The one great rule We will serve no of composition is to group or party but ,e,('‘ • oP will hew hard to speak the truth. the truth as we find it and the right as — O'rxas Otairrurr . T hr 6.-'9'1') c\, we see it. 0-`-' An Independent Liberal Weekly Newspaper

Vol. 47 , NOVEMBER 23, 1955 10c per copy No. 31 IN THE SHADOW ... Eight People Live in Three Rooms With No Glass in the Windows, Two Minutes from the Capitol Grounds ALTS1 IN Austin,' City of. the Muse, City of the Doges, is also a city_of slum and - Slums of Texas—IV blight equalled in Texas only by 'San Antonio, City of the Sun. shacks, privies, and abandoned frame Within- a two-minute walk of the houses. Some of them P r e on the spreading lawns of the Capitol edge of an unauthorized dumping pit full of, tires and garbage. Vincent grounqS, eight people live in three '- SancheZ,-who haS three children— rooms ••with. wood for heat and no two, three, and five years old—com- glass in the windows. plained to the .city when he smelled On up the same street a Mexican'' a dead dog one morning, and it was Mother keeps her four children in two taken away ; but noi:hing has been_done rooms with.. wide cracks between the about the dump. floorboards; a. hole cut in the wall for • Drive out West Twelfth, and where a kitchen window, and slats of rotted • the pavement ends, the blight begins. wood, supported by rocks, for . back- Austin has 40.0 miles of unpaved Staff Photo door steps. roads compared to 200 miles that are EAST AUSTIN SHACKS AND THE STATE CAPITOL Across Montopolis bridge, along the paved.) Here is a run-down section A View of the Capitol From San Marcos and Ninth Streets river ridge, is a hideous melange of of old frame houses, some in fair condition, some in • splinters. The Negro school, like most slum schools, is •an old-frame structure. The most concentrated .'slums are in East. Austin; where the' NegroeS The Senior Senator's Thinking Here in 1954 occurred 220 of the city's 386 cases of tuberculosis, 12 of THE JOHNSON RANCH Not Against Any Candidate, "enthusiaStically" and will do so again the 13 deaths from it, because. of the if he is nominated, but that he is not close quarters the people live in, the Senator Johnson is busy " these He Plans a Middle Policy days with the repair. of a stopped-up backing anyone. It is even possible poor sanitation, and the low educa- plumbing system, the construction that Johnson prefers Stevenson as tional level. hower's popularity to the Democrats. more moderate than Estes: Kefauver of a guest house, and some - There are strips of blight and slum read just-. It is possible that tie junketing scribes or Averell Harriman. in South Austin. too, depending on meats in the minds of newspaper- have had politics • on their minds so what your definition- is,. • whether much of late, they translated John- There have been explanations of men. These tasks woilld work an yottre . 4, city. plani_ er . or. the man who ordinary man full time„, but,..th ma- _son'S policy. plans. into political 'pthns. how the anti-Stevenson coalition ...got - started. William White • of The New lives . there. jorityty leader must also cope with • One gets the impression that John- City planners Make a. nice distinc- son is appalled by the thought of York Times came to the ranch as a political, business, and labor leaders. social guest, declaratively not for a, tion . between "blight" and "slum." who yvant to talk to him about poli- "blocking" anyone (Adlai Stevenson Blight- means "on the way to becom- has been mentioned). It would weaken Story. Presidential politics was scarce- tics and policies. He will be return= ly mentioned, but as Johnson pre-• ing slums." It is. of course, a 'matter his Senate leadership, for one thing. of opinion what, is blight and what is ing to 'Washington Dec. 13 for a For another, • he points to his state- pared to take White, another reporter, foreign policy conference with the and -a Republican guest to the plane, slum—but if this is blight in Austin, ment when Stevenson was his ranch what must slums be like? President. guest that he supported him in 1952 (Continued on Page 3) The Senator is not talking for quo- - ONE OF ,THE CHIEF tation, but reporter after reporter re- custodians Of shun property in Austin turns from an eve 'neath the live oaks is Harrison:Wilson-Pearson, realtOrs. by the Pedernales his mind well Announcin' Time You find,their "for -rent" signs on stocked with certain views and in- paintless shacks with broken windows terpretations, AUSTIN tions to his campaign were -solicited and pouched-out screens. On East For : a goOd while - now national- Announcing time is nearing for in the paper. -- Tenth,. for instance, one hOtise for rent - newspapermen have been reporting the men who want..to be governor • : It is understood that certain ob- by. them has no 'glass in the windows that the majority leader is planning of Texas. jections have made to the mailing arid no steps at the .back -porch. To a Southern, Or Southern-Western, or James P. Hart,: asked when he out of this ._.enter from the - reat- you have to hoist "moderate," or "centerist" coalition would make up his mind about Senator has said he yourself up by a board that's loose against a liberal candidate at the na- Making the race, said : "I'll, Make will wait until after Jan. 1 to make onto a rotten floor that gives tinder tional Democratic convention. This some announcement by the_first of up his mind about • the g-overndr's your Weight. has irked him considerably, • especially the year, possibly sooner." Friends 'race. Ben Ramsey, Lieutenant Gov- . All along this toad and 'elsewhere since he spent a lot of time with Don of .Hart say lie will make-the race. ernor and•now national Democratic throughout the city one finds low- :Whitehead of the -AP recently only to committeeman, told the Observer .income properties rented by Harrison,. Ralph Yarborough, back in 4.1.is- have Whitehead repeat 'the coalition wryly that his4iew job • doesn't dis- Wilson-Pearson; They do not own the 'tin from a rigorous, week-long busi ness. .qualify him for the governorship. houses, of course, and other agencies • stumping tour of the south plains, Johnson wants the Democrats to be Gov. has said he may handle similar properties. -• told'. the Observer that he had "no .rtin again. ForeSt . Pearson. explains- . that the "moderate" in 1956, to latch onto the decision and no -announcement to In Childress,.YarboroUgh'S conn- firm's responsibility' for these houses "peace • and _prosperity" eMphaSis of. . make." Friends say he does not re- •ty-campaign manager in . 1954 and varies with the owner. Some delegate the Csenhower Administration in-the gard the timing Of announcements hope of transferring some of Eisen- -Shivers's co-campaign manager all authority and .others permit no im- as very important.- • .. there announced they are .support- provements' at all without. their per- - Another candidate for loyalist in,?- petitions asking Daniel to run.. mission; even in emergencies (like support, John White, Commissioner -one report in Austin. was that rusted-out hot water heaters). Some- The Whitney Speech of Agriculture, • was examining a Senator Rogers Kelley of Edifiburg .' times the realtor has to consult a mort- reporter's --sweater last week. "Nice said to Ramsey : "I can't see both gage,. company as well before an im- WHITNEY sweater;" he 'said. "Might you, an you and Price . (Daniel) in the provement can be made. As this edition went to press, nounce for governor soon ?" the re- race." Ramsey, is said to have -re Perhaps this explains - why one ten- Senator Johnson told a. throng at pOrter asked. White smiled. "Nice plied "I .can't see Price . in the ant with six children in three rooms Whitney that he will support a con- sweater," he said. race." said she asked •a man at Harrison- stitutional amendment abolishing the' Senator Jimmy Phillips practical- Senator Ottis Lock will not run .-' Wilson-Pearson to put glass in the poll tax in the. next Congress. He will ly,' announced last week by c_ o-. against Shivers or Daniel ; 'Ramsey windows and,..she said, he• told her if alsO urge a tax revision for -low- operating with publication of .a would not run against Shivers and she didn't like it the'way it was -they income groups and a medical research special - , edition of the Angleton - probably Would not oppose Daniel ; would get another tenant. . and hospital construction program.' Times 'urging him to run. The is- nor. is - .it likely. that Daniel would ',Upgrading a property, Pearson He said the Democratic Party, "the sue, "put out by a, -committee" • of. - run.-against Shivers or Ramsey, says, 'is "very difficult." party with a heart," will win in 1956; Angleton men and women, carries Atty: Gen. "The man who owns that property that it should include instead of ex- ten_pictures• of Phillips in its eight has been a gubernatorial prospect, perhaps is quite sensitive 'about it al- dude people; and that it should lie pages. but he has ,not hinted ,at his _1956 readA" • Pearson said. "He doesn't "the least partisan and the most path- Phillips's _platform, the issue H„ Thornton, chairman of ask you to criticize or run down what otic" party. He said he is not a candi- says, will be inore:.state hoSpitals, ,the Highway Commission, has' been he has brought yOu." date' "of any description for. any of-,. More land scandal inquiry, -. a presi- -mentioned by some' • observers. Pearson says Austin .doesn't really- flee in 1956.}' dential primary, higher • teachers' Wright Morrow, former national have shuris—though there are "some The Whitney event will be reviewed Salaries, paid, prisOn parole' super- Democratic committeeman, appar- pretty--run-down shanties." He pointed fully next week. and traffic safety. Contribu- ently has no designs -on the office. ' • (Continued- on Page '5) . Let those flatter who fear, it is not an American art. —JEFFERSON

CoJ4 JoineadJ .Toll roads, says our state's chief of tax, soak 'em with more costly, executive, are from three to ten toll roads. times as expensive to the people as Higher sales taxes on gasoline 411149mkim, have been resisted by the Legisla- free, •public superhighways, built by t INSO C ture and the people because it is in liPN' 'NV Y the State. But, he says, the people the public interest to build more • will .pay a toll and they don't like public roads out of general revenue, gasoline taxes, so toll roads are what the tax income . the State obtains we need. from various sources, including na- We will let' pass the implication, tural resources and general corpora- • startling because it comes from tions. the Governor, that, a government en- The Governor dares to say that terprise is cheaper for the people because he can't get his sales taxes than a private enterprise. What con- through, he is going to foster roads. cerns us are two further implica- three to ten times as expensive ! This tions of the Governor's position : is the height of irresponsible leader- first, that the only way to pay for ship. He may as well say that he is public roads is by sales taxes on opposed to the kind of taxation the gasoline; and second, if the people people prefer and that lie is going to don't agree to this particular kind punish them for their preference.

5he .7unclamentai r• -Aged trtzerti Democratic politics is a wondrous A report by the Legislative thing in Texas. Shivers, Johnson, Budget Board affirms that many and Rayburn picked Ramsey. people are confined to Texas mental Ramsey says he will support the institutions merely because they are `"wasionisossOf old and the State has no other place Democratic nominees ; Shivers says to put them. It must be a terrible he will not. Rayburn says he wants judgment to be consigned to a place a delegation pledged to the nomi- for psychotics in your declining nees; Skelton says Ramsey does, Bartlett Appears Exclusively in The Texas Observer years. too; Shivers doesn't and implies The basic reason for this unjust confinement of the healthy aged is Ramsey doesn't, either. The Demo- the tmwillingness'of the Legislature cratic Advisory Council accepts to provide adequate funds for their Ramsey with reservations, so Skel- Express Hits Influence Peddling care, either by relatives or in state ton wires the national committee homes for the aged. The report is that the D.A.C. has endorsed Ram- AUSTIN And all of these things are quite, timely and should become a sheet in sey, but that this is not meant as a An editorial iu the San Antonio Ex- legal ,under our indulgent laws. the sheaf of reforms that Texas hug for Shivers. Johnson wants only press has called for lobbyist regula- Equally bad, our billion-dollar state needs. one Texas delegation, but what do tion and a general conflict-of-interest agen- you do with Shivers ? statute to reform "a state government business is handled by some 200 that literally invites corrupt cies, boards and commissions which -Art -4preciation• All of which goes to show that structure - enjoy an astounding degree of irre- Jefferson was absolutely right that practices." Recently - the Co r p u s It is not customary for an editor sponsibility. State tax Money pours the people are the only safe reposi- Christi Caller also called for a lobby- into 160 separate funds over which to write of one of his directors, but tory of power. ist control law in Austin, The Ob- there is only superficial central con- server has campaigned for such a law nevertheless we must write of Mrs. trol. R. D. Randolph. She lives and and has reported at length on lobbyist works and sacrifices for the real ob- practices, retainers, and conflict of in- Some of those independent admin- jects of her pure idealism. Her sup- A Southern Subversive? terest situations. istrative bodies are supposed to be re- port of this newspaper has been un- Excerpts from the Express editor- sponsible to the Legislature, which. is stinting; she has loved it for its own Senator Richard Russell, the ial Nov. 13 (italics supplied) : in session only a few - months every, two years. idealism, and she has , respected and Georgia • conservative, says that protected its independent identity. Adlai Stevenson will be the next The eyes of the nation are on the Others are appointed by the gover- Nature contrives such a woman once president. -What! Has he been taken nor, but the governor cannot even `Texas scandals.' remove hiS own appointees if he has only in many moons such a one as in by the ADA-CIO-PAC ? Has he Eleanor Roosevelt, such a one as reason to suspect or disapprove of become. the tool of Northern radi- The news networks have reported Frankie Randolph. May she be their management of public affairs. cals and pinkos ? We anxiously one shameful ,revelation after_ another spared the outcries of the canting over the past two years. Look and In addition to theiz main duties, the ones and the weariness of the fight await Governor Shivers's explana- Saturday Evening Post magazines state's seven elected executives—all that is at times so hard to under- tion. have put rehashed exposes in the independent of, and often hostile stand. hands of millions. There will be more. toward, one another—are expected to serve ex officio on more than two Washing our state-government dozen boards. ainter 4' patron Art .-4Mocia linen—dirty with graft, corruption p The result is confusion,duplication, Oilman D. D. Feldman has as- and influence peddling—in ptiblbic is Senator Phillips says the national not pleasant. But it is necessary. . . . irresponsibility, a situation made to sembled a collection of fine Texas magazines have indulged in "sen- order for the 'fixer' and influence _paintings and has financed their ex- sationalism" in reporting the Texas The people of Texas have too long peddler, and scores of places for the hibition and prizes for the judges' tolerated—with disgrace and high cost inside operator to hide while he selections. He has thus given ma- scandals. The senator's recent por- to us all—a state governmental struc- syphons off private gain from the terial encouragement to Texas art- trait, taken as he mugged it up be- ture that literally invites corrupt prac- public's business, ists and should be thanked for it. side a jackass, comes to mind. tices. And as , big Texas government gets We have no laws to curb and con- bigger and bigger, so will the tempta- trol the, wide-open lobbying that over- tions to turn a -fast buck in a slick Mgo Trxas Obstrurr runs the state capitol. deal at the public's expense. We have no general con fict-o f-in- Electing the finest statesmen avail- terests statute to prevent govern- able to state office may ease, but mental officials from serving two cannot solve, the problem, for its NOVEMBER 23, 1955 Staff Correspondents : Rob Bray, Galveston ; Anne Chambers, Corpus Christi ; Ramon Garces, masters, public and private. causes lie deep in the heart of the Laredo ; Clyde Johnson, Corsicana ; 1Vkike Misto- Incorporating The State Observer, combined vich, Bryan ; Jack Morgan, Port Arthur ; and A legislator may accept a fat re- system itself. . with The East Texas Democrat reporters in , , Beaumont, El Paso, Ronnie Dugger, Editor and General Manager Crystal City, and Big Spring. Miner fee from a private pressure In short, Texas urgently needs a re- Staff Contributors : Leonard Burress, Deep group that is financially interested in vised, modernized constitution, with Sarah Payne, Office Manager East Texas ; Minnie Fisher Cunningham, New bills on which that legislator will act Waverley, Bruce Cutler, Austin ; Edwin Sue a clearer separation of powers, coin. Published once a week from Austin, Texas. Goree, Burnet; John Igo, San Antonio ; Franklin on the floor and • iii committee. Delivered postage prepaid $4 per annum. Adver- Jones, Marshall; George Jones, Washington, D.C.: - plete recognition of the best prin- tising rates available on request. Extra copies 10c J. Henry Martindale, Lockhart ; Dan Strawn, ciples of public administration, order- each. Quantity orders available. Kenedy; Jack Summerfield, Austin ; and others. An administrative official may have Entered as second-class matter April 26, 1937, a financial'interest in a private enter- ly lines of authority and fixed re- at the Post Office at Austin, Texas, under the Staff cartoonist: Don Bartlett, Austin. Car- prise in the field which it is his duty sponsibilities. act of March 3. 1879. toonists : Neil Caldwell, Austin ; Bob Eckhardt, Houston ; Etta Hulme, Austin. to regulate. We will serve no group or party but will hew Until that is done, the Texas citi- bard to the truth as we find it and the right MAILING ADDRESS : Drawer F, Capitol Sta- as we see it. We are dedicated to the whole tion, Austin, Texas. A legislator may be a paid lobbyist zen must largely blame himself when truth, to human values above all interests, to the things go wrong at the state capitol. rights of man as the foundation of democracy ; EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS OFFICE: 504 before administrative agencies which we will take orders from none but our own West 24th St., Austin, Texas. Phone 7-0746. know they must consider his vote His is the shame that is in the nation's conscience, and never will we overlook or mis- represent the truth to serve the interests of the HOUSTON OFFICE: 2501 Crawford St., Hous- when their own appropriation bill eyes. powerful or cater to the ignoble in the human ton, Texas (Mrs. R. D. Randolph, director, sub- • conies before the Legislature, $1) spirit. scription drive; Richard Kennedy, field director). able Texas political history of the 1952 campaign for president. I might The Need for Republicans in Texas - - I become partisan. Nonetheless, in pass- ing, I remind that the state chairthan of both the Democratic and the Re.. (Franklin Jones of Marshall here As Jefferson Said, Man Is Naturally Divided into Parties of publican Parties shared_ the same law makes the case for a vigorous Repub- office, and as has . been remarked, the lican Party in Texas and a clearer Aristocracy and Democracy—But Not in Texas Party. In short, here at last was the division of candidates for public of- ultimate perfection of the one party, fice on the issues. The first of two cerely believes in bringing it about by system, lvherein Republicans brazenly, articles.—Ed.) Turner Hall. The cry of the Clarkites protective legislation for and favors to then was not "Save the Tidelands" ran their candidates under the Demo- MARSHALL the higher classes, or to lapse into my but that the Hogg administration had cratic banner, and the Democrats had It is inevitable that there will be language, "them that has gits." driven and was keeping capital from neither party nor leader. Thus did the failure of the national leaders of the 'division of the body politic into par- The basic distinctions outlined nec- the state. Again, "Turn Texas Loose" essarily bring about a positive outlook was the way the Hogg opponents ex- party to recognize and reward the loy- ties. As said in The Federalist : "So on the one hand and a negative one on pressed their real desire to "Turn the alty of those believing in the party, strong is the propensity of mankind the other. It is only natural that the Railroads Loose." In those days, his- principles result in the complete sub- to fall into mutual animosities, that apostles of the status quo should tory suggests that the railroad inter- version of the party. where no substantial occasion pre- gather into the Republican Party and ests in Texas occupied the position We cannot permit ourselves the sents itself, the most frivolous and those believing in progress should currently held by the oil interests in luxury of applying the "personal fanciful distinctions have been suf- congregate in the Democratic Party. the election of state officials. devil" theory in fixing blame for this ficient to kindle their unfriendly „It is a refusal to recognize these facts It is interesting to speculate on what result. Naturally, the state leader who passions and excite their most vio- of life that has left Texas as nomin- the effect on present Texas politics made it poSsible would be a good can- lent conflicts." ally a one party state, but in truth, as would have been had George Clark didate for the role, yet it was neces- so admirably expressed by the late run as an out-and-out Republican in sary for the national leaders to place Tit my opinion, it is safe to say with Paul Holcomb, a no party state. 1892. Had this occurred and had his him in position to carry out his part. Jefferson that there is a natural divi- following been molded into a true op- FRANKLIN JONES sion among men into those who dis- THE TRUE CURSE of position party in Texas, how much (To be concluded.) trust the people and wish to draw all Reconstruction days is not found in healthier would .have been our politi- powers from them into the hands of the indignities heaped upon the South- cal life in this century ! But, this Clark the higher classes, and those who have ern people as such. It is found in the did not do, and the pattern of splitting confidence in the people and regard fact that it served to perpetuate the within the party instead of splitting them as the wisest repository of the social outlook of the Southern aristoc- between parties was established in public interest. Likewise, as Jackson racy that should have perished with Texas. remarked, although distinctions in so- the Civil War. The misgovernment of ciety will always exist, there are those the early 1870.'s forced people of vary- who believe that it is evil for the laws ing political beliefs into one party in N THE SMITH-Hoover to underfake to add to the natural and Texas. Irrespective of a man's politi- campaign of 1928, the Texas Gov- just advantages, so as to extend gra- cal philosophy, he must needs label ernor set the stage for our brilliant The Reese Murder tuities and exclusive privileges in a for election to a political office. latter day saints by refusing to permit TO the Editor : fashion to make the rich richer, and This situation guaranteed a built-in the delegates to the Beaumont con- • I read your writeup about the the potent more powerful, at the ex- strife within the Democratic Party. vention to choose their committeemen trouble in East Texas. I am with you \ pease • of society's humbler members. Texas has not been a two party state; by districts and engaging in the all the way. I can't to save my life see nor has it been a one party state. It screening process so prominent of why John B. Shepperd doesn't take It is not my purpose to suggest that has been a state wherein individual late. Thereafter, he may not have steps to put an end to the outrage the Republican Party has never mani- politicians have used the Democratic sulked in his tent as did Achilles, but A. B. BARKER fested any interest in the well-being Party to advantage their personal if he made any vocal outcries in favor 371 West Harding Blvd. Sari Antonio of our humbler citizens: As has been objectives, without respect to party of the Happy Warrior or derogatory well said. it sincerely believes that our principles. of the Great Engineer, they did not To the Editor: citizenship generally will be best ad- This may not have been true of ear- make the daily press. Your courageous coverage of the vantaged by favoring those at he top lier splits in the party, such as the atrocities against the Negro commun- of the economic heap, in the belief famous Clark-Hogg division in 1892. Likely there had been hyphenated ity of Mayflower is a masterpiece .... that the benefits conferred will trickle Yet, I see something symbolic in the Democrats before 1928, but most cer- S. W. NICHOLS down to the less fortunate. The ges- Hogg forces repairing to the Houston tainly, that was the year of the har- Box 226, Rockdale vest for the hybrids when the Hoover ture that comes to my mind is that of car stable to hold a convention, while To the Editor: feeding pigeon's in the park. what must have been the more re- Democrats carried Texas for their man. From that date through 1948, we • Please take my name off your mail.; Both parties profess the same ob- spectable element of that day met .with ing list. jective, but the Republican Party sin- the supporters of George Clark at have all witnessed the sorry spectacle , . of those high in. power and office in • ERNEST BERGLUND 47, • the Democratic . Party seeking to wreck Rte. 3, Box 10, Marshall itin each national election, only to be To the Editor : THE SENIOR SENATOR welcomed back as prodigals before the Send me 10 copies of the issue of next presidential election, strive for effective programs instead in order that Nov. 2. It is a humdinger and it took (Continued from Page 1) they might repeat their performances of insisting on ideal programs. lots of guts and backbone to do it .... he bought some Texas newspapers for Democratic chairman was the junior White and gestured at a story in one He is of, the "don't scare 'em of f CHARLES M. ALBBRECHT1 partner in the firm. That throughout Rte. 3, Yoakum of them. As it happened, this was the school," to wit : what if every preacher the state, Eisenhower and Nixon ban- barred from his congregation all who time of a spate of "centrist coalition" ners floated over "Democratic Head- had used a .curse ward some time To the Editor : talk by Texas reporters. White said quarters" set up by the local officers I greatly appreciate the excellent back ? He, like Speaker Rayburn, is he thought that Johnson was hinting and committeemen of the Democratic work you are doing. You are serving opposed to the recent Advisory Coun- to him that this was the straight stuff at the last one. This was done in the the state in a very important way. ( indirectly because of the Republican cil resolution that no one should be name of "harmony," and small won- included in the Texas delegation to Power to you in the car). White apologized after his der that the fumbling and weak inep- 'SHERWOOD S. DAVIS Chicago who supported Eisenhower in coalition story appeared and corrected titude of the national leaders bringing 1150 South Alamo, San Antonio 1952. He wants everybody to come it the next week; but the re-write men it about eventually reflected itself in (Mr. Davis is chairman, San An- into the party fold, including some didn't notice the correction (which the debacle of.1952. tonio Interracial Committee, and pas- Republicans, if they will. was fairly subtle) and the interpreta- I sha'nt dwell long on the unbeliev- tor, Alamo Methodist Church.—Ed.) tion persists. H E IS INCREDULOUS of J OHNSON WANTS TEXAS any logic that questions the wisdom of Party Harmony to send only one delegation to the na- welcoming conservatives who might tional convention. If there is a fight then fight the liberals at the state elec- in spite of this, he will not intervene, tions. but he will look with jaundiced eye He believes that Ramsey, as na- upon those who precipitate it. tional committeeman, may get more He Nvould probably welcome the votes for the national Democrats next favorite son method of controlling the summer than any liberal. Texas delegation, but he,. is emphatic Fie believes that Ramsey's commit- that he does not want the presidency teemanship does not and will not have or the vice-presidency. This position any connection at all with the state would leave him free to .negotiate with elections. the TI exas delegation at the Chicago He does not believe that Ramsey's convention. conservative role in the He is interested in influencing the should be considered at all in connec- Democratic platform in the direction tion with his new national committee- of "moderation." He also believes that inanship. A man's policies are not part a Congressional record of temperate of his qualifications for this post, the but constructive achievement will help Senator believes, provided he is a reg- the Democrats in the summer. ular Democrat. The majority leader is very im- Johnson is also a personal friend of patient with, and frowns darkly Ramsey's. Ramsey was his campaign toward, liberals who criticized the manager in 1941 and 1948. State Executive Committee for dump-, Johnson emphasizes his key role in ing former Texag committeeman passing through the Senate public Wright Morrow and then objected housing legislation for 135,000 units when he. Rayburn, and the Demo- for five years and his leadership in cratic Advisory Council accepted Lt. the fights for a $1 minimum wage Gov. Ben Ramsey as Morrow's' suc- when the President wanted only 90 cessor, cents and for the Democrats' federal These citizens evoke from the Sena- highway money bill. R.D. tor, a master of suasion, his clip of arguments, similes, and analogies to The Texas Observer prove that moderate liberals should Page 3 Nov. 23, 1955 By Etta Hahne for The Texas Observer Mrs. _Collier, who is. chairman of the Texas State 'Democratic Wom- en's ComMittee, wired the chairman Mitchell to Challenge Shivers of the subcommittee that heard John- ston's protest : CHICAGO Ramsey Seated by National Committee; Protest Heard; "There is an old saying, 'He who Stephen Mitchell, :confidante of stumbles twice on the same stone de- Adlai Stevenson and former Demo-- Skelton Says D.A.C. Endorses New Committeeman serves to break his neck.".! She' said cratic national- chairthan, ,plans to national Democrats have already challenge the right :of Governor of the convention that he .will sup:- with it the solemn obligation to abide stumbled once over Shivers and Shivers to attend the Democratic port Stevenson if he is nominated. by the rules of the national committee, should not seat Ramsey., convention here next year. Sandlin threw the challenge back to the national convention,' and the Dem- Another protest' wire was from Mitchell. said he will challenge Shiv-; Mitchell. He said Mitchell is "going ocratic Party. This I am proud to do," Franklin Jones of Marshall: "Those ers and Goys. Kennon - of Louisiana outside the authority of the very rules he said. of us who- fought without leadership and Byrnes of South Carolina as the his committee submitted." The poWer "I will expect all others who accept for the. Democratic Party in 1952 national committee,. brirshing . aside, to bar anyone applies to. national corn- such places, which • includes delegates should not be sold down the river some . ,protests, seated , Lt. Gov.. Ben ' rnitteeman, not. to the titular head of to the national convention, in good to give an appearance of harmony on Ramsey. as ,national, committeeman the party M. a state or to a state chair- --faith to do the same:" the surface," he said. "Ramsey is at rom Texas. • man, Sandlin 'said. , He promised to support "any nom- best a Shivers-carrier, in the fashion Adlai Stevenson, .now . running full "Mitchell .has no authority to go inee," and he was then . accepted by Of Typhoid Mary. Dean Johnston tilt for the Democratic ' presidential into the party organi2ation of any of the committee unanimously. represents those who believe in the the states," Sandlin said. "He has no principles of the Democratic Party as nomination, told a newsman last Shortly after being seated, he said it week that he would not comment on right to challenge the majority of well as profess them." Texas. He can take care of his 'own is true that some Texans switched to Governor Shivers's qualificatiOns • to the GOP ticket in 1952, but he said he ' Yet . another protest came from the sit in . the next national Convention state, and that's' as far as his authority other 'side of the political fence— goes." • would work to lead them back to party "because I don't know what they are." loyalty in 1956. from Wright MOfrow, deposed na- . "We believe •in majority rule, but tional committeeman. Averell Harriman said that - if the they -don't", he said. • !We've , offered In a formal statement, he predicted question of Shivers's eligibility is a' "landslide victory for the Demo- It was . Morrow whom the State to abide by majority rule and not chal- Executive Committee ousted, subse- raised, he will say that, without nam- lenge them or send a contesting dele-- - cratic Party in Texas in 1956." He ing any individual, he will regard any said the party must always be strong quently replacing him with Ramsey. gation. if tthey win, but they won't Morrow :wrote the national and state delegate's appearance as evidence of agree." - and tolerant. "Political extremists do good faith, and he will favor the seat- not now, and never will hold a major- committees offering to resign in 1952. Loyalists in Texas have rejected The national committee accepted the ing •of such delegation. . this offer on the theory that it , would ity in the Democratic Party." Democratic National Chairman resignation; the state committee did- not be prudent to agree , to it as long Most Texas farmers' knew in 1952 not. Paul Butler, asked in .Chicago if he Shivers-Sandlin forces are in con- as that Democratic Administration was In his wire, Morrow said that his would favor a convention seat for trol of the state convention machin- best for them, and now, he said, the Shivers, replied : . ery. ouster and "subsequent action in as- "vast majority of Texans" • agree with suming . to fill such alleged vacancy" "I would have no part to say. That them. He said Texans are proud that and "illegal and invalid" and a "di- would be up to the convention • so far the leaders of the House and Senate as delegates are concerned. But. I iect violation of both the letter and Any Nominee' are Texans and have demonstrated_ spirit" of the, rules and traditions of . would 'welcome . anyone who .identifies "the superiority of the Democratic himself as a Democrat to sit as guest Seating of .Ran-isey was recom- the national committee. Party by positive achievement and not He said national committeemen are in the convention." . . mended 'by the credentials committee by negative criticism." Ramsey pledged that he will support report, and - vational committeeman by specific rule officers of • the na- "any nominee" and predicted a land- Monroe Sweetland of -Oregon ob- • ."I do not know who the conven- tional convention. "Their tenure is slide victory for the Democrats in jected. 'Mrs. Weinert said that Ram- tion will select as its nominee," he fixed and cannot be shortened or de- Texas in 1956. He was seated by what sey had always supported party nom- said. "My sole purpose, in adherence stroyed by action of a state commit- became a unanimous vote. inees arid had -said he Would do so in to the basic Democratic principle of tee," he said. "I have the same title Dean Johnston, president of the 1956. The national. committee adopted majority rule, is to help the Demo:. a§ every other national , committeeman 'loyalist Texas Young Democratic the report, with three members—Mar-, cratic Party get the best man for its who.. was confirmed by the national Clubs—recognized by the last national garet Price of Michigan, Melvin D. 'nominee for president and to' assist in convention in 1952." convention. of that group—protested Hiklreth of the District of. Columbia, electing him in 1956. I will urge every "This matter should not be treated at a closed-door subcommittee meet- and Carl -W. Thompson of Wiscon- Texan to take the same position." lightly or evaded for political expe- ing that Ramsey had been . nominated sin--refusing to Note. "We have some special problems in diency or subterfuge, no matter what by a -"Texas Democratic Executive Ramsey made an acceptance speech Texas of current and future import the provocation or what trades may , Committee which has been stacked abotrt a minute long. . that deserves recognition in party -have been made by highly placed poli- and controlled by Gov. Allan Shivers, 'Any position of trust •and honor councils," he said. . .'We expect just ticians," Morrow said. "The resent- the' party's most notorious traitor." within the Democratic Party carries and full Consideration." ment in Texas is overwhelming." Wires of protest were sent to the subcommittee.by .some loyalists and by Wright Morrow, the deposed commit-7 teeman whom Ramsey replaces.. Shivers Says. No Pledge-I-Period'

AUSTIN wild-eyed pinks that think they run the party. and who attend to ,the con- Challenge Set Allan Shivers gave everybody fair the national Democratic Party are go- . vention in good faith "just exactly fits notice of his plans last week. He 'nig to challenge anybody that doesn't me." But ias for the rule that any dele- Mitchell was chairman of-a commit- intends to go to the Democratic eon-7 ag-ree with thexn." He said that Frank- gate's seating can be, challenged; he tee that drew up' rules for . the 1956 vention in Chicago; he will not lin Roosevelt; Jr., ran- fQr Congress on said, "I suppose that's for my special convention. These - rules=as proposed promise' anybody in advance that he Democratic-Labor ticket and Hubert benefit and a few others." "If the test is voting for Eisen- by Mitchell—preclude • any : general will support the Democratic nomi. Humphrey on a Democratic-Farmer- Labor ticket. "Down here all his hower," he said, "then they should go loyalty oath for delegates but permit pees ; he will 'oppose' Adlai_ Steven- any delegate to challenge any other (Humphrey's) counterparts say they- back and bar all those ,who voted ion in any event; and it is a toss-up 're not hyphenated Democrats," he against Al Smith. Truman said in his . delegate under certain qualifications in his mind whether Stevenson, for delegates. said, but they have not challenged memoirs he voted for a Republican Averell . Harriman, or Estes KeL Humphrey or Roosevelt. once, some friend. Well, Eisenhower The. key rule said fauver is .`'the more conservative of If• he goes up to the' convention and is a friend of- mine, and I don't sup . . it is understood delegates are the three." is told he must agree to support the pose it's any more a crime for one bona fide Democrats who have the in- As for • Speaker 's nominees before he can get seated, Man to support his friend than an- terests, welfare, and success of the statement that Texas should send a will he agree ? other." party at heart and will participate in delegation "pledged to Support the "I will not do it—period," he re- He took a few digs at Skelton, who the convention in good faith."' No ad- nominee," he remarked plied. "I'll give no pledge to support= called him "a political dicta- ditional assurances are to' be required, "I guess he meant if he controlled any nominee until I know who the tor who knows his days are nurri:. the rule says, "in the absence of cre- the delegation it would be pledged." nominee is." • bered." _Shivers said Skelton 'always dentials contest or Challenge." Told that Byron Skelton, chairman *Would he support Eisenhower if he wanted some official title and position of the loyalist Democratic Advisory ran again ? and now he has it by his own defini- Mitchell called special attention to a tion." (Skelton bald the D.A.C. that further provision, however: "In 'case Council, had informed the Democratic - "His administration has been one National Committee that the new na- of the outstanding in the nation's it had made him the "actual head of of challenge or contest such oaths or the Democratic Party in 'Texas" by commitments may be. appropriate." tional committeeman, Ben Ramsey, history," Shivers replied. ".... He has has agreed "to work for a Texas dele- restored the confidence and respect of electing him its chairman.) Mitchell said he thinks Shivers will the people in their government. Does bolt the Democratic ticket again: "If gation that is pledged to support the nominees," Shivers hawked back: that answer your question?" The re- HE APPROVES of the Ei- you want to find out what a cowboy porter who' had asked it was silent. senhower Administration, he said, be- will do when he gets drunk, just find "Did he say that ?" and then dis- counted it as Skelton "feeling so "I didn—that's • all I said," Shivers cause it has been good for business, out what he did the last time he got said. labor, and all' segments of the popula- drunk." badly" he didn't get the committee- manship, hirnsel f. tion without trying to punish labor or Hcsaid "notorious people can still The Governor was in an excellent SHIVERS said the rule business. be kept out of the next convention," humor as - he greeted reporters. He adopted by the national committee "It has been accused of favoring and he specifically committed himself chewed on the stem of his horn rim that party leaders must agree to do business. His administration has en- to challenge' 'ShiVers, Byrnes, and . glasses as he talked. Ranging about what they can to get the national nont- couraged business, which is good for Kennon. the grounds of his political philoso- - inee on the state ballot in the .Demo- the nation," he said. Under Roosevelt He said he thinks a delegate has a Phy, he gave the Eisenhower Admin- cratic column was fair and he would , and. Truman, he said, "any business right to vote fof the opposition can- istration "great praise," said Eisen- abide by it. "In spite 'of misrepresen- that was very successful was imme- didate after a convention, but he said bower has been "one of the finest tations by some self-designing people, diately challenged, in many cases just a party leader should not do so. "I presidents the nation has ever had," especially in the campaign, that was because it was successful." don't think a party leader has this and said what. the country needs in the only promise we made in 1952, "I say great praise to them if they right," he said. "That's the way I feel 1956 is Eisenhower-type adMinis- and the record shows we kept that give, us peace in the world and pros- about Shivers." . tration." . promise," he said. - • perity at Jrnme," he said. He • said he was opposing Shivers Asked if he expects to be chal- He said the rule that delegates must because of his 1952. bolt - for Eisen- lerig.ed in Chicago next year, he re- be "bona fide" Demoerats who are in- The Texas Observer hower and his ,comments in advance plied : "Oh sure, sure. That bunch of terested in the wel f area and: success of Page 4 Nov. 23, 1955 IN THE SHADOW . II • (Continued from Page 1) southwest, around Manchaca Road out that a lot of these are tenant- and Red, Street, and a large East Aus- • owned (about 50 percent, a housing tin. area.-east of East Ave. between official estimates), and he said of Manor Road and the Colorado River. such Latin or Negro tenan'ts: - . An Austin Housing Study" by the "He would rather live in that shanty Economic Research Agency of Wis- and have his freedom." consin—done for the Austin Housing "The one factor every sociologist Authority in February, 1950—reveal- overlooks is that not everybody wants ed that in Austin's major blighted what I have," Pearson said. "They area, 4,694 dwelling) units were found want their freedom. They wouldn't which by minimum standards "are understand what to do with an eight- unfit living quarters." Over a third- room house. They don't want carpet 1,769—did not have running water grass—they. want swept yards. The inside . the building. Mexican woman has got to have coals "At least 20,000 persons in the for her tortillas, so she doesn't want heart of Austin are existing in un- gas for cooking." • sanitary or unfit habitations,' said the report. "This inadequate housing F THE 38,640 occupied constitutes . a breeding place for crime SHACKS, AN OUTHOUSE, AND A DUMP dwelling units in the city, 3,975 were and disease. The more than 2,000 Part of the Montopolis Section of Austin Recently Annexed ruled dilapidated in 1950. Of these privies, in a thickly , settled area men- 3,975, 3,525 did not have hot -water or ace public health. These conditions a private toilet or bath. Montopolis exact a heavy toll from taxpayers for developed as a suburban ,(or rural) police, fire department,- hospitals, -slum and was annexed into the city- charity, and delinquency." after the census was taken ; its over-. whelming *dilapidation would affect B ECAUSE. OE THE sever- the 1950 figures. ity .of the East Austin problem, a Many more units are regarded as Greater East Austin Development "sub-standard." For example, the 1950 Committee was famed with E. W. census shows that more than 7,000 Jackson, president of the Steck Com- Austin living units had no private bath pany, as its, president. The committee or were "dilapidated" and that 4,133 has asked the city council • to adopt units had no rinning water. , ordinances to prohibit the re-renting Montop'olis is entirely without of housing defined as unacceptable sewers, but the city is preparing* to and then to enforce the prohibition. spend $48,000. as -a start this year. "Until that's done, we can't do any- Also without sewers are areas in the thing, else," Jackson said. The present

- ordinance provides for occupancy permits but does not say what agerrcy is 'supposed to issue them. They have not been issued. The Farm Issue A pilot area has been selected in. for concentrated ordi- AUSTIN East Austin NO STEPS ON THIS SHANTY, FOR RENT nance enforcement and a campaign to Harrison-Wilson-Pearson Handles the Property Texas politicking abated.' last get tenants and landlords to co-operate •. , week as attention focused on the with up-grading the hctuses. meeting of the Democratic. National Jackson said the committee has not Committee in Chicago, but loyalists looked into the question of federal Ralph Yarborough and John White aid under the. Housing Act of 1955 both pounced on the Eisenhower for urban renewal and rehabilitation. farm policies in speeches in the hin- Such aid is unavailable to Texas cities except possibly San Antonio because terlands. the Legislature has not passed legis- Yarborough said that a return of lation to enable the cities to get the the Democrats to power offers "the federal funds. only hope of improvement for the de- Herman Jones, a member of the pressed condition of Texas agricul- committee, said that the members' ture." He said he was not wrong in main hope is that enforcement of advocating 90 percent of parity prices minimum standards can be improved. for basic farm commodities in 1952 He said federal aid had been explored and 1954 and that he is still for that "thoroughly" bir the comrinttee and A TYPICAL SH/CK IN THE MONTOPOLIS SECTION formula.. • ; , • - • said there is '"not any disposition" A Hideous Melange of Shacks, Privies, Abandoned Frame Houses "Benson percent of parity sup- to pass up federal aid "because it is port price f(51 rhaize in the Panhandle federal." The committee asked the and South Plains discriminates against council to try to get Austinincluded in Texas grain farmers in favor of ' the urban renewal enabling legisla- grain farmer in the Midwest," Yar- tion last session, and there was an ef- borough told a banquet of the Terry fort to this end by Austin represen- County Denioc-rats at%Brownfield. tatives. - . "This Republican Administration "It is such a big job (clearing has reduced cotton acreage of Texas Might) that if aid is available from in 1956, but it has increased the total the Federal Government or the State acreage allotted to cotton farmers in Government or the 'United Nations or California and Arizona for 1956. The anywhere -else, then I would -say that Republican Party has written Texas we would take it, and I think that is off for 1956, and it is penalizing the the sense of the - committee," Jones Texas grain and cotton growers for said. 'the benefit Qf grain and cotton grow- . "They talk about local self-govern- ers it hopes will go Republican.' This ment," Jones said; "if the State would is "cheap politics," Yarborough said. get out of the , the cities could White • went to ' Yorktown and go about their work. The State's now telling the city what it can and can /barged before a farm • group that in not do" . effect the Republicans gave Texas the , STEPS FOR FOUR CHILDR EN. AND THEIR MOTHER tidelands—"what was rightfully ours And in the House, No Windows, Cracks Between the Floorboards in the first place"—and the . farm- M AYOR -TOM MILLER' is ers • of the state are "buying" them proud that programs initiated under back at an annual rate four times lais administrations have resulted- in tive, middle-of-the-road, moderate their value. 850 public housing units in Austin. committee, and we hope moderately Pre-war projects include Chalmers, to improve the situation. It's not any "Farm prices under the present ad- Rosewood, and Santa Rita Courts. Renaissance or New Birth. . . It's ministration have declined to . such a Since 1950 Meadowbrook Homes and gonna be slow-, and those people in degree that farmers will lose $163,- Booker T. Washington *Terrace • haye East Austin are not happy, and I don't 584,387 this year on cotton, wheat, been added. Rosewood and Washing- blame them, but we are doing what and grain sorghums alone. This is the ton are for Negroes. we can." . difference in value of only three major Miller said the council had asked He- said that the paving situation crops in 1955 compared to the crop the city attorney to "study present cannot be corrected easily because the prices of 1952," White said. ordinances and see if they suffice." cost has to be borne by the abutting "On. the other hand," he continued, "We don't want to go too slowly but property owners, who can't afford it "the tidelands ... have had a histori- we want to feel our war," Miller said. in the blighted areas. cal value of only $54,809,636. That is "We want to recheck those (sub- Thus Austin has developed some of the total amount Texas has received standard) houses and in a rlice way the ugliest slums in Texas, has to date on rents, royalties, and bonuses tell the owners we wish they wouldn't appointed a committee, has' recom- from oil, gas,. and sulphur." try to rent them until they fix them mended a study, and is working on it. "What Interior Secretary McKay up. We don't want any great fanfare, R.D. giveth -Texas," White said, 'Agricul- we don't want• to• confiscate anybody's —Staff Photos ture Secretary Benson taketh away— property, its not a bitter crusade The Texas Observer A BOY IN EAST AUSTIN four fold." against anybody. We have a conserva- Page 5 Nov. 23, 1955 Michael Eugene,Moore Discoveries of a Shepherd Boy GREAT BOOKS

The Scrolls From the Dead Sea, explores "the ex- Wilson feels Dupont-Sommer over- by Edmund Wilson. Oxford Univer- WILSON the plosive possibilities of the subject." states this case by concluding from sity Press, New York. 155. 121 pages. that the Teacher of A Plan in Texas Cities He says the new evidence—for the manuscripts Righteousness was martyred, but, says We get all kinds of books for re- earliest Biblical manuscripts available Wilson, "the Teacher of Righteous- AUSTIN view at the Observer, but we pass to scholars before 1947 were Ninth Century—leads to a recognition "that ness was persecuted, he does seem to many of them by because they are not have been regarded as a Messiah." San Antonio, Dallas, and Hous- " appropriate to our region." We ven- the characteristic doctrines of Chris- ton now have "great books" pro- ture to call attention to The Scrolls tianity must have been developed From the Dead Sea by author-critic gradually and naturally, in the course THIS RAISES two chal: grains for people interested enough Wilson, however, on the theory that of a couple of hundred years, out of lenges: first, a denial that Christianity to ask about them at the public it will interest all Christians. a dissident branch of Judaism." could have grown up in an organic way, "the product of a traceable se- library. Clara Mays, librarian of the "At some point rather early in' the The Essenes had a "Teacher of quence of pressures and inspirations," Hertzberg Rare Book Collection spring of 1947, a Bedouin boy called Righteousness," the pre-Christian as Wilson phrases it ; and second, as here, is co-ordinator of the San An- Muhammed the Wolf was minding founder of the sect of the Dead Sea Dr. Brownlee states, a question tonio program, which was smaller in some goats near a cliff on the western scrolls. Dr. W. H. Brownlee, writing whether "the uniqueness of Christ is shore of the Dead Sea. Climbing tip in the Bulletin of the American at stake." 1954-'55 than any previous year after one that had strayed,. he noticed Schools of Oriental Research of De- A review in The New York Times (four groups of fifteen each). a cave that he had not seen before, cember, 1953, says this Teacher "was by Frank Cross, Jr., an associate pro- and he idly threw a stone into it . . ," in some respects an exact prototype of fessor of Old Testament at McCor- The Great Books adult education Jesus, particularly as a martyred pro- mick Theological Seminary in Chi- program is not a "short cut to cul- Inside the cave the boy found long phet, revered by his followers as the cago—one of the two American schol- ture," and it is non-profit,' so if it manuscripts, inscribed in parallel col- suffering Servant of the Lord in ars among those studying the scripts appears to be a typically American umns on .thin sheets that had been Deutero-Isaiah." in Jerusalem — confirms Wilson's way of assimilating culture in other sewn together, wrapped in lengths of particulars, it is exceptional in at least M. Dupont-Sommer, Professor of sense of _ the magnitude of the dis- linen and coated with a black layer of coveries by alluding to "their shatter two. pitch or wax, then stowed away in Semitic Languages and Civilizations at the Sorbonne, writes that both the ing impact on fields of biblical study." Behind the program is the Great tall clay jars. These manuscripts are To Wilson's question, will they make earlier Teacher of Righteousness and Books Foundation of Chicago. Cheap now accepted as having been written Jesus "seem lessuperhuman," the re- Jesus preached penitence, poverty, hu- reprints of the books (or parts of around 100 B.C. or so not far from viewer replies that Wilson presumes mility, love of one's neighbor, chas- books) defined as "greats" are avail- the birthplace of Christ. revelation is thought of as the sus- • tity, and observance of the Law of able for participants at $11 a year, and pension of the normal historical pro- Clerics, anthropologists, paleontolo- Moses as perfected by his revelations; those who can't'af ford this, the cess, but that Christian doctrine really for gists, and linguists were drawn- into an both were Elect and the Messiah of Foundation tries to send the books views it thusly: "That God chooses ever-widening web of consequence God; both were supreme judge to the along free. No one is paid to lead to give meaning to history, not to sus- which spun from the discovery of the end of time; both Christian and Es- the discussion groups. "Very few pend it." boy Muhammed the Wolf. In this and sene religions had as essential rite the want to lead," Miss Mays says; "it nearby caves—the Caves of Qumran In the modern museum in Old Je-. is more interesting to be a partici- sacred meal, with priests the minis- rusalem, Pere de Vaux, three manu- —a library had been hidden, a library ters of the meal. pant." which. seems to have included all the script scholars, a priest, a British pro- books of the Bible, a number of apo- Says Dupont-Sommer : fessor, and a Catholic monsignor work The six-year reading program of cryphal works, and the literature of an "The Teacher of Righteousness tirelessly over the incredible discovery the Foundation is composed of selec- early religious sect, .the Essenes. Not died about 65-63 B.C. ; Jesus the` Naz- of the boy Muhammed the Wolf. tions from the literature, philosophy, far from the original cave was an arene died about 30 A.D. In every They paste together tatters, steam politics, economics, history, and drama unearthed ruin of what is now case in Which the resemblance com- pages apart, apply chemicals and of the race. Each year's reading in-, thought to have been a headquarters pels or invites us to think of a borrow- translate. What they find is what they eludes half a dozen or more selec- of the Essenes, a Jewish sect which ing, this was on the part of Chris- find ; no man tan gainsay it. tions from the ancient classics, Plato, developed outside the main-stream of tianity." R.D. Aristotle, Sophocles, Plutarch, Epic- Judaism. tetus, Homer, Lucretius, Aeschylus, The Essenes had doctrines of hu- Thucydides, Hippocrates, Euripides, man brotherhood ; of ritual washing Virgil. Shakespeare is read during (like Baptism) ; of primitive com- The Feldman Exhibit four of the six years. munism, which the early Christians The first year is heavy on politics it was to be expected that the prizes practiced among themselves; of body AUSTIN (Machiavelli, The Federalist, Marx corruptible, soul immortal and im- Three hundred persons attended the would not meet with overwhelming Civil Disobedi- agreement—"Downtown and Subur- and Engels, Thoreau's perishable; and they lived by monastic first formal showing of the Feldman ence). Descartes; Hobbes, Rousseau, tradition : they would not take women Collection-100 by Texas ban," Jack Boynton's show leader for Kant, and Mill suggeSt a second-year and were replenished as a tribe by artists bought by an agent of wealthy $1,500; "The Cliff," by Everett intention of surveying modern Euro- other Jews who were disgusted with independent Texas oilman D. D. Feld- Spruce, $750 in second place; "Gran- pean philosophy. Rabelais, Voltaire's ite Quarry," Chester Toney ; third life and wanted solitude. man. The 60 or so exhibited at the Candide,and Freud make it the third There has always been a theory, Federated Women's Club here seemed place, $500 ; and two honorable men- year. The fourth year weights science Wilson says, that Jesus Christ was an good and were quite diverse in style. tions with $100 for"Desert Prospect" and its philosophy, and the fifth year, by Julia Ornyski and "Conflict" by Esselte. In such a representative collection one reads the first American novelist Seymour Fogel. Boynton's abstract (Melville's Moby Dick) and the first of city and environs lean quite heav- American scientist (if Einstein was ily on the title for its interpretation, American) on the list, in company it seemed, and the criticism could be with Dante. The sixth year is a syn- A CHRISTMAS DECISION advanced that the other winners rep- (Adv.) thetic one, witk Homer, Plato, Aris- resented styles too similar; but that totle, Longinu , St. Augustine, St. is a question of taste, not a qualified In about a month and a half, the and it was like running for office. Anselm, Chaucer, Shakespeare, Des- materialistic expectations of your We hesitate, therefore, to ask you judgment. The judges were Edgar C. cartes, Cervantes, Spinoza, Pascal, Schenck, director, the Brooklyn Mu otherwise undemanding friends will to select 35 of your friends for Ob- Kant, Stendhal, Hegel, and Tol- sewn; Katherine Cuh, curator of mod-, 'Vico, place upon you the Christmas. call. server subscriptions. If, however, stoy. you can think of one or two, we ern and , the Art Granted, toys will be most appro- would be grateful, and we believe Institute of Chicago; and Frederick Why not just read on your own? priate for some ages, furs and per- they would. Wight, director of Galleries, Univer- The theory, doubtless, is that the se- fumes for some situations, books for sity of California at Los Angeles. some friends. You may also have We will notify your friend that , lections are sound, the schedule is a E. M. (Buck) Schiwetz entered spur, and the difficulties are eased by some friends, people you respect you are sending him the Observer "Frontier Oil Town," popular for its for a year in a specially printed and like to talk to, people who are suggestion of mood with color. John the community of disCussion. Anyone aware of the Texas they live in, who notice a week before Christmas ; the Guerin's "Gulf Shore," Keith Mc- who wants the; library in his com- first issue will be that of December would like to get The Texas Ob- Intyre's "Part of a City"—notable for munity to take up the program can server. - 28, in which the Observer will re- its illusion of relief dimension; Perry view the year 1955 in Texas and at- write Orace Johnson at the Oklahoma This Christmas giving can be a Nichols's "Friit Bowl," an objective City Public Library; he is field repre- tempt to preview the year 1956. painting of great care rendered ab- grotesque thing; it can get all out of sentative of the southwest district. hand. One Christmas we recall, we Merry Christmas! May gifts be stract by a subtle design of unifying decided to send out Christmas irrelevant to the love of your lines ; and Arthur Yourzik's `The The Texas Observer cards to everybody we ever knew, friends! White Boat" at a clock drew one to full and appreciative halts. R.D. Page 6 Nov. 23, 1955

- A Christmas Gift MAGRUDER'S BOOK ACCEPTED The Texas Observer for One Year for : AUSTIN The board also agreed to make a stu- Name A complaint that Magruder's Amer- study of how many high school ican Government does not make the dents graduate without taking courses the State requires. Dr. W. R. Good- Address case for the American way of life strongly enough and contains too son, director of accreditation, reported that only about two-thirds as many State much opinion was rejected by the City State Board of Education. The book students take third-year English as was ordered at the request of the El take the first year's work, though the ( ) I enclose $4. Paso school system. State requires three years, and that only about 37 per cent of the eligibles ( ) Please bill me, at Eugene P. Smith of El Paso voted against purchase orders with 36 pub- take science courses. the board turned down .Schools that do not insist students City lishers after his -objection to the Magruder text— take the courses required by the State .first written in 1925 but revised, or can lose accreditation under policies this blank.) (For other Observer gifts, please attach a note to "toned down," sect444,1 .timeS since. approved by the board. DALLAS who has demonstrated understanding ‘f\ralter Reuther, buoyant, boyish REUTHER'S VISIT of the problems of working men. president of the CIO, steered clear He repeated his opposition to a of Texas politics and argued, in- tion, he declared, run $300,000 an Workers being paid by the hour third party formed out of the coali- tion. He denied he had any political stead, for the guaranteed annual hour, and "they could cut prices $100 have "a moral right to a guaranteed aspirations and cited as evidence his wage, a 32-hour week, the use of on all models and still profit." wage". as, basic as the right to a pen- sion, Reuther contended. "We don't step-down to number two spot in the technology to conquer poverty, and The negotiator of a 26-week guar- anteed wage-and-unemployment bene- want to be paid for not working, but merged union group. (George Meany, expanded world markets for Amer- president of AFL, will be the merger fit of 65 percent of the weekly wage we do not want to be penalized when ica's expanding productivity during the worker is laid off through no president.) his two-day, Texas tour last week. said that when he began meeting with G. M. executives on a pension plan for fault of his own." The place to store our .food stir- employees, he was told "by men mak- Reuther also argued that G.A.W. THIS WAS the first time in pluses, he said, is in "the millions of ing $300 an hour" that melt making will provide more people with a stable history that a CIO president visited empty bellies around the world." Our $1.50 an hour "should save for a level of consuming power. He said Texas during his term of office. technology has given us great produc- rainy day." that the depression of the thirties was Reuther made his observations tive power, he said, "but in this land When a $500,000-a-year corpora- not over-production but acute under- in speeches and press conferences in of plenty, we still. have not solved the tion executive seeKs $600,000 a year, consumption. "What we had better Dallas. and Houston. He landed in problems of hunger and poverty." he is commended for his enterprise, get is a supersonic jet distribution Dallas Monday noon, flew to Hous- In. defense of a worker's guaran- Reuther said, but the executive con- machine," he said. "That is the key to ton that afternoon for a speech that teed wage, he said he had computed tends "it's destructive and morally the future of the American economy night, flew to Fort Worth Tuesday, the hourly wage of the president of wrong" for men earning $3,000 and —how do we maintain the balance be- toured Bell Aircraft plant in the General Motors and came up with $4,000 a year to join with their fellow tween greater productive power and morning, then spoke to a private $749 an hour. Profits of the corpora- workers and ask for $5,000 to $6,000. greater purchasing power ?" group in Houston at noon, and re- A four-day eight-hour week would turned to Dallas that night. be one means of extending the bene- He was accompanied by Robert Oli- fits of technology to the people, he ver, his chief assistant for legislation. The Houston Election said. He 'was greeted by E. L. McCommas and other .officials of the Tarrant HOUSTON crease on Jones's downtown proper- R EUTHER, who helped throw County Industrial Union Council and Oscar Holcombe and the three ties. This was denied. communists out of the CIO, said he is by Joe Nichols and other officials of Houston newspapers defeated "The office of mayor is not a dic- not taken in by the "Russian smile." the Dallas Area I.U.C. ; and in Hous- Mayor Roy Hofheinz last week. It ton, R. J. Greer, president of the tatorship, but Hofheinz attempted to He said nations with strong free labor was a campaign of great bitterness, movements never have trouble with Houston 'Area I.U.C., presented him make it one," said the Chronicle. The not only' from Hofheinz, who re- communism. In arguing for the use with a hat. Then-Mayor Roy Hof- vived charges against previous Hol- Post criticized "Roy's rule-or-ruin of technology to reduce poverty, he heinz stopped in at City Auditorium combe Administrations and scored antics" and said he rattled old politi- said that communism builds its power and greeted Reuther and ,other labor Houston "fat cats," and from Hol- cal bones while ignoring those in the out of the despair of the underprivi- officials, departing before the speech began. combe, who said Hofheinz was closet of his own administration—"the leged. "sick" and undignified, but also stealing and stripping of houses, the Automation — the replacement of Fred Schmidt, executive secretary, Texas CIO, was in Reuther's party. from the .newspapers, who editorial- human workers by machines—is wel- electrical appliance . scandals, and, comed by labor, he said, if it is geared He said Reuther's visit was to let ized emphatically against Hofheinz. worst of all, the narcotics scandals." for the good of "all the people, not Texans meet the head of the organiza- Holcombe won his eleventh term as just a few." tion. "Our state council has had 19 mayor with 38,642 votes to 21,178 for HOFHEINZ ACCUSED He said the coalesced AFL-CIO state conventions and national CIO Hofheinz and 6,905 for George Eddy. Holcombe of "a shocking abuse of will not be tied to the coat-tails of has had only 17—we're the oldest public trust" when as mayor he rented either political party but will back can- state council in the union—so we had Dissension at city hall which finally for city use a dragline owned by his didates on the basis of what they stand been rather hurt we hadn't had a pres- took the form of efforts by city coun- brother. Holcombe charged that Hof- idential visit until now," Schmidt said. cilmen to impeach Hofheinz; Ho f- for. The CIO has been with the Dem- heinz spent more in his administra- ocrats most often, he said, because heinz's readiness with retaliatory in- Schmidt said the AFL-CIO merger tion to do less than Holcombe did in the Democrats pick the best men most vective; and Holcombe's many friend- will occur in New York in December. his last three years and that dilly- often. "It is getting harder and harder ships with powerful Houstonians and State and local labor groups have two dallying by Hofheinz might cost the to find a good Republican these days," with representatives of organized years in which to effect their own city $100,000 on a re-paving job. he said. "The only way the Republi- labor were factors in the election. merger accomodations. Hofheinz backed a slate for city cans can change is to 'get religion'." Schmidt predicted "considerable ag- The Houston Chronicle, in its Sun- council, but only one • of them led his He said Adlai Stevenson is a `;great gressive organizational activity all day mornino- news report of the elec- race, the other seven.trailing. Five of American" (he backed him in 1952) over the country" once the merger is tion, also hailedb Holcombe's election them will be in run-offs. and that Earl Warren is a Republican effected. as "a day of victory for Houston's three daily newspapers." "Houston decree of divorce dissolving the bonds of matri- from the date of issuance hereof ; that is to say, CLASSIFIED AD mony heretofore and now existing between said at or before, 10 o'clock A. M. of Monday the has never witnessed such an attack parties ; Plaintiff alleges cruel treatment on the 26th day of December, 1955, and answer the 1st '(as from Hofheinz) on major busi- ANNOUNCEMENT part of defendant toward plaintiff of such a amended petition of plaintiff in Cause Number Great American Securities, 1403 N. Main Ave., nature as to render their further living together 102,376, in which William J. Staley is Plaintiff ness and civic leaders of Houston who San Antonio, has incorporated as of Oct. 21, as husband and wife altogether insupportable ; and Mary E. Staley is defendant, filed in said 1965, and is known as Great American Securities Plaintiff further alleges that one child, a daugh- Court on the 9th day of November, 1955, and the in past years supported him, but in Co., whose officers are: C. F. Palm, Pres. ; J. H. ter age 4, named Barbara Kaye Sullivan, was nature of which said suit is as follows : this race decided to • support Hol- Palm, Vice-Pres. ; Fred H. BroWn, Vice-Pres.; born of said union and plaintiff prays for cus- Being an action and prayer for judgment in Joanna Kennington, Secretary. tody of said. child. No Community was accumu- favor of plaintiff and against defendant for -de- combe," said the news story. lated, plaintiff alleges. Plaintiff further prays cree of divorce ,dissolving the bonds of matrimony for cost of suit and relief, general and special ; heretofore and now existing between said parties ; All of which more fully appears from plaintiff's Plaintiff alleges cruel treatment on the part of THE THREE NEWS- LEGAL ADVERTISEMENTS original petition' on file in this office, and to defendant toward plaintiff of such a nature as to which reference is here made. render their further living together as husband PAPERS—the Post, the Chronicle, If this citation is not served within 90 days and wife altogether insupportable. Plaintiff fur- the Press—refused an advertisement THE STATE OF TEXAS after date of its issuance, it shall be returned un- ther alleges that no childreil were born of said COUNTY OF TRAVIS served. union and no community property was accu- from Hofheinz, who thereupon took TO : Those indebted to or holding claims against WITNESS, 0. T. MARTIN, JR., Clerk of the mulated; Plaintiff farther' prays for costs of the Estate of C. W. Whorton, deceased: District 011itrts of Travis County, Texas. suit and relief, general and special ; to the air and made the refitsal public. The undersigned having been duly appointed Issued and given under my hand and the seal All of which more fully appears from Plain- The Post said it refused the aid be- administrator of •the Estate of C. W. Whorton, of said Court, at office in the City of Austin, tiff's original petition on file in this office, deceased, late of Travis County, Texas, by Tom this the 3rd day of November, 1955. and to which reference is here made. causes it was libelous and in extremely E. Johnson, Judge of the County Court of Travis 0. T. MARTIN, JR., If this citation is not served within 90 clays bad taste, the Chronicle because the County. Texas, on the 25th day of October, 1955, Clerk of the District Courts, after date of its .issuance, it shall be returned hereby notifies all persons indebted to said Travis County, Texas. unserved. paper's attorneys questioned sections estate to come forward and make settlement, By ELI GREER, Deputy. WITNESS, 0. T. MARTIN, "JR., Clerk of the and those having claims against said estate to District Courts of • Travis County, Texas. of it. The Press refused it as an ad present them to him within the time prescribed CITATION BY PUBLICATION Issued and given under my hand and the but published it as a letter after Hof- by law at his residence, 1002 Regan Terrace, THE'STATE. OF TEXAS seal of said Court at office in the City of City of Austin, Texas, where he receives his TO Ascension C. Perales Defendant, in the Austin, this the 9th day of November, 1955. heinz made it an issue. Then the Post mail, this the 26 day of October, A.D. 1955. hereinafter styled and numbered cause : 0. T. MARTIN, JR. followed suit. OLIS D. WHORTON You (and each of you) are hereby commanded Clerk of the District Courts, Administrator of the Estate of to appear before the 126th Judicial District Court Travis County, Texas. C. W. Whorton, Deceased. of Travis County, - Texas, to be held at the court- (s) By ELI GREER, Deputy Charged the letter : house of said county in the City of Austin, NOTICE OF INTENTION TO INCORPORATE Travis County, Texas, at or before 10 o'clock CITATION BY PUBLICATION "The Chronicle and the Post to- A FIRM WITHOUT SUBSTANTIAL CHANGE A. M. of the first Monday after the expiration of TO Clifton S. Williams Defendant, in the OF FIRM NAME 42 days from the date of issuance hereof ; that hereinafter styled and numbered cause : gether with a half-dozen Houston 'fat TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN: is –to say, at or before, 10 o'clock A. M. of You are hereby commanded to appear before cats,' including Herman and George Notice is hereby given that L. M. White and Monday, the 19th day of December, 1955, the 126th District Court of Travis County. J. R. Collins, doing business under the firm and answer the petition of plaintiff in Cause Texas, to be held at the courthouse of said Brown of Brown and Root; Bob name of Whico Mapping Company, intend to number 102-754, in which Mary Jane R. Perales county in the City of Austin, Travis County, incorporate such firm immediately under the is Plaintiff and Ascension C. Perales is defend- Tevas, at or before 10 o'clock A.M. of the first Abercrombie, rick oilman ; Jim (Two- firm name of Whico Mapping Corporation. ant, filed in said Court on the 3rd day of No- Monday after the expiration of 42 days from Gun) West, multi-millionaire oilman Signed this 18th day of October, A.D. 1955. vember, 1955, and the nature of which said suit the .date of issuance hereof • that is to say, at or WHICO MAPPING COMPANY is as follows : before, 10 o'clock A.M. of Monday the 26th day who loves to play 'Cops and Robbers,' By L. M. WHITE, Partner Being an action and prayer for judgment in of December, 1955, and answer the petition of J. R. COLLINS. JR., Partner favor of plaintiff and against Defendant for plaintiff in Cause Number .102,583, in which and Gus Wortham, multi-millionaire decree of divorce dissolving the bonds of matri- Mrs. Viola J. Williams is Plaintiff and Clifton American General Insurance operator THE STATE OF TEXAS mony heretofore and now existing between said S. Williams is defendant, filed in said Court on To any Sheriff or any Constable within the parties ; Plaintiff alleges cruel treatment on the the 10th day of Oct. 1955, and the nature of and vast land owner. . . . and -Judge State of Texas—GREETING : part of defendant toward plaintiff of such a which said suit is as follows: J. A. Elkins, Texas's most powerful You are hereby commanded to cause to be pub- nature as to render their further living together Being an action and prayer for judgment in lished, ONCE, not less than ten days before the as husband and wife altogether insupportable. favor of Plaintiff and against Defendant for king-maker, have combined together return day thereof, in a newspaper printed in Plaintiff further alleges that no children were a decree of divorce dissolving the bonds of Travis County, Texas, the accompanying citation, born of said union and no community property matrim, ny heretofore and now existing be- secretly in every city election to sup- of which the herein below following is • a true was accumulated. Plaintiff further prays for tween said parties ; Plaintiff alleges abandon- port a candidate for Mayor. copy—(but if • there be no newspaper so costs of suit and relief, general and special ment by defendant of her for a period of more printed in said county, then that you cause the All of which more fully appears from plain- than three years, with intention on the part said citation to be posted for at least TEN days tiff's original petition on file in this office, and of defendant of making such . abandonment "Oscar. Holcombe has always been before the return term thereof as required by to which reference is here made. permanent ; plaintiff further alleges that four the favorite water boy of this „group. law). If this citation is not served within 90 days minor children, the issue of said marriage are after date of its issuance, it shall be returned now residing with. plaintiff, who is the proper CITATION BY PUBLICATION unserved. person to be awarded their care and custody and "In his twenty years as 'Mayor, THE STATE OF TEXAS WITNESS, 0. T. MARTIN, JR., Clerk of the for which she prays ; Plaintiff further alleges never once did Oscar Holcombe deny TO Robert James Sullivan Defendant, in the District Courts of Travis County, Texas. that certain real property located at 1113 An- hereinafter styled and numbered cause : Issued and given . under my hard and the seal gelina St., Austin, Texas, was bought and paid a request of you, the secret king- You (and each of you) are hereby commanded of said Court at office in the City of Austin, for by Plaintiff out of her wages ; ana Plaintiff makers." to appear before the 126th District Court of this the 31 d day of November, 1955. Prays for the title to said real property, and for Travis County, Texas, to be held at the court- 0. T. MARTIN, JR., costs of suit and relief, general and special: rouse of said county in the City of Austin, Clerk of the District Courts, All of which more fully appears from Plain. Herman Brown called this "a series Travis County, Texas, at , or before 10 o'clock Travis County, Texas tiff's Original Petition on file in this office : of falsehoods and half-truths." Other A. M. of the first Monday after the expiration By ELI GREER, Deputy If this citation is not served within 90 days of 42 days from the date of issuance hereof ; after date of its issuance; it shall be returned principals entered emphatic denials. that is to say, at or before, 10 o'clock A. M. of CITATION BY PUBLICATION unserved. Monday the 19th day of December, 1951,, and THE STATE OF TEXAS WITNESS, 0. T. MARTIN, JR., Clerk of the Hofheinz said Jesse Jones of the answer the petition of plaintiff in Cause Num- TO Mary E. Staley Defendant, in the herein- District Courts of Travis .County, Texas. Chronicle opposed him because he had ber 101,542, in which Evelyn Sullivan is Plain- after styled and numbered cause: Issued and given under my hand and the seal tiff and Robert James Sullivan is defendant, You (and each of you) are hereby commanded of said Court at office in the City of Austin, this refused to interfere with a tax in- filed- in said Court on the .",rd clay of November, to appear before the 126th District Court of the 7th day of Nov., 1955. 1955, and the nature of which said suit is as Travis County, Texas, to be held at the court- 0. T. MARTIN, JR. The Texas Observer follows : house of said county in the City of Austin, Travis Clerk of the District Courts, Being an action and prayer for judgment in County, Texas, at or before 10 o'clock A. M. of Travis County, Texas Page 7 Nov. 23 , 1955 favor of Plaintiff and against Defendant for the first Monday after the expiration of 42 days 401) By ELI GREER, Deputy • wrilliwoomilmmimimemrp

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• Duval County commissioners have voted to raise their own THE WEEK IN TEXAS aries to $8,500. O The Lecrislative.Budget Board re., ported thatb lonesome and .inactive O. For the second time since Oc- • The man. who owns half of Cor- • The Coastal Bend Political Coun- old folks in the state's mental institu- tober, Dallas County voters /nixed pus Christi's 20-boat shrimp fleet cil, uniting the political efforts of tions . are taking beds and space in- a car tax increase to buy road right- —Sydney Herndon—has ttreatened AFL and CIO members in the area, tended for psychotic patients. They of-way. The vote Nov. 19 was 23,646 to move his boats to Aransas Pass if was formed in Corpus Christi. It will would be happier in their homes if to 23,251—a 395-vote margin; on the city decides to tax the diesel fuel work "to protect the interests of labor proper care could be arranged, the Oct. 1, the tax failed by 270 votes out he stores on his dock. The rest of the and to proinote the public welfare by Board said. Possible solutions sug- of 26,618. Organized labor opposed fleet would leave with him: educational a n d other legitimate gested : 'clarify-and revise laws on the increase and holding the second means." Although the council is not • Army Secretary Wilber M. the responsibility of government and election ; full-page ads in Pallas papers pledged to any party, "our hope lies relatives; . increase the financial re- said "CIO- labor bosses" were trying •Brucker told Governor Shivers with the liberal or loyalist wing of the that permanent facilities at Fort Hood sponsibility of relative's (now $60 .a to kill the increase. . Democratic Party," John .E. Simmons, month if they have it) ; suppleMent will accomodate only one division and public relations Chairman,. said, • A former supervisor in the Nue- that the protested movement of troops old age assistance to erinit entry into ces County tax assessor-collec- to Louisiana will proceed. • An all-white male jury in Aus- convalescent homes ; establish geria- torts office, Mildred Thompson, has tin convicted a 65-year-old Aus- triC centers. • Houston bookies dropped a'lot of been charged , with felony theft of al- tin man of assault to murder without most $7,000 in connection with ap- cash when Aggie fans leaned _malice arid sentenced him to three plication fees for automobile change- heavily on their team, which beat Rice years in the shotgun mutilation of the 20-12, and the bookies, who gave Rice of-title. face of a young Negro airman. The • 'BOW' WILLIAMS 7% points. airman was necking with his girl on a Galveston Mayor Roy C_lough Automobile and • 40 Bradshaw • Mintener, assistant public road-near the home of the ac- talked to a rgand jury two hours General Insurance - secretary of . . health, education, cused. The man's 39-year-old son was about evidence of misappropriation of given nine months. for aggravated as- "a: and welfare, told the Texas • Social Represepts ICT- city funds and materials involving that Texas sault • in the same incident. D.A. Les large amount of money" in adminis- Welfare Assn.. conference social workers, with . a. ratio of one Procter asked for 15 years for both of The Company Owned by Union Members trations prior to his. A $16,000 short- them. age in the city water department has worker . to 399 social . cases, • bear the We are • liberals. We -can write insurance . heaviSt burden in the union. Mrs. for Observer readers anywhere in the been reported. Oveta Culp Hobby of. Houston, Ben • Jesse Jones "of Houston has given State. Call us collect at 2-0545 in Austin. • Four West Texas cotton produc- Wooten of Dallas, Mrs. H. E. Butt of Rice Institute a million dollars for_ "Let's Abolish the Poll Tax" ers have asked a federal district Corpus,- and Mrs. Ray Willoughby of completion of a girls' dormitory. judge in Houston to stop the Texas San Angelo were cited for community Agricultural Stabilization and Conser- service. vation Committee from setting a 1956 The Harris County grand jury A vitally important message to all ICT Group stockholders crop ceiling that they expect would • cut West Texas cotton 240,000 acres. was told of- violence against four or fiVe members of Local 450 of the YOU ARE ENTITLED TO PARTICIPATE IN THE NEW • Thomas White, member of the International Union of Operating.En- - Texas Board of Pardons and Pa- gineers, allegedly by a union official, roles, says Texas needs 80 parole offi- in- connection with jobs. cers and that returnees to prison are increasing because of the "lack of • The securities . division of the -adult probation officers to give them •Secretary of State subpoenaed for examination the stock records, Stockholder constant guidance and supervision when they are paroled." He - blames minutes, and a ledger of a Houston the Legislature. mortgage banking firm, Common- Wealth Credit Corporation, because • Harvey Matusow, the liar arid - of charges alleging misrepresentation Profit Sharing Plan professional ex-communist, is.ap- in the company's stock sales. • The pealing his three-year contempt sen- company says it's a routine check. • After many months of hard work and careful study, The ICT tence for lying in a federal court in El-- Paso. Three judges of the US • The N.A.A.C.P. in Austin has Life insurance company is ready to announce an exclusive Court of Appeals in Fort Worth taken' up the case of an Austin personal benefit plan for ICT Group'stockholders only! „-ued- that three years is Negro woman who was forced to heard it arp. move to the back -of a bus in accord- "Cruel and unusual punishment." ance with a city ordinance. • The Senate Investigating Com-• Called "Stockholder Profit Sharing All who participate --in the Stock- rnittee vrill review new Texas Plan," and available only to ICT holder Profit Sharing Plan create laws on insurance, veterans' land, and - " Group stockholders, this plan profit for themselves in- two ways: The Reese Case offers: corporate stock sales to see- if they 1. FROM CASH. DIVIDENDS PAID AUSTIN have been plugged for loopholes. The 1. INCOME - PRODUCING ON UNITS OF THE PLAN A United Press • dispatch from hearings start Dec, 1. insurance AS STOCKHOLDERS IN ICT Washington quotes a justice Depart- INVESTMENT 2. ment spokesman as saying that the • A citizens' council . ha,,s been INSURANCE COMPANY 0 R department has been 'asked to investi- formed in Waco and its spokes- Z. SAVINGS BANK SECURITY ICT DISCOUNT CORPORA- gate an alleged series of assaults on men say it will use - the anti - integration TION, YOU SHARE IN THE .Negroes in Gregg and Rusk Counties. methods of similar organizations in 3. LIFE INSURANCE PROFITS MADE BY ICT LIFE Mississippi "by cooperating with those The civil rights section of the depart- PROTECTION INSURANCE COMPANY. who cooperate with us." E-conornic ment is considering the matter to de- • termine whether any federal statutes boycotts against Negroes have been used in Mississippi. have been violated, the spokesman If you are an ICT Group stockholder, Home Office Represent- said. The Observer has reported the in- atives will soon be calling on you to fully explain your rights cidents, which culminated Oct. 22 in under the Plan and show you how to exercise them. For your shootings that resulted in the death of a Negro bOy and the wounding of two You are Invited to own benefit and profit, give these Representatives an oppor- Negro girls. tunity to point out many exclusive advantages the plan offers. Rusk County Attorney H. H. Well- born in _ Henderson called on the de- partment for the sources of the corn- CASA LOMA Many of you may want to rGentlemen: plaints "so that law enforcement of- I understand the Stockholder Profit ficers . may proceed with grand jury `Austin's Beautifylly Different have the Plan explained to Sharing Plan offers me as an ICT Group action." Restaurant' you in detail before a Home stockholder many exclusive, unprece- "If your informant knowg any dented benefits. I want to be among the office Representative has a first ICT stockholders to hear all about facts, not rumors, please let me have We Excel In the Plan and receive my Allotment Cer- them and I will recall the grand jury Mexican and American Food chance to contact you per- tificate. So, please have a Home Office and submit them to it," he said. Representative call on me as soon, as assure you that as far as my office is sonally. At right is a cou- possible. concerned, if the guilty partieS can be Attentive and .Courteous Service ascertained, they will be- prosecuted:" pon to be filled out and Prices Everyone Can Afford Name Wellborn told the department that mailed if you would like to he had investigated and found no one Address Who would say who the parties were People of All , Nationalities have complete facts on the or whether they were white or Negro. City State He said he could get no information Most Welcome Plan as soon as possible. to find the guilty parties from white and Negro citizens he had called be- Private Room for Parties fore the grand jury. Phone 7-0680 A Washington report in the El Remember, Paso Times first reported that the Open 11 a.m.-2 a.m. daily, 11 ICT complaints, based on the Observer's Stockholder Nov. 2 edition, had been filed with a.m.-3 a.m. Saturday. Closed LIFE INSURANCE the department 'in • Washington by Wednesday. Profit Sharing Texans there: • COMPANY 800 Lydia Street, Austin Nan Is for ICI (Corner of East 8th) ICT BUILDING, DALLAS Page 8 Nov. 23, 1955 Stockholders only! The Texas Observer