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Little-Known Brachiopods from the Cretaceous of the Helvetic Realm of NE Switzerland (Alpstein) and W Austria (Vorarlberg)

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Little-Known Brachiopods from the Cretaceous of the Helvetic Realm of NE Switzerland (Alpstein) and W Austria (Vorarlberg) Swiss J Geosci (2013) 106:397–408 DOI 10.1007/s00015-013-0144-6 Little-known brachiopods from the Cretaceous of the Helvetic realm of NE Switzerland (Alpstein) and W Austria (Vorarlberg) Heinz Sulser • Georg Friebe • Peter Ku¨rsteiner Received: 6 September 2012 / Accepted: 10 August 2013 / Published online: 16 November 2013 Ó Swiss Geological Society 2013 Abstract Three species from different stratigraphical an acid treatment. (3) Tulipina koutaisensis (Loriol 1896) levels of the Cretaceous of the Helvetic Alps are described. [Terebratellidina, Kingenoidea], known from Aptian (1) Rhynchonellid specimens from the upper O¨ hrli-Kalk deposits in the central Caucasus of Georgia, has been (O¨ hrli Formation, Late Berriasian) of NE Switzerland recorded as a rare species in the Plattenwald-Bed (Selun (Alpstein) identified as Lamellaerhynchia heimi (Sulser Member of the Garschella Formation, Albian) of W Austria 2008) [Rhynchonellida, Hemithiridoidea]. Its range (Vorarlberg). The localised occurrence and the temporal appears to be limited to a small area of the carbonate gap between the Caucasian and the Helvetic T. koutaisensis platform of the northern Alpstein chain. Based on internal suggest an east–west directed migration along the northern and external morphological criteria L. heimi differs from margin of the Tethys Ocean during the Early Cretaceous. other species of Lamellaerhynchia, as well as from Bur- rirhynchia cf. sayni (Jacob & Fallot 1913), occurring in the Keywords Brachiopoda Á Systematics Á younger carbonate platform of the Schrattenkalk Formation Early/Middle Cretaceous Á Swiss and Austrian Helvetic (Early Aptian). (2) Recently collected material in various localities of the Altmann Member (Tierwis Formation, Late Abbreviations Hauterivian to Early Barremian) in the Alpstein area NMSG Naturmuseum St. Gallen, Switzerland identified as Oblongarcula cf. alemannica Owen 1977 MHNG Muse´um d’histoire naturelle de la ville de [Terebratellidina, Laqueoidea]. This species is closely Gene`ve, Switzerland related or identical to O. alemannica of the North European Boreal province and gives a reference to the occurrence of the genus Oblongarcula in the Tethyan domain of the Alps. Partially silicified specimens enable in rare cases a direct 1 Introduction access to internal structures after that they were exposed by Recent studies on the Early and Middle Cretaceous bra- chiopods of the Helvetic Alps are sparse despite the fact Editorial handling: D. A. T. Harper & D. Marty. that their occurrence has been documented since long by H. Sulser (&) Moesch (1878), Vacek (1879) and by the geological works Pala¨ontologisches Institut und Museum der Universita¨tZu¨rich, of Albert Heim (1905), Arnold Heim (1910–1916), Heim Karl Schmid-Strasse 4, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland and Baumberger (1933) and Heim and Seitz (1934). More e-mail: [email protected] recently, two studies about brachiopods of the Cretaceous G. Friebe of Vorarlberg in W Austria were published and included Inatura Erlebnis Naturschau, Jahngasse 9, new species (Sulser and Fo¨llmi 1984; Sulser and Friebe 6850 Dornbirn, Austria 2002), and Sulser (2008) has provided an overview on the present knowledge of the Cretaceous brachiopods in NE P. Ku¨rsteiner Naturmuseum St. Gallen, Museumstr. 32, Switzerland (Alpstein, Churfirsten) and Vorarlberg (Sulser 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland 2008). This is in contrast to numerous recent publications, 398 H. Sulser et al. which deal with the brachiopods of the same period in non- brachiopod species. For locality O¨ hrlisattel refer to alpine domains throughout Europe. In the present paper, Lamellaerhynchia heimi, for the localities Altmannsattel, some little-known species are described which is an Lo¨chlibetter, Tierwis, Chreialp-Litten, Wildhuser important complement to the brachiopod fauna of the Schafboden-Tristen refer to Oblongarcula cf. alemannica, alpine Cretaceous. and for the locality Plattenwald near Klaus refer to Tulipina koutaisensis. 2 Geographical and geological setting 3 Materials and methods The brachiopods described in this study were collected from six localities in the Alpstein, Switzerland and from The specimens were generally articulated, but frequently one locality in Vorarlberg, Austria (Fig. 1). These are crushed or deformed. Even when qualitatively satisfactory, covered by the topographical maps Landeskarte der beak, foramen and interarea were often deformed, so that Schweiz 1:25,000, Sa¨ntis (Blatt 1115), and Diepoldsau specimens that permitted the examination of both internal (Blatt 1096), and by the geological maps Geologischer and external morphology are rather rare. Atlas der Schweiz 1:25,000, Sa¨ntis (Blatt 1115), Diepold- The shells are figured in dorsal-, ventral-, lateral- and sau (1096), St. Margrethen (Blatt 1076), and Feldkirch anterior view. In the anterior view the dorsal valve is at the (Blatt 1116). top. Details regarding the chronostratigraphic stages, for- To study the internal morphology we used methods mations and other lithostratigraphic units of the above six depending on the nature of preservation. These sections localities are provided in the descriptions of the individual were made each 0.1–0.2 mm, and they were briefly etched Fig. 1 Map showing grey-coloured areas of the Sa¨ntis nappe of the locality 4 is Tierwis (Paratype locality of the Altmann Member, on Alpstein, northeastern Switzerland (a) and in Vorarlberg, Western the path to the Grenzchopf, 1.2 km west of the Sa¨ntis), locality 5 is Austria (b). Locations where brachiopods were collected are marked Chreialp-Litten (1.5 km south of Altmann), locality 6 is Wildhuser by black circles. a Locality 1 is O¨ hrlisattel (1.5 km northeast of the Schafboden-Tristen (1 km southeast of the Wildhuser Schafberg), and Sa¨ntis), locality 2 is Altmannsattel (type locality of the Altmann locality. b Locality 7 is Plattenwald (near Klaus, 10 km northeast of Member, Point 2368, 120 m northwest of the Altmann), locality 3 is Feldkirch, Vorarlberg). Black triangles represent mountain peaks Lo¨chlibetter (south of Point 2162, 400 m northeast of the Altmann), Cretaceous brachiopods of the Swiss and Austrian Alps 399 in 5 % hydrochloric acid, rinsed, dried, soaked with ace- Subfamily Cyclothyridinae Makridin 1955 tone and pressed on to acetate-foil. The foils were magnified, and with transmitted light the projections were Genus Lamellaerhynchia Burri 1953 hand-drawn. The distance from the posterior end of the Type species Terebratula rostriformis Roemer 1836 ventral valve is indicated in millimetres. Lamellaerhynchia heimi (Sulser 2008) For brachiopods in a phosphorite matrix, acetate peels proved mostly unsuitable for the recognition of fine struc- ?1916 Rhynchonella irregularis (non Pictet); Arn. Heim: p. 459 tures. In such cases the sections were photographed. In the 1999 Burrirhynchia sp. Sulser: p. 88 (with Fig.) case of silicified brachiopods, in addition to the section 2008 Burrirhynchia heimi Sulser: p. 103, Fig. 5a–c method, the internal structures could be carefully exposed Species name. In honour of Arnold Heim, who in 1907 and directly observed through stepwise application of defined the O¨ hrlikopf as the type locality of the O¨ hrli 2–3 % hydrochloric acid. The mostly incomplete silicifi- Formation. cation of internal structures was a handicap for achieving satisfactory results, which therefore are rather an exception. Holotype. The specimen described as the holotype (NMSG The brachiopods in this study were largely collected by P. 5189) is 13.8 mm long, 15.3 mm in width and 7.4 mm one of us (P. Ku¨rsteiner), mostly together with Karl thick (Fig. 2a) and was recovered from the upper O¨ hrli- Tschanz (Zu¨rich). The newly collected material was inte- Kalk (O¨ hrli Formation) of the north face of the Musche- grated into the collection of the Naturmuseum St. Gallen lenberg (=type locality of the species). It is depicted in (NMSG) and the Muse´um d’histoire naturelle de la ville de dorsal-, ventral-, lateral-, and frontal view. Gene`ve (MHNG). Additionally, we have also studied Type locality. North face of the Muschelenberg, towards specimens in the collections of the Naturmuseum St. Gal- Hinter-O¨ hrligrueb, Kanton Appenzell I.R., Northeastern len (NMSG), Pala¨ontologisches Institut und Museum der Switzerland (Fig. 1a). Universita¨tZu¨rich (PIMUZ), inatura Erlebnis Naturschau Dornbirn (VNS), Muse´um d’histoire naturelle de la ville de Occurrence. Muschelenberg, Hu¨enerberg, Ha¨ngeten, Alt- Gene`ve (MHNG), and the Geological Institute of the Swiss enalptu¨rm (all from Alpstein). Federal Institute of Technology in Zu¨rich (ETHZH, Age. Late Berriasian: Upper O¨ hrli-Kalk of the O¨ hrli For- Churfirsten-collection, Arnold Heim). mation (Revision by Grasmu¨ck-Pfluger 1962). Material. Ten well-preserved specimens (from a total of about 100) from the locality O¨ hrlisattel (Fig. 1a). 4 Systematic palaeontology Diagnosis. Shell moderately biconvex, shallow-uniplicate, Phylum Brachiopoda Dume´ril 1806 in outline subtrigonal, multicostate, beak straight to sub- Subphylum Rhynchonelliformea Williams et al. 1996 erect, pedicle foramen rimmed, septalium and low dorsal Class Rhynchonellata Williams et al. 1996 septum present, crura raduliform. Order Rhynchonellida Kuhn 1949 Description. External morphology (Fig. 2a, b). Shell Superfamily Hemithiridoidea Rzhonsnitskaia 1956 moderately equibiconvex, on average 14 (8–17) mm long, Family Cyclothyrididae Makridin 1955 16 (8–21) mm wide and 8.5 (4–12) mm thick, when more Fig. 2 a–b Lamellaerhynchia heimi (Sulser), Upper O¨
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