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SPPflX th1. 'h•• l. la a~out the appl1oatloa ot high-p.rtoraaao. 11quid ohroaatograplq (HPLO) '0 aoa. ape.ltlo real-11t••• paratl_ ani quant1t.tlon pro~l ••a regar41ng c.rtala 1acluatr1all7 ua.tul organ10 ,rodua'•• JI.mAl-paa•• adsorp'loa (.1110. ,el) and reTerad-pha •• partl tlOll (ltcm4" ph.1l11) ao4e. ot BPLO wer. ..plo," lD. tM • • tud,. Bo'h laooratle &D4 Iradl'" .lution .ode. were u." tor the ••paratlona an4 quantltatlOD.. th. suoc.sstul .imultan.ou. s.par.'lona laolud. seTeral altalo14s 1a sua oplua extrao'., aea1-a,.th.tl0 cod.ln. b ••• and lts llk.17 oarr,J over and .,nth.al. b7-produot t.purltl •• , 1-naphthllaa1n. fro. 2-naphth71aata. and other .truotural17 related lapur1tl••• an4 2-phen71gl101n. and 1 t. B-oarbaJllo,l- and h7d&lltoU preouraora. the ext.mal standard quantlta'1oa work laTolv•••• s&7 ot .ea1-a1Jl'h.ti0 codeill. bas. and anal ,sl. of the t1T. pr1llo1,al alltalolcla 1n gull op1ua, 'h. 2-1... er in bulk 1-aaphtb¥laa1n• ...pl.. (ault-p,. le.,..1) J th. \vo ao.t lU.l.T b7-produo' lal'uritl •• la .ea1-aJllth.tl0 oocl.lD.. base J aDd ~ (-)-2-pbeqlgl701ne . 'd. 'U1 It. -.carbaao71- aad hTdantola precursors 1n microbial traD.to~ a'loa reao'loa aix'urea. the t he sl. 1. dlTlded tato tour ohapters and t he ~l r8 ' o~ter 1& subdlvlded into tvo S. c tlOA~. The highlights of t h. vork in eaoh ohapter 1. d •• erlb.e4 1D. this BUA1Dla17. Til gltng-I ISOORAfIO BIGB-1ElJOBKAlOJ LIQUID gBROJUfOGJUlHI 0' GUll OPIUII ~1Jl,OIDS O. J. BOBDED PHDn SfJ.'lI01U.RY PBASE Seot1on .t. Siaul tanecua Separation ot the Principal .Alkaloids 1a Gu. Opiua 'I aeTersed-lha.e B1&h-pertoraan.e Liquid Olu'oaatography U.1ng a pH 11 btll!er Reversed-phaae BPLO on banded stat1on&r7 phase. ot TariO•• polarltles 1. a popular a04e tor aeparating princ1pal alkalold. ln sua aplua. Mo.t ot the ohroaatosrapber. haTe .a.. elther expenslTe aoetonltrile aloae or ln ooab1natlon with 10a-palr1D& reasent. d the aobl1e phase aodlt1en to aohieTe a slllultalleft. Howeyer, .e aohleyed a almultaneou. 'a•• lln. aeparatlon ot all tbe pr1D.o1pal alkalolda (aorphine. oocleU.. the b ain. • Ilo.oapu. anel papayerla.) 1n Iacllan sua oplUli .nraot. on a reTer.eel-pha•• bonded ph..,l ooluan with a sl.ple aDd taexp.nalYe,but n.gleoted, a.thaaol--1%(w/T)aqu.oua aodlum aoetat. and 7aM trlethllamiae (pH 11) butter (58,42) w.a used aa the aobl1. pbaae. A 100d p.at ar-et17 tor all the p.aka waa obaen" with UV 4et.otl_ at 254 u. fh. high perc.ntage ot .ethaaol appears to bay. aoae prote.tlye tan... ce on the al110a backbone ot the paoklq at the hlgh apparent pH. HoweTer. tor extendiDg tbe llt. ot the aala oolusa a 81110a presaturator oolwm ls reooaa.ad.~ viil Olm"I ISOOIAfIO HIGB-PBllfOIMJJOB LlQUD OBROJUtOQB.OBY 0' GUll OlIO IJ,lALOIDS OW A BODD PDI!L St.l!IOIABt lBASI Seo'loa B _ • .,. aDd .&aal,.18 .f • ..s..a,.'.. "10 004.1JM 1aII. ~ 18.. ra'10 a.TeraN-IJlaa. B1p.p.rtoaaao. Llqa14 ~~Iq 004.b.. 1. pbaraa••• U.oal.l, \he a.a' 1apon.a, .... Uae sua opl_ alkaloi4s with "1"14 p""",,loa Yo1_e fta.ldol 200 " .. alialold. ..lag . a1afW (oa.- t '0 . $ w/-) 0_'1'"u' of pa op1_. aoat. .f the, .... ta. pr04uCM4 ....1'.18117 1. dert... .01- .7Il~U.al17 ., £ ....~1.'1_ .f aorphi... On. ....... raw ••".rlel fer the ....faotv • • f .04.la., SeII1-retlae. aoJlph1ae ( •••q. 85~ -/w) 1. ".-..117 o"'aIIlaaM4 with ...0Al ••el •• ani" "".1' tJ'_ _ op1_ .\In.zaa 1ao1.'1on ,roc •••• Ia 'Ma ••n1_ w. ",on & 81aul t._.oa ••para'loa ot ••al­ .7JltAet.l. oodal.. , ... .troa \he 1IIU'...... aOJ'phine aIl4 ...ea1o f~~ _ 6 &014, .. well .. 'U4I t.YO GO_ .1Jl~.la '7-pr04uo:ta, ....1" i - Godaa. ..'_1 et.Jaer u4 cx .....1a.t.ht... oalU. P~Y101l817 n- ,oned BPLO .ath04 •• we ..e4 • , ..... ph..,l ••1_ aa4 • alap1• .. la.zpa..l_ ..tbeDol.-. q...... 1 11M ,rs..tbl1__ 1\11l pboaplaa'. 'utter at p H 3.0 (20180) .... 1 ...ratl0 aobU. pha•• fer the _., aa4 ..a1781. .f .u1-a,.'Mt.l0 00481a. b_. !'* p.ak are. reapoa... .~ 254 a. .t•• ~loa ••Teleact.h ••re l1a.ed ., 1 ..., ap ,. 100 )IS oodeta. eD4 10 )lg eaob tor \he tvo b1-product impurities in 25-~ injection volume. The method vas tound to be suitable tor monitoring the progress of the methylation react10n and also to assess the qual1t1 ot code1ne produced. QI APt ER-I I (lUDI.t UTERSBD-PlUS:B BIGH-PERlOlUUBOE LIQUID OHROJlJ.!OGR.&lBlO SEfJ.lU!IOB O}' mGB! ALKALOIDS AID MEOONIO AOID AID QUAlTI!A!IOB 01 fiVE PRINCIPAL ALKALOIDS IIi GUK OPIUll Re v~ rs ed-pha.e 1.coratlc BPLO on bonded statian&r,1 phaae. with di ffer ent polaritle. 1. a frequantl1 used method tor separation and quantitation ot gua opiua alkaloid,. Hovever, a coamon draw­ back ot 80me ot the earlier .ethods using th1s lI04e 1. that a h1ghl1 polar morphine elute. ahead ot other principal alkalold. OR the tailing edge ot the earl1 eluting group ot peak. represent­ ing polJaerio and polar constituent.. In this situation a rellable lntegration ot the .orphine peat 1. difficult. fUrther, several chroaatographer. have reported low effectlveness ot reversed-phase colUllJls 1D. lsooratlc .ode tor basic compounds. In order to overoo.e these l1mitations, we used gradient elutlon 1n the present work. PreT1oual1, reversed-phase gradient elution lIode va8 applled to this separation problem with onl1 limited success. the separation of the tive princlpal alkaloids (llorphine, oodeine, thebaine, n08capiRe and papaverine), three minor alkaloid. (laudanosiRe, or,rptopine and naroeiRe), meconlc acid and so.e un­ identlfied constituents In gum oplum was achleved on a reversed­ pbase phenrl oolumn b7 gradlent BPLO using a slmple and inexpensive .obile phase s1stem. The llnear gradlent programae was started x a' 5~ .... eaded a~ 7Q%(y/y) ••thallol 1D 1 IlH tr1.~h11 ...aa1_ pllo.phat. butfer (pH ') 1a 20 aiD. jll the t1Ye pr1Dolpal alkaloid. vere al.o 4.tera1ne4 w1 ~ 800d preolaloa. the .ethod req111n. -1111_. • ..ple preparat1i1l aD4 18 au ~abl. tor 1'OU,s.ae 91 t "U-III SU.AJU.!IOlif 01 1-.J,PBfJlU,AIIlJlB 1R01l !HI nn; DOd IJIPUBItIBS AJlD SUB-JPK I,fiEt DEfEOflOI .&lID Qt1.D!Il'J.fIOK 0' 2-IUIllHILAMI.E BY BODAL !H.&S~ BIGB-PlaIOBJU.lO! LIQUID OIlROll..l!OGlUPBI the tree baa. 1-Aaphtlqlaa1ne and c.r~a1n of it. aulphOD.1o acid 4eriYatlY••• 8n ... 41aso aU cOl1pl1Ag oOllp_eat. ill the preparatia of asO 41•• which lAol,," •• ao.e perm1 tt" s1llth.~10 food coloun. 'fecba1cal '....,h\lql.. 1a. 1a \18"81 17 produoe4 b1 reclllOtl_ .t 1-aS. traaaphthal.n. whioh 1 ~s.lt 111 1JlYariabll ooata­ II1aat.4 with the 2-111 tre- ls_er. fh. teohnioal 1-aaph\hTl.a1n• • 87 o_'alll s ..e 1.1'-41napbtb71aa1ae. 1.5-d1ea1noaaphthal... e. 1- m4 2-aapllthole aB4 lllYaria'17 a little of tb. 2-1aoaer (.u. 0.5% wi") .a 1apu.r1tie.. !h. 2-Dapht}qlaa1Jle bas 10Dg b... 1'8- as oogal.ed .. a Alman caro1Jlogen aadL a tonc ohemioal. It. a.lI- faoture .ad " •• 1. IlOV baDlle4 all OYer the vOl'ltt. It h8e been aotuall, touad to be pna_t 111 a._ l-naphtb71ftll1De ba'H~d aSO a11l'the'10 food ooloura, .oat probab17 aa a Oa:rq 9vttr upur1"7. ID thl. a.otion a BPLO .ethod 1e reported for ~ 81aal'aaeou8 'a.elin••• para'laD ot 1-llaph'h71aatae and th. five assoclat•• iapur1,\le•• 1l8lle17. 2-JlapbthTlaa1De. 1.5-dl.... 1.Ollapl1thaleD. •• t.l'-41JlaphtbTlaa1De. 1- and. 2-naphthol. u8lng l i quid-solid ".orp~lQR mode aa a .1110. sel .,.tlaaarr phaa.. fhe ••bl1e phaae ... 50~ .a~.r--.aturate4 filet-bTl .ther-li-hex.. e (25.15). fh. lIeth04 &._1e4 preol.. cl.'.l'II1aatloa ot trao. ,,0_"_ of 2-naphtbllaa1ne lmpurl '7 1.D ~.obld.oa1 1-aaph~1aa1Jl.... pl •• ChI1ag t.o a hlgh d.egre. ot r.aol\l~loJl (b = 2.5) ao111 ...ed. ...~ .. _ these .truotural laOll.n.. fhe ••t1aatecl alal-_ ,.t•• table ..._, JI'\. ot a-aaphthl1d1DeLa_ 1500 pp. a-hexaa•• 01.tl_ ot 1-aapthfl- aai•• 1. lI- 0.06 ppaCw/w)aD.C1 'b.a~ 1a bulk t-aapll'b71aalae 1. S- O.OO4~ (./.~" the low r 11m! t 0911 lie i Dlp reyed tt.lnller y.~ ...11,. CIM1Ill=U lIO:lItOBI.lG 0 .. SfBUOtlRBOlnO HIOBOBIAL fUlSlOlUlltIOB 0' J}lt-5-J-iIDllJaDAftOL'I fO i(-)-2-PBBIl'LGLIOIllB .BY ISoOlUfIO UYERSD-:raUUI HI GB-P.IUOmt4I'OB LI QUID OBRO}UfOCJ!UPHI j.(-)-2-phQTlg17c1ne 1 ... 1aporlallt etan1D& ..,.rial tor produolDs .ea1-.1Dthetl0 )l-l•• t_ aatlblotloa ...h .. pea10111laa aDd o.phal•• portRa. .... tloaer1oal17 pure ~(-)-2-ph..,1&l701a. OaB be prepared hI esplo7in& atereoapeolJ1o ea~.'l. traa.toraatlaa of PJt.-5-phu71bTdanto111 Tia the l-(-)-N-oarbam071-a-phe..,1sl70 1.. laterae41at. u1Dg baot.ria ••oh aa w0l!aot.X'1ua aacl , ••••••• ap.cl... A ...r y 1mponan't, ad.,an't,age of bldant.o1aa 1ii 'beir t ...l1. aD4 epontan.oua chem10al raoe.tz&t1aa even under all' o ~.810 oatall.is oonditions ( •• s., pH 8.5; temp. JO 0). Thu., .. • re8ul" o~ onenoal raoell1zatlel1 of the a reaot1v•• (+)-5-pbelql­ b1dan~ola and s1multan.ous ater.osele.ilv. m1oro~lal hl4rolJal. ~1 ~tqdaDto11la". R,k-5-Ph'B71Q4aat.1a 1.
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  • Phytochemical and Pharmacological Study on Argemone Mexicana Linn (Papaveraceae)

    Phytochemical and Pharmacological Study on Argemone Mexicana Linn (Papaveraceae)

    Sunita. Int J Pharm 2017; 7(1): 90-93 ISSN 2249-1848 International Journal of Pharmacy Journal Homepage: http://www.pharmascholars.com Review Article CODEN: IJPNL6 PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDY ON ARGEMONE MEXICANA LINN (PAPAVERACEAE) Sunita Verma* Research Scholar, Maharaja Ganga Singh University, Bikaner, India *Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected] Received on: 11-08-2016; Revised on: 24-09-2016; Accepted on: 01-01-2017 ABSTRACT Argemone mexicana L. belong to family Papaveraceae, commonly known as “Prickly Poppy” and “Satyanashi”. It grow as weed in almost all part of India. The plant have many alkaloid, terpenoids, glycosides and flavanoids which are responsible for many pharmacological activities. This review aims at describing the botanical description, classification, phytochemical profiles of various parts of Argemone mexicana. Keywords: Medicinal, Pharmacological and Phytochemical. INTRODUCTION yellow, milky, seed extract contains proteindissolving substances which are effective in the treatment of Medicinal plants are of noble worthiness to mankind. warts, cold sores, cutaneous infections, skin diseases, They are nature’s offering human beings to regulate a itches and also in dropsy and jaundice. In Mexico, the sickness free healthful life. They performance a seeds have been used as an antidote to snake necessary role in preserving our health [1]. Medicinal poisoning [8], [9]. Leaves and seeds are also reported plants are considerably serviceable and economically to find application in maintaining normal blood needed. The receive dynamic phytoconstituents that circulation and cholesterol level in human body [10]. are used in the manage of various human ailments These plant parts possess anti-venom property as well [2].
  • OPIUM Latest Revision: June 30, 2000

    OPIUM Latest Revision: June 30, 2000

    OPIUM Latest Revision: June 30, 2000 1. SYNONYMS CFR: Opium CAS #: Codeine Base: 76-57-3 Codeine Hydrochloride: 1422-07-7 Morphine Base: 57-27-2 Morphine Hydrochloride: 52-26-6 Thebaine Base: 115-37-7 Noscapine Base: 128-62-1 Noscapine Hydrochloride: 912-60-7 Papaverine Base: 58-74-2 Papaverine Hydrochloride: 61-25-6 Other Names: Oil poppy Opium poppy 2. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL DATA The immediate precursor of heroin is morphine, and morphine is obtained from opium. Opium is the dried milky juice (latex) obtained from the unripe seed pods of Papaver somniferum L., more commonly referred to as the opium poppy or oil poppy. Morphine has also been reported to be present in Papaver setigerum, and as a minor alkaloid in Papaver decaisnei and Papaver rhoeas. However, there is no known instance of these poppies being used for opium production, and work that is more recent has cast considerable doubt as to the presence of morphine in Papaver rhoeas. A major review by Kapoor on the botany and chemistry of the opium poppy is recommended additional reading. Opium latex is obtained from the seed capsule of the poppy while the capsule is still in the green stage, usually seven or more days after flowering and petal fall. Physically, the opium latex is contained within laticiferous vessels, which lie just beneath the epicarp of the seed capsule. The latex is harvested by making a series of shallow incisions through the epicarp, which allows the latex to "bleed" onto the surface of the seed capsule. Most commonly, the latex is allowed to partially dry on the capsule surface, and is then removed by scraping the capsule with specially designed hand tools.
  • Argemone Ochroleuca: (PAPAVERACEAE), ALKALOID POTENTIAL SOURCE for AGRICULTURAL and MEDICINAL USES †

    Argemone Ochroleuca: (PAPAVERACEAE), ALKALOID POTENTIAL SOURCE for AGRICULTURAL and MEDICINAL USES †

    Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems 23 (2020): #31 Hernández-Ruiz et al., 2020 Review [Revisión] Argemone ochroleuca: (PAPAVERACEAE), ALKALOID POTENTIAL SOURCE FOR AGRICULTURAL AND MEDICINAL USES † [Argemone ochroleuca: (PAPAVERACEAE), FUENTE POTENCIAL DE ALCALOIDES PARA LA AGRICULTURA, Y USO MEDICINAL] J. Hernández-Ruiz1, J. Bernal2, J. Gonzales-Castañeda1, J. E. Ruiz-Nieto1 and A. I. Mireles-Arriaga1* 1División de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Guanajuato. Km 9 carretera Irapuato-Silao, Ex Hacienda. El Copal, Irapuato, Guanajuato. 36500 México. Email: [email protected] 2Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-247, USA *Corresponding author SUMMARY Background. The genus Argemone contains 24 species, A. ochorleuca is present in national territory and is used in agriculture and traditional medical treatments for various conditions. Results. A. ochorleuca is an herbaceous and/or perennial plant that blooms all year. This plant had the potential as a source of benzyl isoquinoline alkaloids, which are the main bioactive compounds responsible for antibacterial, antifungal properties. However, some of these compounds are associated with toxic effects too. Information about concentrations and parts of the plant it is important for all uses and applications. Implications. The present work summarizes available information on phytochemical and medicinal properties. Conclusion. In A. ochrolecuca, six of the 45 alkaloids reported for the genus Argemone have been studied, dihydro-keleritrin and dihydro-sanguiranine are the most abundant in the seeds and vegetative tissue of the species. The updated information should be useful to guide future research on this plant. Keywords: Alkaloids; papaveraceae; berberine; sanguinarine. RESUMEN Antecedentes. El género Argemone contiene 24 especies, A.
  • Hot Topics in Pharmacognosy: Opiates from Modified Microbes

    Hot Topics in Pharmacognosy: Opiates from Modified Microbes

    Hot Topics in Pharmacognosy: Opiates from Modified Microbes Dr. David J. Newman Subsequent conversion into heroin (2) was first reported in s known by all pharmacognosists, throughout the ages 1874 by Wright in the United Kingdom as a result of boiling mor- humans and other animals relied on nature for their ba- phine acetate. It was commercialized by Bayer AG in 1898 and sic needs. Plants, in particular, formed the basis of so- sold as a “tonic” by then Smith Kline and French laboratories phisticated traditional medicine systems, with the earli- (precursor of GlaxoSmithKline) in the United States around the Aest records dating from around 2900-2600 BCE,1 documenting turn of the 20th Century. The use and abuse of these compounds the uses of approximately 1,000 plant-derived substances in is much too complex to discuss here, but in 1973, Pert and Syn- Mesopotamia2 and the active transportation of medicinal plants der reported the identification of opioid receptors in brain tis- and oils around what is now known as Southwest Asia. These sue,9 and this report was closely followed in 1975 by Kosterlitz included oils of Cedrus species (cedar) and Cupressus sempervi- and Hughes.10 This identification of “endogenous morphine-like rens (cypress), Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice), Commiphora species substances” over the next few years led to the discovery of en- (myrrh), and the star of this story, Papaver somniferum (poppy kephalins, endorphins, and dynorphins, all of which had the com- juice). It should be noted that all are still used today for the treat- mon N-terminal sequence of Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-(Met/Leu), leading to ment of ailments ranging from coughs, colds, and analgesia to the concept that morphine actually mimics this sequence.11 parasitic infections and inflammation.
  • Fumaria Indica L

    Fumaria Indica L

    Fumaria indica L. Scientific Name: Fumaria indica L. Synonyms: Fumaria parviflora auct. Non Lam. Burkill, Fumaria parviflora ssp. vaillanii (Lois.) Hook.f. & Thomas, Fumaria vaillanii var. indica Hausskn. Family: Papaveraceae Subfamily: Fumarioideae Tribe: Fumarieae Subtribe: Fumariinae Genus: Fumaria Specie s: indica Common Name: Fumaria, Pitpapra, Shahtrah, Common fumitory Part used: whole plant Plant Description: Fumaria indica is a delicate much-branched annual herb with clusters of tiny pale-pinkish to whitish flowers, each 5-6 mm long. Sepals are minute. Upper petal has short, somewhat down-curved sac-like spur. Flower-stalks are erect, as long as or slightly shorter than the lace-shaped bracts. Leaves are 2-3 times cut into narrow pointed segments, about 1 mm broad. Stems are glaucous, leafy, 5-30 cm long. Fruit is round, about 2 mm. Chemical Constituents: narceimine, (-)-tetrahydro-coptisine, narlumidine, methyl fumarate, protopine, bicuculine, and fumariline. Papraine, Fumarizine, Papracinine, Paprarine, Paprafumine, Papracine, Papraline, Paprazine, Noroxyhydrastinine, Oxy-hydrastinine, 3-N- methylo-corydaldine, Fumariflorine, Stylopine, Cryptopine, 8-oxocoptisine, Bisnorargemonine, Lastourvilline, (-)-β-hydrastine, N-methylhydrastine, Fumaramine, Parfumine, Fumaritine, Fumaritine N-oxide, N-Feruloyltyramine. Structures of chemical constituents of Fumaria indica L. Narceimine (-)-Tetrahydrocoptisine Methyl fumarate 253 Protopine Bicuculine Fumariline Fumaritine N-Feruloyltyramine Stylopine Cryptopine Noroxyhydrastinine Actions