HERALD Accidents & Blindness Afraid of Reaching 45? SENSE OF VALUES by John Edgar Hoover, F.B.I. Chief, U.S.A. Commonwealth Co-operation in Health and Medical Services

By Don Taylor Editor of "New Commonwealth," London

is the main organization in Britain directly concerned with research work which it undertakes itself and makes available in published papers. It also encourages research in hospitals and universities by grants, awards, fellowships and scholarships. It has the .major financial responsibility for the In- VISITED a friend in a hospi- men and women from parts of the stitute of Cancer Research, which is I talnear London not long ago oversea Commonwealth today go strongly supported by the British and within half an hour there to study in Britain and take back Empire Cancer Campaign, and it I met a physician from India, a to their own lands the knowledge undertakes research overseas, main- surgeon from Australia and a nurse gained, to shape it to their people's taining two establishments in Africa from Nigeria. It certainly brought needs. and one in the West Indies. home to me the brotherhood of medicine in the Commonwealth. TRAINING PERSONNEL VALUE OF INDIVIDUAL As in so many other fields there CONTACTS is, of course, a common tradition Medicine provides a fascinating Commonwealth countries play stemming from Britain. Many field of Commonwealth co-opera- an important part in international Commonwealth medical men and tion, because to defeat disease and organizations such as the World women have received at least part raise a healthier people is the first Health Organization, the United of their training in Britain, and in span in bridging the gap between Nations Children's Fund, the Com- their own countries many hospitals advanced and developing peoples. mission for Technical Co-operation and other medical institutions have At high level, co-operation is been founded on the British tradi- through the Colombo Plan, in Africa South of the Sahara, the tion, often by British experts. through conferences, and British- South Pacific Health Service and Commonwealth countries have based organizations such as the the West African Council for Med- ical Research. expanded and enriched that tradi- Medical Research Council, the tion. One need only recall the work Bureau of Hygiene and Tropical In addition, there are many non- official organizations, such as the initiated by Sir Ronald Ross Diseases, the Commonwealth In- against malaria and how it has stitute of Entomology, the Colonial London School of Hygiene and been continued, and the work of Advisory Medical Committee, the Tropical Medicine, the British carrying on the discoveries of Colonial Medical Research Com- Leprosy Relief Association founded David Bruce and C. F. M. Swyn- mittee and the Applied Nutrition in 1924 and which supplies infor- nerton against sleeping sickness. Unit. mation, drugs, training and re- In the public health services The Medical Research Council (Continued on outside back cover) 2 THE. HERAED OF HEALTH, AUCUST 1961

The Oriental Watchman and Herald of

52nd YEAR OF PUBLICATION 111 A Magazine for Home and Happiness

EDITOR: T. R. TORKELSON ASSOCIATE EDITOR: J. I. CRAWFORD ASSISTANT EDITOR: GEORGE C. THOMAS CONTRIBUTING EDITORS: I. R. BAZLIEL, EX-MAJ. I.M.S.; ELIZABETH J. HISCOX. M.D.; PHILIPS. NELSON, M.D.. D.N.B.; O. B. HAUSER. M.D. Contents FEATURE ARTICLES Page

COMMONWEALTH CO-OPERATION IN HEALTH AND MEDICAL SERVICES DON TAYLOR 2

ACCIDENTS AND BLINDNESS DR. MOHANLAL AND DR. NANAK CHAND GUPTA 6

IT IS THE RIGHT KIND OF FOOD THAT MATTERS DR. ANN DALLY 8

BRUCELLOSIS CHARLES M. CARPENTER, M.D., PH.D. 11

THE ROLE OF SUNLIGHT IN YOUR LIFE DR. S. B. WHITEHEAD 14

DRUGS GALORE VICTOR BENNETT 16

AFRAID OF REACHING 45? HOMER B. RICKABAUGH 18

EATING FOR HEALTH JANOBI MURRAY, B.Sc., R.N.R.N.M. 22

BODY FLUID BALANCE MARY CATHERINE NOBLE, R.N., R.P.T. 24

REGULAR FEATURES OUR COVER

A bugle call can mean THE EDITOR SAYS: "Is It Worth It?" 5 several things. It can mark a celebration, an arrival of a MINUTE MEDITATIONS: Look With a Telescope 10 dignitary or a new era, and it can mean a call to arms or a call to duty. HOMEMAKER'S HELPS: Sense of Values 26 India celebrates her inde- pendence again this month. STORY TIME: Jamuna's Geranium 29 May honest citizens find in this anniversary a renewed THE DOCTOR ANSWERS: 31 call to duty and sacrifice for their motherland. SCIENCE ON THE MARCH 33 Photo: Ravinder Kumar Paul

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Published monthly by the Oriental Watchman Road, Bangalore 1; for Madras-21-A Williams wrapper or reference number appearing thereon, Publishing House. Subscription Rates: 1 yr. Rs. Road, Tiruchirapalli Cantt.; for Kerala—Kaudiar indicating both new and old addresses. Dupli- 8.75; 2 yes. Rs. 16.95; 3 yrs. Rs. 24.95; 5 yrs. Rs. P. 0., Trivandrum 3; for Andhra—Bunder Road, cate copies cannot be supplied without extra 40.75. Foreign postage (except Ceylon & Box 308, Vijayawada; for Gujarat and Maha- charge if intimation of change of address has not Pakistan) 96 nP. extra per year. Singapore, rashtra-16 Club Road, Bombay 8i for Uttar been given in advance. Malaya, Borneo, Sarawak, Thailand, Vietnam Pradesh, East Punjab, Delhi and adjacent states Non-Receipt and Loss of Copies: Inquire first and Cambodia: Malayandollars 9.00 per year. —27 Barakhamba Road. New Delhi; for Bihar, at your local post office; if you get no satisfac- Our representatives are authorized to receive Orissa and West Bengal—Morabadi Villa, Ranchi, tion, then please inform us. When making a cash or cheques for subscriptions and to issue Bihar; for Assam—Nongthymmai, Shillong; complaint about the late receipt of this maga- official reemipts for the same. Cheques should be for East Pakistan-130/C Dhanmandi Road, zine, please send wrapper along with complaint crossed. In India, Ceylon and East Pakistan Dacca; for Ceylon-15/2 Alfred House Gardens, to enable the post office to hx responsibility ,hew should be issued in favour of the Oriental Colpetty, Colombo 3; for West Pakistan— for the delay. Watchman Book Depot in care of the regional Oriental Watchman Publishing House, 32 Expiry notice: When you see an X on the office under which the representative is working. Mozang Road, Lahore; for Burma—Book & wrapper of your magazine, it means your For West Pakistan and Burma note the name Bible House of Seventh-day Adventists, 68 U subscription has expired. of the account as given below. Wisara Road, Rangoon. ••• Articles in this issue thus marked have been Regional offices: For Mysore—1-A Wheeler Change of Address: Send requests along with reprinted by the courtesy of "Life and Health." THE HERALD OF HEALTH, AUGUST 1961 3 Khajuraho, the city made immortal by the gods in stone—vibrant, delicate and human. Only a short drive from Panna in Madhya Pradesh and the temples of Discover India Khajuraho hold you spellbound Inspried by a silent spiritual beckoning, the by car with stone sculptor has wrought in granite, the limpid grace, of the goddesses and the gods as they dance, listen to the music CALTEX reverberating and as the evening draws close, there is love—the union of Purusa (essence) and Prakriti (substance).

Wherever you start to discover India by car, choose Caltex lubricants and petrol to keep you free from car troubles and make your trip a happier and pleasanter one.

• CALTEX (INDIA) 1.1MITECI. is IT WOKTH IT t

O BUY, or not to buy; to go, saner moments the men must have today are making the rupee the or note to go; to adopt, or often asked the question, "Is it highest consideration. Day after T to reject; to read, or to cast worth the price that I am paying?" day, year after year, they engage away; these and many other de- A boy named Willie wanted, in a relentless competition to get cisions demand our attention each more than anything else in life, to wealth, and their watchword is day of our lives. For most of us, see a giraffe. He was completely "more." It is only when felled by the "paisa" does not permit indis- fascinated by the pictures he had some illness that they are forced to criminate buying; we do not have seen and the stories he had heard. look squarely at the panorama of time nor energy to go just any- One fine day a circus came to life and to ask the question, "is it where; one cannot read all the town, and it was rumoured that really worth it?" books; it all adds up to the great a giraffe would be on display. You Recently I read a report of a truth that one must be careful to can imagine with what zeal Wil- man who ran quickly into a select the worthwhile things of life lie did his errands in order to earn psychiatric counselling clinic and and to discard all that is of no use enough for the admission fee. With asked the astounded attendant, or of doubtful value. Life is too a light heart he set out to fulfil his "Sir, do you know of anything in short to follow the will-o'-the-wisp. life's dream. As Willie hurried the world worth living or dying In the days of the gold-rush in along he noticed a coin almost for?" A good question indeed! North America, thousands of men hidden in the dust. Of course, he And, would that we all could take risked their lives in travel by sea picked it up. Then he noticed time out so as to collect our and land, braving the severe cold still more coins, and he picked thoughts and to ask a similar ques- of winter and performing almost them all up. It seems that some- tion. superhuman feats—all for the sake one had passed by with a big bag Good health is a worthwhile ob- of gold. The northern plains were of coins and that one by one they jective in that it lends zest and en- strewn with bodies of those who dropped out along the way. What joyment to every other blessing. were unable to carry on with the a fortunate boy was Willie! But, Moreover, the man with a healthy trek. Some men reached the gold alas! when he reached the gate body is very likely to have a healthy fields only to find that all the land and bought his ticket he had such mind with which to judge critical- bad been staked and claimed. a bend in his back that he was un- ly as to just what is the real gold of Often, reports would come of a able to straighten up. The story life. While good health is impor- rich find of gold at some distant says that he was absolutely unable tant to us, it is of little value un- place. Tired men on hearing these to lift his head so as to get a less our neighbours also are reports, would soon have the old glimpse of the giraffe. Willie was healthy. Disease germs do not dis- glint in their eyes, and off they a sad boy indeed as he returned criminate in their choice of host or would go regardless of personal to his home. hostess. comfort. Anything for gold! In You may brand this as a very A farmer who grew prize corn some cases the "gold" turned out unlikely story, and perhaps it is. had little respect for his neighbours, to be only "fool's gold," a worth- But it is quite true to life. Thou- less iron pyrite. Surely, in their sands, if not millions, of people (Continued on p. 25)

THE HERALD OF HEALTH, AUGUST 1961 5 rifirlItiliiffs si BL1ONE$5 A!

By Dr. Mohan Lal and Dr. Nanak Chand Gupta Gandhi Eye Hospital, Aligarh

GNORANCE and negligence have been responsible after removal, it leads to deeper opacities with the for many accidents. There has been an expansion resulting diminution of vision, because these opacities I of human activity in the recent past and man has obstruct the vision. to cope with fast moving machines. Machines, chem- If the necessary protective measures are used icals and explosives that he has to work with demand properly, such types of accidents will be minimized. more caution and education on his part. The extent of injury and defect in vision depend upon Accidents involving the eyes mostly occur in fields the size of the particles and the place of injury in the connected with activities such as working on the lathe, eye. Sometimes when the size is larger than 2mm., chipping, spinning, boring, soldering, drilling, electric eye-sight is completely lost. The entry of such pieces welding, chemical manufacture, coke making, fodder damages the eye in the following three ways:— cutting by machine, etc. Mechanical Effect: It produces a perforated wound if Everyday in the Out-patients' Department of the it hits through the cornea, and the scar after healing Gandhi Eye Hospital five or six cases are registered will be opaque and will obstruct vision. It may pro- with complaints of pain, lachrimation, inability to duce irregularity in the cornea which develops into open the eyelids, etc. These cases are those of persons astigmatism. If the lens is injured, it may lead to working on lathes or cutting fodder with machines. traumatic cataract. If the piece enters the posterior Those who are working on lathes report that iron par- portion of the eye and hits the retina, degeneration ticles have entered the eye. On examination it is found starts which affects the vision considerably. that several iron pieces are lying in the cornea. These Infection: There is a great danger of infection in case pieces are removed but sometimes, rather often, these of penetration of external matter. If the accident takes are embedded in the deeper layers of the cornea. Even place in an agricultural area or on the roadside, pre-

6 THE HERALD OF HEALTH, AUGUST 1961

cautions should be taken against tetanus. Gas gang- About 30 per cent of the cases rene is also sometimes developed. of blindness are caused by electric Welding Specific reaction (chemical nature of the particles): welding. In India, electric welding Iron and copper are most harmful in this respect. is quite often done on the roadside. Their chemical reaction starts the degeneration of the People watch this with curiosity or casually, unaware eye. of its harmful effects. It burns the sensitive area of the Cutting of fodder by machine is retina called fovea leading to a diminution of vision. In Fodder becoming common these days. many cases it has been found that people who have Machines People do not use proper protec- suffered have either omitted to use goggles or they were tive measures and consequently the not properly using protective screens. eyes are injured by flying pieces of fodder, causing Similar burns occur during the infection. Last year a majority of the patients of cor- Solar solar eclipse. We have seen quite a neal ulcers were injured by fodder pieces and were Eclipse good number of such cases. A 15- suffering from pyochanous organisms. Unfortunately year old student who watched the the specific medicine, polymyxine, is not freely avail- solar eclipse with naked eyes lost his vision. All possible able in India. In cases where the disease could not be means for the restoration of his sight were tried but controlled with streptomycin, etc., eye-sight was lost. nothing could be done. If the boy had only looked at If the farmers had used the protective goggles or taken the eclipse through dark glasses, he would not have good care, quite a good number of them would have lost his vision. been spared their vision. Most of the people drive motor Motor Sometimes eyes are injured with blunt objects, cycles at high speed without proper Cycle like tennis balls, cricket balls, sticks, bull horns or goggles, screens and leg guards. Driving by falling on some projecting things. The blunt objects During high speed dust particles, strike the eye. There is no injury outwardly but it insects and wind strike the cornea of the eyes causing leads to swelling of the most sensitive part of the retina pain and lachrimation. Quite often riders close the eyes called fovea. There it may cause hxmorrhage fibrosis suddenly and an accident occurs. Sometimes dust and detachment of retinal layers resulting in loss of particles may get into the eyes and cause ulceration. vision. If the injury is very severe, the eye-ball may There have been cases of children being injured be ruptured. This leads to extensive bleeding and loss by their own finger-nails, pencils, sticks, etc. of the eye. A 15-year old boy was admitted to the hospital (Continued on P. 28) with injuries to his eye caused by a bull's horn. He developed swelling of the macular area which caused diminution of vision. Chemical Burns: People working in various chemical industries and laboratories get injured by ammonia, acid, spirit, etc. Ink and colours used during Holi cele- brations are also injurious. Last year a 20-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with injuries to his eyes while opening a bottle of ammonia. He became blind completely. During the Holi festival, some Holi people play in an indiscreet way Festival smearing colour on face and eyes. In many cases it causes corneal ulcer or severe allergic conjunctivitis and quite often endangers vision. Explosives: During Diwali and marriage festivities fire- works are used very extensively and sometimes acci- dental or sudden explosions strike the face and eyes often causing a complete loss of vision. Children often strike a match to ignite fireworks and when it does not work, immediately they start blowing, which sometimes results in sudden explosion which burns the eyes. For example, the renowned musician, Vishnu Digamber Palushkar, lost his eyes in such. an accident.

THE HERALD OF HEALTH, AUGUST 1961 The Sad Child--2 It is the Right Kind of Food That Matters

THE STORY IS NOT NEW That of famines, wars and refugees. Ill-kept and undernourished for years, sad, misplaced children live without hope or die with release. Photo: Govindlal

N TOWNS and villages all over the world one of her love and care were not enough. Something else the most pleasant tasks of happy, contented was needed and that something was greater knowl- I mothers is to sit watching their children while edge and understanding than she herself possessed. they sleep and grow and play. Her search for this brought her face to face with all In the hot sunshine at the edge of a village, a the basic facts about feeding. whole group of mothers was occupied in just this way FOOD OF THE RIGHT KINDS when the stranger approached. Thin, gaunt, scarcely Just as a fire needs fuel to keep up the flames, so able to carry the tiny ragged baby in her arms and the human body needs food to keep up its strength with another pitiful figure of a boy at her heels, this and health. The quantity of food eaten must be woman was soon the centre of an excited chattering enough to keep up the warmth of the body and to group. repair it when it is cut or injured. This quantity of One of the group was not chattering though—she food, when digested in the stomach, gives off energy stood looking closely at the newcomer and her heart through heat, which, for scientific purposes, is sank as she recognized the sunken, starved features as measured in calories. those of her own sister. The amount of calories needed to maintain health NOT A NEW STORY varies at different stages of life and growth but, in Late that night, after food and rest, came the ex- every case, too little food will mean that the body has planation. The story was not a new one—it is still all to feed on its own fat. Once the stores of fat are used too common—the story of war and famine, refugees up, the muscles shrink and weaken and the starving and poverty, fear and starvation. human body becomes little more than a skeleton cover- For the first time, though, the happy mother, who ed with skin which eventually finds a happy release in had recognized in the stranger her sister, was faced death. with a living example of the effects of these things. But the right number of calories is not the only Anger lent all the more energy to her determination to answer to creating a healthy body. To do its job pro- cure her sister and undo the harm that had been done. perly, food has not only to be sufficient in quantity, it Anxiously she set to work to feed the newcomers has to be of the right kind and variety as well. as she fed her own family. As the days passed, she These facts brought the village mother to the first watched hopefully for the signs of recovery. But the real stage in understanding. She was lucky in having a signs were slow in coming. Finally, she knew that all teacher close at hand in the person of her own hus-

8 Tja HERALD OF HEALTH, AUGUST 1961- band's sister who had trained as nurse in a London self it never heals. The baby is no better—she is forever hospital. crying. Her anxious description of her sister's family and "She doesn't grow properly and the still has the their troubles was, without her knowing it, a descrip- most dreadful sores round her eyes. As for my sister tion of many of the typical symptoms and diseases of herself, the pains in her legs and arms seem to be get- malnutrition. ting worse, not better, and unless something is done I think that soon she will not be able to walk at all." POWER OF MOTHER LOVE She had given a true description of the symptoms "The boy," she said, "is nearly three years old— and illnesses arising from protein, mineral and vitamin the same as mine. I give them the same foods, he is deficiencies, and she herself was proving once again the even getting fatter but he still doesn't seem to have any fact that mother love is one of the strongest forces appetite. He doesn't want to play and he is such a sad known to mankind—strong enough to fight and win child. His cough won't stop and if he scratches him- against the forces of ignorance and despair.

by Dr. Ann Daily

THE SIGHT IS NOT UNCOMMON • • * 0 • * • • • • The face of the child yearn- ing for the tenderness of • •* • •• • • • a •• „ a • • , its mother. All the nourish- • f • • • • • • f • ment cannot adequately f • W ••• • • make up for the absence of • • • • R * mother love. • Nil • * • „• •

Photo: Hari Krishan MUTE MEDITATIONS

Look With a Telescope Ruth Nerlund

"If you would keep your friend, approach him there on Westminster Bridge who wishes to know with a telescope, never with a microscope." the hour. Will you tell him, please?" And the re- sponse from the watch was, "Oh, I could never How do you approach your friends? Do you make him hear. My voice is so small, it never look for their fine qualities, their good deeds, and could begin to carry in such a whirlwind of noise their virtues? Or are you one of those who sees as this." only the faults of his fellow men? It is said that "we never know the true value of friends. While But the big clock said, "Oh, yes, little sister, they live we are too sensitive to their faults; when I had forgotten, yet the man wishes to know the we have lost them we see only their virtues." time; he requires to know, and you cannot tell him; but I can and will. So let us henceforth We can all learn a lesson from the fable of not criticize one another. You will not find fault the little gold watch which found fault with Big witth me nor I find fault with you, but each of Ben as he tolled out the hour of noon from the us in our own place, you for your mistress and clock tower on the Parliament building in Lon- I for the great city, will teach men everywhere don. The little watch said, "I do not like you; to redeem time." your face is too broad, your hands are too big, your voice is too coarse. I do not like you. My How much better it would be for you and me modest size and attractive appearance, my noise- to look for the good in others! "Praise loudly; less motion and gentle tick, are well suited to the blame softly," should be our slogan. And by our convenience of a lady or a gentleman." cheerful attitude and helpful ways we shall real' friendship, and as we plant kindness in the lives Then the clock asked the little watch to of others, we shall reap love. So— come up to him, and when the "little sister" had at last reached the top of the stone steps, the big "If you would keep your friend, approach him clock said, "Little sister, there is a man down with a telescope, never with a microscope."

/ WHAT DO YOU SIFF easy to find the mud—but the stars are there, too, / for those who can see them. H. M. ROSENBERGER —Courtesy, Sunshine Magazine. Often I have taken a clean, white sheet of paper. PURSUE THE ETERNAL Then, in one corner, I have made a small, black 4 mark. Holding it up before a group of young folk, If you pursue good with labour, the labour passes I have asked, "What do you see?" Without fail, each away, but the good remains. If you pursue evil with person present will reply, "I see a black mark." Few pleasure, the pleasure passes away, but the evil 4 have ever said, "I see a sheet of white paper with remains. a black mark." —Cicero. ( It is easy to look at folks and see only the black SAY IT WITH FLOWERS marks. Easy to search for the flaws of character and dwell on them. And, every one of us has some flaw There is a beautiful and an ugly way in which to somewhere. None is perfect. We forget to see the say what you have to say. And the character of the person as a whole. We neglect to appreciate his day depends on which way you say it. You can ruin many fine, sterling qualities. the day if you say it in the ugly way; you can fill There is a little poem I have recalled many times the day with joy and cheeriness if you say it in the which goes like this: "Two men sat behind prison beautiful way. Let us choose our words and the bars; the one saw mud, the other saw stars." It is tone of voice.

10 THE HERALD OF HEALTH. AUGUST 19111 Milk fever has become heir to the nickname The Great Imitator, for it mimics many other diseases. It occurs among animals, and it can be transmitted from them to people.

CHARLES M. CARPENTER, M.D., PH. D.

I 3

3 I I I I 1 3 ox Photos Brucellosis or milk fever is one of the diseases man shares with p goats, sheep, cows and other animals.

F ALL THE world-wide diseases man shares the cause of the symptoms. with animals, brucellosis is one of the most Diagnosis of brucellosis is difficult, even 0 difficult to diagnose and control. One of the for a physician with a high degree of suspicion. greatest problems in estimating the extent of brucel- The elusive Brucella micro-organism, from its losis in man is the difficulty of identifying it as a relatively good hiding place within the zells cause of the patient's symptoms. of the body, gives evidence of its mischief only The symptoms are common—easy fatigue, head- by its debilitating effect on the health of the ache, depression, irritability, nervousness, arthritis, patient. Except in the acute stage of the dis- generalized aches and pains, chills, fever, sweats, ease, it rarely ventures into the blood stream, weakness, and a host of specific complaints. After where it can be detected. Most other micro- a careful physical examination and the usual labo- organisms that cause generalized infections ratory tests, the family physician may find his pa- can be found in the blood. Fortunately, when tient generally healthy and with no significant ab- it has infected a person it does leave telltale normality, in spite of the vague symptoms. With evidence. One clue is hypersensitivity, or aller- today's emphasis on psychosomatic disorders, emo- gy, which it produces in the patient. tional conflict or "nerves" may be the diagnosis, with a prescription for tranquillizers and a recom- This hypersensitivity is the basis of the Bru- mendation of psychotherapy. Yet brucellosis may be cellergen skin test. A small amount of material THE HERALD OF HEALTH, AUGUST 1961 11 bacteria in a test-tube. The blood serum from a non- Brucella-infected person has a marked killing effect on the germ in the test-tube. Studies are now in progress in the laboratories of the Department of Infectious Diseases at the Univer- sity of California at Los Angeles, of the unusual ability of the Brucella to produce a marked hypersensitivity, or allergy, to itself in the infected person. Large amounts of Brucella bacteria are being separated into the proteins, fats, and carbohydrates of which they are composed. These elements are being studied for their effect on living animal cells grown in test-tubes on artificial nutrients. It is possible that this type of research will clarify the means by which Brucella bacteria produce such a wide variety of symptoms in man. If it is proved im- possible to separate the toxic compounds from those that produce active immunity, it may be possible to prevent the disease in patients who are often exposed to the infection, by immunization with a vaccine such as that for typhoid fever and other bacterial diseases. Brucellae are somewhat unique among bacteria in the way they cause disease. They are able to pene- trate the living cells of the body, and like the viruses, to thrive and multiply in a spot relatively protected P. R. Shinde from antibodies and antibiotics. Unlike most other Avoid using raw milk and undercooked flesh foods. bacterial infections, which are soon defeated by the body defences, brucellosis can become firmly estab- lished and result in a distressing chronic disease. extracted from killed Brucella bacteria is injected into Unlike most viruses, which invade only a few of the skin of the forearm. If an allergy exists, in one or the tissues of man, brucellosis can infect almost any two days the site of the injection becomes red and tissue of the body and cause very diverse complaints. inflamed over an area about the size of a ten naye It is now recognized that many of the symptoms of paise piece. The greater the degree of hypersensitivity, brucellosis are primarily due to the hypersensitivity, for the larger the reaction. In some patients it may be an an injection of dead bacteria or bacterial products in- inch or more across. This is conclusive evidence that to a hypersensitive person can result in symptoms of the patient has been infected with Brucella bacteria. active brucellosis. Unfortunately, the test result does not tell the The role of hypersensitivity in producing symp- physician whether the hypersensitivity is due to a cur- toms of brucellosis is interesting for other reasons. Even rent infection responsible for the patient's symptoms if milk containing Brucella bacteria is adequately or to past infection. pasteurized, it is possible that the dead bacteria can produce those symptoms due to hypersensitivity in the The body does develop antibodies to Bruce112e, markedly allergic person even in the absence of active some of which are detected by blood tests. They tend infection. For that reason it is important for patients to increase and rise to high blood-serum levels during with symptoms and evidence of Brucella hypersensi- an active infection. If this increase of antibody level tivity to avoid dairy products that may contain the can be detected, brucellosis as a cause of the patient's dead micro-organisms. symptoms is established. In recurrent chronic infec- tion, no antibodies appear in the blood of some pa- The reasons for the hypersensitivity are threefold : tients, or they appear only in a limited number that is often considered non-specific. 1. The cells in test-tube cultures from spleens of Another helpful blood test in the diagnosis of bru- guinea-pigs and from humans who have been infected cellosis is the Minoprio test, which measures the blood and become allergic to Brucellx show evidence of serum's Brucella-killing power. The undiluted blood severe damage when exposed to minute numbers of serum from a patient with Brucella infection has little dead Brucellx or to substances extracted from such or no bactericidal activity when mixed with Brucella bacteria.

12 THE HERALD OF HEALTH, Aucusr 1961 2. Some patients with chronic brucellosis im- prove greatly when they either eliminate dairy prod- ucts from their diet or consume only dairy products known to be free from Brucellae. 3. Preliminary observations show that guinea- pigs infected with Brucea that experience no subse- quent reinfection or exposure to dead Brucellx thrive longer than guinea-pigs re-exposed to the germ. The usual source of infection with Brucellae is ani- mals cattle, goats, sheep, pigs—or their products, ex- cept for the occasional accidental infection of labora- tory workers handling live bacteria. The disease is more common among veterinarians, meat packers, and agricultural workers, who are often exposed to infected The only method of treatment for such patients animals in the course of their work. The source of in- is desensitization or hyposensitization to those sub- fection for other people is almost invariably milk or stances causing hypersensitivity symptoms. Sometimes this can be accomplished by injecting into the skin other dairy products. Of particular interest is the concentration of the very small doses of these substances obtained from infective agent in cream and butter. The bacteria killed Brucella bacteria. Doses should be given small adhere to the butterfat particles, and as the cream enough to avoid precipitating symptoms but large enough to stimulate the natural body defences against rises it collects 60 per cent of the bacteria. A recent increase in the number of cases of bru- their ill effects. The dosage of this material is gradu- cellosis outside the usual occupational groups has been ally increased until the patient's tolerance is great seen as a result of rapid air travel and increased travel- enough to cope with his exposure of these specific agents from other sources, without producing uncom- ling. Some of the most picturesque countries for tour- ists are often those with economies dependent on sheep fortable symptoms due to hypersensitivity. Until the patient becomes hyposensitized he should not use dairy and goats, and having at the same time poorly devel- products that may cause a recurrence of his symptoms. oped sanitation and inadequate public health pro- Although this treatment leaves much to be desired, it is grammes. This fact has broadened significantly the the most effective method available now. It has given group of patients in whom the physician should sus- welcome relief to many. pect brucellosis. Prevention of brucellosis is so difficult that effect- Even with the outstanding advances in public health and veterinary medicine, and the discovery of ive treatment remains an important medical problem. a host of potent antibiotics, brucellosis as a cause of The newer antibiotics, particularly the tetracycline disease in man has remained a significant medical type, have proved valuable and effective in suppres- problem. Its most hopeful aspect is the new awareness sion of the acute and severe infection. They have not of its symptoms and the consequent development of proved equally effective in treating chronic brucello- curative procedures. sis. Their disappointing performance in such instances But knowing about the disease, its symptoms and may be due to the inability of the antibiotic to reach effect on the patient, knowing how tests are made to the micro-organism living within the cell. Another rea- recognize the disease and knowing some of the thera- son may be the patient's severe hypersensitivity to pies the doctor may use in treating it does not, perhaps, products of Brucella bacteria or dead bacteria. It is tell us all we want to know—how we can keep from possible that the ingestion of dead bacteria or their getting the disease. products through dairy foods could produce those symptoms due to hypersensitivity even in the absence This perhaps can be summarized in four simple precautions: of active disease. 1. Avoid the use of raw milk and any dairy pro- ducts made from it. 2. Avoid eating raw or undercooked flesh foods of any kind. (Why not avoid meat altogether?) 3. Avoid contact with the bodies or carcasses of goats, cattle or swine if your skin has breaks in it that might permit the entrance of germs that cause brucellosis. 4. Take care to wash the hands thoroughly after handling any animal or animal products. 13 The Role

Dr. S. B. Whitehead

ITHOUT sunlight, there would be no life on this planet. It is the primary source of COLOUR THERAPY W all energy, and as such plays an indispensable part in your life, and profoundly affects your well- But sunlight also plays a direct role in our lives. being. The light rays which we see are composed of a spec- For one thing, sunlight is the source of all food. trum of rays of different wave-lengths. You can see Plants, through their green colouring matter (chlor- this spectrum when light is split up on passing through ophyll), can absorb the electro-magnetic energy of the a prism or through moisture particles in the atmos- actinic or light rays of the sun, and put it to work. phere, when it gives rise to a rainbow. They use it to take hydrogen from water absorbed Starting with the shorter-waved rays, the colours by the roots, to take carbon dioxide from the at- we see are violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, and mosphere, and to unite the two into new forms of orange to red. The distinctions are not clear-cut, since matter which we call carbohydrates. These carbohy- the colours merge into one another to form the wave- drates are the sugars, starches, and fats on which we band which we term light. It is these rays which play and animals live Botanists call the process photosyn- such a profound part in the life of plants. thesis, and only plants can do it. The colour rays are also important to us, for they Through plants and their photosynthesis we are determine the entire galaxy of colour that makes up drawing on the sun all our lives for energy and nutri- our environment. Our reactions to colour are impor- tion. Even when we eat proteins, such as milk, we are tant, for they influence us both psychologically and drawing on the sun, since the cow cannot give milk physically. Everyone knows a greater sense of well- without first converting carbohydrates in the form being when the sunlight comes through unobscured of grass and herbage. by cloud or dust in the atmosphere. Moreover, the 14 Ts; BMW OF HEALTH, AUGUST 1961 =z SUNLIGHT in

PRODUCTION OF VITA- association of colours with moods, MIN D etc.—which are only carbohyd- and our state of well-being, is too rate-trapped sunlight and the com- well known to be ignored. At the violet end of the spec- pressed energy formed from plants It has been well proved that trum we find the invisible ultra- that flourished before the Flood. blue has a cooling influence, red a violet rays, and these are rays In more recent years, we have warming, and the use of bright which we do absorb when they learned to simulate both the invis- colours is beneficial in a working reach the skin. They are taken up ible infra-red rays, with their anal- environment, in the factory and by certain oily substances, sterols, gesic or pain-killing properties, and the home; while a whole theory of lying immediately below the sur- the invisible ultra-violet rays, with therapy has been built on colour face, and their energy is used to their health-giving properties, in for its emotional effect and the re- convert such substances into vita- the forms of artificial sun-lamps. sponses it evokes from us. min D. This vitamin, the only one These aids are invaluable to sun- we can manufacture for ourselves, starved bodies in winter months. Valuable as the light rays are to is vital to us, as it enables the body At the same time, the impor- us, the invisible rays which lie be- to make use of important mineral tance of bathing the body in sun- yond them are even more signi- elements, particularly calcium and light has been endorsed. It is not ficant. At the red end of the spec- phosphorus, in building the body without significance that the trum there are the infra-red rays structure, its bones, and its teeth, months in which we have most in- of heat. These rays warm our earth, and in physiological function. fection, such as colds, are those in and are penetrative. As tempera- In our ability to use the ultra- ture rises, all bio-chemical proces- which we have the least sun. violet rays, we differ from plants. ses quicken, and we therefore tend They do not absorb them, and for The more we spend our lives out to function more efficiently in this reason, plants contain no vita- of the sun in buildings, homes, and warm weather than in cold. min D. Vitamin D is contained clothes which shut us off from its Vidyavrata only in animal foods, as animals beneficial effects, the more we need like human beings, can make it to make provision for sun-bathing when exposed to sunlight. in our lives. We can substitute for As we know only too well, sun- vitamin D by taking food deriva- light varies with the season, both tives, largely of animal origin, and in its intensity and in its quality. we can substitute fire for the sun's Even in summer, when all the rays warmth, and even electric light for which we can use are most power- its colour vibrations, but to bathe ful, cloud and atmospheric pollu- the body in sunlight is to obtain tion often screen out much light its full benefits at first-hand. and ultra-violet energy to our detri- Sunlight then, gives us not only ment. light and warmth and the health- Less warmth in winter long ago essential vitamin D, but tonic prop- compelled man to seek it in fire, erties that set the whole system and the burning of what are working more efficiently and more termed the fossil fuels—oil, coal, harmoniously for health.

THE HERALD OF HEALTH, AUGUST 1961 15 N 1685 there occurred a classic case of how not to treat an illness. The unfortunate pa- I tient was Charles II, King of England. While in the hands of his barber at Whitehall Palace, VICTOR BENNETT he had a seizure, and was carried to the royal bedchamber, where, for several days, he hung \ between life and death. His physicians were nothing if not zealous. They bled him with leeches. They gave him pur- gatives. They gave him emetics. The numerous WHO pills and potions which the royal patient was required to swallow almost exhausted the phar- macopceia as it existed at the time. -.4111E1 While this treatment was in progress, the bed- room was crowded, not only with doctors running to and fro, but with courtiers, politicians, and ecclesiastics who stood around talking and watch- ing developments each with his own interests in mind. The king's chances of survival depended on three things, fresh air, warmth, and rest, which would have fostered his natural powers of recu- peration, but, as he was denied these and his body was continually made to cope with the intake of strange substances, it is not surprising that he succumbed. It was a case of the remedy being worse than the disease.

An old error persists

Since that time the practice of medicine has been revolutionized, and the scientific knowledge of the nature of disease and the action of drugs has been vastly improved. Yet we must not assume that our present outlook is completely sensible. If indeed, we examine the current attitude, both popular and professional, to problems of health, may we not discern the phantom of the old error still with us, the error that we expect too much of drugs and that we do not rely sufficiently on natural factors in produc- ing health? One should avoid extreme views in this. Drugs have their value. Dr. Charles Hill, formerly known as "The Radio Doctor," has remarked that there are three kinds of drugs: the good, the useful, and the useless. Good drugs are those that strike at the cause of a disease, as iodine does with goitre, or which relieve otherwise incurable pain. Included with these are the anti-biotics, which destroy germs when they are the cause of acute and dangerous illnesses, though doctors are finding that these need to be used with caution. The useful drugs are those that relive symptoms without necessarily touching the cause of an illness, or those, like aspirin, which relieve sub- acute pain. Sumerian, Assyrian and From time immemorial the use of drugs has figured largely in med- ical practice, and certain drugs used today are ancient. Three hundred years Babylonian priests per- ago the bark of the cinchona tree, which contains quinine, was being used formed the offices of doc- against malaria. Drugs more ancient still include opium, belladonna, castor tors in that they whipped oil, and rhubarb. the patients till they drove out the demons re- The great age of drugs sponsible for illness. But it is in the present century that the great age of drug usage has When modern man relies been ushered in. Never before have drugs been manufactured, prescribed, too much on drugs and and consumed on so vast a scale. The cost of the drug bill to Britain's not sufficiently on natural National Health Service is a continual anxiety to the treasury department factors of healing, he 16 asks for a similar flogging into normalcy. of the government; but especially hypertension, and irregular pulse; But what commonly happens is taking into consideration the addi- and those of menthol, stupor, stag- that the patient, caught up in a tional trade in drugs which takes gering gait, flushing and slow res- round of engagements, refuses to place without medical prescrip- piration: to mention a few exam- slacken his pace and allow himself tion over the counter of the chemist ples at random. adequate time for recovery. He is shop, there must also be concern Admittedly effects such as these convinced that there exists a pill or as to its real effect on public health. are the result of taking over-doses, bottle of medicine that will make Certainly the amount of illness in but they should persuade us to use all the difference to him. He wants the community does not grow less. them with caution. Some patients to take it and be well again the next That many of the drugs current- are more sensitive to drugs than morning. By such summary de- ly used come under Dr. Charles others. We should consider the mands nature is not easily persuad- Hill's third classification of "use- long-term effects of taking a drug ed; and, if our patient does feel a less" must be more than a matter as well as its immediate result. little better the next day, this will of suspicion. Indeed, one must go probably be as much due to the farther and say they are harmful. Healing lies within ourselves value of a night's sleep and to the We must bear in mind that even The business in drugs at the psychological effect of having taken good drugs (cortisone is a noto- present day depends on both supply something he believes will make rious example) may have side- and demand. We are in debt to him better, than to any merits be- effects, and that practically any the great firms of manufacturing longing to the medicine itself. drug taken in excess can be danger- chemists for the valuable research The Great Need ous. Peter Cooper, F.P.S., in his which has been done in their lab- What is needed today is a change book Poisoning by Drugs and oratories, and for their skill in pre- of mind and heart toward our Chemicals writes as follows: "Any paring remedies in a form which health problems. Drugs can be a drug which possesses pharmacolog- is hygienic and easily assimilated. very important tool in the art of ical potency will, sooner or later, Yet the fact that they exist to sell helping the sick; but, in fact, the given the right circumstances, drugs in ever greater quantities and general situation is that we are ex- poison someone. The toxic poten- varieties is not entirely a whole- pecting too much from them, and tial of the drugs he handles should some factor in the nation's health, are taking them in quantities which

DRUGS GALORE

always be clearly understood by the especially as it is backed up by may be doing more harm than doctor in order that he may first modern advertising methods. On good. minimize their danger, and the other hand, the public demand We need to put more trust in secondly be in a position to treat for pills for all ills comes from a God and nature, to cultivate a wise those who have actually misused wrong state of mind toward sick- and generous mind to influence the them." ness. Most of the illnesses body and to promote health and He goes on to list, extensively which come to people are trans- healing by such natural means as though not exhaustively, the toxic itory, but they take a little time to exercise and rest in due measure, effects of drugs in common use. pass. The healing lies within them- fresh air, fresh food and, above all The toxic effects of bromides in- selves, but it needs to be fostered by moderation in all things. clude mental confusion, muscular mental and bodily relaxation, per- When we are sick we need to re- into-ordination, coma and shallow haps a change, and a review of member that nursing may be as im- respiration; those of caffeine, vom- their diet to make way for more portant as doctoring. When we are iting and convulsions; those of fruits, salads, and whole-grain well, we should form our habits so digitalis, nausea, visual disturbance, cereals. as to remain well.

THE HERALD OF HEALTH, AUGUST 1961 17 When you reach 45, you have just prepared to enter a better and more satisfying life that is ahead.

afraid of reaching

F LIFE begins at forty, as we are told, then at stance, a preponderance of testosterone produces a forty-five it is just off to a good start. But what male child, while a preponderance of estrone produces I about this mysterious age of forty-five? Does it a female. Also that there is a close relation between differ from thirty-five or forty? Does a real change the glands of reproduction and other glands of in- come over one at this time, or is the idea a myth? ternal secretion; namely, the pituitary, a small gland To answer in brief we would say, Yes, there is a located in the head, and the thyroid gland in the neck, change. However, it is a gradual transition rather as well as a few others scattered throughout the body. than an abrupt one. With the exception of the cessa- We are what we are because of the condition and tion of the menses in women, which occurs near the activity of these magic organs. The characteristic be- forty-fifth year, all other changes come about grad- haviour of the adolescent, the uncontrollable drive ually. of the eighteen-year-old boy, the mother instinct bud- ding in the girl of twenty, the nervous symptoms so Much as we might like to, we cannot escape the commonly associated with the menopause in women, fact that we are different individuals at forty-five can all be accounted for in terms of the endocrines. from what we were at forty. We look at things dif- The period of life from twenty to forty is the ferently. Our likes and dislikes have changed. Amuse- normal reproducing time. During this period the re- ments or pastimes which were enjoyed at thirty-five productive glands are active, and their activity has an now have lost interest for us. We have embraced new effect upon the other tissues of the body. At the close ones. Our outlook on life is different. of this period the reproductive glands become less ac- There is a physiological reason for this in the be- tive and in women cease functioning. This is the main haviour of the glands of the body. The endocrine physiological reason for the changes which occur at glands are discussed almost as much these days as are or near forty-five. In one of his books, Dr. Alexis Car- the vitamins. Nearly everyone knows that in foetal rel has made an interesting comment on the relation development, sex is determined by the behaviour of between sex activity and mental activity in which he these mysterious glands; that in the embryo, for in- shows that excessive demands on the reproductive 18 THE HERALD OF HEALTH, AUGUST 1961 4•••••••--

11,.111M••••••••• 45? Homer B. Rickabaugh

system detract from the highest mental accomplish- through this time with little or no discomfort. ments. While we cannot discuss at greater length the Let us note a few other body changes that occur changes that occur at forty-five, it is sufficient to say at or near this time of life. The muscles lose some of that there is a gradual slowing up of the body proc- the elasticity of youth. This is true not only of the esses. It is important for the individual of forty-five skeletal muscles, but also of the heart muscle and the to recognize the fact and live accordingly. Violent small muscles in the walls of the blood-vessels. The games and exercises should give place to slower ones. lenses of the eyes also lose some of their resiliency, and A more careful check should be kept on one's physi- it is necessary to wear glasses, possibly bifocals. The cal condition by periodic physical examinations, which tissues of the mouth, too, show the ravages of time should include blood-pressure reading, heart and lung in tooth decay or pyorrhoea which so often causes the examination, blood and urine test. At this age one loss of teeth at this age. There is a change in the dis- should be on the look-out for incipient hardening of tribution of the adipose tissue of the body, with more the arteries, certain forms of heart trouble, kidney of it accumulating in the region of the belt. trouble, and high blood pressure. In women, the changes that occur at or near With the slowing up of the body that occurs at forty-five are more spectacular in that the menstrual this period, less food is required. Especially should periods cease and with them the power of reproduc- there be a restriction of rich foods. We believe that tion. The cessation of the menses is accompanied by overeating, especially of rich, highly spiced foods, is certain other manifestations, of a nervous character. one of the prime causes of the degenerative diseases so Unfortunately a great many of the unpleasant symp- common at this period of life. Another great scourge toms accompanying the menopause are brought on of those of this particular age is the use of tobacco by a sort of mental build-up. Too often young women and alcohol. This is the time of life when heavy re- are taught by their seniors to approach this period sponsibilities are borne. Under the stress of business with fear and dread as if approaching some calamity. the smoker reaches for another cigarette. The greater This is too bad, for the normal healthy woman passes the nerve strain, the more frequent the cigarette. Hand

THE HERALD OF HEALTH, AUGUST 1961 19 in hand with the cigarette habit is the more injurious Women during the menopause especially should one of alcohol imbibing. It seems that an increasing avoid undue nerve strain. Any symptoms are likely number each year are wrecking their lives with to be exaggerated at this time. Allergic individuals alcohol. may find their asthma or hay fever worse. High There is a familiar picture to every practising blood pressure sometimes accompanies the change. physician: An alert, handsome individual in his thir- But these symptoms usually disappear or are much ties, with good health, a good physique, and a re- relieved after the manopause. Here again the family sponsible position. He is a smoker, and he takes an physician can render valuable aid. The hot flushes occasional drink for social reasons. With the passing of and other disagreeable nervous symptoms usually re- the years his responsibilities increase, and to offset the spond to some one of the glandular preparations avail- increased nerve strain he smokes more and drinks able now. Frequent physical examinations are import- more. By the time he has reached forty-five his fea- ant from now on for the early detection of cancer of the tures and his physique have changed. Instead of the breast or pelvic organs. After passing the menopause, well-developed muscles of arms and legs, the extrem- women often enjoy better health than they have had ities have become thin and flabby. The face takes for many years. on a bloated appearance, the eyelids are puffy, and We reiterate, this should be the happiest, most the abdomen has greatly enlarged. This condition is satisfying period of life. At this time one should enjoy often accompanied by a complete nervous break. the best health. The ordinary stomach and intestinal This, however, need not be the picture. If at and respiratory infections should occur less frequently forty-five one makes a business of health, this can be and should be less severe than at a younger age. And the healthiest and happiest period of life. And by the while one cannot make the great bursts of speed or way, making a business of health is a very profitable endure the violent exertion of a younger person, for enterprise. One's time is more valuable at forty-five slower activities, the physical endurance is as good as than it has ever been before. In the business and pro- ever. In fact, in many forms of physical exertion the fessional world the years from forty-five to fifty-five endurance is better at forty-five, because at this age are the most productive years. Time lost on account one has learned better how to use what strength he of sickness is always money lost. has and does not waste energy in useless motion. At forty-five one should adopt a definite health Especially in the intellectual and cultural world programme. This programme should include: does the age under discussion come into its own. The 1. The diet most suited to the individual, taking intellectual worker in every field does his best work into account the type of work he does. It would be at forty-five or later. As an illustration of this point the worth while to secure the aid of one competent to aeroplane industry comes to mind, and it is typical of give dietetic advice in working out the daily menu. all great industries. Here we find young men doing Needless to say, it is not the same for all. sheet-metal work and various necessary routine tasks, 2. Proper periods of rest and relaxation from the but in the engineering departments where are turned everyday job. The art of relaxing is one of the fine out these marvellous motors, machines of almost un- arts, and should be cultivated. It does not always mean believable precision and performance, are men of ma- lying in bed. For those engaged in mental or seden- ture years. tary work the best form of relaxation is some good So also in the fields of literature, art, music, law, hard out-door exercise. Fresh air and sunlight are and politics, the same is true. At forty-five the indivi- great health givers, and should not be neglected. dual has just made a good start. It is interesting to 3. Temperance in all things. note that the men chosen to fill the highest office in 4. A periodic and thorough check-up by a com- government are usually past forty-five at the time they petent physician. assumed office. In fact, the first forty-five years of life More intelligent thought should be given to the have been a preparation for the life-work, as Rabbi prevention of illness. It is not enough to make an Ben Ezra puts it: effort to abide by the most common laws of nature, but a person at this mature age of which we are "Grow old along with me! speaking should have some clear and sensible ideas The best is yet to be, of prophylaxis. We know today that vitamin defi- The last of life, for which ciency opens the door to disease. This can be avoided the first was made: now simply by swallowing regularly a little capsule Our times are in His hand which contains all five of the vitamins. In a very few Who saith, 'A whole I planned, years there will doubtless be more vitamins to add to Youth shows but half ; trust God: the list. see all, nor be afraid!' " 20 THE HERALD OF HEALTH, AUGUST 1961 ugh

It's fun, it's a joy — a bath with LIFEBUOY Soap ! What a lively, tingling feeling of freshness ! And that rich LIFEBUOY lather washes away the germs In dirt — everyday dirt that you cannot avoid picking up. It's a healthy life with LIFEBUOY — for the whole family !

Where there's LIFEBUOY there's health ! L. 26.X52 A HINDUSTAN LEVER PRODUCT

THE HERALD OF HEALTH, AUGUST 1961 21 HE human body is "fearfully and wonderfully made," said King David. Let us take a few T moments to consider its wonderful mechanism. We are sure that as you visualize this wonderfully- made human mechanism from head to foot, you will agree that it is indeed a complex living machine. Located in the head or skull is a very important EATING for recording machine, which is also the controlling centre for the functioning of all other organs in the body. In the thoracic cavity is a strong pair of bellows which makes possible the continued supply of oxygen needed to oxidize the food we eat. The stomach and other digestive organs together make up a grinding and churning machine by means of which our food is split into its simplest form and is made ready for absorp- tion in the body. The kidneys are the filters which eliminate the waste from the system. All these delicate and vital organs or machines are protected by a framework of steel-like structures called bones. Defect in any one organ not only affects all the other organs, but affects the mind and spirit as well. These delicate machines are made up of muscle, bone and nerve. When all these organs function harmoniously according to nature's laws the body will enjoy good health. Since good health is sought and desired by all, care and skill must be used in the choice and preparation of food with which to guard that health. One should select food that will aid in the growth and development of the body. By the same token, one should eliminate those foods that would injure or destroy the vital body processes. Before we consider the correct rules of eating, let us consider the organs that constitute the digestive tract. The mouth is the first of the digestive organs. In it are located the teeth, tongue and salivary glands. Next is the gullet through which food passes into the stomach. From here the stomach contents pass into the small intestine where most of the digestion and absorption take place. The large intestine is the last part of the digestive tract. ,. Food must be chewed well so th digestive juices will be mixed with the food an thereby aid in digestion. ors it swallowed should big

by

Sr. JANOBI MURRAY, B. Sc., R. N. R. N. M.

TILE HERALD OF HEALTH, AUGUST 1961 An extra amount of calcium intake is essential for growing children, expectant mothers and those who are nursing their infants. South Indians, whose staple food is rice, should remember that rice is very low in calcium. Ragi and wheat have more calcium than has rice. A good supply of calcium, however, may be obtained from green leafy vegetables. Good sources of calcium are amaranth, beet root, cluster beans, ragi, black gram, red gram and milk. HE LTH Proteins, iron, vitamin C, vitamin B and folic acid are necessary to keep the body in a healthy condition. Egg yolk is the best source of iron for children. Other rich sources of iron are dried fruits, raisins, dates, green leafy vegetables, amaranth, and radish tops. chewed and mixed to the consistency of cream. In a Another mineral necessary for growth and devel- normal individual it takes about fourteen hours after opment is phosphorus, obtainable in milk, eggs, whole eating to digest and eliminate a single meal. It requires grains, dahls and nuts. Great care must be taken to about twice as much time for a subnormal individual. see that these valuable food essentials are not wasted. Though eating is essential to life, overeating must Food is wasted by: 1. Milling and polishing be avoided. Much disease is a result of overeating and cereals. 2. Removing edible skin and rind. 3. Excessive other faulty dietary habits. cooking in open vessels. 4. Using soda or baking pow- Overeating weakens the stomach; consequently, der in the foods. disease and other evils follow. Eating too little is also undesirable. Many of us eat the food we want and do The best way to cook vegetables is to cut them in not stop to think whether or not it is good for health. large pieces to prevent loss of food essentials, put them Correct eating habits should be established from early into a small amount of boiling water and cook as infancy. If this has not been done, it is not too late to quickly as possible in a covered vessel. Cook greens in correct the defects later although it may be a bit diffi- an uncovered vessel. Cook potatoes unpeeled, and eat cult. It takes will power to do what is right, but it is the skin once in a while so as to benefit by minerals worthwhile to exercise the will if we want to enjoy life close to the skin. By steaming or undercooking, the to the fullest. food values are more apt to be preserved. The adding Our society would be entirely different if every of tamarind juice to vegetables for flavour helps to individual would bring under control of reason and preserve the vitamins, but if cooked too long it hardens religion his appetite and passions. People who possess the vegetables and makes them difficult to digest. good eating habits are rewarded with mental and Since tamarind juice also destroys the green colour of moral strength, and have control of their passions. the vegetable, it should be added only toward the end There are a few people who have one day in the week of the cooking. set apart for semi-fasting. It would be a good practice It is well to remember that condiments and spices for all normal, healthy individuals to have at least one irritate the stomach and tend to cause gastritis, colitis, semi-fast day during the week. This has an excellent ulcers, and damage to the kidneys. Those suffering rejuvenating effect on the organs of digestion and with kidney disease, stomach ulcers, acid stomachs, elimination. overweight and epilepsy should use salt very sparingly. For growth and development of body structures, Eating between meals is a bad practice that minerals, such as calcium, iron and phosphorus, are disturbs and interferes with digestion. needed. Calcium, an important part of bones and teeth, is necessary for clotting of blood and for nerv- Meals should be at regular intervals, and if three ous tissue. In order for calcium to be fully utilized, an meals are taken during the 24 hrs. the night meal adequate amount of vitamins C and D is required. should be a light one. The quantity and kind of food Vitamin C is abundant in sour fruits and vegetables, to be taken will depend on the health condition of the while vitamin D is found in yellow foods and in sun- individual, his age, sex, occupation and climate. An- light. In Southern Asia there is no difficulty in obtain- other essential is to have a cheerful environment at ing an adequate amount of vitamin D. Insufficient mealtimes. Happiness at mealtime will aid in diges- calcium supply may result in stunted growth, rickets, tion and will stimulate the appetite. Vary the prep- and in extreme cases, knock-knees, bow legs, pigeon arations, and serve in such a way that everything is chest and other bone deformities. clean, colourful and appetizing. THE HERALD OF HEALTH, AUGUST 1961 23 Body

Fluid

Mary Catherine Noble, R.N., R.PT. Balance

LL OF US are curious to some degree. We want to Aknow why. More often than not, when the why has been ex- plained we are much more willing to co-operate than before. A great big why in the mind of many patients and some nurses is about body fluid balance. Why is it necessary for one patient to drink only a limited amount and essen- tial for the nurse to insist, cajole, and encourage another patient to take more fluids? The reason for fluid intake goes back to the simple building block of the body, the cell. Man is some- times called an aquatic being, meaning that one of the largest constituents of the body is water. Each cell has water as a basis for its construction. A large percentage of the blood and the plasma is water. Each cell is nourished by the materials brought to it by the blood in its travels through the body. This is why the Bible says: "The life . . . is in the blood." Besides the intracellular fluids (fluids in the cells) and the blood, extracellular fluids (fluids outside the cells) are largely made up of water. 24 The body is so adjusted that it this means measuring the amount EDITORIAL maintains a nice balance between of urine excreted from the body by (Continued from p. 5) the kidneys. Sometimes it may the fluids we take in and the fluids and he was too mean to teach we lose through the kidneys, the mean measuring other fluids lost them his own secret of success in intestines, the sweat glands, and the from the body such as fluids or growing corn. He was known in lungs. This balance is maintained material vomited. The importance his neighbourhood as a tight-fisted by the nervous system and by hor- to the doctor of an accurate record crank who had little love for any- mones the body produces. If we of fluids taken in and fluids excret- one. Each day the breezes wafted drink large amounts of water, an ed cannot be overestimated. the pollen from his neighbours' adjustment is made and more Six to eight glasses of fluid or scrubby corn over to his own fluid is excreted. If we are thirsty, water daily is still considered a this is a signal for more fluids. good average for health. Explain- cherished patch. After a time some- thing went wrong. His corn did Medical research has been un- ing to the patient in a simple way not take the prize that year. In able to find any other body the reasons for restricting water vain did he consult the "Farmer's mechanism than thirst for letting intake on such a programme is es- Guide." Fruitless were his efforts the person know that the organism sential for his co-operation. to get new suggestions from the needs more fluid. In illness the Remove the temptation for him Department of Agriculture. desire or ability to take fluids is to drink too much, by figuring often impaired or lacking. The how much water or fluid he will One morning this farmer was patient needs to be encouraged to get with his meals and subtract seen loading a cart with his cherish- drink. that from the allowed total. Spread ed seed corn. His wife, never hav- Chemical substances such as the remaining ration throughout ing seen such a sight, ventured to sodium and potassium are normally the day, allowing a glassful for ask him where he was going. Help- suspended in very small amounts morning and a glassful for lessly he growled, "Over to the in body fluids. Called electrolytes, afternoon or evening. neighbours to give them some prize they help maintain the chemical For the person who needs to corn." acid-base balance of the body. drink freely but has no desire, This man was forced to accept They often form part of the solu- choose drinks he likes, such as the unwelcome fact that the health tions given by vein when patients fruit juice (not too sweet) or of his corn was bound up with that in hospital are very ill and unable lemonade. Some people prefer hot of every other corn-patch. He con- to maintain an adequate intake by drinks and others prefer cold. If cluded that the only way he could mouth. They are found normally possible, cater to that preference. ensure his own success was to help in a well-balanced diet. his neighbours also on the way to We must be certain that the success. Sometimes the physician will re- liquids offered to the patient or In order for me to protect my strict fluids. Perhaps the cells of wanted by him are allowed by the own family against disease I will the body are literally drowning in physician. Iced drinks are much fluid; they are waterlogged. An ex- have to educate my neighbours to more easily tolerated than hot dispose properly of their garbage ternal evidence of this waterlog- drinks by a child who has had his ging is swelling, called oedema by and to take proper health precau- tonsils removed. On the other tions. Little comfort indeed for me the doctor. It may be noticed in hand, a person may desire great the face, the ankles, the fingers. It to get inoculated against typhoid quantities of hot coffee or tea; but and then to get stricken with dys- may be noticed in the lower part they might prove harmful to him. of the back over the sacrum in a entery because I was too proud or Chipped ice is often tolerated too negligent to help others. patient who is confined to bed. The by the very ill, and iced ginger ale salt intake of such a person may Are you seeking a worthy cause will agree with the stomach when for which to live or to die? Try also be restricted, because salt nothing else is tolerated. This is contains sodium and there may be health—your own and that of why these drinks are often recom- everybody else. too much sodium in the body. mended after surgery. There are also evidences of too Health in its widest aspect has low fluid intake, which the alert Let us remember to: something immortal in it, for the person may observe—dry lips; dry, 1. Explain to the patient the man who has both physical and coated tongue; flushed, dry skin. reasons for encouraging fluid in- mental health cannot avoid a third One of the best ways of checking take or restricting fluid intake. consideration—that of thankful- a patient's balance of fluid is by 2. Find interesting ways of mak- ness to God for His blessings. Yes, comparing his intake of fluid ing it easy for the patient to co- here is something worth living for, against his loss of fluid. Most often operate. a worthy cause indeed.

THE HERALD OP HEALTH, AUGUST 1961 25 Are you raising a juvenile delinquent in your home? If your sense of values is warped, your child may end a criminal, warns America's leading crime authority. We print this because of its value to the Indian parent as well.

Sense of Values

John Edgar Hoover Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation United States Department of Justice

RE THERE any means by explain what the wonderful word which America can ensure home meant to me. Let me repeat A against a continued rise in what I said then: the tragic scourge of juvenile delin- "The architecture and furnish- quency and crime spreading like a ings do not matter. It is people who blot across the face of the nation? make a home. I am certain that there are, just as "As children we accept without I am certain that those means are question the food, clothing, and to be found in the individual home shelter we receive. We are prone and what the home has to offer. I to take for granted those priceless do not have reference to material attributes of living that derive their offerings. value through the fact that they Some years ago I was asked to are freely given. Casually we ac- 26 cept the love, sympathy, under- nate than children who lack father would tell the son, "Sure you standing, encouragement, and faith nothing in material terms but have can do whatever you like. But if which we need to form an insula- had their potential development as you want us to love you, practise tion of security in a world where good citizens prevented by irre- and become a great accordionist." moral advancement does not keep sponsibility and a warped sense of On the basis of news accounts, pace with mechanical achievement. values in their parents. certainly here is emphasis on a This acceptance is to be expected. When I read of such families, false and pathetic set of values. The children reared in such homes I think of that magnificent Roman Every child has the absolute right will also take their responsibilities matron, Cornelia, mother of the to know that his parent loves him and future duties for granted. Gracchi, who when a friend spoke without reservation. The normal of her jewels, kept the woman in "It is the child who has known parental attitude surely is such that talk until her sons returned from little or no real home life who des- no question ever should cross a perately and inarticulately longs school. Who does not remember youngster's mind as to whether Cornelia's famous words as her for the security of a home. Very his parents love him. The assur- probably he cannot communicate sons came to her? "These," she ance of parental love and interest his desires. More often than not said, "are my jewels." is a vital factor in the healthful he is unable to recognize the man- Cornelia's mature sense of values development of the child from a surely must have been reflected in ner in which life has failed him. mental, moral, and physical stand- her sons, whom history later came point. Such assurance does not "Innately aware that he is being to record as great Roman states- come in the form of material gifts. cheated, the neglected child reacts men and reformers. Rather, it is displayed in the under- blindly and convulsively, striking In too many instances today, standing, in companionship, and out at the conventions that sur- even in the training that for want round and check him, yet fail to of a better word I call discipline. give him the basic security that only the true home provides. It On many occasions I have ex- is this compensatory reaction that pressed my belief that the vast we in the law-enforcement profes- majority of causes of juvenile delin- sion are forced to term 'juvenile quency are to be found within the delinquency.' The true lack, of realm of parental control, and that course, lies not in the child but in indifference most often is at the the home." root of the failure to exercise that control. I The key to the mental, physical, am almost certain local and spiritual health of today's authorities would uphold my con- children—and tomorrow's adults— tention that behind almost every case of delinquency there is some is carried in the hands of parents. form of parental failure. This may It always has been and always emphasis is being placed on wrong be reflected in lack of supervision, will be. When the parent has never values. The results, as attested in over-protective attitudes, drunken been imbued with a sound sense every daily paper, are wholly parents, an over-indulgent mother, of values or when under the pres- tragic. a too-strict father, depraved home sures of modern living he loses his Only recently I noted the story conditions, or numerous similar sense of values, it is always the of a youth of twenty who, accord- specific failures. child who suffers. ing to a news report, admitted Too often the parent who wants shooting and killing his parents. I am convinced that many par- to "give his child everything" is Asked what prompted the act, ents fall into habits and attitudes thinking solely in material terms. the young man discharged from a of thought that are detrimental to Too often an excess of the material mental hospital only several months their youngsters without ever being can warp the child's sense of earlier, reportedly replied, "I just aware of the harm they are doing. values, and be more destructive to couldn't take any more from them. Certainly, a system of occasional the building of sound character My father made me practise the self-inspection might make the than actual deprivation. Poverty accordion eight or ten hours a day. parent more objective and aware of does not dictate delinquency, nor I couldn't get out of the house, go his own shortcomings with relation does affluence. It is the sense of out with the girls, play ball, or to his child. values stressed in the home—the anything else." Too often the parent sees in his placing of emphasis—that counts. The news report quoted a child an object for the fulfilment I know of nothing more unfortu- psychiatrist as saying that the of his own frustrated dreams and

THE HERALD OF HEALTH, AUGUST 1961 27 ambitions. He may strive to make on the mind of his child. What is PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS of his son or daughter what he mirrored on your child's mind himself desired to be, meanwhile when he sees the covers blazoned An analysis of circumstances ignoring and frustrating the young- on the shelves at the corner book leading to accidents shows that a ster's legitimate right to choose his store? The cinema ads? What does majority of these can be prevented own field for the future. Or, recog- he hear on the radio? What con- by proper care, supervision and nizing a special talent, he may de- versation does your child overhear? administration. Safety devices such mand too much of the child in the as goggles, masks, veils, eye screens Is cynicism moulding your child's process of developing that talent and guards attached to machines, attitude for tomorrow? Does he see and put him under such a strain should be utilized. Children should violence and cruelty emphasized? that dislike replaces enthusiasm. be properly looked after. decency and honesty ridiculed? Perhaps the unhappiest situation What has he been taught of his Goggles for acetylene and eleetro- is where the child becomes a pawn country? of his God? welders: These goggles should be between quarrelling parents. When fitted with dark lenses of various peace and unity are lacking in the Is he being taught in the home shades depending on the type of home—when one parent uses the to pick and choose, to select true welding done and amperage used. values, to learn what is gold and child as a weapon against the other Mask worn by roller man in steel what is brass? Is he on the strength parent—the damage done to the works: The mask protects the eyes of your example developing a moral youngster is incalculable. and face from pieces of hot scales. code of conduct? Is he turning to The child is the victim when he the Bible as the source of the only A fine silk veil should be used in is allowed to have his own way un- truly successful set of rules by metal trades as a protection against til presently the youthful tyrant which to live? the metallic chips. rules the household. When he en- Goggles protect the eye from ters the disciplined world outside Your children advertise you. fumes of gas. Goggles made of fine the home, when he comes in con- They are the projection of your- wire gauze are used for protection tact with the authority exercised self. Your love, guidance, and com- against heavy chips of flying by his teacher, real trouble begins. panionship are vital to their health- material. The ordinary pressures and disci- ful development mentally, morally, plines of daily life are intolerable and spiritually. Truly, their future Screens on machines: Screens to such a child, simply because in is dependent on the kind of gift fitted on emery wheels would the home he was never exposed to only you can give—their sense of prevent a great number of injuries. them. values. They are specially suitable for Face to face with authority, the works where occasional grinding of youngster rebels, and the teacher tools is done by workmen. If the ACCIDENTS has a problem on her hands. This use of goggles is neglected, the screen would act as an efficient pro- problem may be compounded to (Continued from p. 7 ) the great detriment of the child if tection against small flying particles of emery or steel. the parent assumes the attitude Last year a case was admitted that the teacher is discriminating with the complaints of lachrima- Workmen are reluctant to wear against the youngster. The subse- tion, pain and inability to open the goggles and even those who have quent strife between parent and eyelids. On examination, we found had several corneal injuries will not teacher can be only harmful to the corneal ulcer iridocyclitis and there put on their goggles while grinding child. was history of nail injury. The or turning and it requires a great The heart of today's problem is patient was brought very late and deal of propaganda work on the the development of a sense of in- in spite of best efforts, his eye was part of the safety organization to dividual responsibility in the juve- completely lost. break their old prejudices and nile. This is principally a matter There is another case which was habits. of parental responsibility. It is in admitted recently with history of Chemical Burns: Chemical burns the home that the child is imbued injury from sugar-cane. No proper should be thoroughly washed with with the values and standards by attention was given at that time water. An eye specialist should be which he sets his future course. and when the child was brought to consulted as soon as possible. The moral climate of the home the hospital, he had developed a Infants should not be allowed to today is vital to the world of tomor- sloughing perforated corneal ulcer play with pens, pencils, etc., and row. Each parent should stop to with a prolapse of the iris. His eye their nails should be trimmed prop- think about what is being reflected could not be saved. erly from time to time.

28 THE. HERALD OF HEALTH, AUGUST. 1961 Three wonderful people answered a crippled boy's prayer, and they were the happiest.

JAMUNA'S GERANIUM

"WILL you please buy my gera- "Why, I should think you would that Sudhir's mother was the best nium, sir?" love it very dearly!" woman she ever knew. Well, when The question came in a musi- "Love it! I do love it! It seems she died last year everybody in our cal voice from a girl with a bright just like a part of me." building wanted to adopt Sudhir; so face, dimpled cheeks, and laugh- "Well, my dear, if you love it so you see, he belongs to all of us. He ing brown eyes. As she spoke she much, pray tell me why you want pays his way by selling newspapers, held out a beautiful plant toward to sell it." and no one with good legs can get the gentleman passing by. "Oh, I wouldn't let it go if I around livelier than Sudhir can The gentleman came to a full did not want to help God answer with a crutch. stop, and stood for a second or Sudhir's prayer! Don't you think it "But yesterday his crutch caught two just looking at the merry young splendid to help answer somebody's in a hole in the pavement, broke girl standing there in the bright prayer?" in two, and let him fall. He man- sunshine of that beautiful October "How do you know that I be- aged to get into the house, and day. lieve in prayer?" asked the gentle- was not hurt. Well, last night, just "Have you any objection to tell- man. as I was going to bed, I heard ing me your name?" he asked. "Oh, I'm sure you do; you have Sudhir praying. His room is next "Oh, no, sir! My name is a prayerful look!" to mine, with only a board parti- Jamuna." "Yes, I do believe in prayer," tion between, so I could hear it "What a beautiful geranium you the gentleman answered. "Now all. Oh, I shall never forget his have there!" tell me who Sudhir is." words as he said: "Isn't it lovely?" A joyous look came into the girl's " 'Dear Lord, I've never com- "Indeed, it is the finest I've ever face, and her large bright eyes plained about my broken hip, and seen. Where did you get it?" shone with delight. I am willing to go through life with "About three years ago a lady "What? Sudhir? Oh, he's the it, but I can't get on without a left a little geranium slip on the nicest and best little fellow in all crutch. I've no money to get an- seat in a bus. I took it home, got the city! Why, he is goodness, sun- other, and I don't know who to the richest dirt I could find, put shine, and music all in one lump. ask, so please, dear Lord, send me it in this old paint tin, and then Someone let him drop when he was another one. Mother always told set the slip in it, and it began grow- quite young, and broke his hip, and me to go to You when I was in ing right away. I've given it plenty ever since he has been a cripple. trouble, and so I come now. Please, of water to drink and kept it in the But his leg is the only crooked sunshine as much as possible." thing about him. My mother says (Continued on p. 34) THE HERALD OF HEALTH, AUGUST 1961 29 ....YOU'RE WRONG,. says Mrs. R. R. Prabhu, D/8, Utti011 House, Mahim, Bombay 16. 'And when it comes to clothes... Housewives find there's 'Now I wash all his clothes with SUNLIGHT— and he's happy! nothing like pure, mild So am I: SUNLIGHT lathers wonderfully, makes my work so light! SUNLIGHT tO care for clothes. 'And everything I wash comes up so white and bright—really So will you. clean! Nothing but SUNLIGHT for mel'

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1. This question and answer service is free the doctor is not available through this service. 6. Make questions short and to the point. only to regular subscribers. 4. Questions to which personal answers are Type them or write them very clearly. 2. No attempt will be made to treat disease desired must be accompanied by ADDRESSED 7. Questions and answers will be published nor to take the place of a regular physician AND STAMPED ENVELOPES. Answers cannot only if they are of such nature as to be of in caring for individual cases. be expected under ONE MONTH. general interest and without objection, but so names will be published Address "The Doctor 3. All questions must be addressed to The 5. Questions sent in on Post Cards will not Answers," Herald of Health, P. 0. Box 35. Doctor Answers. Correspondence personally with receive attention. Poona I, India. 30 THE HERALD OF HEALTH, AUGUST 1961 (See facing page for information about this service) IS GRAYING OF THE HAIR Ans.—There are many reasons why Ans.—The feeling of tension, asso- HEREDITARY? Ques.—My wife, one should be troubled by a more or ciated with headache is often a sign just 18 years old, has some gray hair. less continuous cold. There may be of nervousness or of neurasthenia. Her father's hair was completely gray abnormalities in the nose, blockage of The treatment often has to resort to when he was only 13. Her younger the nose, nasal polyps or some other tranquillizers besides regulation of brother also seems to be sprouting condition, which may cause it. In dietary and general habits. It is a gray hair. Is this hereditary? Is there the absence of such anatomical mistake to think that tranquillizers any treatment for it? changes or abnormalities, an allergic weaken the nerves. They rather give condition may be present. In the first the nerves the necessary relaxation Ans.—Graying of the hair is usu- case, correction of abnormalities which they otherwise may not get in ally seen after middle age but there would be advisable. In the second a busy life. are many people who develop it much case, there may be a lack of resistance I cannot give advice regarding earlier. Coming at the age of 13 is against upper respiratory infections, indeed unusual and the fact that your medicated Brahmi oil as the term which may subject the person to fre- "medicated "does not in the least in- wife's father and brother have pre- quent colds. In that case, a prolonged mature gray hair is an evidence that dicate what medicines it contains. treatment by the doctor may improve it is of hereditary nature. It is quite the situation. If necessary, a special- Nervousness, nervous tension and likely that some of your offspring ist in ear, nose and throat diseases neurasthenia do not require electric- may suffer the same way. As far as should be consulted to give his opin- shock treatment. Electric-shock is in- investigation has gone no one has ion on the case. dicated in cases of schizophrenia found the secret of gray hair and and some other personality-changing neither has anyone found the cure. 9 psychoses, not in psychoneurosis. Vitamins have not had any effect. INFANTILE PARALYSIS: Ques. May be you should get yourself Plucking of the hair will have no examined by a competent doctor to beneficial result. —My nephew, aged 5, is suffering from infantile paralysis. His left arm determine exactly your condition and The most important thing for one is becoming thin and weak. The civil suggest the treatment, so that you to do is to change his attitude to- surgeon gave him injections of B, and are not left wholly to your specula- ward gray hair. It is not unsightly. Bn but this did not help. What do tions. In fact it is very becoming even in a you suggest? young person. The important thing Ans.—Infantile paralysis or polio- is to get plenty of outdoor exercise, myelitis will frequently cause perma- fresh air, sunlight, rest and content- nent paralysis of any set of muscles EOSINOPHILES IN THE BLOOD: ment and see to it that a wide variety in the body. If the paralysis is to sub- Ques.—Is the presence of eosino- of food is taken. It may be well to side, it should do so within a few philes in the blood over 10 per cent point out that the aging process is en- weeks although many times improve- abnormal? Is any treatment for it hanced by the use of saturated fats. ment continues up to two years. I do by my physician necessary? These are the fats from animal not know how long it has been since sources and those that have been Ans.—The presence of eosinophiles your nephew had his acute attack, in the blood over 10 per cent is ab- saturated such as Margarine. Oils but it doubtless is over the acute normal. In asthma it may go to from vegetable sources are good as phase. You should have a competent 30%, but in eosinophilia it may go long as they are in liquid form, but if physiotherapist massage the muscles from there up to 80%. Anything over they have been rendered hard by the to try to stimulate and strengthen factory they are as bad as animal 10% is abnormal and should be in- the remaining cells. You may be vestigated. Asthma is a disease in fats. Melting them does not make able to find a physiotherapist in them any better. Saturated fats cause which the individual is sensitive to some large centre near your home. something in the air and responds by hardening of the arteries, and this is Injections of B1 and B12 do not im- the main symptom of aging. We do a spasm in the small muscles in the prove this condition. lungs making it difficult to either not know if this has anything to do inhale or exhale or both. Tropical with the graying of the hair or not. 9 eosinophilia is not so well understood, NERVOUS TENSION: Ques.—I but is thought to be an infection of am suffering from neurosis. My an organism like hookworm that CONTINUOUS COLD: Ques.—I nerves become tense during the after- never gets beyond the lungs. It should am a boy of 17. I am in good health noon. Ramtirth or other medicated definitely be treated by your physi- except for an "everlasting cold" Brahmi oils give me temporary re- cian, and you should be watched which has been troubling me for the lief. I wish to know whether these carefully while under treatment. If last two years. I have tried in vain oils will weaken my nerves as tran- untreated it causes a chronic cough many medicines. Please advise me quillizers and sedatives do. Will elec- that is both irritating and harmful to what I should do about it. tric-shock treatment help? the lungs.

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32 THE HERALD or HEALTH, AUGUST 1961 Scieftee oof de Vtaftd

Radioisotopes Used to Predict many lives, it would not always be Food Preservation Without Heart Disease successful. Refrigeration It is hoped that fibrinolysin will A method that may make it pos- also be helpful in other ailments be- A new freeze-drying technique sible to predict a person's suscepti- sides heart conditions that involve known as "sublimation" has been bility to heart attacks, even when no blood clots. Among these are phlebi- developed in Britain. symptoms of such a condition are tis, an inflammation of a vein, to Experiments in accelerated freeze- evident, has been developed by Dr. which young mothers are sometimes drying of food were first carried out Philip Johnson, an American physi- subject. in the laboratories of the British Min- cian. —U.S.I.S. istry of Agriculture at Aberdeen, Scot- Dr. Johnson injects radioisotopes land. Almost Everyone Has Had Low- The results have been tested in all into the heart to test the rate at Grade Cancer, Surgeon Says which the blood flows through it. In sorts of climates, and it means food a diseased heart, the blood flow is Almost everyone has had cancer can be wrapped in a polythene bag, decreased by as much as 50 per during his lifetime, says Dr. George taken into the tropics, and still retain cent, he says. T. Pack, surgeon at Cornell Univer- its freshness without the need for any The need for a simple diagnostic sity medical school. other normal methods of refrigera- device in this field has been very Many people live and die with tion. great. At present the determination of cancer without ever knowing they Another advantage of food pre- blood flow in a diseased heart in- have been afflicted, he contends. Man served by this method is ease of volves a somewhat hazardous and ex- apparently has an immunity factor storage. Accelerated freeze-dried foods pensive procedure which requires the that protects him against a full- often weigh less than one-sixth of the installation of tubes or catheters into blown attack of cancer, just as anti- original; the food is reconstituted al- the heart. Dr. Johnson says that his bodies fight the entry of other dis- most immediately by immersion in method is simple, non-harmful, and eases. water. no more difficult to do or to interpret An immunity factor found to be Meat, fish, eggs, vegetables, fruit, than a simple X-ray examination. present in the system would open an and even some cooked dishes like —U.S.I.S. entirely new medical attack on the meat and vegetable curries are all problem, he points out. listed suitable for accelerated freeze- Enzyme Found Effective —Science Digest. drying. B. I. S. Against Dangerous Blood Electric Anaesthesia Used in Clots U. S. Semi-conductor Thermometer Dr. Eugene E. Clifton of the Cor- Electricity has been successfully You merely have to touch the body nell University Medical College in the used on two patients to produce with one end of this thermometer, United States has succeeded after a anmsthesia during surgical opera- and the needle on its dial will im- seven-year study in isolating an tions, The Journal of the American mediately show the right temperature. enzyme which may be the long- Medical Association has reported. Its pinpoint end is so small that, if needed substance that dissolves It is believed that these two cases need be, one can measure the tem- human blood clots that have formed are the first in which controlled elec- perature of a fly's eye. These proper- and threaten death. tric current has been used as an ties make it possible to use the semi- The enzyme, which is found in hu- anmsthetic in any usccessful major conductor thermometer for biological man blood, is called fibrinolysin. surgery, according to the authors of research. The new thermometer has While Dr. Clifton and his associates the report. They say that two advan- also been approved by medical work- have given injections of fibrinolysin tages of the use of electricity are the ers, and with slight modifications the to only 45 men and women suffering rapid recovery of the patients and new instrument will be used for the from critical heart ailments, 39 sur- the absence of after-effects from the investigations of the internal organs vived. The remaining six were in a anmsthesia. The method warrants fur- of the human body. state of shock or of a hopeless heart ther study, they believe. The new semi-conductor thermome- condition before appearing for treat- The operations for which the elec- ter was designed by Leonid Sterin, re- ment. tric method was used were performed search worker of the Laboratory of Dr. Clifton said recently that in- at the University Hospital of the Automation and Remote Control, jections of fibrinolysin would usually University of Mississippi Medical Mining Institute, Siberian Branch, be given only in an emergency, and Centre at Jackson, Mississippi. USSR Academy of Sciences. that although the enzyme might save —U.S.I.S. —USSR. I. S.

THE HERALD OF HEA.1.111, AUGUST 1961 33 dear Lord, answer my prayer, "Oh, you splendid man, you! HEADACHE ORIGIN Amen.' " I'll be glad to do it, and I'll take The little girl went on with her just as good care of the plant as SHOULD a headache be your story after taking a deep breath. I did when it was mine." problem, the cause may well be "I lay awake a good while think- The gentleman carried the plant, outside your head. About 90 per ing of that prayer, and it was the while Jamuna carried the crutch; cent of headaches result from con- first thing I thought of this morn- and after reaching the house, ditions elsewhere in the body, says ing. I began wondering if I could Sudhir was called in to see him, Dr. Adrian M. Ostfeld, University do something to help God answer while Jamuna smuggled the crutch of Illinois College of Medicine, Sudhir's prayer. Well, while I was into his room and came back with Chicago. wondering I saw my geranium, a face as happy as a face could be, Poor ventilation in a room, and then I said, 'Oh, maybe I can but never betraying to Sudhir by which results in imbalance in the sell it and get enough to buy an- word or look that she had been air you breathe, may cause a other crutch.' answering his prayer. headache. "Now you know who Sudhir is, Sudhir has a new crutch, and and why I want to sell my gera- he is the happiest cripple in the big Systemic causes may be a fever nium. Won't you please buy it?" city. Jamuna helped answer his or a skipped meal. Among the The gentleman was greatly prayer, and a happier girl doesn't most common causes is concentra- moved and interested, and there live. tion too long on one task. Whether were tears in his eyes as he asked: The gentleman owns the hand- it be reading, watching television, "How tall is Sudhir?" somest geranium plant there ever or driving a car, your muscles be- "Oh! I have the measure of his was, and the one who takes care come strained. They overcontract, old crutch, if that is what you of it for him is as proud of that and cannot get enough blood. mean." plant as he is. Three happy people Headache may be the result of "Yes, that is just what I mean; —and an answered prayer. releasing a pain substance from so if you please, Jamuna, we'll go —Treasury of Devotional Aids. nerve endings in the scalp at the and see about a crutch." same time arteries in the head It did not take them long to find The Publishers of this Magazine become dilated from one cause or a shop where they could get a another. crutch. The shopkeeper became very Insure Their Motor Cars and much interested in Jamuna's story Property with One of the easiest cures for about Sudhir, too. Just the right headache is relaxation. You may kind of crutch was found, and the The National relax by changing position, turning lowest possible price put upon it. your head, massaging your neck, "Well," said the gentleman, "I EMPLOYERS' or even taking an aspirin. will give you that much for the Interestingly enough, we don't geranium, Jamuna, and it is very Mutual General know how aspirin works but we do cheap at that." know that the old stand-by of "Oh, thank you !" she said, and acetylsalicylic acid does the job. her eyes fairly danced with glad- Insurance Americans take millions of tablets ness. daily to combat tension and head- "I'll take the crutch, please, but Association ache. Sudhir mustn't know a word about One obstacle in studying where it came from. Isn't it just Limited medication for headache relief is splendid to help God answer Head Office for the East: that you can't give a headache to Sudhir's prayer?" 32 Nicol Road, Ballard Estate, a laboratory animal. Research has The gentleman still had tears in Bombay 1. to be done on man. his eyes as he said, "I want you to Telephone: 26-2823 do me a favour, Jamuna. I live Fortunately, most headaches (2 lines) 26-2824 hundreds of miles from here, and are of the tension type, not serious Telegrams: "EMPLOMUTUA" I can't carry this plant around omens. However, a very small Chief Office for Northern India: with me. Would it be too much percentage of headaches may 4 Peareylal Buildings, Queens- trouble for you to keep it for me?" mean brain tumour. Though often Way, New Delhi. "What! Do you want me to take feared by persons with recurring Telephone: 47625 care of it for you?" headache, brain tumour is the "Yes, if you don't mind." iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii cause in only 3 out of 1,000 cases. 34 Tux HERALD OF HEALTH, AUCV9IT 1961 A Professional Finger Points...: The radiograph taken on 'Kodak' X-ray Film is rich in detail, correct in contrast. The 'trouble-spot' exposed, the professional finger points confi- dently—diagnosis complete, correct. `Kodak' Blue Brand X-ray Film and `Kodak' Tested Chemicals are manufac- tured from the finest materials, stored under ideal conditions, and despatched to you factory-fresh. `Kodak' X-ray Film and Tested Chemicals are made to work together to produce radiographs of the finest diagnostic value.

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THE HERALD OF HEALTH, AUGUST 1961 35 COMMONWEALTH INTERCHANGE OF STAFF tries, 307 of them concerned with health and medicine. Britain sup- (Contd. from inside front cover) Under the Colombo Plan New plied more than 50. In addition, Zealand has given assistance to the 1,390 people were sent to the search, the Royal Commonwealth All-India Institute of Medical Sci- donor countries for training in Society for the Blind, the Empire ences and a dental nurses' training medicine and health. I have seen Cancer Campaign, the Empire school in Ceylon, Canada has pro- these trainees in hospitals, clinics, Rheumatism Council, the Red vided cobalt beam therapy units laboratories and universities in Cross Society and the Order of St. for India, and Australia has provid- Britain, Canada, Australia and John. The latest recruit to the list ed Ceylon with equipment for New Zealand. is the Commonwealth Society for tuberculosis hospitals. the Deaf, which went into action But it is on the training side that From these exchanges develop in 1960. The majority of these or- the Colombo Plan has probably the many private links between in- ganizations depend for most of achieved its most dramatic results. dividuals that are as valuable in their support on private subscrip- By March 1960, 1,497 experts had their own way as is conference co- tions and personal effort. been supplied by the donor coun- operation at high level.

TRAINING SKILLED PERSONNEL

There is considerable co-opera- tion in the training of skilled per- sonnel. Scholarships and training courses of every type are provided through a number of channels. Last year more than 1,600 medical students from all over the Com- monwealth were training in Brit- ain. The Colombo Plan has been active here, offering scholarships for training not only in Britain, but in Australia, New Zealand and Canada. The Nuffield Foundation and some private organizations mentioned above provide scholar- ships for study and research in various health fields. These organ- izations also carry on their work of training in oversea territories. For example, the Royal Common- British-made Electronic Stethoscope wealth Society for the Blind has carried out surveys which have led to the establishment of clinics in The Soniscope, a highly sensitive An electronic stethoscope for group use in hospitals has also been de- many territories, the Leprosy Relief electronic stethoscope developed by a British company, was demonstrated veloped recently. This new instrument Association initiated the Nigeria known as Amplivox Multi-Channel at the 45th Physical Society Exhi- Leprosy Service Research Unit and Stethoscope enables up to seven per- bition in London recently. the Nuffield Foundation gave a sons to engage in simultaneous aus- grant to Kenya to set up a health cultation on a single patient. It has The instrument, which will be exhib- particular application in teaching and husbandry family training cen- ited at the British Trade Fair in when each student, using his normal tre. Moscow this May, uses a piezo- acoustic stethoscope applied to one Not only doctors, but dentists, electric crystal contact microphone in of the six "artificial chests" mounted conjunction with a printed-circuit on the instrument, can listen to the nurses, midwives, and every type transistorised amplifier. The amplifier heart sounds and murmurs at the of medical auxiliary are given the is powered by dry batteries which same time as the consultant in charge. opportunity of training. have an effective "Life" of 150 hours. —B.I.S.

Registered No. B-1886. Pak. No. L-5668.