Eisenhower Must Share Blame for Violence By Farrell Dobbs National Secretaryj Socialist Workers Party President Eisenhower’s weak-kneed response to racist courageous Negro people in the South whenever they need purely as vote-getters at home. prosecution of such ringleaders of racism as Gov. Faubus violence in the South is criminal. His temporizing with it to back their own magnificent efforts. They need the Actually U.S. Big Business will permit only a minimum is in order. So is the demand that federal powers be Gov. Faubus’ armed rebellion has greatly emboldened the aid now. of concessions to race equality, since it profits hugely applied to the fullest extent) to enforce school integration. white-supremacists. The federal government has enforcement powers in­ from segregation and discrimination. But beyond that, there is the need to replace the Big- Eisenhower must share the blame for the humiliations, cluding use of federal troops. But Eisenhower refuses to The aid the embattled Negro people need and can’t Business dominated government with a government rep­ beatings, mutiliations and bombings in Arkansas, Ala­ use these powers. get from Big Business politicians must come from the resenting the w orking people. bama, N orth Carolina and Tennessee. The Negro people His professed opposition to Jim Crow is phony. So are American working people. The failure of the top AFL- It is necessary for all genuine civil-rights champions and the numerous! Southern whites who accept desegrega­ similar professions by all the other Big Business OIO officials to mobilize aid for the Niegro people at this to promote the idea of a labor party with a fighting tion have been made to suffer by his temporizing course. politicians, the Northern Democrats included. They are tim e is ju s t as crim inal as Eisenhower’s temporizing program and leadership. Such a party in power can be Enforcement is the key to civil rights. That means made for international propaganda purposes — primarily course. counted on to enforce the constitutional rights of the speedy and decisive aid by the federal government to the in dealing with Asia and Africa. And they are designed Mass pressure on the U.S. government for arrest and Negro people. “ We may be beaten but not licked. We may be wounded but not dead. We may be down but certainly not out. W e’re going to hold our heads up and press the fight. We are front line soldiers in the battle of America. ” — Rev. F. L. Shuttlesworth, after beating by white hoodlums while escorting his children to a Birmingham school. THE MILITANT PUBLISHED WEEKLY IN THE INTERESTS OF THE WORKING PEOPLE Vol. X X I - No. 37 267 NEW YORK, N. Y„ MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 16, 1957 PRICE 10c Cowley Challenges Mayor Wagner on PRESIDENT FAILS TO HALT Integration Stand By Joyce Cowley FAUBUS' ARMED DEFIANCE Socialist Workers Party Candidate For Mayor of New York "' vlr SEPT. 11 —i Mayor Wagner, a Democrat, said yester­ Law and Order’ in Little Rock day that he felt “ very sad” that Gov. Faubus of Arkansas, NegroYouth Governor’s Acts another Democrat, had blocked school integration in Little Rock. )-----------------------------------------• ----- in segregated schools. But Wagner did not utter a . p^isThis proves once more that we Show Their word about school integration in can’tcjm,t relyreJy onQR capitalist poli­poli. Embolden Racist New York City. Last February, ticians, Democratic or Republi­ the Board of Education passed can, to carry out an integration recommendations to integrate program. What is needed is inde­ Heroism New York City schools Which pendent political action by the Gangs in South included broad changes in zoning Negro and Puerto Rican people B y Fred Halstead and teacher assignments. The — and by the working class By George Lavan recommendations were to go into As the fall school semester be­ generally — to elect officials gan in the South, Negro chil­ SEPT. 12 — The main factor keeping the nine Ne­ effect by September. But when who will enforce laws against schools opened last Monday, no dren braved abuse and serious gro children of Little Rock from attending Central High segregation. V' steps had been taken to carry physical danger to outer, or” At­ School is not Gov. Faubus’ national guard but President out the program adopted in tempt to enter, school^ they have Eisenhower’s spinelessness in upholding the Constitution a rig h t to attend. •'ii - February. , where Negro rights are concerned. In Little Rock, Ark. On Aug. 20, after the Com­ This Presidential reluctance to act against Faubus’ mission on Integration charged o f nine N egro students w.hp :at- Superintendent of Schools Jansen temped to enter Central High armed defiance of the federal courts not only fed and with “deliberately confusing, School was Eiizaibeth Eckford, 16. prolonged the barring of the Negro children in Little delaying, distorting and side­ She arrived at the school by bus Rock but promises to end in a deal perm itting Faubus and alone on the morning 'of tracking” reports of the Com­ — — tyto( continue barring these chil­ Sept. 4. iShe w alked fro m the bus mission, the Mayor’s office an­ dren for an indefinite period — stop past a jeering mob of about nounced that it would not in­ perhaps long enough to prevent 300 white racists and'■repeatedly terfere in the controversy. integration in Little Rock this tried to get to the school. Each Birmingham In New York as in Little Rock, year. It is for precisely such a time she was stopped by ,A-rkan« the story is the same: getting deal that the meeting between sas National Guardsmen, '200;/of legal approval of integration is •Faubus and the President has whom surrounded the school not enough if government of­ Thugs Beat been arranged in Newport. property. Finally she turlied and ficials won’t enforce it. In New York official indifference is walked calmly along' the line .of VIOLENCE SPREADS used instead of guns but the soldiers hack to the bus stop, un­ Rights Leader But Eisenhower’s le th a rg y effect is the same. Negro and daunted iby the racist mob, that about his oath to “preserve, followed her. Puerto Rican children continue A civil rights leader in Birm­ protect and defend the Constitu­ ingham, Ala. was the victim of a to receive an inferior education JOYCE COWLEY WILL STICK IT OUT jj?V tion” has damaged more than b ru ta l ra c is t a tta ck when he the Negro schoolchildren of Elizabeth Eckford said later attempted to escort, four Negro Little Rock. th a t she w ould study on hier own children into Phillips High It is directly responsible for until she was admitted to Cen­ School, Sept. 9. They sought to the spread of anti-integration tral High. “I’m not going back Legless Veteran Refused test segregation in the state’s violence in other parts of the to Horace Mann” [the Jim Crow public school system. Rev. F. L. South. Because Faubus’ militia Negro School], she said. Shuttlesworth was severely was permitted to get away with A campaign of intimidation is beaten by a white gang wielding keeping Negroes out of the B a d Pay Due from Gov t still being carried on against the brass knuckles, chains and clubs, Arkansas sdhool, racists in nine Little Rock youths. “Ever as he alighted from the car in NEW YORK. Sept. 11 — James Kutcher, the legless Tennessee and elsewhere were since Wednesday,” says tihé Sépti which he had brought the chil­ emboldened to do their utmost veteran why after an eight year fight in the courts won 10 N.Y. Times, “ the phones have dren to the school entrance. in the hope of similarly preven­ back his job in the Veterans Administration, told reporters not stopped ringing at the Moth- The Negroes had sent a tele­ ting integration. And the end is today that he still has a fightS - ershead home or the .homeB of gram informing police of their not yet in sight! The Deep South on his hands. I has been receiving and continues the other students Involved. intention to enter the school, but politicians, who instigated and 'Sometimes the phone wild ring Labor Leaders, the Democrats only three policemen were encouraged Faubus, arc en­ Kutcher revealed that the gov-[to receive his bi-weekly salary eminent has refused him back!'Vth the approval of the same at three in the morning and a present when they arrived. The couraged by the federal govern­ pay amounting to $22,832 be-1 Comptroller General. voice on the other side w ill cry: police arrested three of the ment’s softness. If, as now ap­ ‘Your house is on fire.’ Again, whites after the beating took pears likely, Faubus gets off cause of his political ideas and LETTER TO PRESIDENT the phone will ring in the eve­ place. (Rev. Shuttlesworth is membership in the Socialist | Jn an effort to avoi(J the A nd the Arkansas Crisis scot free or with a mere slap ning- or in the middle of the head of the Alabama Christian Workers Party. This is a direct | ]engthy and cosUy ]itigation on the wrist, the governors of night. This harassment goes on An Editorial Movement for Human Rights. Mississippi, Alabama. Georgia, violation of he , 9 5 i dec.s.on of:which fighting this out in the continuously.” Tiielma iviothers- His home was dynamited last the U.S. Court of Appeals which etc. will use their national courts would mean, Kutcher has head, 16, who w ants to be a December when he was involved rejected arguments that Kutch- The use of troops by the Democratic fine support to capitalist pan-ties and guards against desegregation written a personal letter to school teacher, says o f these in a bus-integration test case.) er’s political beliefs and SWP Governor of Arkansas to bar nine Negro capitalist politicians.