure their predecessors pensation Scheme and Labour’s Super­ demonstrates that, while the establish­ toiled so hard to build. Chiropractors and osteopaths be recog­ annuation Scheme. ment and consolidation (or I should say, nized under the Social Security Scheme Both have been (or are being) amended present rehabilitation) of the welfare Racwyn Stone (1945); by the opposite party to include provision state has brought substantial improve­ for women in the home. Equality of male ments in conditions for women, at work A universal wage for wifes (1945) ; and female roles was not part of the basic and in the home, these have merely been ‘philosophy’ behind these two measures. the consequence of a total progress, wo­ The second striking feature is just how It was an ‘after thought’, a ‘pricking of men often receiving the benefit at ‘one- little progress has been made on issues conscience’ and a ‘vote catcher’ ! remove’ e.g. husband’s increased pay specifically related to women. How, despite years of effort by party cheque and not in their own right. In 1924, Emily Gibson, branch secre­ women, is this so ? Women have not been liberated be­ tary, “ reported with indignation that the The basic weakness probably lies in cause the change in attitudes which is a Education Board had decided that no the original nature and aims of the early woman could hold a position of headmis­ women’s groups who, although particu­ tress in a large school” (p 12). larly interested in women’s welfare, in­ How many women principals of coed volved themselves in a broad range of schools do we have now ? issues, as Emily Gibson said “ from Home In 1937 Labour women wer.e complain­ Rule and Women’s Suffrage to a munici­ ing about the lack of “ women magistrates, pal fish market” (p 19). jurors and police and .... judges in the This universality of interest was both Supreme Court” (p 25-26). To date the a strength and a weakness - a strength number of women judges and magistrates because it involved women in the politi­ - nil ! cal, economic and social life of the nat­ A remit to the 1945 N ZLP Conference ion and the world in its entirety, and a asked that “ a women’s advisory committ­ weakness because it was perhaps detri­ ee be set up in the main centres to advise mental to the growth of feminism. the Housing Department in the planning For the liberation of women with­ IF YOU’VE GOT ANYTHING THAT YOU WANT TO BUY, SELL OR and construction of homes” , (p.33). out socialism is not possible but may­ EXCHANGE, IN FACT, IF YOU’VE GOT ANY SORT OF MESSAGE be ‘socialism’ (as presently defined by Come 1975 and Margaret Mead is de- YOU WOULD LIKE TO TELL SOMEONE THEN CRACCUM CLASSI­ the NZLP) is possible without liberating fining the present situation of women as FIED IS THE PLACE TO PUT IT. women. one in which “ one-sided, purely male ■MAXIMUM NUMBER OF WORDS/AD. IS 40; COST PER AD. - What the early feminists failed to see planning has taken the place of the tradi­ 50 CENTS. BRING 50 CENTS PLUS AD. UP TO CRACCUM BY was that,.whilst they must work with men tional division of labour” . It is with a for socialism, they must also fight for MONDAY OF EACH WEEK. touch of black comedy that we read that specific, feminist demands, most import­ ROOM AVAILABLE Female pre­ in 1927 Labour women were up in arms antly work at changing attitudes. And because the women’s report was not dis­ ferred. Devonport - 5 min from that the most effective way of doing this cussed at Conference; in 1974 Party Wo­ ferry. $6 p.w. + approx $4.50 was by : men staged a picket over precisely the food. Ph 451-021 same grievance for which they were re­ 1. establishing separate organs within the party For Sale: One Electric Train compensed by the insulting tokenism of 2. achieving access to the loci of decision Set with engine,carriages, the 1975 conference. making rail interchanges.Perfect The Labour Women’s Council asked Instead, the A K Women’s Branch re­ for child use,or spares to be accredited with 6 voting delegates commended in 1936 that as “ Women had as a constitutional right. Instead, as a for serious enthousiast. equal rights with men in the Labour Party concession to IW Y 6 women were allow­ Phone:868 335- g 5 in all Labour Party activities, it was the ed to vote but ‘just this once dear’. opinion of the Women’s Branch that a 'Ik ô UTM\I l ^ V A m j I k SwffiW S MRS S™?* COUNCW ) th at MAKES , ^ 4 N fc N M X \ W LIFE BITTER!

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YOUTHFUL MARIHUANA VICTIMS

WHAT ACTUALLY HAPPENS! TUESDAY 29 JULY B.28 WEDNESDAY 30 JULY B.15 ALL AT 8.00PM. THURSDAY 31 JULY B.28

DOUBLE FEATURE ADMISSION THE PURCHASE OF ONE (RATHER KINKY)MATCHBOOK(1.00 DOLLAR) JUST IN CASE YAH WANNA LIGHT UP.

FOLK CLUB

MINI CONCERT OF PLUNKETY PLUNK MUSIC !

Room 202 (Top Floor of Student Union Building) ‘Cq-Co,’ ‘Alexander Graham Bell’ , ‘Poppa Joe’, ‘Little Willy’, ‘Wig Warn Bam’, Blockbuster', ‘Ballroom Blitz’. Teenage Rampage', ‘Fox on the run’. THURSDAY 8 -11 p.m. AUCKLAND TOWN HALL 9TH AUGUST 8.30PM Secure a good seat now at the corner at The Corner,P.O. Box 2168 Bring guitars banjos kazoos...... anything $5.80 HAMILTON FOUNDERS 10TH AUGUST, 8.30PM &$4.80 COME ALONG AND PERFORM OR LISTEN ! Book at Begg‘sWisemans,P.O. Box 45,Hamilton. $5.70 & $4.70 Don't miss The Sweet, England's rockiest hitmakers L in your own town real soon