World Bank Document

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

World Bank Document Document of The World Bank Public Disclosure Authorized FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Report No: 56576-PE PROJECT APPRAISAL DOCUMENT Public Disclosure Authorized ON A PROPOSED TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE LOAN IN THE AMOUNT OF US$20 MILLION TO THE REPUBLIC OF PERU FOR A Public Disclosure Authorized JUSTICE SERVICES IMPROVEMENT PROJECT II October 20, 2010 This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the Public Disclosure Authorized performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (Exchange Rate Effective September 13, 2010) Currency Unit = US Dollar 2.8 Peruvian Soles Nuevos = US$1 1.52 US$ = SDR 1 FISCAL YEAR January 1 – December 31 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ADR Alternative Dispute Resolution AGO Attorney General’s Office (Ministerio Público or Fiscalía) ALEGRAs Legal aid centers administered by the Ministry of Justice in conjunction with municipalities (Asistencia Legal Gratuita) AMAG Judicial Academy (Academia de la Magistratura) CEJA Justice Studies Center of the Americas (Centro de Estudios de Justicia de las Américas) CNM National Judicial Council (Consejo Nacional de la Magistratura) CSO Civil Society Organization CPC Criminal Procedure Code (Código Procesal Penal) CPS Country Partnership Strategy GAC Governance and Anti-Corruption Strategy of the World Bank GDP Gross Domestic Product GoP Government of Peru IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development IDB Inter-American Development Bank IDL Legal Defense Institute (Instituto de Defensa Legal) INPE National Penitentiary Institute (Instituto Nacional Penitenciario) JSCA Justice Studies Center of the Americas (Centro de Estudios de Justicia de las Americas) MEF Peru’s Ministry of Finance and Economy MINJUS Peru’s Ministry of Justice OCMA Anti-corruption Office of the Judiciary (Oficina de Control de la Magistratura) ODECMA Decentralized offices of the OCMA PAD Project Appraisal Document PCU Project Coordination Unit Vice President: Pamela Cox Country Director: Carlos Felipe Jaramillo Sector Director Marcelo Giugale Sector Manager: Veronica E. Zavala Lombardi Task Team Leader: Lisa L. Bhansali PERU Justice Services Improvement Project II CONTENTS Page I. STRATEGIC CONTEXT AND RATIONALE ................................................................. 1 A. Country and sector issues.................................................................................................... 1 B. Rationale for Bank involvement ......................................................................................... 4 C. Higher level objectives to which the project contributes .................................................... 5 II. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................. 5 A. Lending instrument ............................................................................................................. 5 B. Project development objective and key indicators .............................................................. 5 C. Project Components ............................................................................................................ 5 D. Lessons learned from the 1st project and reflected in the project design ............................ 8 E. Alternatives considered and reasons for rejection ............................................................ 11 III. IMPLEMENTATION .................................................................................................... 12 A. Partnership arrangements (if applicable) .......................................................................... 12 B. Institutional and implementation arrangements ................................................................ 12 C. Monitoring and evaluation of outcomes/results ................................................................ 12 D. Sustainability..................................................................................................................... 13 E. Critical risks and possible controversial aspects ............................................................... 13 F. Loan/credit conditions and covenants ............................................................................... 15 IV. APPRAISAL SUMMARY ............................................................................................. 16 A. Economic and financial analyses ...................................................................................... 16 B. Technical ........................................................................................................................... 17 C. Fiduciary ........................................................................................................................... 17 D. Social................................................................................................................................. 18 E. Environment ...................................................................................................................... 21 F. Safeguard policies ............................................................................................................. 21 G. Policy Exceptions and Readiness...................................................................................... 21 Annex 1: Country and Sector or Program Background ......................................................... 22 Annex 2: Major Related Projects Financed by the Bank and/or other Agencies ................. 29 Annex 3: Results Framework and Monitoring ........................................................................ 32 Annex 4: Detailed Project Description ...................................................................................... 36 Annex 5: Project Costs ............................................................................................................... 43 Annex 6: Implementation Arrangements ................................................................................. 44 Annex 7: Financial Management and Disbursement Arrangements ..................................... 46 Annex 8: Procurement Arrangements ...................................................................................... 57 Annex 9: Economic and Financial Analysis ............................................................................. 63 Annex 10: Safeguard Policy Issues ........................................................................................... 64 Annex 11: Project Preparation and Supervision .................................................................... 66 Annex 12: Documents in the Project File ................................................................................. 68 Annex 13: Statement of Loans and Credits .............................................................................. 71 Annex 14: Country at a Glance ................................................................................................. 73 Annex 15: Map IBRD 33465R ................................................................................................... 75 PERU JUSTICE SERVICES IMPROVEMENT PROJECT II PROJECT APPRAISAL DOCUMENT LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN LCSPS Date: October 20, 2010 Team Leader: Lisa L. Bhansali Country Director: Carlos Felipe Jaramillo Sectors: Law and justice (100%) Sector Manager: Veronica E. Zavala Themes: Access to law and justice (40%); Lombardi Judicial and other dispute resolution mechanisms (40%); Legal institutions for a market economy (20%) Project ID: P110752 Environmental category: C Lending Instrument: Technical Assistance Joint IFC: N/A Loan Joint Level: N/A Project Financing Data [X] Loan [ ] Credit [ ] Grant [ ] Guarantee [ ] Other: For Loans/Credits/Others: Total Bank financing (US$m.): 20.00 Proposed terms: Variable-Spread Loan (VSL) with a repayment schedule linked to commitments and with all options. Payable in 13 years, including a 10.5 year grace period with a custom repayment schedule with repayments on each May 15 and November 15. Front-End Fee equal to one quarter of one percent (.25%) of the loan amount payable from the Borrower’s proceeds within 60 days of effectiveness. Financing Plan (US$m) Source Local Foreign Total Borrower 10.00 0.00 10.00 International Bank for Reconstruction and 20.00 0.00 20.00 Development Total: 30.00 0.00 30.00 Borrower: Republic of Peru Represented by the Ministry of Economy and Finance Jr. Junín 319, Cercado de Lima, Lima, Perú Tel: (51-1) 311-5930 Responsible Agency: Judiciary of Peru Av. Paseo de la República s/n, Palacio N 4to Piso, Oficina 444 Lima, Perú Tel: (51-1) 719-6300 Fax: (51-1) 427-0292 [email protected] Estimated disbursements (Bank FY/US$m) FY 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Annual 0 5 6 6 2.5 0.5 Cumulative 0 5 11 17 19.5 20 Project implementation period: 4 years Expected effectiveness date: April 1, 2011 Expected closing date: September 30, 2015 Does the project depart from the CAS in content or other significant respects? [ ]Yes [X] No Ref. PAD I.C. Does the project require any exceptions from Bank policies? Ref. PAD IV.G. [ ]Yes [X] No Have these been approved by Bank management? [ ]Yes [ X ] No Is approval for any policy exception sought from the Board? [ ]Yes [X] No Does the project include any critical risks rated “substantial” or “high”? [ ]Yes [X] No Ref. PAD III.E. Does the project meet the Regional criteria for readiness for implementation? [X]Yes [ ] No Ref. PAD IV.G. Project development objective
Recommended publications
  • Situa T I on Response
    SITUATION August 2020 REPORT PERU REFUGEES AND PEOPLE REACHED WITH SOME FUNDING SITUATION** MIGRANTS IN PERU FORM OF ASSISTANCE* 23,7 FUNDED: $35,35 M 830 ,000 24,000 REQUIREMENT: $148,64 M % Si t u a t i o n During August, Peru has registered over 7,000 confirmed COVID-19 infections and 200 deaths per day. Due to this increase, on 12 August the government reinstated the lockdown in more affected regions, national 24h curfew on Sunday, and banned family gatherings. On 2 August, the government suspended the need to validate medical professional degrees as a requirement to contribute in the response to the pandemic and support the public health system. As such, from 15 August, foreign health professionals, including refugees and migrants from Venezuela, can join in the country’s efforts against COVID-19. The National Superintendence of Migration (SNM), in partnership with the National Police (PNP), the National Penitentiary Institute (INPE) and the Judiciary of Peru, incorporated an online option to obtain criminal and judicial records through the Immigration Digital Platform. These records are needed to apply for the Special Residence Status that applies for all those with Temporary Stay Permits (PTP) including refugees and migrants from Venezuela. Respons e During the month, some 100 gender-based violence (GBV) other essential items, needed by vulnerable refugees and survivors in Lima, were assisted with psychosocial support. Also, migrants from Venezuela. Additionally, 400 persons benefited partners reinforced response on GBV by working together with from CBI specifically to address health concerns. Casa de la Mujer, a temporary shelter managed by the Some 600 refugees and migrants accessed mental health Municipality of Lima, and distributed hygiene kits, thermic sessions and another 600 received psychosocial support.
    [Show full text]
  • The Leticia Incident
    The Leticia Incident The Colombian - Peruvian Border Conflict of 1932-1934 Exhibit Focus This thematic exhibit explores the territorial dispute between Colombia and Peru over control of the city of Leticia in Department of Amazonas and the League of Nations involvement in resolving the conflict. Introduction Local Peruvians, angry that Leticia had been ceded to Colombia in 1922, invaded Leticia to regain control of the territory. After nine months of fighting, Colombia and Peru agreed to abide by League arbitration to settle the quarrel. The League sent a Commission for the Administration of the Territory of Leticia to the area for one year. During peace treaty negotiations, a neutral military force under the Commission’s supervision policed the disputed territory. Exhibit Development The story-line progresses chronologically from the initial invasion of Colombian territory by Peru, through peace negotiations, to the League’s final decision to award the city and territory to Colombia. Commission for the Territory of Leticia, Colombia to Washington, D.C. U.S.A,, December 1933 Importance and Rarity via Bogotá, Colombia, 27 December 1933, League of Nations embossed seal on flap This was the earliest neutral military force under Surface rate paid by Pan American Union Postal Convention postage paid indicia (violet box) international control for peace-keeping purposes. It Eight recorded examples of official mail sent within Pan American Union countries remains the model for modern peace-keeping. Only twenty-six examples of official mail to
    [Show full text]
  • (3Rd Circuit Court of Appeals) Opening Brief For
    Case: 20-1765 Document: 18 Page: 1 Date Filed: 06/15/2020 NO. 20-1765 IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT _______________________________ MÁXIMA ACUÑA-ATALAYA, DANIEL CHAUPE-ACUÑA, JILDA CHAUPE- ACUÑA, CARLOS CHAUPE-ACUÑA, YSIDORA CHAUPE-ACUÑA, ELIAS CHAVEZ-RODRIGUEZ, MARIBEL HIL-BRIONES, Plaintiffs/Appellants, v. NEWMONT MINING CORPORATION, NEWMONT SECOND CAPITAL CORPORATION, NEWMONT USA LIMITED, AND NEWMONT PERU LIMITED, Defendants/Appellees. ______________________________________________________ On Appeal from the United States District Court for the District of Delaware Civil Action No. 17-1315 (Honorable Gerald Austin McHugh, District Judge) ______________________________________________________ OPENING BRIEF FOR PLAINTIFFS/APPELLANTS AND JOINT APPENDIX VOL. I ______________________________________________________ Richard Herz Marissa Vahlsing Marco Simons Benjamin Hoffman Wyatt Gjullin EARTHRIGHTS INTERNATIONAL 1612 K Street NW, Suite 800 Washington, DC 20006 June 15, 2020 Tel: (202) 466-5188 Case: 20-1765 Document: 18 Page: 2 Date Filed: 06/15/2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF AUTHORITIES .............................................................................................. v INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................ 1 JURISDICTIONAL STATEMENT ................................................................................... 3 ISSUES PRESENTED ........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    PROJECT INFORMATION DOCUMENT (PID) APPRAISAL STAGE Report No.: AB4987 Justice Services Improvement Project II Project Name Public Disclosure Authorized Region LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN Sector Law and justice (100%) Project ID P110752 Borrower(s) REPUBLIC OF PERU Implementing Agency Judiciary of Peru Av. Paseo de la República s/n, Palacio N 4to Piso, Oficina 444 Lima Peru Tel: (51-1) 719-6300 Fax: (51-1) 427-0292 [email protected] Public Disclosure Authorized Environment Category [ ] A [] B [ X] C [ ] FI [ ] TBD (to be determined) Date PID Prepared September 30, 2010 Date of Appraisal January 21, 2010 Authorization Date of Board Approval Expected November 18, 2010 1. Country and Sector Background Peru has maintained a sound macroeconomic framework and, as a result, has been able to benefit from these policies in the form of high growth and significant poverty reduction. Between 2004- 2008, Peru's GDP grew at an average rate of 7.6% and, by 2008, the year before the onset of the Public Disclosure Authorized economic crisis, it reached 9.8%, among the strongest growth performances in Latin America and the Caribbean. Fast economic growth has been accompanied by poverty reduction and job creation. Poverty declined from 48.6% in 2004 to 34.8% in 2009, a decline of 13.8 percentage points. While inequality remains high, Peru is making progress in addressing it. Economic growth decelerated sharply in 2009, as a result of the global crisis, but remained positive. The World Bank Group’s Country Partnership Strategy (CPS) for 2007-2011 (Report No. 37913- PE) discussed by the Executive Directors on December 19, 2006 outlines three pillars reflecting Peru’s strategy for development: (i) Economic Growth; (ii) Social Development; and (iii) Modernization of the State1.
    [Show full text]
  • Resistance to the Expansion of Pachakutiq's Inca Empire and Its Effects on the Spanish
    RESISTANCE TO THE EXPANSION OF PACHAKUTIQ'S INCA EMPIRE AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE SPANISH CONQUEST A Senior Scholars Thesis by MIGUEL ALBERTO NOVOA Submitted to the Office of Undergraduate Research Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the designation as HONORS RESEARCH FELLOW May 2012 Major: History Economics RESISTANCE TO THE EXPANSION OF PACHAKUTIQ'S INCA EMPIRE AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE SPANISH CONQUEST A Senior Scholars Thesis by MIGUEL ALBERTO NOVOA Submitted to the Office of Undergraduate Research Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for designation as HONORS RESEARCH FELLOW Approved by: Research Advisor: Glenn Chambers Director for Honors and Undergraduate Research: Duncan Mackenzie May 2012 Major: History Economics iii ABSTRACT Resistance to the Expansion of Pachakutiq's Inca Empire and its Effects on the Spanish Conquest. (May 2012) Miguel Alberto Novoa Department of History Department of Economics Texas A&M University Research Advisor: Dr. Glenn Chambers Department of History This endeavor focuses on the formation and expansion of the Inca Empire and its effects on western South American societies in the fifteenth century. The research examines the Incan cultural, economic, and administrative methods of expansion under Pachakutiq, the founder of the empire, and its impact on the empire’s demise in the sixteenth century. Mainstream historical literature attributes the fall of the Incas to immediate causes such as superior Spanish technology, the Inca civil war, and a devastating smallpox epidemic; however, little is mentioned about the causes within the society itself. An increased focus on the social reactions towards Inca imperialism not only expands current information on Andean civilization, but also enhances scholarly understanding for the abrupt end of the Inca Empire.
    [Show full text]
  • Indians and Mestizos in The“Lettered City”
    Indians and Mestizos in the “Lettered City” Reshaping Justice, Social Hierarchy, and Political Culture in Colonial Peru i Alcira Dueñas I Indians and Mestizos in the “Lettered City” Indians and Mestizos in the “Lettered City” Reshaping Justice, Social Hierarchy, and Political Culture in Colonial Peru i Alcira Dueñas I University Press of Colorado © 2010 by the University Press of Colorado Published by the University Press of Colorado 5589 Arapahoe Avenue, Suite 206C Boulder, Colorado 80303 All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America The University Press of Colorado is a proud member of the Association of American University Presses. The University Press of Colorado is a cooperative publishing enterprise supported, in part, by Adams State College, Colorado State University, Fort Lewis College, Mesa State College, Metro- politan State College of Denver, University of Colorado, University of Northern Colorado, and Western State College of Colorado. The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials. ANSI Z39.48-1992 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Dueñas, Alcira, 1954– Indians and mestizos in the lettered city : reshaping justice, social hierarchy, and political culture in colonial Peru / Alcira Dueñas. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-60732-018-0 (hardcover : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-1-60732-019-7 (electronic book : alk. paper) 1. Indians of South America—Peru—Politics and government. 2. Mestizos—Peru— Politics and government. 3. Indian authors—Peru—History. 4. Peruvian literature—Indian authors—History and criticism. 5. Learning and scholarship—Peru—History.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 15 the Aztec and Inca Empires
    California Standards History-Social Science 7.7 Students compare and contrast the geographic, political, eco­ nomic, religious, and social structures of the Meso-American and Andean civilizations. Analysis Skills CS 3 Students use maps to identify cultural features of neighbor­ hoods, cities, states, and countries. English-Language Arts Writing 7.2.1c Use a range of appropriate strategies (e.g., dia­ logue; suspense; naming of specific narrative action, including movement, gestures, and expressions). Reading 7.2.0 Students describe and connect the essential ideas, arguments, and perspectives of the text by using their knowledge of text structure, organization, and purpose. A Lively Dialogue Imagine that a child your age from Tenochtitl~m. the capital of the Aztec Empire, met a child from Cuzco, the capital of the Inca Empire, and became friends. What might the children say to each other? As you read this chapter, you'll gather material to write a dialogue between the two children in which they talk about their lives. CHAPTER EVENTS WORLD EVENTS The Hundred Years' War between France and England begins. ry's lmpad .,.. video series Watch the video to under­ stand the impact of Mayan achievements on math and c.1440 1502 1519 Pachacuti Moctezuma II Cortes begins to expand becomes emperor arrives the Inca Empire. of the Aztecs. in Mexico. -1433 China's emperor Martin Luther The ~,._ "'. ,;\.'. -.,j ·~:J,~ ends ocean ~:~~~~s ~ \~·-E announces his exploration .. Ninety-Five Theses. of Asia and Constan- Africa. tinople. I'll': THE AZTEC AND INCA EMPIRES 407 Focus on Themes This chapter describes the political systems they used to govern their two of the greatest empires in the Americas, the nations and the scientific and technological Aztec and Inca empires.
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of Social Media in Political Participation of Citizen in Peru of Today
    "There's no politics without communication": The impact of social media in political participation of citizen in Peru of today Maria Jose Paola Zorrilla Huaman Institute of Andean Political Studies [email protected] 30, rue Professeur Joseph Nicolas , 69008 Lyon, France Abstract We are living in the age of information, turning quickly of mass media to social media. This process has transformed the way where people interact each other, creating a new Policy-Communicative scene in which we have to ask ourselves: What is the impact of social media in political participation? For answer this we’re going to determinate the impact of social media in marches against a presidential candidate, Keiko Fujimori, during presidential election of 2016 in Peru This paper is divided in three parts. The first one it’s about theory background and definition of key concepts like Social media and Political communication, all this under the Theory of Political Communication in general and the theory focuses of online news in particular. In the second part we will determinate the methodological background and finally, the third part will analyze more specifically the case of marches “NO A KEIKO” with a descriptive research using tables and interviews as sources. Key Words: Collectives, Political Communication, Political Participation, Politics, Social Media. Introduction There are two ways to conceive the Political Communication, the first one is as an enemy we for democracy because It controlled and manipulated the citizens, the second way is based on Politics need of communication for fully be developed (Wolton, 2008: p.7). In this moment we are living in the age of information, turning quickly of mass media to social media, it’s why academics research the relation between Medias and politics from 20th century.
    [Show full text]
  • (District Court) Order Granting Motion to Dismiss – March 2020
    Case 1:17-cv-01315-GAM Document 127 Filed 03/10/20 Page 1 of 25 PageID #: 5148 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF DELAWARE MÁXIMA ACUÑA-ATALAYA; DANIEL : CHAUPE-ACUÑA; JILDA CHAUPE-ACUÑA; : CARLOS CHAUPE-ACUÑA; YSIDORA : CIVIL ACTION CHAUPE-ACUÑA, personally and on behalf : No. 17-1315 of her minor child; ELIAS CHAVEZ- : RODRIGUEZ, personally and on behalf : of her minor child; and MARIBEL HIL- : BRIONES, : : Plaintiffs, : v. : : NEWMONT MINING CORPORATION, : NEWMONT SECOND CAPITAL : CORPORATION; NEWMONT USA : LIMITED; and NEWMONT PERU LIMITED, : : Defendants. : McHUGH, J. MARCH 10, 2020 MEMORANDUM OPINION This case concerns a conflict over a tract of land in northern Peru between a family of indigenous campesinos residing on the land (Plaintiffs) and several Delaware-incorporated mining entities, collectively referred to as Newmont. Newmont owns a gold mining company operating in the region, and land on which Plaintiffs live and farm sits atop a gold deposit. In 2017, Plaintiffs brought suit in the District of Delaware. In their Complaint, they contended that Newmont’s agents had used violence and other illegal tactics to evict them from their land. Plaintiffs opted to proceed in these federal courts and not the courts of Peru because they believed the Peruvian courts were corrupt and would not fairly adjudicate their claims. After Plaintiffs filed suit, Newmont moved to dismiss on forum non conveniens grounds, arguing, among other things, that the sources of proof and the key witnesses were in Peru. I Case 1:17-cv-01315-GAM Document 127 Filed 03/10/20 Page 2 of 25 PageID #: 5149 granted Newmont’s motion, with conditions, and Plaintiffs appealed.
    [Show full text]
  • Improving the Performance of Non
    The World Bank Improving Services through Access to Justice, Online Justice and Transparency (P162833) Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Project Information Document/ Integrated Safeguards Data Sheet (PID/ISDS) Concept Stage | Date Prepared/Updated: 26-Jan-2018 | Report No: PIDISDSC21310 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Dec 20, 2017 Page 1 of 10 The World Bank Improving Services through Access to Justice, Online Justice and Transparency (P162833) BASIC INFORMATION A. Basic Project Data OPS TABLE Country Project ID Parent Project ID (if any) Project Name Peru P162833 Improving Services through Access to Justice, Online Justice and Transparency (P162833) Region Estimated Appraisal Date Estimated Board Date Practice Area (Lead) LATIN AMERICA AND May 29, 2018 Aug 02, 2018 Governance CARIBBEAN Financing Instrument Borrower(s) Implementing Agency Investment Project Financing Republic of Peru Judiciary of Peru Proposed Development Objective(s) The Project’s development objective is to improve the efficiency, access to justice and transparency in the provision of non-criminal justice services in Peru. Financing (in USD Million) Finance OLD Financing Source Amount Borrower 100.00 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development 100.00 Total Project Cost 200.00 Environmental Assessment Category Concept Review Decision B-Partial Assessment Track I-The review did authorize the preparation to continue Other Decision (as needed) Dec 20, 2017 Page 2 of 10 The World Bank Improving Services through Access to Justice, Online Justice and Transparency (P162833) B. Introduction and Context Country Context Peru remains one of the fastest growing economies in the Latin America and Caribbean region, although a less favorable external environment slowed its pace in the last three years.
    [Show full text]
  • Avances Y Desafíos Del Sistema De Justicia Peruano Frente a La Implementación Del Proceso Virtual De Pensión De Alimentos Para Niñas, Niños Y Adolescentes1
    Este artículo se encuentra disponible en acceso abierto bajo la licencia Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Revista de la Comisión Permanente de Acceso a la Justicia de Personas en Condición de Vulnerabilidad y Justicia en tu Comunidad del Poder Judicial del Perú Vol. 2, n.o 2, enero-junio, 2021 Publicación semestral. Lima, Perú ISSN: 2709-6491 (online) DOI: https://doi.org/10.51197/lj.v2i2.2 Avances y desafíos del sistema de justicia peruano frente a la implementación del proceso virtual de pensión de alimentos para niñas, niños y adolescentes1 The advances and challenges of the Peruvian justice system with regard to the implementation of the virtual child support process for children and adolescents SARA GASPAR PACHECO Comisión Permanente de Acceso a la Justicia de Personas en Condición de Vulnerabilidad y Justicia en tu Comunidad del Poder Judicial del Perú (Lima, Perú) Contacto: [email protected] https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2739-1422 WILLIAM HOMER FERNÁNDEZ ESPINOZA Comisión Permanente de Acceso a la Justicia de Personas en Condición de Vulnerabilidad y Justicia en tu Comunidad del Poder Judicial del Perú (Lima, Perú) Contacto: [email protected] https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4296-0467 1 Este ensayo quedó semifinalista en el concurso «Nuevas Dinámicas del Derecho Procesal», realizado en el marco del XIII Congreso Internacional de Derecho Procesal, organizado por la Universidad de Medellín (Colombia), del 18 al 22 de agosto de 2020. Se ha ampliado su contenido para la presente publicación. GASPAR PACHECO, SARA
    [Show full text]
  • American Merchants and the Chinese Coolie
    Western Oregon University Digital Commons@WOU Student Theses, Papers and Projects (History) Department of History 2011 American Merchants and the Chinese Coolie Trade 1850-1880: Contrasting models of human trafficking to Peru and the United States Austin Schultz Western Oregon University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.wou.edu/his Part of the Latin American History Commons Recommended Citation Schultz, Austin. "American Merchants and the Chinese Coolie Trade 1850-1880: Contrasting models of human trafficking to Peru and the United States." Department of History seminar paper, Western Oregon University, 2011. This Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of History at Digital Commons@WOU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Student Theses, Papers and Projects (History) by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons@WOU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Austin Schulz 7/29/11 History 600 Independent Study Research Paper American Merchants and the Chinese Coolie Trade 1850-1880: Contrasting models of human trafficking to Peru and the United States The involvement of American merchants in the Chinese coolie trade which was at its height from 1850 to 1880 was inextricably linked to both the Peruvian guano trade and the growing demand for cheap labor in the United States. The discovery by English merchants of significant deposits of guano on the Chincha islands off of the coast of Peru in the early 1820's began a period of immense wealth as merchants realized the potential use of guano as fertilizer for European farmers. Guano had long been known as a valuable fertilizer by many Andean farmers but its discovery by British merchants and farmers provided a market for this resource.
    [Show full text]