A Checklist of the Butterflies of Sri Lanka
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Original Research Article DOI - 10.26479/2017.0206.01 BIOLOGY of FEW BUTTERFLY SPECIES of AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS of ARID REGIONS of KARNATAKA, INDIA Santhosh S
Santhosh & Basavarajappa RJLBPCS 2017 www.rjlbpcs.com Life Science Informatics Publications Original Research Article DOI - 10.26479/2017.0206.01 BIOLOGY OF FEW BUTTERFLY SPECIES OF AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS OF ARID REGIONS OF KARNATAKA, INDIA Santhosh S. & S. Basavarajappa* Entomology Laboratory, DOS in Zoology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore-570 006, India ABSTRACT: Agriculture ecosystems have provided congenial habitat for various butterfly species. The Papilionidae and Nymphalidae family member’s most of their life cycle is depended on natural plant communities amidst agriculture ecosystems. To record few butterflies viz., Papilio polytes, Graphium agamemnon, Ariadne merione and Junonia hierta, agriculture ecosystems were selected randomly and visited frequently by adapting five-hundred-meter length line transects during 2014 to 2016. Study sites were visited during 0800 to 1700 hours and recorded the ovipositing behaviour of gravid female of these butterfly species by following standard methods. Eggs along with the host plant leaves / shoot / twigs were collected in a sterilized Petri dish and brought to the laboratory for further studies. Eggs were maintained under sterilized laboratory conditions till hatching. Newly hatched larvae were fed with their preferred host plants foliage and reared by following standard methods. P. polytes and G. agamemnon and A. merione and J. hierta developmental stages included egg, larva, pupa and adult and these stages have showed significant variation (F=21.35; P>0.01). Further, all the four species had four moults and five instars in their larval stage. However, including larval period, pupal duration was also varied considerably among these species. Further, overall life cycle completed in 43, 32.5 to 40, 21 to 30 and 21 to 29 days by P. -
Identification of Satyrine Butterflies of Peninsular India Through DNA Barcodes Component: Morphological and Taxonomic Studies
KFRI Research Report No. 371 Identification of Satyrine Butterflies of Peninsular India through DNA Barcodes Component: Morphological and taxonomic studies George Mathew Kerala Forest Research Institute An Institution of Kerala State Council for Science, Technology and Environment (KSCSTE) Peechi – 680 653, Thrissur, Kerala, India November 2010 KFRI Research Report No. 371 Identification of Satyrine butterflies of Peninsular India through DNA Barcodes Component: Morphological and taxonomic studies (Final Report of the Project KFRI/535/2006: Project sponsored by the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, New Delhi) George Mathew Forest Health Division Kerala Forest Research Institute Peechi-680 653, Thrissur, Kerala, India November 2010 ABSTRACT OF PROJECT PROPOSAL Project No. KFRI/535/2006 1. Title of the project:” Identification of Satyrine Butterflies of Peninsular India through DNA Barcodes” 2. Objectives: Component for CES, IISc, Bangalore: (i) Determination of appropriate markers for DNA barcoding of satyrine butterflies. (ii) Identification of cryptic species. (iii) Verification of DNA Barcoded specimens. (iv) Molecular systematics of satyrines. Component for KFRI, Peechi: (i) Field sampling of populations of target butterflies. (ii) Taxonomic identification of butterflies in the field and lab. (iii) Collection of representative specimens and preservation for DNA extraction. 3. Date of commencement: July 2006 4. Scheduled date of completion: June 2010 5. Project Team: Principal Investigator (of KFRI component): Dr. George Mathew Research Fellow: Shri. Pramod S. (from March 2008- Nov. 2009) Smt. Soumya.K.C. (from Jan. 2010- Jun. 2010) 6. Study Area: Kerala part of the Western Ghats. 7. Duration of the study: 2007- 2010 8. Project Budget: Rs. 8.01 Lakhs 9. -
3 Additions of Butterflies.Pmd
JoTT NOTE 1(5): 298-299 Three additions to the known butterfly 2. White-banded Awl (Hasora taminatus (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera and Grypocera) (Hübner)) (Image 2) Family: Hesperiidae fauna of Goa, India Sub-family: Coeliadinae On 28 December 2008 one individual Parag Rangnekar 1 & Omkar Dharwadkar 2 of this species was observed mud-puddling around 1130hr along with Common Pierrot (Castalius rosimon Fabricius), Dark 1 Bldg 4, S-3, Technopark, Chogm Road, Alto-Porvorim, Goa Grass Blue (Zizeeria karsandra Moore), Common Emigrants 403001, India (Catopsilia pomona Fabricius) and Large Oakblue (Arhopala 2 Flat No. F-2, First Floor, Kurtarkar Commercial Arcade, Kaziwada, Ponda, Goa 403401, India amantes Hewitson) in the premises of “Aaranyak”, the tented Email: 1 [email protected] accommodation facility of the Department of Forest, Govt. of Goa, in the Mollem National Park. Attempts to photograph the butterfly were in vain as it flew from one spot to another Studies on the fauna of Goa are few. Compared to other and finally vertically into the canopy. Further visits to the fauna the butterflies of the State are fairly well documented. location did not result in sighting of the White-banded Awl, The most dependable study on the butterflies of the Western although the other butterflies mentioned above were present Ghats has been by Gaonkar (1996) which documents 330 at the site. The species was later photographed while mud- species of which 251 species have been reported from Goa. In puddling along the riverside at Netravali on 25 January 2009 recent works, 97 species have been documented from the Bondla by both the authors. -
A Compilation and Analysis of Food Plants Utilization of Sri Lankan Butterfly Larvae (Papilionoidea)
MAJOR ARTICLE TAPROBANICA, ISSN 1800–427X. August, 2014. Vol. 06, No. 02: pp. 110–131, pls. 12, 13. © Research Center for Climate Change, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia & Taprobanica Private Limited, Homagama, Sri Lanka http://www.sljol.info/index.php/tapro A COMPILATION AND ANALYSIS OF FOOD PLANTS UTILIZATION OF SRI LANKAN BUTTERFLY LARVAE (PAPILIONOIDEA) Section Editors: Jeffrey Miller & James L. Reveal Submitted: 08 Dec. 2013, Accepted: 15 Mar. 2014 H. D. Jayasinghe1,2, S. S. Rajapaksha1, C. de Alwis1 1Butterfly Conservation Society of Sri Lanka, 762/A, Yatihena, Malwana, Sri Lanka 2 E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Larval food plants (LFPs) of Sri Lankan butterflies are poorly documented in the historical literature and there is a great need to identify LFPs in conservation perspectives. Therefore, the current study was designed and carried out during the past decade. A list of LFPs for 207 butterfly species (Super family Papilionoidea) of Sri Lanka is presented based on local studies and includes 785 plant-butterfly combinations and 480 plant species. Many of these combinations are reported for the first time in Sri Lanka. The impact of introducing new plants on the dynamics of abundance and distribution of butterflies, the possibility of butterflies being pests on crops, and observations of LFPs of rare butterfly species, are discussed. This information is crucial for the conservation management of the butterfly fauna in Sri Lanka. Key words: conservation, crops, larval food plants (LFPs), pests, plant-butterfly combination. Introduction Butterflies go through complete metamorphosis 1949). As all herbivorous insects show some and have two stages of food consumtion. -
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J Insect Behav DOl 10.1007/sI0905-011-9289-1 Evidence for Mate Guarding Behavior in the Taylor's Checkerspot Butterfly Victoria J. Bennett· Winston P. Smith· Matthew G. Betts Revised: 29 July 20 II/Accepted: 9 August 20II ��. Springer Seicnee+Business Media, LLC 2011 Abstract Discerning the intricacies of mating systems in butterflies can be difficult, particularly when multiple mating strategies are employed and are cryptic and not exclusive. We observed the behavior and habitat use of 113 male Taylor's checkerspot butterflies (Euphydryas editha taylori). We confinned that two distinct mating strategies were exhibited; patrolling and perching. These strategies varied temporally in relation to the protandrous mating system employed. Among perching males, we recorded high site fidelity and aggressive defense of small «5 m2) territories. This telTitoriality was not clearly a function of classic or non-classic resource defense (i.e., host plants or landscape), but rather appeared to constitute guarding of female pupae (virgin females). This discrete behavior is previously undocumented for this species and has rarely been observed in butterflies. Keywords Euphydryas editha taylori . mating systems · pre-copulatory mate guarding· protandry· sexual selection Introduction Inn'asexual selection is the most conunonly observed and well-documented sexual selection process exhibited by butterfly species (Andersson 1994; Rutowski 1997; Wiklund 2003). Competition between males for sexually receptive females has led to the evolution of a large variety of mating systems in this taxon (Rutowski 1991). Among these mating systems, mate acquisition strategies, such as mate locating, V J. Bennett (18) . M. G. Betts Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University. -
Rubber Agroforestry in Thailand Provides Some Biodiversity Benefits Without Reducing Yields
Rubber agroforestry in Thailand provides some biodiversity benefits without reducing yields Supplementary Information This supplementary information includes (text, figures, then tables, in sequence as referred to in main text): Figure S1 Rubber plantation area globally, and in Southeast Asia, 1980 to 2016. Figure S2 Map of study region showing location of farms in the yield dataset within Phatthalung province, and sampling blocks in the biodiversity dataset in Phatthalung and Songkhla provinces. Letters A – E indicate “districts” that identify spatially clumped sampling blocks. Figure S3 Monthly rainfall (sum of daily records) and maximum daily temperatures recorded at Hat Yai airport, Songkhla province, Thailand. Figure S4 Correlation matrix of habitat structural variables across all plots using Pearson correlation, showing a) all variables and b) selected summarised variables Figure S5 Validation of point-based land-use quantification Figure S6 Rubber stem density in biodiversity and yield datasets. Figure S7 Comparison of a) agrodiversity, b) fruit tree stem density and c) timber tree stem density of AF plots between yield and biodiversity datasets. Figure S8 Variation in species richness among districts, analysed to decide whether to include district as a random effects in models of species richness response. Figure S9 Influence of rainfall on butterfly species richness, analysed to decide whether to include rainfall as a random effects in models of species richness response. Figure S10 Influence of sampling trap-days on butterfly species richness, analysed to decide whether to include trap-days as a random effects in models of species richness response. Figure S11 Comparison of rubber yields in AF and MO plots within soil types Figure S12 Habitat structure measures of rubber agroforests (AF) and monocultures (MO) in biodiversity dataset plots. -
Schmetterlinge in Sri Lanka
Schmetterlinge in Sri Lanka (E) = endemisch Lateinische Englische Bezeichnung Deutsche Bezeichnung Bezeichnung Papilionidae Ritterfalter 1 Troides darsius Common Birdwing (E) Königin Alexandra-Falter 2 Pachliopta hector Crimson Rose Crimson Rosenschmetterling 3 Pachliopta jophon Ceylon Rose (E) Sri Lanka Rosenschmetterling 4 Pachliopta aristolochiae Common Rose Gewöhnlicher Rosenschmetterling 5 Papilio crino Common Banded Peacock Gewöhnlich gebänderter Ritterling 6 Papilio demoleus Lime Butterfly Zitruswürfelfalter 7 Papilio helenus Red Helen 8 Papilio polytes Common Mormon Gewöhnlicher Mormone 9 Papilio polymnestor Blue Mormon Blauer Mormone 10 Chilasa clytia Common Mime 11 Graphium sarpedon Bluebottle 12 Graphium doson Common Jay gewöhnlicher Eichelhäher 13 Graphium agamemnon Tailed Jay geschweifter Eichelhäher 14 Pathysa nomius Spot Swordtail 15 Pathysa antiphates Five bar Swordtail Pieridae Weißlinge 16 Leptosia nina Psyche 17 Delias eucharis Jezebel Jezebel-Schmetterling 18 Prioneris sita Painted Sawtooth 19 Belenois aurota Pioneer White (African Caper White) 20 Cepora nerissa Common Gull 21 Cepora nadina Lesser Gull 22 Appias indra Plain Puffin 23 Appias libythea Striped Albatross Gestreifter Albatros 24 Appias lyncida Chocolate Albatross 25 Appias albina Common Albatross 26 Appias paulina Lesser Albatross 27 Ixias marianne White Orange Tip Weiß-Oranger 28 Ixias pyrene Yellow Orange Tip 29 Hebomoia glaucippe Great Orange Tip Großer Aurorafalter 30 Catopsilia pyranthe Mottled Emigrant 31 Catopsilia pomona Lemon Emigrant 32 Pareronia -
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OPEN ACCESS The Journal of Threatened Taxa is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by publishing peer-reviewed artcles online every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows unrestricted use of artcles in any medium, reproducton, and distributon by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publicaton. Journal of Threatened Taxa Building evidence for conservaton globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Communication A preliminary checklist of butterflies from the northern Eastern Ghats with notes on new and significant species records including three new reports for peninsular India Rajkamal Goswami, Ovee Thorat, Vikram Aditya & Seena Narayanan Karimbumkara 26 November 2018 | Vol. 10 | No. 13 | Pages: 12769–12791 10.11609/jot.3730.10.13.12769-12791 For Focus, Scope, Aims, Policies and Guidelines visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-0 For Artcle Submission Guidelines visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/submissions#onlineSubmissions For Policies against Scientfc Misconduct visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-2 For reprints contact <[email protected]> Publisher & Host Partners Member Threatened Taxa Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 November 2018 | 10(13): 12769–12791 A preliminary -
Morphological Characters of the Immature Stages of Henotesia Narcissus
224 Nachr. entomol. Ver. Apollo, N. F. 23 (4): 225–236 (2003) 225 Morphological characters of the immature stages of Henotesia narcissus (Fabricius, 1798): description and phylogenetic significance (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, Satyrini, Mycalesina)1 Peter H. Roos Dr. Peter H. Roos, Goethestrasse 1a, D-45549 Sprockhövel, Germany; e-mail: [email protected] Abstract: Development and morphological characters of mathematisch adäquat durch eine Exponentialfunktion the immature stages of Henotesia narcissus (Fabricius, 1798) beschrieben werden. Ähnliche Funktionen können zur from Madagascar were studied. The aims were to find phy- Charakterisierung des Längenwachstums des Körpers sowie logenetically relevant characters to analyze the systematic der Zunahme der Stemmatadurchmesser benutzt werden. relationships of the subtribe Mycalesina within the Satyrini Durch einfache Kalkulationen können einzelne Larvalsta- and to find criteria for distinction of the larval stages. Clear dien identifiziert werden, wodurch die Vorausetzung für synapomorphies have been found for Mycalesina and the vergleichende morphologische Studien geschaffen ist. subtribe Ypthimina in the larval stages such as clubbed setae and thoracic dorsal trichome fields in the last instar larvae. Thus, the close relationship between the Mycalesina and Introduction the Lethina/Elymniina as proposed by Miller (1968) is not The order Lepidoptera includes an estimated number confirmed by our results. Our conclusion is supported by fur- of about 1.4 million species (Gaston 1991, Simon 1996). ther common characters of the Mycalesina and Ypthimina which, however, cannot be easily interpreted in phylogenetic For many, if not most of the known species often nothing terms. Such characters which are not shared by the Lethina more than some characters of the wing pattern have and Elymniina are for example the shape of the scoli present been published which may allow the identification of on the head capsule in all larval instars, the enlargement the species in the mature stage. -
Check-List of the Butterflies of the Kakamega Forest Nature Reserve in Western Kenya (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea, Papilionoidea)
Nachr. entomol. Ver. Apollo, N. F. 25 (4): 161–174 (2004) 161 Check-list of the butterflies of the Kakamega Forest Nature Reserve in western Kenya (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea, Papilionoidea) Lars Kühne, Steve C. Collins and Wanja Kinuthia1 Lars Kühne, Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstraße 43, D-10115 Berlin, Germany; email: [email protected] Steve C. Collins, African Butterfly Research Institute, P.O. Box 14308, Nairobi, Kenya Dr. Wanja Kinuthia, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museums of Kenya, P.O. Box 40658, Nairobi, Kenya Abstract: All species of butterflies recorded from the Kaka- list it was clear that thorough investigation of scientific mega Forest N.R. in western Kenya are listed for the first collections can produce a very sound list of the occur- time. The check-list is based mainly on the collection of ring species in a relatively short time. The information A.B.R.I. (African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi). Furthermore records from the collection of the National density is frequently underestimated and collection data Museum of Kenya (Nairobi), the BIOTA-project and from offers a description of species diversity within a local literature were included in this list. In total 491 species or area, in particular with reference to rapid measurement 55 % of approximately 900 Kenyan species could be veri- of biodiversity (Trueman & Cranston 1997, Danks 1998, fied for the area. 31 species were not recorded before from Trojan 2000). Kenyan territory, 9 of them were described as new since the appearance of the book by Larsen (1996). The kind of list being produced here represents an information source for the total species diversity of the Checkliste der Tagfalter des Kakamega-Waldschutzge- Kakamega forest. -
Tropical Phenology: Bi-Annual Rhythms and Interannual Variation in an Afrotropical Butterfly Assemblage 1, 2 3 4 ANU VALTONEN, FREERK MOLLEMAN, COLIN A
Tropical phenology: bi-annual rhythms and interannual variation in an Afrotropical butterfly assemblage 1, 2 3 4 ANU VALTONEN, FREERK MOLLEMAN, COLIN A. CHAPMAN, JAMES R. CAREY, 5 1 MATTHEW P. AYRES, AND HEIKKI ROININEN 1Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu FI-80101 Finland 2Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu EE-51014 Estonia 3Department of Anthropology and McGill School of Environment, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T7 Canada 4Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, California 95616 USA 5Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755 USA Citation: Valtonen, A., F. Molleman, C. A. Chapman, J. R. Carey, M. P. Ayres, and H. Roininen. 2013. Tropical phenology: bi-annual rhythms and interannual variation in an Afrotropical butterfly assemblage. Ecosphere 4(3):36. http://dx.doi. org/10.1890/ES12-00338.1 Abstract. Temporal variation and phenology of tropical insect communities and the role of environmental factors controlling this variation is poorly understood. A better understanding is needed, for example, to predict the effects of climate change on tropical insect communities and to assess the long- term persistence of tropical communities. We studied seasonal and inter-annual variation in tropical fruit- feeding butterflies by exploiting a unique 137-month abundance time series of .100 species, sampled at 22 locations in the medium altitude montane rain forest of Kibale National Park, western Uganda. Precipitation peaked twice per year, about 20 d after each equinox. Vegetation greenness peaked approximately 33 d later. Species richness and abundance of butterflies peaked about 2 and 3 months, respectively, after the greenness peak. -
Functional Responses and Intraspecific
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGYENTOMOLOGY ISSN (online): 1802-8829 Eur. J. Entomol. 115: 232–241, 2018 http://www.eje.cz doi: 10.14411/eje.2018.022 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Functional responses and intraspecifi c competition in the ladybird Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) provided with Melanaphis sacchari (Homoptera: Aphididae) as prey PENGXIANG WU 1, 2, J ING ZHANG 1, 2, M UHAMMAD HASEEB 3, S HUO YAN 4, LAMBERT KANGA3 and R UNZHI ZHANG 1, * 1 Department of Entomology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #1-5 Beichen West Rd., Chaoyang, Beijing 100101, China; e-mails: [email protected] (Wu P.X.), [email protected] (Zhang J.), [email protected] (Zhang R.Z.) 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 3 Center for Biological Control, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307-4100, USA; e-mails: [email protected] (Haseeb M.), [email protected] (Kanga L.) 4 National Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center, Beijing 100125, China; e-mail: [email protected] (Yan S.) Key words. Coleoptera, Coccinellidae, Harmonia axyridis, Hemiptera, Aphididae, Melanaphis sacchari, functional response, intraspecifi c competition Abstract. Functional responses at each developmental stage of predators and intraspecifi c competition associated with direct interactions among them provide insights into developing biological control strategies for pests. The functional responses of Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) at each developmental stage of Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner) and intraspecifi c competition among predators were evaluated under laboratory conditions. The results showed that all stages of H. axyridis displayed a type II func- tional response to M.