DOCSLIB.ORG

South Asia in the World: Problem Solving Perspectives on Security, Sustainable Development, and Good Governance

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
South Asia in the World: Problem Solving Perspectives on Security, Sustainable Development, and Good Governance United Nations University Press is the publishing arm of United Nations University. UNU Press publishes scholarly and policy-oriented books and periodicals on the issues facing the United Nations and its people and member states, with particular emphasis upon international, regional and trans-boundary policies. United Nations University is an organ of the United Nations estab- lished by the General Assembly in 1972 to be an international community of scholars engaged in research, advanced training, and the dissemination of knowledge related to the pressing global problems of human survi- val, development, and welfare. Its activities focus mainly on the areas of peace and governance, environment and sustainable development, and science and technology in relation to human welfare. The University op- erates through a worldwide network of research and postgraduate train- ing centres, with its planning and coordinating headquarters in Tokyo. South Asia in the world South Asia in the world: Problem solving perspectives on security, sustainable development, and good governance Edited by Ramesh Thakur and Oddny Wiggen United Nations a University Press TOKYO u NEW YORK u PARIS ( The United Nations University, 2004 The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations University. United Nations University Press The United Nations University, 53-70, Jingumae 5-chome, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-8925, Japan Tel: þ81-3-3499-2811 Fax: þ81-3-3406-7345 E-mail: [email protected] (general enquiries): [email protected] http://www.unu.edu United Nations University Office at the United Nations, New York 2 United Nations Plaza, Room DC2-2062, New York, NY 10017, USA Tel: þ1-212-963-6387 Fax: þ1-212-371-9454 E-mail: [email protected] United Nations University Press is the publishing division of the United Nations University. Cover design by Joyce C. Weston Cover photographs Background: UNHCR/P. Benatar Lower left: UNICEF/C34/7/Carolyn Watson Printed in Hong Kong UNUP-1093 ISBN 92-808-1093-6 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data South Asia in the world : problem solving perspectives on security, sustainable development, and good governance / edited by Ramesh Thakur and Oddny Wiggen. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 92-808-1093-6 (pbk.) 1. South Asia—Politics and government. 2. South Asia—Foreign relations. 3. National security—South Asia. 4. United Nations—South Asia. I. Thakur, Ramesh Chandra, 1948– II. Wiggen, Oddny. DS341.S647 2004 954—dc22 2003025281 Contents Acknowledgements. ................................................. ix Listofcontributors.................................................... x Listoffigures.......................................................... xvii Listoftables........................................................... xviii Listofabbreviations................................................... xx Foreword: Mutual interest – The United Nations and South Asia xxii Lloyd Axworthy 1 Introduction: South Asia’s manifold challenge to the internationalcommunity .......................................... 1 Ramesh Thakur and Oddny Wiggen Part I: Overviews ..................................................... 19 2 South Asia in the family of nations . ......................... 21 Inder Kumer Gujral 3 South Asia: Melting pot of global faultlines. .................. 27 Sartaj Aziz v vi CONTENTS Part II: Security ...................................................... 37 4 Nuclear weapons and nuclear war in South Asia: Unknowable Futures . ...................................... 39 Stephen P. Cohen 5 International security in a nuclear South Asia . ................. 58 Christophe Carle 6 National security: Inter-state conflict in South Asia (a Nepali perspective)....................................................... 67 Lok Raj Baral 7 Terrorism and political agitation in post-colonial South Asia: Jammu-KashmirandSriLanka.................................. 84 Kingsley de Silva 8 South Asian contributions to United Nations peacekeeping operations, with particular reference to India’s participation . 104 Satish Nambiar 9 The United Nations and South Asia: Bangladesh’s contributiontoUNpeacekeeping ............................... 115 Syed Fatemy Ahmed Roomy Part III: Development ............................................... 129 10 Pro-poor policies in South Asia. ............................... 131 Hafiz A. Pasha 11 Trade and investment in South Asia. ........................ 145 Farooq Sobhan and Riffat Zaman Part IV: Governance................................................. 171 12 Democratic governance in South Asia: Problems and prospects 173 Gautam Adhikari 13 Pluralism, democracy and governance and South Asia: ThecaseofSriLanka............................................ 185 Paikiasothy Saravanamuttu CONTENTS vii Part V: Environment ................................................. 203 14 Critical links between environment and development in South Asia................................................................. 205 Zafar Adeel and Awais Piracha 15 The environmental challenge to human security in South Asia................................................................. 225 Adil Najam 16 Diffusion of environmental peace? International rivers and bilateral relations in South Asia . ................................ 248 Ashok Swain Part VI: Regional cooperation ....................................... 267 17 A Security Organization for South Asia: Mechanism for conflict resolution in South Asia . ................................ 269 Niaz A. Naik 18 SAARC as an institutional framework for cooperation in South Asia . ........................................................ 279 Nihal Rodrigo Part VII: Human security ............................................ 293 19 Human security: The perspective of children and women in South Asia . ........................................................ 295 Manzoor Ahmed 20 Child malnutrition and gender discrimination in South Asia: Is the worst malnutrition linked to the worst gender discriminationintheworld? ...................................... 315 Santosh Mehrotra 21 ‘‘Hum honge kamiyab . [We shall overcome . .]’’: Non-governmental organizations, the state and human securityinIndia.................................................... 335 Rekha Datta Part VIII: ‘‘9/11’’, Afghanistan and South Asia ..................... 355 22 Post-Taliban Afghanistan and South Asian security. ........... 357 Samina Ahmed viii CONTENTS 23 South-WestAsiaaftertheTaliban............................... 373 Mohammed Ayoob 24 The changing geopolitics of Central, West and South Asia after11September................................................ 395 Amin Saikal Part IX: Towards a brighter future ................................. 411 25 PakistanandIndia:Thewayforward............................ 413 Samina Yasmeen 26 India–Pakistanrelations:Waysforward......................... 429 Gopalaswami Parthasarathy Index.................................................................. 441 Acknowledgements A number of individuals and organizations have provided invaluable assistance and support at various stages of this book project. We are grateful for the support from the embassies of India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh, as well as the UN agencies in Japan in the organization of the conference on ‘‘The United Nations and South Asia’’ at UN House in Tokyo in May 2002, on which the contributions to this volume are based. We deeply appreciate the logistical and administrative assistance offered by Yoshie Sawada of the Peace and Governance Programme of the United Nations University. We are grateful to Lysette Rutgers for excellent editorial assistance in the preparation of the manuscript. We would like to thank UNU Press, particularly Gareth Johnston, for his support in the publication process, and Liz Paton, the copyeditor of this volume. Finally, we wish to thank our contributors for sharing their insights. Ramesh Thakur Oddny Wiggen September 2003 ix Contributors Zafar Adeel is an assistant director of Enterprise Institute in Washington, the United Nations University D.C., USA. He is a consultant on (UNU) International Network on democracy, media affairs, develop- Water, Environment and Health ment communications and South (UNU-INWEH), Canada. He earlier Asian affairs. He is the author of served as an Academic Programme Press Councils: The Indian Experience Officer in the Environment and (1971) and author/editor of India: Sustainable Development The First 50 Years (1997). Programme at the UNU Headquarters in Tokyo. He has Manzoor Ahmed is the convenor of experience in a variety of Education Watch, an independent environmental issues, including research group in Bangladesh, and water quality and pollution, water adviser to UNICEF and BRAC and natural resource management (a major development in dry areas, modelling of non-governmental organization) in environmental systems, and Bangladesh. He previously served as environmental policy development. associate director of programmes at By training, Dr. Adeel is an UNICEF headquarters and as its environmental engineer with country director in China, Ethiopia postgraduate degrees from Carnegie and Japan. He is the author and Mellon University and Iowa State co-author of several books on University, USA. education and development. Gautam Adhikari,formerexecutive Samina Ahmed is project director for editor of The Times of India,isa Afghanistan and South Asia at the visiting
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Veer Naris of 1962 War
    December 15, 2012 Volume VII, Issue 12 100/- or US $10 Asia Defence News Asia DefenceAsian News Defence Analyses. Every Month. December 15, 2012 Volume VII, Issue 12 VII, Issue Volume 100/- or US $10 100/- or Veer Naris Of 1962 War Pak On Tenterhooks Will Pakistan Change? 1971 Revisited Trial And Terror The Incredible Army Vets Gravity Of “Bangladeshi” Menace HE DOES THIS FOR YOU. AND WE REPORT HIS SACRIFICES. Reporters risking their lives at the borders News from the skies and the seas 5 languages 120 newspapers subscribing and growing Which other news agency will give you such in-depth coverage of Asian defence news? ADNI ASIA DEFENCE NEWS INTERNATIONAL THE NEWS AGENCY THAT BRINGS YOU DEFENCE SECURITY COVERAGE LIKE NO ONE ELSE www.asiadefenceinternational.com 10-03-12 • LEO BURNETT, (ASIA DEFENCE NEWS: Page Ad) • 12-1445-04-A-SIKORSKY-ADN-UTCIP113 BLEED: 210mm W X 270mm H •TRIM: 180mm W X 240mm H • ISSUE DATE: 10-12-2012 Sikorsky S-70B helicopter Security. One powerful idea. Battle-proven technology. State-of-the-art equipment. The S-70B protects above and below the water with anti-submarine / anti-surface mission solutions. Its array of fi eld-proven capabilities and mission-adaptive systems makes the S-70B the world’s most capable maritime helicopter. Sikorsky: a business unit of United Technologies. TEL: +91 11 40881000 Otis | Pratt & Whitney | Sikorsky | UTC Aerospace Systems | UTC Climate, Controls & Security Contents 24 Special Reports 24 The Malala Factor: Will Pakistan Change? By Cecil Victor 26 Imran Hits Nail On The Head By
    [Show full text]
  • Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia List of Commanders of the LTTE
    4/29/2016 List of commanders of the LTTE ­ Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia List of commanders of the LTTE From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The following is a list of commanders of theLiberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), also known as the Tamil Tigers, a separatist militant Tamil nationalist organisation, which operated in northern and eastern Sri Lanka from late 1970s to May 2009, until it was defeated by the Sri Lankan Military.[1][2] Date & Place Date & Place Nom de Guerre Real Name Position(s) Notes of Birth of Death Thambi (used only by Velupillai 26 November 1954 19 May Leader of the LTTE Prabhakaran was the supreme closest associates) and Prabhakaran † Velvettithurai 2009(aged 54)[3][4][5] leader of LTTE, which waged a Anna (elder brother) Vellamullivaikkal 25­year violent secessionist campaign in Sri Lanka. His death in Nanthikadal lagoon,Vellamullivaikkal,Mullaitivu, brought an immediate end to the Sri Lankan Civil War. Pottu Amman alias Shanmugalingam 1962 18 May 2009 Leader of Tiger Pottu Amman was the second­in­ Papa Oscar alias Sivashankar † Nayanmarkaddu[6] (aged 47) Organization Security command of LTTE. His death was Sobhigemoorthyalias Kailan Vellamullivaikkal Intelligence Service initially disputed because the dead (TOSIS) and Black body was not found. But in Tigers October 2010,TADA court judge K. Dakshinamurthy dropped charges against Amman, on the Assassination of Rajiv Gandhi, accepting the CBI's report on his demise.[7][8] Selvarasa Shanmugam 6 April 1955 Leader of LTTE since As the chief arms procurer since Pathmanathan (POW) Kumaran Kankesanthurai the death of the origin of the organisation, alias Kumaran Tharmalingam Prabhakaran.
    [Show full text]
  • Twir January 21-Feb 13.Pmd
    January 21-February 3, 20, (4 & 5), 2013 Editor: Sanjeev Kumar Shrivastav Contributors Gulbin Sultana Sri Lanka, Maldives, Bangladesh Gunajn Singh China Mahtab Alam Rizvi Iran Princy Marine George Syria, Israel, Palestine, Turkey Prashant Pradhan Yemen Amit Kumar Defence Review Shristi Pukhrem Internal Security Review Keerthi Kumar UN Review Review Adviser: S. Kalyanaraman Follow IDSA Facebook Twitter 1, Development Enclave, Rao Tula Ram Marg, New Delhi-110010 Telephone: 91-26717983; Fax: 91-11-26154191 Website: www.idsa.in; Email: [email protected] The Week in Review January 21-February 3, 20, (4 & 5), 2013 CONTENTS In This Issue Page I. COUNTRY REVIEWS A. South Asia 2-8 B. East Asia 8-9 C. West Asia 9-12 II. DEFENCE REVIEW 12-15 III. INTERNAL SECURITY REVIEW 15-20 IV. UN REVIEW 21-22 1 The Week in Review January 21-February 3, 20, (4 & 5), 2013 I. COUNTRY REVIEWS A. South Asia Afghanistan Jan 21-27 l Kunduz Anti terror chief killed by suicide bomber According to reports, a suicide bomber has killed several Afghan officials and civilians in a crowded area of the northeast city of Kunduz, including “the city’s counter terrorism police chief and head of traffic police chief”, the Kunduz provincial governor’s spokesman Enayatullah Khaleeq said.1 Jan 28-Feb 3 l Afghan Defence Minister visits Pakistan; Pakistan’ offer to train Afghan forces being considered According to reports, Afghan Defence Minister Bismillah Khan Mohammadi arrived in Islamabad on January 27, commencing a five-day official trip. Leading a six-member delegation, Mohammadi will begin talks with Pakistan’s civil and military authorities on Monday, including Chief of Army Staff General Ashfaq Parvez Kayani.
    [Show full text]
  • Air Power and National Security[INITIAL].P65
    AIR POWER AND NATIONAL SECURITY Indian Air Force: Evolution, Growth and Future AIR POWER AND NATIONAL SECURITY Indian Air Force: Evolution, Growth and Future Air Commodore Ramesh V. Phadke (Retd.) INSTITUTE FOR DEFENCE STUDIES & ANALYSES NEW DELHI PENTAGON PRESS Air Power and National Security: Indian Air Force: Evolution, Growth and Future Air Commodore Ramesh V. Phadke (Retd.) First Published in 2015 Copyright © Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, New Delhi ISBN 978-81-8274-840-8 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without first obtaining written permission of the copyright owner. Disclaimer: The views expressed in this book are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, or the Government of India. Published by PENTAGON PRESS 206, Peacock Lane, Shahpur Jat, New Delhi-110049 Phones: 011-64706243, 26491568 Telefax: 011-26490600 email: [email protected] website: www.pentagonpress.in Branch Flat No.213, Athena-2, Clover Acropolis, Viman Nagar, Pune-411014 Email: [email protected] In association with Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses No. 1, Development Enclave, New Delhi-110010 Phone: +91-11-26717983 Website: www.idsa.in Printed at Avantika Printers Private Limited. This book is dedicated to the memory of my parents, Shri V.V. Phadke and Shrimati Vimal Phadke, My in-laws, Brig. G.S. Sidhu, AVSM and Mrs. Pritam Sidhu, Late Flg. Offr. Harita Deol, my niece, who died in an Avro accident on December 24, 1996, Late Flt.
    [Show full text]
  • Reforming Sri Lankan Presidentialism: Provenance, Problems and Prospects Volume 2
    Reforming Sri Lankan Presidentialism: Provenance, Problems and Prospects Edited by Asanga Welikala Volume 2 18 Failure of Quasi-Gaullist Presidentialism in Sri Lanka Suri Ratnapala Constitutional Choices Sri Lanka’s Constitution combines a presidential system selectively borrowed from the Gaullist Constitution of France with a system of proportional representation in Parliament. The scheme of proportional representation replaced the ‘first past the post’ elections of the independence constitution and of the first republican constitution of 1972. It is strongly favoured by minority parties and several minor parties that owe their very existence to proportional representation. The elective executive presidency, at least initially, enjoyed substantial minority support as the president is directly elected by a national electorate, making it hard for a candidate to win without minority support. (Sri Lanka’s ethnic minorities constitute about 25 per cent of the population.) However, there is a growing national consensus that the quasi-Gaullist experiment has failed. All major political parties have called for its replacement while in opposition although in government, they are invariably seduced to silence by the fruits of office. Assuming that there is political will and ability to change the system, what alternative model should the nation embrace? Constitutions of nations in the modern era tend fall into four categories. 1.! Various forms of authoritarian government. These include absolute monarchies (emirates and sultanates of the Islamic world), personal dictatorships, oligarchies, theocracies (Iran) and single party rule (remaining real or nominal communist states). 2.! Parliamentary government based on the Westminster system with a largely ceremonial constitutional monarch or president. Most Western European countries, India, Japan, Israel and many former British colonies have this model with local variations.
    [Show full text]
  • Italy's Atlanticism Between Foreign and Internal
    UNISCI Discussion Papers, Nº 25 (January / Enero 2011) ISSN 1696-2206 ITALY’S ATLANTICISM BETWEEN FOREIGN AND INTERNAL POLITICS Massimo de Leonardis 1 Catholic University of the Sacred Heart Abstract: In spite of being a defeated country in the Second World War, Italy was a founding member of the Atlantic Alliance, because the USA highly valued her strategic importance and wished to assure her political stability. After 1955, Italy tried to advocate the Alliance’s role in the Near East and in Mediterranean Africa. The Suez crisis offered Italy the opportunity to forge closer ties with Washington at the same time appearing progressive and friendly to the Arabs in the Mediterranean, where she tried to be a protagonist vis a vis the so called neo- Atlanticism. This link with Washington was also instrumental to neutralize General De Gaulle’s ambitions of an Anglo-French-American directorate. The main issues of Italy’s Atlantic policy in the first years of “centre-left” coalitions, between 1962 and 1968, were the removal of the Jupiter missiles from Italy as a result of the Cuban missile crisis, French policy towards NATO and the EEC, Multilateral [nuclear] Force [MLF] and the revision of the Alliance’ strategy from “massive retaliation” to “flexible response”. On all these issues the Italian government was consonant with the United States. After the period of the late Sixties and Seventies when political instability, terrorism and high inflation undermined the Italian role in international relations, the decision in 1979 to accept the Euromissiles was a landmark in the history of Italian participation to NATO.
    [Show full text]
  • Associated Canals
    ECODYNAMICS AND FISHERY STATUS OF UPPER STRETCH OF RIVER YAMUNA AND ASSOCIATEDCANALS September ZOO3 Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute (Indian Council of Agricultural Research) Barrackpore, Kokata -700 120 West Bengal Ecodynamics and Fishery Status of Upper Stretch of River Yamuna and Associated Canals Material cor~tninedb~ dis B~rllerirrntap rlor he repmdrrced, in any foni~, without the perrnis~iorrofrlre publisher Produced at : The Pmjecl Monitoring & Documentation Section CIFRI, Barrackpore Assistance : Kishore Shaw hblishcd by : The Director, CIFRI, Barrackpore Printed at : MIS. Classic Printer, 93, D.D. Road, Kolkata-700048 PREFACE River Yamuna, also called Kalindi in some areas, is the largest tributary of Ganga having a run of 1376 km draining an area of 3,66,223 sq.km. Its catchment area of 3,425,848 km2 is spread over 7 Northem States. Yamuna basin has been well developed from time Immemorial. Great civilizations from Mahabharat (Kurukshetra, lndraprastha (Delhi), Mathura) to Moghul (Agra) to Maratha times (Indore, Gwalior) all dwelt within its catchment area. Presence of all these civilizations show that Yamuna basin was well developed with regard to agriculture, industrialization and urbanization. Resources of upper Yamuna have been utilized from mid historical per~odsof Ferozshah Tughlak times. He was the first to utilize Yamuna water for irrigation. A 160 km long canal from Tajewallah to present Hissar district of Hatyana was calved in his regime. Mughal king Akbar extended the canal right up to Delhi. In 19Ih century Britishers rebuilt the irrigation system by constructing Tajewallah barrage in 1899 and calving 2 main irrigation canals, Westem and Eastern Yamuna Canal, the former irrigating present day Haryana and the latter Western U.P.
    [Show full text]
  • Vision Document for Haryana
    1 VISION DOCUMENT FOR HARYANA The main aim of this document and policy directive is to provide general guidelines to make the State financially healthy, lead to Economic Growth, reduce borrowings by the State, and encourage industry and generate employment and job opportunities. Main Areas of Focus for development would - Industry, agriculture, service sector and development of tourism with special emphasis on religious tourism and cultural heritage. Literacy rate of Haryana shall be raised to 85%. Target would be to increase GDP growth rate to 10% plus within 5 years. The ultimate aim is to raise the Happiness index of the Citizens. Overall aim would be for “DEVELOPING ZERO DEFECT INDUSTRY WITH ZERO EFFECT ON ENVIRONMENT” in five years. Our motto “Minimum Government and Maximum Governance”. OTHER STRUCTURAL HIGHLIGHTS: We would ensure strict implementation of ban on Cow slaughter in Haryana. Separate high court would be set up for Haryana. Sutlej Yamuna Link Canal would be completed. URBAN FOCUS AND NCR - The overall development of all the districts through empowered local bodies and Panchayats. NCR Development Authority will be set for special emphasis on the development of NCR and its economic advantages. SEPARATE CAPITAL OF HARYANA SHALL BE SET UP AS A SMART CITY WITH HIGH TECHNOLOGY. 2 GURGAON NCR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY: Gurgaon NCR Development Authority would be created for areas comprising of the district of Gurgaon, Faridabad and Rewari for enabling the integrated development of these areas. SONEPAT NCR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY: Sonepat NCR Development Authority would be created for areas comprising of the districts of Sonepat, Rohtak and Jhajhar to enable integrated development of these areas.
    [Show full text]
  • Orm Lead T^^Pitalism? ^ * Tianjin Sewage Treatment Plant China's Largest Sewage Treatment Plant Was Completed Recently in Tianjin
    w A CHINESE WEEKLY OF NEWS AND VIEWS February 3, 1986 Vol. 2^mr% orm Lead T^^pitalism? ^ * Tianjin Sewage Treatment Plant China's largest sewage treatment plant was completed recently in Tianjin. With an area of 30 hectares, and a waste capacity of 360,000 tons a day, the plant contains a water pump station, precipitation and aeration tanks and sludge digestion containers. Lab technicians testing the water at the Tianjin Sewage Treament Plant. Waste water treatment facilities in the sewage treatment plant. The methane gas produced in the process of treating sludge at the plant is used to generate electricity. A view of the Tianjin Sewage Treatment Plant. SPOTLIQHT VOL. 29, NO. 5 FEBRUARY 3, 1986 HIGHLIGHTS OF THE WEEK CONTENTS NOTES FROM THE EDITORS 4-5 Taiwan—Tugging at Chinese Formula for China's Reunification Heartstrings The "one country, two systems " concept, advocated by EVENTS/TRENI^ 6-10 the Chinese Party and government, proved successful in solving Zhao Outlines Tasks for '86 the Hongkong issue in 1984. After making a detailed analysis of Reform the common ground and conditions for the reunification of Steel Industry Sets Moderate Taiwan and the mainland, the author concluded that the Goal Taiwan issue, though different from that of Hongkong, can Education Made Compulsory also be settled by the "one country, two systems" method (p. Welfare Benelits 100 Million 18). Needy 100-Yr-OId Donates Body to Medicine Zliao Sets Goals for '86 Reform Obese Children Worries Doctors At a national conference on planning and economic work INTERNAT10MAL 1114 held in Beijing recently, Chinese Premier Zhao Ziyang said United States: King's Dream Not China's major tasks for 1986 economic reform were to improve Yet Reality overall economic control, continue the current reforms already India-Pakistan: Neighbours Gett• in place and invigorate production.
    [Show full text]
  • Tides of Violence: Mapping the Sri Lankan Conflict from 1983 to 2009 About the Public Interest Advocacy Centre
    Tides of violence: mapping the Sri Lankan conflict from 1983 to 2009 About the Public Interest Advocacy Centre The Public Interest Advocacy Centre (PIAC) is an independent, non-profit legal centre based in Sydney. Established in 1982, PIAC tackles barriers to justice and fairness experienced by people who are vulnerable or facing disadvantage. We ensure basic rights are enjoyed across the community through legal assistance and strategic litigation, public policy development, communication and training. 2nd edition May 2019 Contact: Public Interest Advocacy Centre Level 5, 175 Liverpool St Sydney NSW 2000 Website: www.piac.asn.au Public Interest Advocacy Centre @PIACnews The Public Interest Advocacy Centre office is located on the land of the Gadigal of the Eora Nation. TIDES OF VIOLENCE: MAPPING THE SRI LANKAN CONFLICT FROM 1983 TO 2009 03 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................................................... 09 Background to CMAP .............................................................................................................................................09 Report overview .......................................................................................................................................................09 Key violation patterns in each time period ......................................................................................................09 24 July 1983 – 28 July 1987 .................................................................................................................................10
    [Show full text]
  • The Path to Power
    THE PATH TO POWER Programme of the South African Communist Party as Adopted at the Seventh Congress, 1989 CONTENTS Introduction 1. The World Revolutionary Process The Three Main Revolutionary Contingents 2. The Revolutionary Process in Africa The Transition to Socialism The Southern African Region 3. Colonialism of a Special Type The Origins of Colonialism of a Special Type The Class and Social Structure of Colonialism of a Special Type The Crisis of Colonialism of a Special Type 4. National Democratic Revolution The Role of the Working Class in the National Democratic Revolution The National Democratic Revolution and the Transition to Socialism The Socialist Perspective 5. The National Democratic Movement and the Vanguard Role of the Communist Party Vanguard Role of the SACP The Vanguard Party and the Mass Democratic Movement 6. The Path to Power in the National Democratic Revolution A New Strategic Line Our Approach to Armed Struggle Relationship Between Military and Other Forms of Political Struggle Seizure of Power Prospects for a Negotiated Transfer of Power The Enemy Armed Forces The White Community and Armed Conflict The Masses are the Key Introduction The prospects of achieving a revolutionary breakthrough in South Africa are greater today than ever before in our history. The apartheid regime faces an all- round crisis which results from our broad revolutionary offensive, together with the internal contradictions among the rulers. The crisis of racial tyranny cannot be resolved, except by the revolutionary transformation of our country. The national liberation offensive is led by the African National Congress in revolutionary alliance with the vanguard workers' party - the South African Communist Party - and the South African Congress of Trade Unions.
    [Show full text]
  • Transitional Justice for Women Ex-Combatants in Sri Lanka
    Transitional Justice for Women Ex-Combatants in Sri Lanka Nirekha De Silva Transitional Justice for Women Ex-Combatants in Sri Lanka Copyright© WISCOMP Foundation for Universal Responsibility Of His Holiness The Dalai Lama, New Delhi, India, 2006. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Published by WISCOMP Foundation for Universal Responsibility Of His Holiness The Dalai Lama Core 4A, UGF, India Habitat Centre Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110 003, India This initiative was made possible by a grant from the Ford Foundation. The views expressed are those of the author. They do not necessarily reflect those of WISCOMP or the Foundation for Universal Responsibility of HH The Dalai Lama, nor are they endorsed by them. 2 Contents Acknowledgements 5 Preface 7 Introduction 9 Methodology 11 List of Abbreviations 13 Civil War in Sri Lanka 14 Army Women 20 LTTE Women 34 Peace and the process of Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration 45 Human Needs and Human Rights in Reintegration 55 Psychological Barriers in Reintegration 68 Social Adjustment to Civil Life 81 Available Mechanisms 87 Recommendations 96 Directory of Available Resources 100 • Counselling Centres 100 • Foreign Recruitment 102 • Local Recruitment 132 • Vocational Training 133 • Financial Resources 160 • Non-Government Organizations (NGO’s) 163 Bibliography 199 List of People Interviewed 204 3 4 Acknowledgements I am grateful to Dr. Meenakshi Gopinath and Sumona DasGupta of Women in Security, Conflict Management and Peace (WISCOMP), India, for offering the Scholar for Peace Fellowship in 2005.
    [Show full text]