m m THE \STOHy OF Bt FREEMASONRY. fillip BART. COLONEL SIR ARCHIBALD C. CAMPBELL. GRAND MASTER MASON OF SCOTLAND Thoams C.Jack. London.*. Edinburgh THE HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY 3te QjUfiquilie*, ^pmBofo Con^titutione, (Customs, <£fc. Embracing an Investigation of the Records of the Organisations of the Fraternity in England, Scotland, Ireland, British Colonies, France, Germany, and the United States. l^enbeD from Official ^ourceg. By ROBERT FREKE GOULD, Barrister-at-Law, Past Senior Grand Deacon of England ; Author of " The Four Old Lodges;' " The Atholl Lodges? Etc. VOLUME VI. LONDON: THOMAS C. JACK, 45 LUDGATE HILL. 1887. CONTENTS. Page C II APT Ell Europe-Austria and Hungary-Switzerland XXVIII. Freemasonry in Southern . 286 —Italy—Portugal—Spain—Greece—Turkey—Eoumania-Malta, - West Indies - Mexico - Central XXIX. Freemasonry in Asia - Africa 324 America— South America—Australasia—Oceania, 396 XXX. Sea and Field Lodges, 424 America, . XXXI. Freemasonry in the United States of 465 Newfoundland, . XXXII. The Dominion of Canada, and 469 XXXIII. L'Envoi, ..-•• 471 • • Appendix, . • 489 General Index, 306 Chart of Italian Grand Lodges, Lodges, 319 Chart of Portuguese and Spanish Grand LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Master Mason of Scotland, Frontispiece Colonel Sir Archibald C. Campbell, Baronet, Grand Essex, 282 Eight Honourable Lord Brooke, Provincial Grand Master, 314 Thomas Frederick Halsey, Esq., Provincial Grand Master, Hertfordshire, Surrey, 338 General J. S. Brownrigg, C.B., Provincial Grand Master, 370 D. Murray Lyon, Esq., Grand Secretary, Grand Lodge of Scotland, 402 Daniel Spry, Esq., M.W. Grand Master, Grand Lodge of Canada, 434 Plate of Seals, No. I., 460 Plate of Seals, No. II., . NATIONAL GRAND LODGE OF ALL GERMAN FREEMASONS. 251 Berlin. 1 IV. The National Grand Lodge of all German Freemasons at justified. It is a barefaced The above title of this Grand Lodge is not now and never was Germany, usurpation. The Lodge never has been national in the way claimed, as embracing all to Prussia, where and even at its birth was not so in the more restricted sense as applying until the National Grand Mother Lodge of the Three Globes already existed. That it assumed this poses as quite recently to be the only legal Grand Lodge in Germany, that it to day of Sweden, is, how- infallible, the only true exponent of Freemasonry with the sole exception inception the ever, only in perfect keeping with the imperious temper of its founder. From its even Lodge has been dictatorial and oppressive towards its own daughters; scornful and light, yet persistently shrouding impertinent towards its equals ; boastful of its own superior all legality, yet a stickler for legal itself in darkness ; founded by a violation of masonic at its birth, and ever since most forms when they suit its own convenience ; revolutionary and rigidly conservative. Nevertheless this Grand Lodge is the second largest in Germany, honour has produced Masons of the highest culture, whose very names must always remain an their own to the Fraternity. Zinnendorff and his immediate friends and successors knew Clermont degrees, minds at a time when their German brethren were vacillating between carried out their Strict Observance Pates, Eosicrucianism, ct hoc genus omne, and so knowing, attends all well- views astutely, ruthlessly, and persistently—with the success that usually been published; its directed efforts. No official history of this Grand Lodge has ever the gaze of the partisans speak with awe of its ancient documents, and hide them from believers nay, even a complete student. Like holy relics they are only accessible to devout ; of the public and Worshipful book of Constitutions has never been placed within reach ; together the Masters, in order to govern their Lodges, have been constrained to gather for himself a decisions pronounced at various times by the Grand Lodge, each thus forming collection has been species of digest of the common law as settled by decided cases. Such a " other facts I have had to made in Vol. xxvi. of the Latomia," and will be used by me ; my collect from divers sources, but many gaps still remain to be filled up. Zinnendorff, one of The early annals of this Grand Lodge are indissolubly connected with have any record. the most remarkable and perhaps unscrupulous Masons of whom we being Ellenberger was his patronymic, and he was born August 11, 1731, at Halle; but, followed the adopted by his mother's brother, took his uncle's name of Zinnendorff. He Prussian army, medical profession, and rose to be the chief of that department in the he joined a retiring in 1779. His initiation took place at Halle, March 13, 1757. When but he was one of the early Berlin Lodge, or even which Lodge it was, are alike unknown ; Schubart, the members of the Berlin Chapter of Jerusalem. We have already seen how Hund. Deputy GM. of the "Three Globes," was in November 1763 won over by Von " Three Globes," Schubart's first step was to despatch a letter in Von Hund's interest to the On its arrival, which was to be opened in the presence of 24 brethren, who were specified. Zinnendorff persuaded Zinnendorff and three others being with Von Printzen, the G.M., I therefore reject as a barbarism 1 The literal trauslation of the German title is "Grand Lodge of the Country." " either a contempt for, or an ignorance the accepted designation Grand Countries Lodge "—a phrase which proclaims because Laudcs it is English, and it is not German, of, the structure of both the German and English tongues ; not singular. is not the plural of Land, which would be Lander, but its genitive VOL. III. 2 K 252 NATIONAL GRAND LODGE OF ALL GERMAN FREEMASONS. thein to open the letter then and there, and to extenuate their fault as an excess of zeal. Schubart being asked " for more light," insisted upon the letter being shown to the others, and as a result Zinnendorff and Kriiger were selected to visit Von Hund. Probably from selfish motives, the former of these emissaries appeared alone, saying that the latter was ill, but this was afterwards denied by Kriiger, who ultimately arrived on the scene. Zinnendorff signed the act of Strict Observance (or Unquestioning Obedience), August 24, 1764, was knighted by Von Hund October 30, and made Prefect of Templin, i.e., Berlin, on the 6th. In June 1765 Zinnendorff was elected G.M. of the Three Globes, possibly because the Lodge was already tending towards the Strict Observance sytem, of which he was the resident chief in Berlin. Scarcely was he installed before complaints arose of his arbitrary pro- ceedings and haughty independence, not only from his Masonic, but also from his Templar subjects. Almost his first act was to despatch his friend Baumann to Stockholm in order to obtain information there respecting the Swedish rite. The requisite funds were taken from the treasury of the Three Globes, though the Lodge was not consulted either with regard to the mission or the appropriation of its money— and, worst of all, Zinnendorff kept for his own use the information so acquired, at a cost to the Lodge for travelling expenses of 1100 thalers. Baumann obtained from Dr Eckleff not only the rituals of the Swedish High Degrees, but a warrant of constitution; and Findel states that the latter was 220 ducats in 2 pocket by the transaction. 1 It is a somewhat important point to decide whether Eckleff was at this time G.M. of the Grand Lodge of Sweden, or merely, as the Swedish Grand Lodge subsequently affirmed, the Head-Master of the Scots Chapter at Stockholm. We have already seen that the Grand Lodge of Sweden was formed in 1759, and that on December 7, 1762, the King assumed the Protectorate, so that the probability is that he was virtually its in the G.M. But even if Eckleff were at the time G.M., it is obvious that if he acted matter without the knowledge of Grand Lodge, the step was equally ultra vires. Both these grounds were alleged when, in 1777, Sweden repudiated Zinnendorff; but on the other hand, it should be mentioned that as late as 1776, the Swedish authorities were in close and fraternal correspondence with him, and these intimate relations must be held to have condoned any irregularities in the initial stages. In 1766 the Berlin Templars complained strongly of the impossibility of obtaining any financial statements from Zinnendorff, but Kriiger, who was sent by them on a mission to Von Hund, advised the Prov. G.M. to treat him delicately, because he might become dangerous and create scandal—another testimony to the character of the man. In June 1766 Zinnendorff was not re-elected G.M. of the Three Globes, but of course the Three retained his office as Prefect of Templin (which was not elective), and on August 9 Globes formally joined Von Hund's system. The financial dispute between Zinnendorff and deputed to the Three Globes now assumed a threatening aspect, so Schubart and Bode were statement on arrange matters in July 1766. Zinnendorff being called to account, made up a the debt of 1100 the spur of the moment, showing that, even admitting for argument's sake of peace and quietness thalers, there still remained 800 thalers owing to him. In the interests 16, 1766, it was at length decided to let the matter drop on both sides. On November Zinnendorff, as well as for much 1 Findel, Gcsch. tier Freim., 4tli edit., p. 419. For the preceding facts concerning that follows, see Allgemeines Handbuch, s.v. " Anlc, p. 196. NATIONAL GRAND LODGE OF ALL GERMAN FREEMASONS. 253 Strict Observance and on Zinnendorff wrote a formal letter to Von Hund renouncing the ; the " Globes," however, as well as by May 6, 1767, he resigned the Three Globes.