Conference is supported by City of Tartu Cultural Endowment of Estonia Estonian Ministry of Culture Finnish Institute in Estonia Gambling Tax Council University of Tartu Library Estonian Ministry of Education target financing projects: Estonian Ministry of Education and Research Sources of Cultural History and Contexts of Literarure (SF0030065s08) Rhetorical Patterns of Mimesis and Estonian Textual Culture (SF0030054s08) Estonia as an Emerging Information and Consumer Society: Social Sustainability and Quality of Life (SF0180017s07) Actual complexity of cultural communication and methodological challenges of cultural research (SF0180002s07) Estonian Science Fund research grants: ETF7162: "The Problems of Transformation and Reception of Cultural Heritage in the Digital Age" ETF7679: "Participatory Culture in Cyberspace: Literature and its Borders" ETF8006: "Developing museum communication in the 21st century information environment" Papers presented at the conference in Tartu, 14-16 April 2010 Tartu 2010 Editors: Agnes Aljas, Raivo Kelomees, Marin Laak, Pille Pruulmann-Vengerfeldt, Tiina Randviir, Pille Runnel, Maarja Savan, Jaak Tomberg, Piret Viires Design by Tuuli Kaalep Published by Estonian National Museum, Estonian Literary Museum, University of Tartu ISBN 978-9949-417-59-9 Illustration on the cover: rosalie.“Helios“, installation. Karlsruhe ZKM 2008, photo by Raivo Kelomees. © Authors and Estonian National Museum, Estonian Literary Museum, Baltic Audiovisual Archival Council, University of Tartu Tartu 2010 Contents Introduction 9 CHANGING USER: 10 A Short History of Cultural Participation Nico Carpentier 11 Access on multimedia 21 Accessible Digital Culture for Disabled People Marcus Weisen 21 Understanding Visitors’ Experiences with Multimedia Guides in Cultural Spaces Kamal Othman, Helen Petrie & Christopher Power 30 Can You Be Friends with an Art Museum? Rethinking the Art Museum through Facebook Lea Schick & Katrine Damkjær 36 Artificial Culture 43 On Scientific Mentality in Cultural Memory Raffaele Mascella & Paolo Lattanzio 43 Paranoid, not an Android: Dystopic and Utopic Expressions in Playful Interaction with Technology and Everyday Surroundings Maaike de Jong 50 Theorizing Web 2.0: Including Local to Become Universal Selva Ersoz Karakulakoglu 61 How Web 3.0 Combines User-Generated and Machine-Generated Content Stijn Bannier & Chris Vleugels 69 Artificial Culture as a Metaphor and Tool Kurmo Konsa 78 Political culture 89 Playful Public Connectivity Anne Kaun 89 Habermasian Online Debate of a Rational Critical Nature: Transforming Political Culture. A case study of the “For Honesty in Politics!” message group Latvia, 2007 Ingus Bērziņš 100 Consumer and elite 109 Transformation of Cultural Preferences in Estonia Maarja Lõhmus & Anu Masso 109 Taste 2.0. Social Network Site as Cultural Practice Antonio Di Stefano 117 Online Communication A New Battlefield for Forming Elite Culture in China Nanyi Bi 124 Identity and individual in social networks 127 Internet, Blogs and Social Networks for Independent and Personal Learning of Information Theory and Other Subjects in Journalism, Advertising and Media Graciela Padilla & Eva Aladro 127 The Artist and Digital Self-presentation: a Reshuffle of Authority? Joke Beyl 135 Communicative Image Construction in Online Social Networks. New Identity Opportunities in the Digital Age Bernadette Kneidinger 141 Digital Identity: The Private and Public Paradox Stacey M. Koosel 149 Personal memory: virtual self 155 Mystory in Myspace Rhetoric of Memory in New Median Petra Aczél 155 Life Publishing on the internet – a playful field of life-telling Sari Östman 161 Transforming culture in the digital age Transforming 5 Cultural heritage: 168 Cultural heritage and creative user 169 Archives and Its Users at a Crossroads of On-line Access Priit Pirsko 169 Audiovisual Collections in a Digital Culture: Reflections on Providers and Users of Digital Audiovisual Heritage in Flanders Lien Mostmans & Eva Van Passel 172 Transforming Cultural Participation at the Estonian National Museum Pille Runnel & Pille Pruulmann-Vengerfeldt 179 Visuality 187 Trans/forming Museum Narratives: The Accommodation of „Photography 2.0“ in Contemporary Exhibitions Areti Galani & Alexandra Moschovi 187 Digitization – Accessibility – Long-term Digital Preservation. Creation and Maintaining virtuaalmuuseum.ee Andres Uueni 194 Performativity, Interaction and Cultural Competence in Technologically- mediated interactive art exhibitions Vuokko Harma 197 “What’s on your mind?” Andrea Salinas 202 What Do We Know about On-line Museums? A Study about Current Situation of Virtual Art Museums Anna Lorente i Gall & Ioannis Kanellos 208 Re-Creating ‘Natural’ Heritage: Landscape Perception and Outdoor Tourism in the Web 2.0 David Casado-Neira 220 Cultural memory: Knowledge environments 231 Cultural Heritage and Literary Memory: Constructing the Estonian Cultural Historical Web Marin Laak 231 Gender and Migration Issues in Relation to Intercultural Identities: A Digital Archival Inquiry for European History Triantafillia Kourtoumi 239 Archival Education: Data Trails And The Culture Of Learning Beverly Geesin & Helen Gilroy 247 Estonian Language University Digital Textbook Collection Liisi Lembinen 253 Libraries 257 Digital Memory and Common Sense Janne Andresoo & Mihkel Volt 257 For those Looking for Information and Experiences: The National Digital Library of Finland Tapani Sainio & Mikael Vakkari 261 Large-scale Aggregation of Metadata from Distributed Digital Libraries in Poland Adam Dudczak, Agnieszka Lewandowska & Marcin Werla 268 Changing Users of the Digital Library Krista Lepik 273 Digital Preservation of Manuscripts in Rampur Raza Library in India: A Case Study Leili Seifi 281 Is digital enhancing cultural experience? 287 Between Technology and Teleology: Can the Digital Age Embrace the Analog Experience of Culture? Farouk Y. Seif 287 The Shape of the Paper Book to Come Geoffrey Brusatto 294 Transforming culture in the digital age Transforming 6 Digital literature 302 From the Gutenberg Galaxy to the Internet Galaxy. Digital Textuality and the Change of Cultural Landscape Raine Koskimaa 303 The “Open” Ideology of Digital Culture Robert Wilkie 314 Digital Poetry and/in the Poetics of the Automatic Juri Joensuu 320 Re: appearing and Disappearing Classics. Case Study on Poetics of Two Digital Rewritings by a Finnish Poet Marko Niemi Kristian Blomberg 326 Cybertextuality Meets Transtextuality Markku Eskelinen 332 Metafictionality and Deterritorilization of the Literary in the Hypertexts Anna Wendorff 338 The Public Sphere of Poetry and the Art of Publishing Risto Niemi-Pynttäri 345 Solitude in Cyberspace Piret Viires & Virve Sarapik 351 Digital art 356 Reprogramming Systems Aesthetics: A Strategic Historiography Edward A. Shanken 357 Stepping Towards the Immaterial: Digital Technology Revolutionizing Art Christina Grammatikopoulou 367 Creativity in Surveillance Environment: Jill Magid and the Integrated Circuit Amy Christmas 373 Audience Interaction in the Cinema: An Evolving Experience Chris Hales 378 Delay and Non-materiality in Telecommunication Art Raivo Kelomees 387 Robot: Ritual Oracle and Fetish Thomas Riccio 391 Digital Art and Children’s Formal and Informal Practices: Exploring Curiosities and Challenging Assumptions Steven Naylor 397 Locative Media and Augmented Reality: Bridges and Borders between Real and Virtual Spaces Marisa Luisa Gómez Martínez 405 Index 413 Transforming culture in the digital age Transforming 7 Transforming culture in the digital age Introduction You are currently browsing the e-book „Transforming culture in the digital age“. The increasing digitalisation is posing many different challenges related to a series of cultural transformations: technical, organisational, practice related and mental. In the current collection of articles, the focus of the transformations is on the intersections of individuals and institutions, and users and producers of culture. Many authors indicate that the roles of the user and the producer are becoming more intertwined and that it is becoming increasingly difficult to separate one from the other. This has also affected the cultural and heritage institutions as their role in the society is under consideration. In this collection of papers, a number of texts look critically at the hypothetical intermingling of processes and attempt to analyse to what extent hopes are being realised. The collection also looks at the active role of the heritage institutions in creating new digital environments, where the different users are often taken into consideration, in many different ways. In addition, many texts here analyse the changes that have occurred in cultural practices – the emergence of new forms in art and literature, the changes in the role of authorship, the broadening concepts of literature and art. The book is a collection of 56 articles that represent the diversity and intellectual efforts of a three-day conference which took place in Tartu 14-16 April, 2010. The initial call of the conference invited profes- sionals of different heritage institutions – museums, libraries and archives, working artists, educators and academicians researching the subjects of cultural transformation from across the disciplines. The interdis- ciplinary nature of the conference and the diversity of the field is well reflected in the variety of the papers in this volume. We have divided the book in five large sections – Changing users, Transforming heritage, Digital literature and Digital