Abdomen MCQ’s 4. The caudate process of the connecting the caudate lobe and the right Block 2 lobe, extends to the right between the following structures: 1.* Near the apex (the left extremity) of the wedge-shaped liver, the anterior and A. posterior layers of the left part of the coronary meet to form the B. Inferior vena cava following peritoneal formation: C. Gallbladder A. The lesser omentum D. Round ligament B. The round ligament E. Porta hepatis C. The left triangular ligament 5.* The main portal fissure is demarcated on D. The bare area of the liver the visceral surface of the liver by the following feature: E. The A. Bare area 2. The portal triad includes the following structures: B. Right sagittal fissure

A. The ligamentum venosum C. Porta hepatis

B. The hepatic (proper) D.

C. The lesser omentum E. Left sagittal fissure

D. The bile duct 6.* According to the surgical classification of the segments of the liver, the caudate lobe E. The hepatic portal counts as segment number:

3. The impressions on (areas of) the visceral A. V surface of the liver include: B. IV A. Splenic area C. VIII B. Renal and suprarenal areas D. I C. Colic area E. II D. Gastric area

E. Duodenal area

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7. The interlobular portal triads of the liver 10. The lymphatic vessels from the bile duct include: pass to the following lymph nodes:

A. Initial branches of the biliary ducts A. Cystic

B. Initial branches of the hepatic portal vein B. Inferior mesenteric

C. Terminal branches of the hepatic artery C. Superior mesenteric (proper) D. Hepatic D. Terminal branches of the hepatic portal vein E. of the

E. Terminal branches of the biliary ducts 11. The gallbladder has the following parts:

8. The course of the bile duct includes: A. Duct

A. Descends posterior to the hilum of the B. Body right kidney C. Head B. Lies in a groove on the posterior surface of the head of the pancreas D. Fundus

C. Descends posterior to the superior part of E. Neck the duodenum 12.* The spiral fold is a feature of the D. Unites with the minor duodenal papilla, mucosa of the following structure: forming the hepatopancreatic ampulla A. Major duodenal papilla E. Unites with the major duodenal papilla, forming the hepatopancreatic ampulla B. Neck of pancreas

9. The arterial supply of the bile duct is C. Hepatopancreatic ampulla from the following : D. Neck of gallbladder A. Superior mesenteric E. B. Colic

C. Cystic

D. Posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal

E. Right hepatic

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13. The cystohepatic triangle (of Calot) is 16. The fat which surrounds the kidneys and bordered by the following structures: their vessels, as it extends into their renal sinuses, is named: A. A. Perinephric fat B. Visceral surface of the liver B. Perirenal fat capsule C. Right hepatic artery C. Paranephric fat D. D. Pararenal fat body E. Cystic duct E. Renal fascia 14. The hepatic portal vein is formed at the level of the following structures: 17.* The kidneys lie on each side of the vertebral column at the level of the A. Close to the transpyloric plane following vertebrae:

B. Anterior to the inferior vena cava A. T10-T12

C. Posterior to the neck of the gallbladder B. T10-L1

D. Posterior to the neck of the pancreas C. T11-L1

E. Close to the level of the L1 vertebra D. L3-L5

15. Portal-systemic anastomoses are formed E. T12-L3 in the following regions: 18. Each ______calyx is indented by a A. Submucosa of the anal canal renal papilla, which is the apex of the renal ______. B. Peri-umbilical region A. Pyramid C. Submucosa of the stomach B. Sinus D. Anterior aspect of secondarily retroperitoneal viscera C. Minor

E. Submucosa of the esophagus D. Major

E. Pelvis

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19. The surface marking of the ureter is a 22. The left suprarenal gland comes in line joining a point 5 cm lateral to the relation with the following structures: ______and the ______. A. Inferior vena cava A. T10 spinous process B. Left kidney B. L5 spinous process C. Spleen C. Posterior superior iliac spine D. Pancreas D. Iliac tubercle E. Stomach E. L1 spinous process 23. The area between the medial borders of 20. The ureters normally demonstrate the suprarenal glands features the following relative constrictions in the following places: structures:

A. During their passage through the renal A. Superior mesenteric artery sinus B. Left ureter B. During their passage through the wall of the urinary bladder C. Left crus of diaphragm

C. Where the ureters cross the brim of the D. Celiac ganglion pelvic inlet E. Inferior vena cava D. At the junction of the ureters and the renal pelves 24. The blood supply of the kidney includes the following segmental arteries: E. During their passage through the renal hilum A. Superior (apical)

21. The right suprarenal gland comes in B. Postero-inferior relation with the following structures: C. Inferior A. Inferior vena cava D. Posterior B. Pancreas E. Antero-superior C. Right crus of diaphragm

D. Right kidney

E. Spleen

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25.* The superior suprarenal arteries arise 28.* The right suprarenal vein drains into from the following arteries: the following vein:

A. Splenic A. Superior mesenteric vein

B. Renal B. Superior vena cava

C. Superior mesenteric C. Inferior vena cava

D. Abdominal aorta D. Right

E. Inferior phrenic E. Hepatic portal vein

26.* The middle suprarenal arteries arise 29.* The left suprarenal vein drains into the from the following arteries: following vein:

A. Abdominal aorta A. Left renal vein

B. Superior mesenteric B. Inferior vena cava

C. Renal C. Splenic vein

D. Inferior phrenic D. Inferior mesenteric vein

E. Splenic E. Superior vena cava

27.* The inferior suprarenal arteries arise 30.* The fibers of the abdominopelvic from the following arteries: splanchnic nerves arise from the spinal cord segments: A. Splenic A. C1-C5 B. Inferior phrenic B. T3-T10 C. Renal C. T10-S2 D. Superior mesenteric D. T5-L2 E. Abdominal aorta E. L1-S4

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31. The lower thoracic splanchnic nerves 34. The parasympathetic part of the include: autonomic innervation of the abdominal viscera consists of the following: A. The least splanchnic nerve A. Abdominal autonomic plexuses B. The lesser splanchnic nerve B. Pelvic splanchnic nerves C. The celiac plexus C. Prevertebral ganglia D. The middle splanchnic nerve D. Anterior and posterior vagal trunks E. The greater splanchnic nerve E. Intrinsic (enteric) ganglia 32. The cell bodies of postsynaptic sympathetic neurons constitute the following 35. The parasympathetic part of the major prevertebral ganglia: autonomic innervation of the abdominal viscera consists of the following: A. Inferior mesenteric A. Abdominal autonomic plexuses B. Superior mesenteric B. Prevertebral ganglia C. Aorticorenal C. Intrinsic (enteric) ganglia D. Intrinsic (enteric) ganglia D. Pelvic splanchnic nerves E. Celiac E. Anterior and posterior vagal trunks 33. The parasympathetic part of the autonomic innervation of the abdominal 36. The level of the domes of the diaphragm viscera consists of the following: varies according to the following:

A. Pelvic splanchnic nerves A. Size of abdominal viscera

B. Intrinsic (enteric) ganglia B. Posture

C. Abdominal autonomic plexuses C. Degree of distension of abdominal viscera D. Anterior and posterior vagal trunks D. Race E. Prevertebral ganglia E. The phase of respiration

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37. Based on the peripheral attachments, the 40. The large apertures of the diaphragm parts of the diaphragm are: include:

A. The costal part A. Piriform aperture

B. The lumbar part B. Caval opening

C. The sternal part C. Semilunar hiatus

D. The scapular part D. Esophageal hiatus

E. The clavicular part E. Aortic hiatus

38. The crura of the diaphragm are 41. The elements passing through the caval musculotendinous bands that arise opening of the diaphragm include: (originate) from the following structures: A. Branches of the right phrenic nerve A. Intervertebral discs B. Lymphatic vessels from the liver B. Abdominal aorta C. Thoracic duct C. Inferior vena cava D. Anterior vagal trunk D. Anterior longitudinal ligament E. Inferior vena cava E. Bodies of the superior three lumbar vertebrae 42. The elements passing through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm include: 39. The inferior surface of the diaphragm is supplied by the following blood vessels: A. Esophageal branches of the left gastric vessels A. Inferior phrenic arteries from the abdominal aorta B. Branches of the right phrenic nerve

B. Left inferior phrenic draining into C. Anterior vagal trunk the left renal vein and splenic vein D. Posterior vagal trunk C. Right inferior phrenic vein draining into the hepatic portal vein E. Esophagus

D. Left inferior phrenic veins draining into the inferior vena cava and left suprarenal vein

E. Right inferior phrenic vein draining into the inferior vena cava 7

43. The elements passing through the aortic 46.* The inferior attachment of the iliopsoas hiatus of the diaphragm include: muscle is at the level of:

A. Branches of the right phrenic nerve A. The lower six costal cartilages

B. Thoracic duct B. The transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae C. Anterior vagal trunk C. The lesser trochanter of the femur D. Lymphatic vessels from the liver D. The greater trochanter of the femur E. Descending aorta E. The iliac fossa 44. The sternocostal triangle (foramen) of the diaphragm transmits the following 47. The superior attachments of the iliacus elements: muscle include:

A. Anterior vagal trunk A. Anterior sacro-iliac

B. Superior epigastric vessels B. Superior two thirds of iliac fossa

C. Esophageal branches of the left gastric C. Bodies of T12-L5 vertebrae vessels D. Transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae D. Thoracic duct E. Ala of sacrum E. Lymphatic vessels from the liver 48. The superior attachments of the 45. The superior attachments of the psoas quadratus lumborum muscle include: major muscle include: A. Bodies of T12-L5 vertebrae A. The iliac fossa B. Ala of sacrum B. The lesser trochanter of the femur C. Superior two thirds of iliac fossa C. The bodies of T12-L5 vertebrae D. Tips of lumbar transverse processes D. The intervening intervertebral discs at the level of the T12-L5 vertebrae E. Medial half of inferior border of 12th ribs

E. The transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae

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49. The inferior attachments of the 52. The paired visceral branches of the aorta quadratus lumborum muscle include: include:

A. Iliolumbar ligament A. Renal arteries

B. Internal lip of iliac crest B. Gonadal arteries

C. Ischial tuberosity C. Testicular or ovarian arteries

D. Transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae D. Lumbar

E. Lesser trochanter of femur E. Middle suprarenal arteries

50. The abdominal aorta begins at the level 53. The paired parietal branches of the aorta of the ___ vertebra, and ends at the level of include: the ___ vertebra. A. Lumbar arteries A. L2 B. Testicular or ovarian arteries B. T12 C. Renal arteries C. S2 D. Subcostal arteries D. L4 E. Inferior phrenic arteries E. T10 54. The anterior relations of the abdominal 51. The unpaired visceral branches of the aorta include: aorta include: A. The splenic vein A. Gonadal artery B. The left renal vein B. Renal artery C. The celiac plexus C. Superior mesenteric artery D. The body of pancreas D. Inferior mesenteric artery E. The ascending part of the duodenum E. Celiac trunk

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55. The following elements are located 58. The inferior vena cava begins at the posterior to the abdominal aorta: following levels:

A. Celiac plexus A. The union of the common iliac veins

B. Left renal vein B. Inferior to aortic bifurcation

C. Bodies of T12-L4 vertebrae C. Superior to aortic bifurcation

D. Left D. Anterior to L5 vertebra

E. Left suprarenal vein E. Posterior to the proximal part of the right common iliac artery 56. On the right, the abdominal aorta is related to the following structures: 59. The inferior vena cava begins anterior to the ___ vertebra, and enters the thorax at the A. Thoracic duct ___ vertebral level.

B. Azygos vein A. L5

C. Cisterna chyli B. T8

D. Descending part of duodenum C. T10

E. Right crus of diaphragm D. L2

57. On the left, the abdominal aorta is E. T12 related to the following structures: 60. The inferior end of the thoracic duct lies A. Left crus of diaphragm in relation to the following elements:

B. Left celiac ganglion A. Anterior to the bodies of the L1 and L2 vertebrae C. Left renal vein B. Inferior to the bifurcation of aorta D. Inferior vena cava C. Anterior to the body of L4 and L5 E. Descending part of duodenum vertebrae

D. Between the right crus of diaphragm and aorta

E. Posterior to the neck of pancreas

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61. The thoracic duct often begins as a 64. The gut system is divided into the plexiform convergence of the following following parts: lymphatic trunks: A. The pharyngeal gut A. Descending thoracic lymphatic trunks B. The midgut B. The right thoracic duct C. The laryngeal gut C. Intestinal lymphatic trunks D. The hindgut D. Right and left lumbar lymphatic trunks E. The foregut E. Ascending thoracic lymphatic trunks 65. The foregut gives rise to the following 62. The endoderm generates the following structures: structures of the digestive system: A. Stomach A. The connective tissue B. Duodenum distal to the entrance of the B. The peritoneal components bile duct

C. The muscular components C. Duodenum proximal to the entrance of the bile duct D. The epithelium D. Esophagus E. The parenchyma E. Distal third of transverse colon 63. The mesoderm generates the following structures of the digestive system: 66. The midgut gives rise to the following structures: A. The connective tissue A. Duodenum distal to the entrance of the B. The parenchyma bile duct

C. The peritoneal components B. Cecum and appendix

D. The muscular components C. Jejunum and ileum

E. The epithelium D. Descending colon

E. Ascending colon

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67. The hindgut gives rise to the following 70.* The hematopoietic cells present in the structures: liver, the Kupffer cells and connective tissue cells originate in the following structure: A. Sigmoid colon A. Endoderm B. Pancreas B. Pharyngeal foregut C. The distal third of transverse colon C. Mesoderm D. Rectum and upper anal canal D. Ectoderm E. Descending colon E. Primary intestinal loop 68. The following structures develop as outgrowths of the endodermal epithelium of 71. The pancreas develops from the the upper part of the duodenum: following structures:

A. Biliary apparatus A. Ventral bud

B. Pancreas B. Annular pancreas

C. Stomach C. Vitelline duct

D. Jejunum and ileum D. Dorsal bud

E. Liver E. Endodermal epithelium of upper part of duodenum 69. The primary intestinal loop protrudes into the umbilical cord during week ___ of intrauterine development, and returns into the during week ___.

A. 6

B. 7

C. 9

D. 8

E. 10

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