Eisenhower Must Share Blame for Violence By Farrell Dobbs National Secretaryj Socialist Workers Party President Eisenhower’s weak-kneed response to racist courageous Negro people in the South whenever they need purely as vote-getters at home. prosecution of such ringleaders of racism as Gov. Faubus violence in the South is criminal. His temporizing with it to back their own magnificent efforts. They need the Actually U.S. Big Business will permit only a minimum is in order. So is the demand that federal powers be Gov. Faubus’ armed rebellion has greatly emboldened the aid now. of concessions to race equality, since it profits hugely applied to the fullest extent) to enforce school integration. white-supremacists. The federal government has enforcement powers in from segregation and discrimination. But beyond that, there is the need to replace the Big- Eisenhower must share the blame for the humiliations, cluding use of federal troops. But Eisenhower refuses to The aid the embattled Negro people need and can’t Business dominated government with a government rep beatings, mutiliations and bombings in Arkansas, Ala use these powers. get from Big Business politicians must come from the resenting the w orking people. bama, N orth Carolina and Tennessee. The Negro people His professed opposition to Jim Crow is phony. So are American working people. The failure of the top AFL- It is necessary for all genuine civil-rights champions and the numerous! Southern whites who accept desegrega similar professions by all the other Big Business OIO officials to mobilize aid for the Niegro people at this to promote the idea of a labor party with a fighting tion have been made to suffer by his temporizing course. politicians, the Northern Democrats included. They are tim e is ju s t as crim inal as Eisenhower’s temporizing program and leadership. Such a party in power can be Enforcement is the key to civil rights. That means made for international propaganda purposes — primarily course. counted on to enforce the constitutional rights of the speedy and decisive aid by the federal government to the in dealing with Asia and Africa. And they are designed Mass pressure on the U.S. government for arrest and Negro people.
“ We may be beaten but not licked. We may be wounded but not dead. We may be down but certainly not out. W e’re going to hold our heads up and press the fight. We are front line soldiers in the battle of America. . . ” — Rev. F. L. Shuttlesworth, after beating by white hoodlums while escorting his children to a Birmingham school. THE MILITANT PUBLISHED WEEKLY IN THE INTERESTS OF THE WORKING PEOPLE
Vol. X X I - No. 37 267 NEW YORK, N. Y„ MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 16, 1957 PRICE 10c Cowley Challenges Mayor Wagner on PRESIDENT FAILS TO HALT Integration Stand By Joyce Cowley FAUBUS' ARMED DEFIANCE Socialist Workers Party Candidate For Mayor of New York "' vlr SEPT. 11 —i Mayor Wagner, a Democrat, said yester Law and Order’ in Little Rock day that he felt “ very sad” that Gov. Faubus of Arkansas, NegroYouth Governor’s Acts another Democrat, had blocked school integration in Little Rock. )------• ----- in segregated schools. But Wagner did not utter a . p^isThis proves once more that we Show Their word about school integration in cjm,tcan’t reJyrely QRon capitalist polipoli. Embolden Racist New York City. Last February, ticians, Democratic or Republi the Board of Education passed can, to carry out an integration recommendations to integrate program. What is needed is inde Heroism New York City schools Which pendent political action by the Gangs in South included broad changes in zoning Negro and Puerto Rican people B y Fred Halstead and teacher assignments. The — and by the working class By George Lavan recommendations were to go into As the fall school semester be generally — to elect officials gan in the South, Negro chil SEPT. 12 — The main factor keeping the nine Ne effect by September. But when who will enforce laws against schools opened last Monday, no dren braved abuse and serious gro children of Little Rock from attending Central High segregation. V' steps had been taken to carry physical danger to outer, or” At School is not Gov. Faubus’ national guard but President out the program adopted in tempt to enter, school^ they have Eisenhower’s spinelessness in upholding the Constitution a rig h t to attend. •'ii - February. , where Negro rights are concerned. In Little Rock, Ark. On Aug. 20, after the Com This Presidential reluctance to act against Faubus’ mission on Integration charged o f nine N egro students w.hp :at- Superintendent of Schools Jansen temped to enter Central High armed defiance of the federal courts not only fed and with “deliberately confusing, School was Eiizaibeth Eckford, 16. prolonged the barring of the Negro children in Little delaying, distorting and side She arrived at the school by bus Rock but promises to end in a deal perm itting Faubus and alone on the morning 'of tracking” reports of the Com — — (tyto continue barring these chil Sept. 4. iShe w alked fro m the bus mission, the Mayor’s office an dren for an indefinite period — stop past a jeering mob of about nounced that it would not in perhaps long enough to prevent 300 white racists and'■repeatedly terfere in the controversy. integration in Little Rock this tried to get to the school. Each Birmingham In New York as in Little Rock, year. It is for precisely such a time she was stopped by ,A-rkan« the story is the same: getting deal that the meeting between sas National Guardsmen, '200;/of legal approval of integration is •Faubus and the President has whom surrounded the school not enough if government of Thugs Beat been arranged in Newport. property. Finally she turlied and ficials won’t enforce it. In New York official indifference is walked calmly along' the line .of VIOLENCE SPREADS used instead of guns but the soldiers hack to the bus stop, un Rights Leader But Eisenhower’s le th a rg y effect is the same. Negro and daunted iby the racist mob, that about his oath to “preserve, followed her. Puerto Rican children continue A civil rights leader in Birm protect and defend the Constitu ingham, Ala. was the victim of a to receive an inferior education JOYCE COWLEY WILL STICK IT OUT jj?V tion” has damaged more than b ru ta l ra c is t a tta ck when he the Negro schoolchildren of Elizabeth Eckford said later attempted to escort, four Negro Little Rock. th a t she w ould study on hier own children into Phillips High It is directly responsible for until she was admitted to Cen School, Sept. 9. They sought to the spread of anti-integration tral High. “I’m not going back Legless Veteran Refused test segregation in the state’s violence in other parts of the to Horace Mann” [the Jim Crow public school system. Rev. F. L. South. Because Faubus’ militia Negro School], she said. Shuttlesworth was severely was permitted to get away with A campaign of intimidation is beaten by a white gang wielding keeping Negroes out of the B a d Pay Due from Gov t still being carried on against the brass knuckles, chains and clubs, Arkansas sdhool, racists in nine Little Rock youths. “Ever as he alighted from the car in NEW YORK. Sept. 11 — James Kutcher, the legless Tennessee and elsewhere were since Wednesday,” says tihé Sépti which he had brought the chil emboldened to do their utmost veteran why after an eight year fight in the courts won 10 N.Y. Times, “ the phones have dren to the school entrance. in the hope of similarly preven back his job in the Veterans Administration, told reporters not stopped ringing at the Moth- The Negroes had sent a tele ting integration. And the end is today that he still has a fightS - ershead home or the .homeB of gram informing police of their not yet in sight! The Deep South on his hands. I has been receiving and continues the other students Involved. intention to enter the school, but politicians, who instigated and 'Sometimes the phone wild ring Labor Leaders, the Democrats only three policemen were encouraged Faubus, arc en Kutcher revealed that the gov-[to receive his bi-weekly salary eminent has refused him back!'Vth the approval of the same at three in the morning and a present when they arrived. The couraged by the federal govern pay amounting to $22,832 be-1 Comptroller General. voice on the other side w ill cry: police arrested three of the ment’s softness. If, as now ap ‘Your house is on fire.’ Again, whites after the beating took pears likely, Faubus gets off cause of his political ideas and LETTER TO PRESIDENT the phone will ring in the eve place. (Rev. Shuttlesworth is membership in the Socialist | Jn an effort to avoi(J the A nd the Arkansas Crisis scot free or with a mere slap ning- or in the middle of the head of the Alabama Christian Workers Party. This is a direct | ]engthy and cosUy ]itigation on the wrist, the governors of night. This harassment goes on An Editorial Movement for Human Rights. Mississippi, Alabama. Georgia, violation of he , 9 5 i dec.s.on of:which fighting this out in the continuously.” Tiielma iviothers- His home was dynamited last the U.S. Court of Appeals which etc. will use their national courts would mean, Kutcher has head, 16, who w ants to be a December when he was involved rejected arguments that Kutch- The use of troops by the Democratic fine support to capitalist pan-ties and guards against desegregation written a personal letter to school teacher, says o f these in a bus-integration test case.) er’s political beliefs and SWP Governor of Arkansas to bar nine Negro capitalist politicians. Consequently the when their turn comes. Eisenhower asking him to cut calls: “They talk hough. I’ve membership justified his firing. letter, The four students with Rev. For several days the capitalist learned a lot of new bad ivords children from Little Rock’s Central High lesser-evil AFL-CIO endorsements stink Shuttlesworth were part of a The court then ordered that he * today, was sent press has been carrying stories this week.” School makes it as plain as a bayonet higher to heaven each year. The labor be put back to work with all i group of nine v’hose parents citing unnamed officials in Aug. 23. In it Kutcher said to that labor and the Negro people must leaders know this but nevertheless they had petitioned the Board of rig h ts . ‘I’LL BE BACK’ Washington and Little Rock as Eisenhower: abandon their suicidal policy of coalition urge the workers and the Negro people ' Education to begin integration. hopeful for a compromise be ONE THING MISSING “I am writing to ask you your Said C a rlo tta W alls, 14, “ I do with the Democratic Party. to vote for these Democratic so-called | The Board took no action, but tween the Arkansas governor K u tc h e r g o t back his job as personal intervention to prevent want to go to school, but I’m present among the spectators and the federal government. clerk and all his rights — an injustice by the government not going to back down—Gov Governor Faubus was elected the last “ friends” o f labor and the Negro people. when the petitions were present Such statements of course, come seniority, pay increases insti in whose military service I lost ernor Faubus is.” Ernest Green, time and the time before that with AFL- If the recent collusion of the Northern ed, Sept. 6, was an unidbntified from top figures in Faubus’ ad tuted during’ his illegal firing, a both my legs. . . . After- a year 15, said, “ C e ntral H igdi is the CIO and Negro support. What a criminal Democratic liberals with the Dixiecrats white man wearing a button ministration and from White of waiting I now hear from the ten-year employe’s service pin, closest school for me and its misuse of the electioneering energy, to whittle the civil-rights bill down to picturing two Negroes hanging House personnel. “Non-attrib- etc. Only on one thing was there Comptroller General that he from ropes. The previous week uted” statements are the u3ual got a better curriculum. I want practically nothing wasn’t proof enough, any hitch — his claim for back won’t pay me because I belonged to be an engineer. I’m no quit financial contributions and votes of or a Negro, Judge Aaron, had been means by which officials give pay was batted around from and belong to the Socialist te r. I ’l l be -back.” ganized labor and the Negro people it was look at the current attempt of Northern brutally tortured and castrated reporters off-the-recoi’d informa bureaucrat to bureaucrat. The Workers Party. Mr. President, by Ku Klux Klansmen who told tion. In Charlotte, N.Ç., the only to put a scoundrel like Faubus in office. Democratic liberals to bail Governor Veterans Administration handed this is ridiculous. The govern their victim to warn Rev. The Washington Correspondent Negro to be admitted to Hard Could the Arkansas Chamber of Com Faubus out of a situation they fear may- it to the Department of Justice ment is paying me today and I Shuttlesworth that “the same in g High School (enrollment of the New York Her-ald Tribune, which finally handed it back to merce1 or the White Citizens Councils become dangerous both fo r him and the thing will happen to Negroes in a dispatch dated Sept. 11, belong to the Socialist Workers 1200) on opening day, Sept., 4, the VA without any decision. have directed labor’s endorsement in the Democratic Party. who try to enroll their children writes: “An attitude of hopeful Party. The same appropriation was Dorothy Counts, 15, daugh Then it was eventually sent to in white schools.” Three of the expectation, short of optimism, ter of a professor. :S’he had to state election they could not have picked Democratic Gov. /Furcolo of Mas the Comptroller General. After and other acts apply to my pay Klansmen were arrested and two took hold of officials today. . . . brave a mob of several hundred a more, evil, anti-Negro reactionary, than sachusetts,, like Faubus a labor-endorsed more than a year had passed today as apply to my back pay. confessed to this crime according The Governor’s request for a hooting and screaming racists to Kutcher got the answer. It was I know that if you told the At Faubus has proven to be. But this is not liberal, tried to forestall possible federal to a Sept 7 United Press dis meeting with President Eisen enter the school. When she left « N o !” the first time. In hundreds of cases from action against Faubus, by proposing a patch. hower this weekend was seen torney General to look into this in the afternoon, she and her sin The Comptroller General local elections on up, labor-endorsed bipartisan committee of five governors Birmingham police have an as the preview of a possible matter and to urge the Comp gle escort were showered with claims that he cannot give the nounced that Negroes will not face-saver for Gov. Faubus. troller General to reconsider my sticks and water from paper candidates have proved themselves in of to settle the Little Rock struggle. Its back pay because the law forbids be integrated and since the Sept. That planned interview, it is cups and followed by the racists fice to be enemies of labor and the Ne composition would be two Southerners, payment of government money case, I will get these funds. If 9 beating have barred Negroes known, was arranged largely by along the two block walk to a to a person f Kutcher’s political it is legal to pay me bi-weekly gro people. This is not because the top two border-staters and one Northerner. from approaching white schools. a White House emissary who waiting car. That evening the ef views and affiliation. How out-,noW) ^ ¡s certainly equally legal bureaucracy of the union and Negro or Faubus quickly agreed to the plan. This A bus load of Negro students arrived secretly in Little Rock figy of a Negro girl was hanged landish th's is may be seen when were held for questioning, Sept. Monday night - [Sept. 9] and to pay me what I would have from atop the flagpole at Hard ganizations cannot recognize a slippery, was a move to bargain away the rights it i- realize 1 that this applies 11, in connection with an spent most of yesterday confer earned had I not been illegally ing High, but Dorothy Counts unprincipled politician when they see one, of the Negro schoolchildren. It was so only to back pay—not to current alleged rock-throwing incident. ring with the governor- and pay. Kutcher for the last year discharged.'” (Continued on page 3) hut because the o fficia l policy is to con (Continued on page 3) All but seven were released. (Continued on page 3) Page 2 THE MILITANT Monday, September 16, 1957
^Literature Trotsky’s Views Spreading in USSR
By Daniel Roberts leader. If this were all, Trotsky^» lite and Zinovievite “deviatoi's,” ing the last three decades. But would not occupy as much place to be sure, who sought to op A significant aspect of the this will not satisfy young work in the Soviet discussions as he pose the general line and whom And Revolution77 crisis of the Stalinist regime in ers and intellectuals seeking a does— 17 years after his assassi one can even suspect of having- the Soviet-orbit is the growing genuine end to Stalinist tyranny. nation and 30 after his deporta assassinated Kirov. ‘‘But that is LITERATI RE AND REVOLUTION. By Leon Trotsky. New York: interest shown by workers, stu They want to know how Sta tion from Moscow. The intelli all one can learn about them. 'Russell «lid Russell, 1957, 256 pp., $3.75. dents and other young intellec linism came into being, what its gentsia of Moscow, W arsaw, Thus there were never any tuals in the disputes of the relation is to the rule of the Prague, East Berlin . . . and trials, purges or counter-purges This is the finest arid most comprehensive Marxist 1920's between the Stalinists and bureaucratic caste, and above all perhaps even of Peking, are in 1985 - 3d.” A s fo r Stalin, work on -art yet written. While Marx and Engels gave the Communist opponents of the how to get rid of it so as’ to the manual mentions him only us brilliant analyses of the relation of art to Society and bureaucratic regime — primarily wondering whether they can clear the way for a new ad learn anything from Trotsky. Do four times after 1925. It cites vance to socialism. They deeply o f several individual writers,St the Trotskyists. his writings convey any mes his election to the general sec resent the continued ban on opposition and condemnation, the these are brief' and in passing. Evidence of this awakening in sage to Communists who are retariat, his speech of June 22, Trotsky’s works and the falsifi official justification was the The tremendous tasks the found terest comes from many quar freeing themselves from Stalin 1941 following the Nazi inva cation of the -historical record. “theory” of proletarian art. This ers of scientific socialism had ters. The account of Maurice ism and tiying to shape an al sion of the Soviet Union, his For they suspect that Trotsky, vulgar Marxist theory antedated assigned themselves denied them, Pelter, an ex-Communist Party ternative to it? ” participation at the Yalta con co-leader with Lenin of the Oc and- us,- the full-scale works on Stalinism. It was the creation of member in England, appeared in In this connection, Deutscher ference and his death. tober 1917 revo lu tion and fo re literature and art they wished shallow thinkers, misguided class last week’s Militant. Pelter went, cites a document that was cir The manual simply expunges most opponent of the Stalinist to, do. Plekhanov and Mehring “patriots” and demagogues. It to the Moscow Youth Festival, culated last spring in East Ger everything from the record that are the socialist writers to wihom is still found as a theoretical bureaucracy, will help them find and in the course of bis stay many. It sought to elaborate a Khrushchev and Co. find con we are most indebted for such current in the socialist move in the Soviet Union was able the answers they are looking for. program against bureaucracy by troversial or emlbarrassinig dur- studies. But their work was done ment and in Communist Parties to discuss freely with a num reexamination of the dispute of in an epoch which now seems of this and other countries. In ber of young Soviet intellectuals. the Twenties. Wolfgang Harich, quite remote — separated from the present work, Trotsky deals “There is an overwhelming in the author of the document, was ■modern life by the G reat D ivid e devastatingly and in detail with terest in the polemics of the “proletarian” art from its wrong _ . , sentenced to ten years in prison of imperialist world war and the Twenties and how they relate to for -treason,” What he wanted Eisenhower Russian Revolution. premise to its attempted appli the problems of the Party i n was to reform the East G<,Pman cations. Those who think that a U P TO D A T E the present period, Pelter re- Communist Party from within, “ proletarian culture” is possible ports. ‘ But it is still very drf-| «We adhere to Marxism-Lenm- Modern society and its prob cannot honestly refuse to sub ficult for members to olbtam the ism. we reject Stalinism,” said lems are, however, the province mit their ideas to a reading of Issues Threat relevant archives. ^ ^ | Harioh. “This means that Marx- of Trotsky’s writings. Though th is book. the assassin’s pick pierced his Another recent visitor to Mos- jsm-Lenindsm must be comple- Literature and Revolution be cow, Cedric Belfrage, reports in mented and broadened by tak- brain 17 years ago, his living gins with a series of studies of thoughts remain the best state the Sept, 2 National Guardian jng account of the thoughts of the various R ussian lite ra ry “the appearance on a wall-news-| Trotsky, and even more of Bu- Of War to Syria ment, analysis and solution of schools which had existed before paper board of a gyoup mam- Jcharin, Rosa Luxemburg and contemporary mankind’s prob the Revolution and their reac By Myra Tanner Weiss lems. The pertinence of Trotsky’s festo against the distorting of ,partly, Karl Kuutsky.” Harioh’s tions—in exile or in the USSR— Soviet history, including the role thinking is very confused. He On Sept. 7, President Eisenhower threatened war ideas is being appreciated more to ¡Soviet society. Taken up next each p a s s i n g m onth by the of Trotsky. This ^ was removed /wants to unite the teachings of with Syria and announced an airlift of arms to Syria’s are the schools which developed and put back again, and finally such irreconcilable opponents as a w ake n in g intellectuals and LEON TROTSKY hostile neighbors in the Mideast. In addition the U.S. during or soon after the Revo the expulsion of five students Trotsky and Bukharin, Luxem- workers in the Soviet orbit and ■Sixth F le e t is now reported®- lution. While many of these and connected with it was announced, ¡burg and Kautsky. But what is by Marxist students in the rest per cent, real wages have dou other outstanding figures are un A protest against this, which -equally significant is that he to create the theory of Hungar and, Khrushchev tried to slow cruising off the ¡Syrian shores. of the world. bled.” known to the American .reader, even th e university Komsomol ian socialism by means of a re down public discussion—pro or After a sudden . conference To read Literature and Revo and' many others like him are Trotsky’s discussion of them is leader signed, was successful.” examination of all the theories con— on the Stalin cult. with Secretary of ¡State Dulles Hut since UjS. pressure began, lution is .to understand why. seeking to rebuild a theoretical not only interesting in itself but considered until now -to be defin The result is to be seen in a and U.S. Mideast envoy, Loy the ¡Syrian economy has suffered Here Trotsky not only extends basis for the fight against Sta sheds much light on analogous MEANING FOR TODAY itive and their confrontation with new manual off Soviet history re Henderson, Dulles issued a state one catastrophe after another. and enriches prior Marxist stu linism and the struggle for so literary movements in American Again, Isaac Deutscher, who is the reality of our epoch. It is cently published in the USSR. ment, Sept. 7, that said, “The Only two alternatives existed: dies of the lasting features of cialism . and Western European litera well informed on all Soviet de only after having clarified our The manual, says Karl Landon President affirmed his intention either capitulate to U.S. de literature but takes up specific ture. Many of the analyses of velopments, states in the Aug. HUNGARICUS DOCUMENT ideas, our goals, that we must in the Auig. 22 France Observa to carry out the national policy mands or accept aid from the modern schools and artists per individual writers are true gems 24 New Statesman that “a new Another important document pass to the second stage, that of teur, is certainly à radical re . .. and exercise as needed the Soviet orbit. ¡Syria took the lat force unknown to his great fore of literary criticism. generation of the Soviet intelli which looks to the struggles of organization.” vision of .Stalinist history. There authority thereby conferred on ter course. runners. More, he deals with The latter half of the book gentsia are grappling with the the Twenties for guidance in At the 20th Congress of the is no glorification of Stalin the President.” This was a ref A ¡Syrian corporation lawyer, questions that history had not deals more with the theoretical significance of Trotsky’s strug the fight against Stalinism is by ¡Soviet Communist Party last- “ But, paradoxically, it gives the erence to the Eisenhower Doc in te rvie w ed ¡by Johnson, ex placed before them: the attitude questions of literature and socie gle against Stalin and with its Hungaricus. Circulated among year, Khrushchev struck at the lie to Khrushchev’s pronounce trin e passed ¡by Congress la s t plained last June that "West of the working class and its ty, “proletarian” art, the social relevance to the problems of the H u n eg arian Communist Party Stalin cult and dealt a mortal ments about the ‘nightmare we winter despite strong popular op ern business interests won’t give party to art and artists after ist art of the future and the ipost-IStalin era. The issue of members who fought on the side iblow to the ideology of Stalin ■have lived.’ In fact, it would position. it gives the president us easy, long-term- credit, and the conquest of state power. general perspectives for human Trotsky’s rehabilitation lurks be of the workers in the revolution ism. But Khrushchev has not seem that there never was a war-making powers in the Mid their tenders for contracts are This is the very question which culture. There is also a brief hind some of the current polit last November, it deals with the been aible to p u t a coherent, sci personality cult over the years, east under the guise of prevent not competitive. So we look to today plagues the ruling bureau essay on architecture. ical conf licts as well.... tasks of the anti-Stalinist CP- entific ideology in its place. As nor any violation of socialist le ing “aggression” by “interna the East. From ' them we can cracy throughout the Soviet oilbit Reading this book is pure de “Wlhat is involved here is not ers. (Excerpts from the Hungar the crisis of the bureaucratic gality. For Stalin, himself, hard tional communism.” get 20-year loans at 215 per ¡because o f the half-open, h a lf light as well as intellectual stim merely history or the rendering icus document appeared in the rule deepened afte.r the 20th ly lived ' a fte r 1925.” cent. Can you [the West] com concealed agitation of the intel SOVIET ECONOMIC AID ulation. Trotsky’s own literary of posthumous justice to the rep June 17 and 24 Militant.) The Congress revelations and led to According to the new manual, pete with that? Of the last lectuals. The fight of the intel talent is nowhere better demon utation of a great revolutionary first task, says Hungaricus, “is explosions in Hungary and Pol- •there were Trotskyist, Bukharin- U;S. charges that the Syrian three big contracts offered by lectuals, who enjoy a partial re strated. Alternating with high government is becoming an out the government—for a refinery, laxation of the censorship, ex seriousness and love are flashes post for “international commun an airport and geological survey presses more than th e ir own of brilliant wit and annihilating ism.” arise primarily out of a —two went to Bulgaria and one strivings for artistic freedom. At ridicule. One marvels at the au recent aid agreement between to Czechoslovakia. Their tenders this stage it helps the workers thor’s elucidation of complex cul Syria and the U S S R , i t is the prepare their revolutionary strug Daily Workers Foreign Editor Resigns were, on average, 20 per cent tural problems and at his dem biggest economic accord between gles for political freedom. lower than those of western onstrations of how art is related By Murry Weiss poverty, racism, injustice and ignations such as Clark’s weak opt to provide a serious explana the ¡Soviet Union and a country firm s. If they lost money, that’s ‘PROLETARIAN ART’ to social reality and to the de w a r.” ened this “real struggle [which] tion in his letter of resignation. outside the (Soviet orbit. their business. A ll we care about velopment of man. SEPT. 10— The resignation o f After usurping political power dark cited the figures re has not yet come to a definitive “My view,” he said, “is that so According to the Aug. 21 New is that there are no political, For decades this has been a the Daily Worker’s foreign ed from the workers in the late leased by the recent National conclusion.” cialism can be served only by a Statesman, a British pro-Labor economic or ¡military strings rare, out-of-print book with itor, Joseph Clark, from the complete break with Stalinism. 1.920’s, the Stalinist bureaucracy Committee meeting of the C'P The group Gates says is ob weekly, “ S yria is to get $300 attached.” copies se llin g fo r $15 to $25, staff of the paper and from the The latter perverted socialism brutally grabbed Soviet art and which showed that 71000 of the structing the National Conven million in goods, services and when available. Today no social Communist Party, is the most ECONOMIC SQUEEZE artists by the neck. Many per estimated 17,090 members left by substituting autocracy for de credits (total Eisenhower Doc ist or student of literature should recent manifestation of the pro tion's decisions is headed bv ished—artistically or physically the party -during the last year. William Z. Foster. The Foster mocracy. But Marxists have al trine aid amounted to only $200 UJS. imperialism hoped to longed and deepening crisis that — in th is grip. Though really be w ith o u t one. “Among those who left the par ways advocated socialist demo- million, to be divided up among force Syria to abandon its na —George Lavan has wracked the American CP group has been gaining ground aimed at choking all voices of ty before me,” Clark said, “ were ever since the convention last mocracy, which they uphold as 12 countries), of which only tional - independence struggle since the Khrushchev revelations the great majority of its work February largely as a result of move libertarian than any yet at one-third has to be paid back means of an economic block and th e Hungarian revolution ing class and Negro members, the continued mass exodus from tained.” over ten years.” These terms ade. S y ria ’s m a rke ts were last year. Rumor of the resigna sharply cut off by a shut-down active trade unionists, as well as the party and the feeling of In one of his last columns in are far more favorable to Svria tion was reported in the Sept. 8 some months ago of the Turkey, writers, scientists, professional many remaining 'CP members the Daily Worker. Clark tried than any it could receive from Patriotic Meet in Paris N ew Y o , r k Times b y H a rry Iraq, Jordan, and the Lebanon and also party organizers, Smith U.S. imperialism. It is for tak Schwartz Who asked Clark ,for that the Gates group ret>res°nts to find the social basis for this Act prisoners, Daily Worker ed ing aid on sucli terms that the borders, ¡Syria’s attempt to shift comment. Clark replied, "I re a right wing current. Both rise of an autocratic bureaucra itors and reporters.” Svrian government is accused of its wheat sales elsewhere was gret that my old friend Bill grows claim to base themselves cy in the Soviet Union by citing In his comment on dark’s res abetting “Communist subversion” thwarted by a “judicious” dump Takes Anti-NATO Turn Foster made hi-s statement to on the convention decisions. Isaac Deutseher’s analysis of the ignation today, Daily Worker and aggression. in g o f UJS. surplus w h ea t in the New York Times. What I At the- Juily 27-28 National historical circumstances which By Elaine LeChamp Editor in 'Chief John Gates, ex Southern Italy. As a result of have to say ir, this matter will C om m ittee m ee ting Gates de gave rise to Stalinism. It is well ¡That the real aggression and pressed regret at Clark’s deci all these economic measures PARIS — On Sunday, Aug. 25, several thousand appear in the Daily Worker.” known that Deutscher, for all subversion in the Mideast comes sion. “I disagree with dark,” he nounced the campaign of the the Syrian pound quickly lost 30 Parisians gathered in front of the Montparnasse railroad Foster group to remove Clank his profound differences w ith from the U.S. government was A F T E R 28 Y E A R S said, “that the Communist Par percent of its value. as foreign editor off the Dailv Trotskyism, has based his en underscored b y Eisenhower’s station to celebrate the 13th anniversary of the liberation t y has ¡become a hindrance to tire analysis of the Soviet bu Border incidents flared repeat ®------The Sept. 9 Daily Worker W o rk e r and Quoted -ne o f ihis Sept. 7 directive to the people socialism.” edly, first with Israel (requir of Paris from the Germans. published C 1 a r k ’s resignation. friends as,saving: “W» have reaucracy on the theoretical of Syria to act against the “ap ing UiN. intervention) and then The event started with all the the workers knew exactly who “ After 28 years of association,” INNER-PARTY STRUGGLE saved the Partv twice. We saved work of Leon Trotsky. parently Soviet domination” of had liberated Paris from the he said, “I’m resigning from the ir government. Even pro-' with Jordan. On Aug. 4, Syria pomp of a regular public Celebra Gates declared -that “a strug the Party first from Browder Moreover, Clark attacked the tion, with policemen decked in fascists and who hadn’t. both [the Party and the .paper’s in 1945. and we went down from Stalinist version of “ proletarian Western Arab leaders are quoted announced the rece ip t o f a gle is now going on in the Par threatening note from Jordan. plum es and medals, fla g s aU staff] because I find it is no a membershin of 75 000 to 17.- internationalism” a s expressed in a Sent. 8 dispatch from Cairo WORKERS TAKE OVER ty” between “those who want The note demanded that the over the place, brass bands, and longer possible to serve the cause 000. And now we have saved in French Communist Partv lend to the New York Times as ex- When the official part of the to advance the ideas adapted by the usual type of official fan of American socialism thi’ough the Partv from Gales! And we’ve er Jacques Duclos’ letter to the nressing “fear that the United| Syrian government suppress Syr- celebration was over and evei-y- the recent national convention off ian newspapers that were at fare. In previous years, the them .” cone down from 17.000 to 10.000. American OP’s Notional Conven States might be paving the way one was filing into the railroad the Party to again become an tacking King Hussein’s bloody marking of the anniversary had Emphatically reaffirming his The more we save the Partv, tion. Duclos said that proletarian to take direct action against station to look at a wreath which effective political movement in rule. Jordan reportedly threat a left-wing slant to it. This year socialist convictions, dark said: the more the Party is disap internationalism “ implies solidar S yria .” had been placed exactly on the our country” and “those who op ened a “resort to arms.” The the government had provided “I continue to adhere as strong posed these new policies before pe aring.” ity with the foreign policy of The Svrian government an spot where the German sreneral entire press of iSyria, including microphones, to guarantee that ly as ever to the ideal which the Convention and who resist, Gates’ treatment of Clark’s the Soviet Union.” In reply to swered Eisenhower’s threat with had surrendered to the French, the rig h t-w in g pa pe r A1 Sham, n o th in g too rad ica l w ould be brought me into the Communist obstruct and seek to reverse them resignation, while expressing dis this conception. Clark said. “In justifiable anger. In resDonse to the workers took over the affair. denounced the Jordan threat in said. /movement—a world free from now.” Gates argued that res- agreement with the step, was 1956 proletarian international the arms airlift it said, “Syria Someone shouted, “What about angry terms, calling it a “Hit- The speeches were all national extremely sympathetic — even ism reauired solidarity with the does not intend to attack any lerish, warlike ultimatum” and istic and patriotic in content. the Nazis that are in France friendly. Referring to a farewell Hungarian workers opposing So body. All that ¡Syria is doing in right now trying to run the. a “nervous breakdown act.” There was no mention of the party the Dailv Worker staff viet intervention. It demanded the armament field is for pure post-war, imperialist campaigns Country? Is this what we fought gave Clark a few days ago, support for the Hungarian work ly defensive considerations. Syr Now comes Eisenhower’s threat and died for?” Someone else conducted hy the French govern Gates said, “We parted in sor ers who formed a solid phalanx ia, however, will not tolerate any of war against Syria. And if that shouted, “Kick the assassin ment — namely, the stamping row and not in anger, as friends, of workers councils and for their action against her security.” doesn’t get the Eisenhower Ad Speidel out.” Everyone was ministration what it wants, it out of the colonial revolution in I think the reasoning of the not enemies.” 100 percent solid general strike.” agreed on that point. From old, Criticizes Cevlon SYRIA SURROUNDED might seriously consider an ac Madagascar, the war in Indo LSSP leaders in going to the Clark’s open break with Sta kindly looking women to m ilitant SOURCE OF CRISIS tual war under the powers china and now the Algerian war. Trotskyists USSR and in failing to express lin is m lacks consistency and The idea that Svria is plan young workers everyone was granted by Congress last winter. However, it was interesting to their Trotskyist ideas while there In h is Sent. 10 com m ent on thought-out conclusions. He fails ning aggressive action against getting angry about Speidel. E d ito r: note that when the speakers were Clark’s resignation, Gates said: to connect the policy of Stalin (her A ra b neighbors is fa n ta s The fact that the present head When I read in the Aug. 5 is is opportunistic. They indicate introduced, the audience, Com this would help them in the Cey “It is easy to condemn Clark ism in the Second World War tic to say the least. S yr of NATO’s ground forces in sue about the visit of the Cey posed mostly of workers, vigor lonese elections. According to for his action and necessary to and the present foreign policy ia is completely surrounded by ously applauded the representa Europe- — with headquarters lonese Lanka 'Sama ¡Samaja rep that explanation, they could also disagree w ith mistaken views off the K re m lin w ith the Sta hostile nations under U.S. do tives of working-class organiza near Paris — is the same Ger resentatives to the Soviet Unim Brooklyn excuse a visit to this country that he may hold. Far more dif linist perversion of socialism. mination. Arms obtained from tions that had been instrumental man general who had marched and China, the account made me —including the White House— ficult is it to analyze the funda N o r does he see the re la tio n of the Soviet Woe countries are in the resistance. Jacques Duclos, into Paris with the fascist con angry. Why the big play-un in Youth Forum in which they did nothing but mental causes of the loss of Stalinism to the basic policy of nothing compared to the m ili of the Communist Party, and the querors in 1941 is ha rd fo r the M ilitant about the first Trot make fine speeches about George 45% of our membership in the the OP in the U jS.— the class- tary power of the surrounding “Recent Changes representative of the railroad workers who fought in the skyists to officially be ihvited Washington. If anyone took issue nast year, of which the resigna collaiborationist conception of a countries, allied, as they are, to workers’ resistance organization resistance to take. to visit the Soviet Union and In the Soviet Union” with this they could say, “After tion of Clark is another symp "people’s anti-monopoly coalition” the imperialist powers, Britain, got the biggest hand. When the People were getting more and China? tom .” all there is a witch hunt in Araer and continued support to “lesser France and the United ¡States. Speakers: names of capitalist politicians more aroused. Some young stu W h a t p u rp o s e d id t h e v is it A t the ¡July National Commit ica. It is impossible to praise So evil” capitalist politicians. Syria’s only reliable defense were mentioned, only a few peo dents shouted, “ Liberate Claude serve? The LSSP people gave a tee meeting, Sid Stein, National (Organizations listed for cialism there. They might not Nevertheless, by calling for a is the popularity it has won ple clapped. It was clear that Marty.” Marty is the son of a fine speech about Lenin and his Organization Secretary of the identification only) let us visit again. After all, we ■break w ith S talinism , C la rk has among the Arab masses by its resistance fighter. He has refus life. Did they mention anything C'P, in discussing the causes fo r were the first Trotskyists to gone to the root of the problem stand of independence against all DAVE McREYNOLDS ed to go to Algeria and has been about the violation of every the heavy losses in membership, visit President Eisenhower offi that faces the disoriented and imperialist powers. The Arab thrown in jail with several other thing Lenin stood for? reduced all explanations to “the (Socialist Party — Social c ia lly .” demoralized ranks of the radical national independence movement young men who refused to par They made speeches and TV common denominator that under Democratic Federation) Literature workers Who are seeking a rev is, indeed, the only force that ticipate in the Algerian war. broadcasts greeting the Soviet Would Lenin have gone to lies all these reasons. . . the olutionary road out of the crisis holds in check the aggressive GEORGE WATTS All this spontaneous action people. But did they greet the Germany when it had a Social serious weakening of what some of the CP. By basing his break designs of the imperialists and And Revolution was impressive, but when some struggle of the ¡Soviet masses Democratic government and al of us call our moorings or our (Communist Party) with Stalinism on a socialist op their puppets. one shouted, “Peace in Algeria!” against the oppression and ex lowed his prestige to be used for ideological foundations.” Stein, position to American capitalism Syria is one of the few' par B E R T D E C K By Leon Trotsky the affair took on even deeper ploitation of the Soviet bureau the benefit of the Social-Demo as all the other CP, leaders, at home and abroad, Clark gives liamentary democracies in the (Young Socialist Forum) significance. Although not as cracy ? cratic betrayers of the German failed, however, to specify why 256 pages $3.75 promise of playing a vital and Mideast. Far from being a Com many people responded to the “We could not do that,” they working class? Or did Lenin and how the “ ideological founda constructive role in the current munist regime, it is based on SHELDON WEEKS slogans about Algeria as to say, “because there is no free build a Third International to tio n s ” o f the CP have 'been Order from: regroup/ment movement of rev business and landed interests. (Am. Friends Service Comm.) those about Speidel, more than dom of speech in the Soviet fight world capitalism? seriously weakened. He confined olutionary socialist forces in the According to the British labor Pioneer Publishers half the people present took up Union.” What kind of greetings What is the editorial position himself to a few speculations Sun., Sept. 22 — 8:30 P.M. United ¡States. Class conscious journalist, Paul Johnson, Syria the cry for peace in Algeria. did they give then ? What a of the M ilitant on the Ceylonese concerning the psychological re 116 U n iv e rs ity Place workers and revolutionary youth, “has achieved more than any This showed that a big section picture! Trotskyists m aking Trotskyists ? Brighton Beach actions of the party member other Middle Eastern state since New Y o rk 3, N .Y . of the French people are speeches in the Soviet Union and ship to the Khrushchev revela in and out of the Communist the wrar... Basic agricultural Community Center strongly opposed to the Algerian on ly the ru lin g bureaucracy S.G. tions. Party, can only hope that this production has been tripled, the 3120 Coney Island Ave. w ar. knowing they are Trotskyists! N e w ark Clark, on the other hand, sets promise will be fulfilled. national income has risen by 120 THE MILITANT Page 3
•atoearlptiou 08 per year Signed article» by oontrlb j M.GO for 6 month» Porelm: a tor» do not neoeesarlly r»€>- resent The M ilitant’» policies. fi.O O per year; 02.*0 fo r 0 me MILITANT These are expressed In Its m onth 14. C anadian: $3.50 per Published Weekly In the Interests of the Working People editorials. Nashville — A City of Terror year; $1.75 fo r 0 m onths. THE MILITANT PUBLISHING ASSOCIATION "Entered as second olas* Bundle Order»: 5 or more 116 University PL, N. Y. 3. N. Y. Phone: AL 8-7460 m a tte r M arch 7, 1944 a t the By Shirley Clark of their beds. W indow s were Sept. 6, when Federal District! gathered to hear the ravings of ooplee 6c each In U.S.. 7c Post Office at New York. I shattered. The next morning Judge William E. Miller ruled Kasper and others. White par- Editor: DANIEL ROBERTS N.Y., under the act of March •ech in foreign countries. SEPT. 12 Nashville, Tenn., mothers an(j teachers wept as unconstitutional a Tennessee lawients were told to keep their BtiNftiOKK Mnnncer: FRANCES JAMES t . 1879." He Knows When has been transformed into * they viewed the debris, passed by the state legislature children out of school the next city gripped with fear. Gangs Vol. X X I - No. 37 Monday, September 16, 1957 to circumvent the anti-segrega- day “for their safety.” The To Keep Quiet took over, threatening whites, 3CASES OF .DYNAMITE tion ruling of the Supreme racists were told to gather at and Negroes alike — all to Police estimated that at least Court. Miller ordered integra the schools to make certain the White House Press Secre p revent 13 little six-year-old ( three cases of dynamite eon- tion to begin with the first grade boycott was effective. tary Ilagerty told reporters Negro children from attending; taining 300 sticks had been set in six public grammar schools. The next morning, the fall ses on Sept. 9 that President schools previously reserved for . . . Labor Leaders and Little Rock off. This was the climax of an There are 3,200 first graders in sion of school began. Several Eisenhower had been ap w hites. ugly campaign waged by a small Nashville, 40% of whom are Ne prised of racist violence in the (Continued from page 1) year. Weakly deploring the trouble in hundred whites shouted curses Shortly after midnight, Sept. racist gang of the Ku Klux Klan groes. Because of housing and threatened Negro and white South. crass that even the ardently Democratic Little Rock. Stevenson said “my friend, 10, an explosion rocked the city. and White Citizens Councils segregation, however, only 126 mothers who took their children “I think like every other New York Post (Sept. 10) editorially Gov. Faubus’ action” will have a “ serious The $500,000 Hattie Cotton roused to murderous intent by Negro children were eligible to to school. Despite these threats American, the President declared: “It is the degradation of the and sad impact” on the colored nations of grammar school was reduced to Frederick John Kasper, formerly attend the former white schools. only 25 to 30% of the pupils, deplores violence wherever it rubble. W ithin a radius of three of New Jersey and his local And only 13 of these registered occurs,” Hagerty said. Democratic Party that this design for the world. Then lest it be thought this at first, were kept out of school blocks families in this white WCC associates. to begin the session. —many out of fear. The boycott According to the New York surrender emanated from one of its lead criticism was too strong Stevenson neighborhood were knocked out The terror began last Friday, On Sunday, Sept. 8, 150 racists at no time won a majority. Post, a reporter then asked if ing Northern governors.” hastened to add th a t he does not believe A white woman who had four President Eisenhower “ intends A number of Democratic liberals and in the use of force to bring about com children in school warned the to do anything besides deplore the violence.” their press are denouncing Eisenhower’s pliance w ith the Supreme Court’s school racists, “If anyone comes into my yard to bother me let the “ I won’t even answer that,” reluctance to enforce the rights of the decision. police be warned that I’ve got a Hagerty snapped. Negro schoolchildren in Little Rock. But Continuation by the labor movement gun and they’re going to have no one w ith any memory can believe th a t of its coalition with the Democratic Party to haul that person’s body out.” if the Democrats were in the White House deprives the embattled Negro people of Negro mothers and children were spat upon. Bottles, rocks “shotgun, dynamite or the hang ing rope if necessary.” there would be any more enforcement of the support of their natural and only and boards were thrown at Negroes’ rights in the South than now. trustworthy ally. This in turn delays the them. A Negro woman who had On Sept. 10, after destruction When in all the years of the Roosevelt- day when the Jim-Crow South will be been hit with a bottle finally of the school, police arrested 28 Truman regimes did the federal govern pulled a paring knife from! under people — “ mostly whites.” Seven ’destroyed as a bastion of anti-union reac were arrested in connection with ment enforce civil rights in the Deep her dress and shouted to her tion. More than ever it is becoming clear attackers, “come and jump me the bombing. The three primary South? Never! suspects had been riding in a that the only road for labor and the Ne now.” Police arrested her. They If any doubt still lingers consider the also arrested two white women .Car that bore KKK signs and a pitiful Sept. 8 statement of that alleged gro people is the form ation o f a hew who had been hurling boards and picture of a Negro boy kissing a white girl. In the car was a “courageous” liberal Adlai Stevenson, political party — a Labor Party. That other objects at the Negro mothers and children. supply of detonating wire, plu3 Democratic candidate for president last road will lead to victory...... bolo knives, weighted clubs and The Superintendent of Schools, two wooden mallets. William A. Bass said, “The Little Rock situation has given KASPER FINED The September-November Blues the impression of possible vic Kasper was booked on charges tory to those who would like to of vagrancy, loitering, disorderly The liberal political commentator, long trouble for the Democrats. . . . defeat the Supreme Court deci conduct and offensive conduct. sion. The quicker the government Thomas L. Stokes writes as follows in his November comes after September. . . . Then he was given a ticket for reaches a conclusion as to its Sept. 7 column: November means a national election every illegal parking. Fines of $50 responsibility and ways and “It’s getting so the Democratic Party two years, and if succeeding Septembers in were charged against eagh means of carrying out the law, count. hates to see September come around. It’s the South; match the last two, the the quicker the whole problem bugaboo month. September could react against the Demo of racial integration will be On Wednesday, Sept. 11, ten solved.” more arrests were made. A ll of “September means the opening of crats at ballot boxes in the North in them were Negroes. They were school, once a happy event fo r parents, But Arkansas governor Faubus November. . . . was still successfully defying taken from the home of a Negro which most Democrats are. But now the “But beyond that and more important, the federal’ government and girl who had attended one of opening o f school means such episodes as the Southern wing of the Democratic Eisenhower was still pursuing a the white schools. Several “patient” course. On Monday weapons, including shotguns and those at Clinton, Tenn. and Sturgis, Ky., Party, monopolized the spotlight here day pistols had allegedly been found last year and this year at Little Rock, after day, week after week, month after night the racists gathered sym bolically on the steps of Nash there. Nashville city officials are A rk. month by its resistance to the civil rights Arkansas National Guardsmen escort a Netro newspaperman, Moses Newsom of the Bal ville’s War Memorial Building now seeking a federal injunction “ That means the eyes o f the nation are bill. . Congress barely had gotten out timore Afro-American, away from Little Ro k Central High School Sept. 10. The commander — 150 o f them . E v e ry n ig h t to restrain Kasper and other turned toward the South, The South1 is of the Guard warned newsmen that they might be arrested for “causing trouble,” but allowed Kasper was seen haranguing the segregators who are impeding of town and back home, with all this still an unruly racist mob to congregate freely. the part of the nation identified more crowd to stop integration by integration. echoing, than it broke again. The only than any other w ith one political party. “ If September goes on this way in the1 change was the locale. This time it was South for several years, it could mean at Little Rock. . . ” ..■ President Fails to Halt Faubus ,.. Heroic (Continued from page 1) Coming “compromise,” “is the your understanding and coopera The New York Petition Fight working out the precise wording wave of popular sympathy for tio n ?” the courageous Negro children of the governor’s telegram re While Rome A f t e r Faubus’ guardsmen that, has swept all sections of NegroYouth On Aug. 2'J the New Y ork local of the for petition workers. The SWP’s campaign questing the interview.” turned the Negro children away, the country save the Deep is now in the last lap of its drive to get Burned U. S. marshals in Little Rock (Continued from page 1) Socialist Workers Party proposed to the South. This has brought mil SAVING FAUBUS’ FACE let it be known to reporters that went back to school the next Elizabeth Gurley Flynn Campaign Com on the ballot and from long experience in lions of white workers and The following is from an A dispatch of the same date, they would personally escort the day. mittee that collaboration be arranged to electoral activity during the worst periods middle-class people, who never Associated Press dispatch: sent by the New York Times j children to school the next day. -School opened i the following before had any strong feelings NEWPORT, R. I., Sept. 9 — collect signatures for the respective in of the witch hunt the party is fully aware Correspondent in Little Rock This was apparently counter M onday in Nashville, Tenn. on the school integration issue, Presidential Press Secretary of the terrible difficulties that confront reports the opinions of unnamed manded from Washington where token integration was to dependent nominating petitions. over to the side of the Negro James Hagerty was told to “officials” in the Arkansas when the Justice Department Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, who is a lead the Flynn petition campaign. The SWP people. day of the North Little Rock begin in the first grade only. capital: “ It is also believed that development as he and P resi officials immediately denied Crowds of racists, whom John therefore felt that it was its duty to sug There is universal admiration ing member of the Communist Party and the meeting [with Eisenhower] dent Eisenhower played golf. there would be any such action. Kasper had been organizing for gest mutual assistance in assuring the for the insulted, threatened a prominent Smith Act victim, is running could provide the ‘face-saving’ Hagerty did not immediately When Federal Judge Davies weeks, and who were emboldened children who heroically faced the success o f both petition drives. for Gov. Faubus that many of tell the President what has requested the administration to by the action of the Governor of for councilman from the Lower East insulting, threatening mob only his friends have been seeking. happened but presently will tell him by means of an amicus Arkansas, were present in front Side under the designation of the Peoples’ A t this date no answer has come from to be forced back by the N a They feel that if he bowed to do so after finishing the curiae brief what action it of most of the schools throughout the Flynn campaign committee. Instead, tional Guard. Popular feeling is Rights Party. the order of District Judge remaining nine holes of golf. wanted, the Attorney General the day. Cars with Ku Klux that the school should he opened The SWP is collecting signatures to word has been. indirectly passed along Ronald N. Davies it would have asked for the least possible and Klan signs and confederate flags to these children and that Gov. that leading members of the Communist appeared as a defeat. But, his that at the slowest rate. Instead drove by. Thirteen Negros chil qualify four candidates for the November friends say, the Governor can Faubus should be tried and of requesting a restraining order dren, aged six and seven, ran municipal elections: Joyce Cowley for P arty are opposed to the proposal. We acquiesce to an offer made by jailed for his flagrantly illegal ministration’s record was one of against Faubus, which would the -gauntlet of jeers and threats think that this type of procedure is im the President and still keep face use of troops against them. retreat and conciliation. Mayor, Lillian Kiezel for New York City have gone into effect the moment to enter schools with their par with most of his friends and The extent of popular sym Council President, Morris Zuckoff for City permissible in relations among workers Eisenhower’s first reaction to he received a copy of it, the ents. “Wouldn’t that make your voters in this state.” pathy for the Negro children organizations. Faubus’ insurrection, given at Justice Department asked for blood boil,” sneered a woman ra Comptroller and Alvin Berman for Brook may be gauged by the volume Benjamin Fine, the N. Y. the Tuesday, Sept. 3, press con a temporary injunction which cist- as a six - year - old Negro lyn Borough President. If the Flynn Campaign Committee or of letters that have poured in to Times Correspondent, in the ference, was to make excuses leaves Faubus unobstructed until child entered a previously all- the Communist Party have any objection all newspapers and the wide Anyone familiar with how the capitalist same article reports that the for the racists. He asked for a hearing has been held and a white school. to the SWP proposal it is a matter of sim National Association for the spread discussion of the subject understanding of the emotions of decision made and perhaps for political machines have been creating On the same day in North Lit Advancement of Colored People at work, on the street and in Southern whites who feared (and months if the injunction is ple courtesy fo r them to inform the SWP tle Rock six Negro students, ail onerous and prohibitive difficulties for is also being approached by homes. A demonstration of this- Eisenhower used the word) granted and then stayed. of this and state their reasons for reject boys, braved the atmosphere minority parties getting on the ballot will “negotiators” in Little Rock. feeling was shown at a summer “ mongrelization.” ing the proposal or present different pro theatre in Westbury on New DEMOCRATS FEARFUL created by the governor’s action appreciate the vita l need fo r this kind Whether these are representa This was not only an insult York’s conservative Long Is But the effort to bail Faubus in the state capital across the posals. tives of the White House or of to the Negro people but a per-' of elementary cooperation among all those land. There a performance of the out of his dangerous situation is river, and attempted to enter Governor Faubus is not in version of the facts about Little who want to challenge the two-party po Meanwhile we urge all workers in New well-known musical play, South not confined to Republican Pres North Little Rock High. They dicated. “The negotiations seek Rock. The city had not risen up York City, who want to see a socialist Pacific, was stopped dead several ident Eisenhower. The Demo were turned away by a crowd of litical monopoly. assurance that the Negroes will emotionally against integration. times by audience booing and crats have had their own rescue white youths, led by adults. challenge to the capitalist political ma not attempt to enter the school The integration plan was not In making this proposal, the SWP was hissing whenever the name, party, headed by liberal Gov Rev. F. L. Shuttlesworth, who chines, who want to fight for civil rights, until a final solution is reached. only backed by the court but concerned with the need of all working Little Rock, the home town of ernor Furcolo of Massachusetts. was severely beaten as he tried If such assurance were offered accepted by the community. The civil liberties, an end to slums, poverty the play’s leading character, was (See Editorial, page one.) to enroll four children in Philips class parties to make common cause on then the Governor could remove local school board, the mayor, and the threat of nuclear war, to do mentioned. For the time ¡being H ig h School in Birmingham, the civil liberties issue of minority ballot the troops.” This is true, for if the civic clubs, the student coun Democratic strategists want to the script is to be changed so that Alabam a, on Sept. 9, said the everything they can to qualify independ the Negroes agreed to segregate cils, the newspapers had all get Democratic Governor Faubus rights. The differences between the CP Little Neck will be the home fo llo w in g day: “The children ent candidates for the ballot. themselves the Governor would accepted it. The city over off the hook and off the front and the SWP on many important political town. were the real heroes. They were have no need for his riflemen whelmingly opposed Faubus’ use pages as quickly as possible. At the same time it is necessary for ready to go back today in spite questions should not be allowed to stand at Central High School. Nor is the support that the of the militia. But for Eisen They are in despair lest the of all that happened. But we in the way of unified action in this field. all radical workers to press for unity in Negro people is receiving in its hower the “emotions” of Gov. Arkansas scandal cause a pop THE STALLING GAME must plan our next step. And present battle only from the Faubus and the few hundred ular demand fof further civil- The SWP also took note of the urgent action in the fight for the ballot rights whatever it is, the children will As it now stands there is no American people. The Arkansas crusaders against “mongreliza rights legislation when Congress appeal of the Flynn Campaign Committee be ready.” of the w orking class candidates. way of determining how long case is front-page news around tion” weighed as much or more reconvenes in January. They it will be before the Negro chil the world causing no little figured they had got rid of the Most reports agree that only t A A A A A A A A i than the emotions of the Negro dren can enter the school. It is embarrassment to Secretary of people, struggling for a right civil-rights fight for many years a small portion of the white not until Sept. 261 that the hear State Dulles who is trying to which is legally theirs, and the to come, and’ ce rta in ly fo r 1958 students participated in any of BOOKS Third International ing at which Gov. Faubus will promote Wall Street’s imperial (election year) by passage of the Calendar great majority of white citizens the racist actions. On the other be asked to “show cause” why ist policy as the policy, of of Little Rock who were willing emasculated act just signed by hand, many white students AND PAMPHLETS . After Lenin he should not be enjoined from “ democracy.” to accept integration. Eisenhower. The Arkansas story, braved intimidation themselves interfering with school Integra-1 however, has made it possible to defend the right of the Ne by JAMES P. CANNON FEDERAL POWERS Commenting on the President’s By Leon Trotsky Of Events tion, w ill begin. If Judge Davies that the Democratic Party’s groes to go to school. The fe d e ra l government’s press conference a Washington On Problems of rules against Gov. Faubus and nightmare — a civil-rights fight The president of the student Pages; 416 Chicago powers for dealing with Faubus correspondent of the N. Y. Times Socialism in America issues an injunction, that in — may be starting up again. body of Central High in Little Cloth; $4.00 Paper: $2.50 are clear and ample. (1) It Could (Sept. 8) observed: “There is Fri., Sept. 20, 8:15 P.M. junction can be stayed — i.e. its Rock, Ralph Brodie, told Mike America’s Road to application postponed — while have ordered his arrest by some belief that Mr. Eisen “Women in American Society.” Wallace in an interview pub New Introduction by federal marshals for violating hower’s extraordinary hold on Socialism 80pp $.35 Faubus appeals to the Circuit lished in the Sept. 8 N.Y. Post, George Lavan Speaker: Lou Griffin. Chicago Court and then the Supreme the existing injunction against public opinion would have been The Coming American that he didn’t think there would Militant Labor Forum, 777 W. C ourt. “all persons, in any manner, sufficient to turn Gov. Faubus R evolution 32pp $.10 Those Senators be any resistance to the integra directly or indirectly from in from his course had the Presi Socialism on Adam s. It would ordinarily take at tion from Central High students terfering with the plan of in dent made a stronger statement Trial lllpp $.50 Order from least several months for an ap From Arkansas themselves and put the blame for • tegration as approved by the on Tuesday.'” American Stalinism and peal to be heard by the Circuit The Senators from Arkansas, the trouble on Governor Faubus. Pioneer Publishers As it was, Faubus drew only A n ti-S ta lin is m $.15 Brooklyn Court, All this time the Negro U.S. District Court on Aug. 15, John L. McClellan and J. W. 116 U n iv e rs ity Place encouragement from Eisenhow In Charlotte, Dorothy Counts The History of American Y ou th Forum . Sun. Sept. 22, children would be barred from 1956.” Fulbright have reacted to the New Y o rk 3, N .Y . er’s statement and the next day said that inside the school, stu Trotskyism 268pp their rightful school. If the (2) Eisenhower could have events in Little Rock by reaf 8:30 P.M. “Recent Changes in took an even bolder stand, which dents approached -her in a Cloth $2.75 delay could be prolonged till a immediately taken the Arkansas firming their friendship for the Soviet Union.” Speakers he outlined in a telegram to friendly manner, and that many Paper 1.75 sufficient number of school days Natipnal Guard away from Gov. Governor Faubus. When ques (Organizations listed for iden Eisenhower ending with these white residents phoned -her at The IWW — The Great had been missed, the Negro chil Faubus by declaring it federaliz tioned by reporters, eaich BOOKS - PAMPHLETS words: “Many expressions of ¡home to apologize fo r the action A n tic ip a tio n 44pp $.25 tification only): Dave McRey- dren w ould then be in e lig ib le ed and putting it under the expressly refused to criticize fairness and understanding have of the racists. Eugene V. Debs 40pp $.25 On Socialism nolds, S ocialist P a rty - So