Invertebrates
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
INFORMATION to USERS the Most Advanced Technology Has Been
INFORMATION TO USERS The most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. University M'ProCms International A Ben & Howe'' Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor Ml 40106-1346 USA 3-3 761-4 700 800 501 0600 Order Numb e r 9022566 S o m e aspects of the functional morphology of the shell of infaunal bivalves (Mollusca) Watters, George Thomas, Ph.D. -
Benthic Invertebrate Community Monitoring and Indicator Development for Barnegat Bay-Little Egg Harbor Estuary
July 15, 2013 Final Report Project SR12-002: Benthic Invertebrate Community Monitoring and Indicator Development for Barnegat Bay-Little Egg Harbor Estuary Gary L. Taghon, Rutgers University, Project Manager [email protected] Judith P. Grassle, Rutgers University, Co-Manager [email protected] Charlotte M. Fuller, Rutgers University, Co-Manager [email protected] Rosemarie F. Petrecca, Rutgers University, Co-Manager and Quality Assurance Officer [email protected] Patricia Ramey, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Frankfurt Germany, Co-Manager [email protected] Thomas Belton, NJDEP Project Manager and NJDEP Research Coordinator [email protected] Marc Ferko, NJDEP Quality Assurance Officer [email protected] Bob Schuster, NJDEP Bureau of Marine Water Monitoring [email protected] Introduction The Barnegat Bay ecosystem is potentially under stress from human impacts, which have increased over the past several decades. Benthic macroinvertebrates are commonly included in studies to monitor the effects of human and natural stresses on marine and estuarine ecosystems. There are several reasons for this. Macroinvertebrates (here defined as animals retained on a 0.5-mm mesh sieve) are abundant in most coastal and estuarine sediments, typically on the order of 103 to 104 per meter squared. Benthic communities are typically composed of many taxa from different phyla, and quantitative measures of community diversity (e.g., Rosenberg et al. 2004) and the relative abundance of animals with different feeding behaviors (e.g., Weisberg et al. 1997, Pelletier et al. 2010), can be used to evaluate ecosystem health. Because most benthic invertebrates are sedentary as adults, they function as integrators, over periods of months to years, of the properties of their environment. -
"Lophophorates" Brachiopoda Echinodermata Asterozoa
Deuterostomes Bryozoa Phoronida "lophophorates" Brachiopoda Echinodermata Asterozoa Stelleroidea Asteroidea Ophiuroidea Echinozoa Holothuroidea Echinoidea Crinozoa Crinoidea Chaetognatha (arrow worms) Hemichordata (acorn worms) Chordata Urochordata (sea squirt) Cephalochordata (amphioxoius) Vertebrata PHYLUM CHAETOGNATHA (70 spp) Arrow worms Fossils from the Cambrium Carnivorous - link between small phytoplankton and larger zooplankton (1-15 cm long) Pharyngeal gill pores No notochord Peculiar origin for mesoderm (not strictly enterocoelous) Uncertain relationship with echinoderms PHYLUM HEMICHORDATA (120 spp) Acorn worms Pharyngeal gill pores No notochord (Stomochord cartilaginous and once thought homologous w/notochord) Tornaria larvae very similar to asteroidea Bipinnaria larvae CLASS ENTEROPNEUSTA (acorn worms) Marine, bottom dwellers CLASS PTEROBRANCHIA Colonial, sessile, filter feeding, tube dwellers Small (1-2 mm), "U" shaped gut, no gill slits PHYLUM CHORDATA Body segmented Axial notochord Dorsal hollow nerve chord Paired gill slits Post anal tail SUBPHYLUM UROCHORDATA Marine, sessile Body covered in a cellulose tunic ("Tunicates") Filter feeder (» 200 L/day) - perforated pharnx adapted for filtering & repiration Pharyngeal basket contractable - squirts water when exposed at low tide Hermaphrodites Tadpole larvae w/chordate characteristics (neoteny) CLASS ASCIDIACEA (sea squirt/tunicate - sessile) No excretory system Open circulatory system (can reverse blood flow) Endostyle - (homologous to thyroid of vertebrates) ciliated groove -
Anthopleura and the Phylogeny of Actinioidea (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria)
Org Divers Evol (2017) 17:545–564 DOI 10.1007/s13127-017-0326-6 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Anthopleura and the phylogeny of Actinioidea (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) M. Daly1 & L. M. Crowley2 & P. Larson1 & E. Rodríguez2 & E. Heestand Saucier1,3 & D. G. Fautin4 Received: 29 November 2016 /Accepted: 2 March 2017 /Published online: 27 April 2017 # Gesellschaft für Biologische Systematik 2017 Abstract Members of the sea anemone genus Anthopleura by the discovery that acrorhagi and verrucae are are familiar constituents of rocky intertidal communities. pleisiomorphic for the subset of Actinioidea studied. Despite its familiarity and the number of studies that use its members to understand ecological or biological phe- Keywords Anthopleura . Actinioidea . Cnidaria . Verrucae . nomena, the diversity and phylogeny of this group are poor- Acrorhagi . Pseudoacrorhagi . Atomized coding ly understood. Many of the taxonomic and phylogenetic problems stem from problems with the documentation and interpretation of acrorhagi and verrucae, the two features Anthopleura Duchassaing de Fonbressin and Michelotti, 1860 that are used to recognize members of Anthopleura.These (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria: Actiniidae) is one of the most anatomical features have a broad distribution within the familiar and well-known genera of sea anemones. Its members superfamily Actinioidea, and their occurrence and exclu- are found in both temperate and tropical rocky intertidal hab- sivity are not clear. We use DNA sequences from the nu- itats and are abundant and species-rich when present (e.g., cleus and mitochondrion and cladistic analysis of verrucae Stephenson 1935; Stephenson and Stephenson 1972; and acrorhagi to test the monophyly of Anthopleura and to England 1992; Pearse and Francis 2000). -
Symbiosis Regulation in a Facultatively Symbiotic Temperate Coral: Zooxanthellae Division and Expulsion
Coral Reefs (2008) 27:601–604 DOI 10.1007/s00338-008-0363-x NOTE Symbiosis regulation in a facultatively symbiotic temperate coral: zooxanthellae division and expulsion J. Dimond Æ E. Carrington Received: 18 October 2007 / Accepted: 10 February 2008 / Published online: 29 February 2008 Springer-Verlag 2008 Abstract Zooxanthellae mitotic index (MI) and expul- Keywords Temperate coral Astrangia Zooxanthellae sion rates were measured in the facultatively symbiotic Expulsion Facultative symbiosis scleractinian Astrangia poculata during winter and summer off the southern New England coast, USA. While MI was significantly higher in summer than in winter, mean Introduction expulsion rates were comparable between seasons. Corals therefore appear to allow increases in symbiont density Many anthozoans and some other invertebrates are well when symbiosis is advantageous during the warm season, known for their endosymbiotic associations with zooxan- followed by a net reduction during the cold season when thellae (Symbiodinium sp. dinoflagellates). Living within zooxanthellae may draw resources from the coral. Given gastrodermal cells, zooxanthellae utilize host wastes and previous reports that photosynthesis in A. poculata sym- translocate photosynthetic products to the animal, in some bionts does not occur below approximately 6 C, cases fulfilling nearly all of the host’s energy demands considerable zooxanthellae division at 3 C and in darkness (Muscatine 1990). Host cells have a flexible, but finite suggests that zooxanthellae are heterotrophic at low sea- capacity for zooxanthellae, and must therefore either grow sonal temperatures. Finally, examination of expulsion as a additional cells to accommodate dividing symbionts or function of zooxanthellae density revealed that corals with regulate their numbers (Muscatine et al. -
Goose Barnacle
Fisheries Pêches and Oceans et Océans DFO Science Pacific Region Stock Status Report C6-06 (1998) Rostral - Carinal Length GOOSE BARNACLE Background The Fishery The goose barnacle (Pollicipes polymerus) ranges from southern Alaska to Baja California on the First Nations people have long used goose upper two-thirds of the intertidal zone on exposed or barnacles as food. Goose barnacles have semi-exposed rocky coasts. been commercially harvested sporadically since the 1970s, and continuously since Goose barnacles are hemaphrodidic (one individual has both sexes). They mature at 14-17 mm rostral- 1985. They are hand harvested with various carinal length or one to 3 years of age. Spawning is design cutting tools, and then stored and from late April to early October, with peak spawning shipped as live product. in July, producing 475,000 - 950,000 embryos/adult /season. Larvae are planktonic for 30-40 days, and Goose barnacles have long been recognized settle in suitable habitat at 0.5mm length. as a delicacy in Spain, Portugal and France. Growth is rapid the first year (11-15 mm rostral- The major market for Canadian west coast carinal length) and slows thereafter to 1-3 mm/yr. goose barnacles is Spain, particularly the Maximum size is 45 mm rostral-carinal length, 153 Barcelona area. The market price in Spain peduncle length. Maximum age is unknown. The varies with season and availability from other muscular stalk (peduncle) is analogous to the sources. muscular tail of shrimp, prawns or lobster. Harvesters use a modified cutting and prying tool to Accessibility to the wave swept areas of the free goose barnacles from their substrates and west coast of Vancouver Island (Statistical collect and sort them by hand. -
Jacksonville, Florida 1998 Odmds Benthic Community Assessment
JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA 1998 ODMDS BENTHIC COMMUNITY ASSESSMENT Submitted to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 4 61 Forsyth St. Atlanta, Georgia 30303 Prepared by Barry A. Vittor & Associates, Inc. 8060 Cottage Hill Rd. Mobile, Alabama 36695 (334) 633-6100 November 1999 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ………………………………………….……………………………3 LIST OF FIGURES ……………………..………………………………………………..4 1.0 INTRODUCTION ………..…………………………………………………………..5 2.0 METHODS ………..…………………………………………………………………..5 2.1 Sample Collection And Handling ………………………………………………5 2.2 Macroinfaunal Sample Analysis ……………………………………………….6 3.0 DATA ANALYSIS METHODS ……..………………………………………………6 3.1 Assemblage Analyses ..…………………………………………………………6 3.2 Faunal Similarities ……………………………………………………….…….8 4.0 HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS ……………………………………………….…8 5.0 BENTHIC COMMUNITY CHARACTERIZATION ……………………………..9 5.1 Faunal Composition, Abundance, And Community Structure …………………9 5.2 Numerical Classification Analysis …………………………………………….10 5.3 Taxa Assemblages …………………………………………………………….11 6.0 1995 vs 1998 COMPARISONS ……………………………………………………..11 7.0 SUMMARY ………………………………………………………………………….13 8.0 LITERATURE CITED ……………………………………………………………..16 2 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Station locations for the Jacksonville, Florida ODMDS, June 1998. Table 2. Sediment data for the Jacksonville, Florida ODMDS, June 1998. Table 3. Summary of abundance of major taxonomic groups for the Jacksonville, Florida ODMDS, June 1998. Table 4. Abundance and distribution of major taxonomic groups at each station for the Jacksonville, Florida ODMDS, June 1998. Table 5. Abundance and distribution of taxa for the Jacksonville, Florida ODMDS, June 1998. Table 6. Percent abundance of dominant taxa (> 5% of the total assemblage) for the Jacksonville, Florida ODMDS, June 1998. Table 7. Summary of assemblage parameters for the Jacksonville, Florida ODMDS stations, June 1998. Table 8. Analysis of variance table for density differences between stations for the Jacksonville, Florida ODMDS stations, June 1998. -
Five Nations Multi-Species Fishery Management Plan, April 1, 2021
PACIFIC REGION FIVE NATIONS MULTI-SPECIES FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN April 1, 2021 – March 31, 2022 SALMON, GROUNDFISH, CRAB, PRAWN, GOOSENECK BARNACLE, AND SEA CUCUMBER Version 1.0 Genus Oncorhynchus Pacific Halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepsis) Gooseneck Barnacle (Pollicipes polymerus) Dungeness crab Sea Cucumber Spot Prawn (Cancer magister) (Apostichopus californicus) (Pandalus platyceros) Fisheries and Oceans Pêches et Océans Canada Canada This Multi-species Fishery Management Plan (FMP) is intended for general purposes only. Where there is a discrepancy between the FMP and the Fisheries Act and Regulations, the Act and Regulations are the final authority. A description of Areas and Subareas referenced in this FMP can be found in the Pacific Fishery Management Area Regulations, 2007. This FMP is not a legally binding instrument which can form the basis of a legal challenge and does not fetter the Minister’s discretionary powers set out in the Fisheries Act. 9-Apr.-21 Version 1.0 Front cover drawing (crab) by Antan Phillips, Retired Biologist, Fisheries and Oceans Canada Front cover drawing (gooseneck barnacle) by Pauline Ridings, Biologist, Fisheries and Oceans Canada Front cover drawing (sea cucumber) by Pauline Ridings, Biologist, Fisheries and Oceans Canada This page intentionally left blank 2021/22 Five Nations Multi-species Fishery Management Plan V. 1.0 Page 2 of 123 9-Apr.-21 Version 1.0 FMP Amendment Tracking Date Version Sections revised and details of revision. 2021-04-09 April 9, 2021 (1.0) Initial 2021/22 Five Nations Multi-species Fishery Management Plan V. 1.0 Page 3 of 123 9-Apr.-21 Version 1.0 CONTENTS Glossary and List of Acronyms .................................................................................................. -
VITAE HARRIET MACGILL PERRY 872-4218 (Work)
VITAE HARRIET MACGILL PERRY 872-4218 (work) PRESENT POSITION: Director, Center for Fisheries Research and Development, Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, Ocean Springs, Mississippi 39564; Assistant Professor, Department of Coastal Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi EDUCATION: B.S., Biology, Florida State University, 1965. M.S., Zoology, University of Southern Mississippi, 1971. PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE January 2000 to Present: Director, Center for Fisheries Research and Development, Institute of Marine Science, Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, The University of Southern Mississippi. July 1998 to Present: Assistant Professor, Department of Coastal Sciences, Institute of Marine Science, The University of Southern Mississippi. October 1979 to Present: Research Biologist, Fisheries Research and Development, Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, Ocean Springs, Mississippi. August 1968 to September 1979: Bio-technician, Fisheries Research and Development, Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, Ocean Springs, Mississippi. MAJOR RESEARCH INTERESTS Fishery development, management of marine fisheries, blue crab aquaculture, population dynamics of estuarine and marine invertebrates, invertebrate taxonomy, invasive species. Gulf Guardian Award, The Alabama/Mississippi Rapid Assessment Program. PROCEEDINGS/BOOK CHAPTERS Co-editor - Proceedings of the Blue Crab Colloquium, Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission, 1982. Editor - Profile of the Blue Crab Fishery of the Gulf of Mexico, Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission, 1984. Co-editor - Proceedings of the National Symposium of the Soft-Shelled Blue Crab Fishery, Southeast Marine Advisory Service Network and Sea Grant Mid-Atlantic Advisory Service Network, 1985. Co-editor - The Blue Crab Fishery of the Gulf of Mexico, United States: A Regional Management Plan. Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission, 1990. Co-editor - A Profile of the Western Gulf Stone Crab, Menippe adina. -
Comprehensive Phylogenomic Analyses Resolve Cnidarian Relationships and the Origins of Key Organismal Traits
Comprehensive phylogenomic analyses resolve cnidarian relationships and the origins of key organismal traits Ehsan Kayal1,2, Bastian Bentlage1,3, M. Sabrina Pankey5, Aki H. Ohdera4, Monica Medina4, David C. Plachetzki5*, Allen G. Collins1,6, Joseph F. Ryan7,8* Authors Institutions: 1. Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution 2. UPMC, CNRS, FR2424, ABiMS, Station Biologique, 29680 Roscoff, France 3. Marine Laboratory, university of Guam, UOG Station, Mangilao, GU 96923, USA 4. Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA 5. Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA 6. National Systematics Laboratory, NOAA Fisheries, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution 7. Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, St Augustine, FL, USA 8. Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA PeerJ Preprints | https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.3172v1 | CC BY 4.0 Open Access | rec: 21 Aug 2017, publ: 21 Aug 20171 Abstract Background: The phylogeny of Cnidaria has been a source of debate for decades, during which nearly all-possible relationships among the major lineages have been proposed. The ecological success of Cnidaria is predicated on several fascinating organismal innovations including symbiosis, colonial body plans and elaborate life histories, however, understanding the origins and subsequent diversification of these traits remains difficult due to persistent uncertainty surrounding the evolutionary relationships within Cnidaria. While recent phylogenomic studies have advanced our knowledge of the cnidarian tree of life, no analysis to date has included genome scale data for each major cnidarian lineage. Results: Here we describe a well-supported hypothesis for cnidarian phylogeny based on phylogenomic analyses of new and existing genome scale data that includes representatives of all cnidarian classes. -
Deep‐Sea Coral Taxa in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico: Depth and Geographical Distribution
Deep‐Sea Coral Taxa in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico: Depth and Geographical Distribution by Peter J. Etnoyer1 and Stephen D. Cairns2 1. NOAA Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Charleston, SC 2. National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC This annex to the U.S. Gulf of Mexico chapter in “The State of Deep‐Sea Coral Ecosystems of the United States” provides a list of deep‐sea coral taxa in the Phylum Cnidaria, Classes Anthozoa and Hydrozoa, known to occur in the waters of the Gulf of Mexico (Figure 1). Deep‐sea corals are defined as azooxanthellate, heterotrophic coral species occurring in waters 50 m deep or more. Details are provided on the vertical and geographic extent of each species (Table 1). This list is adapted from species lists presented in ʺBiodiversity of the Gulf of Mexicoʺ (Felder & Camp 2009), which inventoried species found throughout the entire Gulf of Mexico including areas outside U.S. waters. Taxonomic names are generally those currently accepted in the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), and are arranged by order, and alphabetically within order by suborder (if applicable), family, genus, and species. Data sources (references) listed are those principally used to establish geographic and depth distribution. Only those species found within the U.S. Gulf of Mexico Exclusive Economic Zone are presented here. Information from recent studies that have expanded the known range of species into the U.S. Gulf of Mexico have been included. The total number of species of deep‐sea corals documented for the U.S. -
The Marine and Brackish Water Mollusca of the State of Mississippi
Gulf and Caribbean Research Volume 1 Issue 1 January 1961 The Marine and Brackish Water Mollusca of the State of Mississippi Donald R. Moore Gulf Coast Research Laboratory Follow this and additional works at: https://aquila.usm.edu/gcr Recommended Citation Moore, D. R. 1961. The Marine and Brackish Water Mollusca of the State of Mississippi. Gulf Research Reports 1 (1): 1-58. Retrieved from https://aquila.usm.edu/gcr/vol1/iss1/1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18785/grr.0101.01 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by The Aquila Digital Community. It has been accepted for inclusion in Gulf and Caribbean Research by an authorized editor of The Aquila Digital Community. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Gulf Research Reports Volume 1, Number 1 Ocean Springs, Mississippi April, 1961 A JOURNAL DEVOTED PRIMARILY TO PUBLICATION OF THE DATA OF THE MARINE SCIENCES, CHIEFLY OF THE GULF OF MEXICO AND ADJACENT WATERS. GORDON GUNTER, Editor Published by the GULF COAST RESEARCH LABORATORY Ocean Springs, Mississippi SHAUGHNESSY PRINTING CO.. EILOXI, MISS. 0 U c x 41 f 4 21 3 a THE MARINE AND BRACKISH WATER MOLLUSCA of the STATE OF MISSISSIPPI Donald R. Moore GULF COAST RESEARCH LABORATORY and DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, MISSISSIPPI SOUTHERN COLLEGE I -1- TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ............................................... Page 3 Historical Account ........................................ Page 3 Procedure of Work ....................................... Page 4 Description of the Mississippi Coast ....................... Page 5 The Physical Environment ................................ Page '7 List of Mississippi Marine and Brackish Water Mollusca . Page 11 Discussion of Species ...................................... Page 17 Supplementary Note .....................................