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Battery Manufacturing ~~~ Deliverable D4.4 Desk Research & Data Analysis ISIBA – Release 2 Alliance for Batteries Technology, Training and Skills 2019-2023 Battery Manufacturing ~~~ Deliverable D4.4 Desk Research & Data Analysis ISIBA – Release 2 1 The European Commission support for the production of this publication does not constitute an endorsement of the contents which reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. DOCUMENT TITLE Desk research and data analysis for sub-sector ISIBA - Report Title: Release 2 AIA, APIA, Contributing Northvolt, SKEA, Responsible Merinova Project EFACEC, FEUP, Project Partner: Partners: Corvus, SPIN360, VSB-TUO, HE3DA File ALBATTS_D4.4_Desk Research and Data Analysis for name: sub-sector ISIBA – Release 2 No. of Document Pages: 193 0 annexes: data: Dissemination Status: Final Public level: Alliance for Batteries Project title: GA No.: 2019-612675 Technology, Training and Skills 612675-EPP- 1-2019-1-SE- WP4 Intelligence in Stationary Project No.: EPPKA2-SSA- WP title: and Industrial Battery B Applications Deliverable D4.4 No: Due Submission Date: 31.8.2021 31.8.2021 date: date: Drivers of change; EU framework; Battery Passport; battery; Gigafactory; battery manufacturer; supplier; customer; stationary applications; automotive; transportation; production; Keywords: maintenance; logistics; quality; R&D; purchasing; human resources; finance; sales; digitalization; job roles and skills; education Reviewed Marek Spányik, VSB-TUO Review date: 29.8.2021 by: Review date: Approval Approved by: Mika Konu, CEO, Oy Merinova 31.8.2021 date: Alliance for Batteries Technology, Training and Skills ALBATTS – Project number 612675-EPP-1-2019-1-SE-EPPKA2- SSA-B. The European Commission support for the production of this publication under the Grant Agreement Nº 2019-612675 2 does not constitute an endorsement of the contents which reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. Table of Contents DOCUMENT TITLE ......................................................................................................................... 2 Table of Contents ......................................................................................................................... 3 Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................... 5 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 7 List of Abbreviations ..................................................................................................................... 8 1 Methodology ...................................................................................................................... 10 2 Drivers Affecting Battery Manufacturing .............................................................................. 11 2.1 Drivers of Change .................................................................................................................. 11 2.2 EU Framework ....................................................................................................................... 17 2.3 Battery Passport .................................................................................................................... 19 3 Stakeholders ....................................................................................................................... 29 3.1 Battery Manufacturers .......................................................................................................... 29 3.2 Suppliers ................................................................................................................................ 51 3.3 Customers .............................................................................................................................. 61 4 Anatomy of Gigafactory ..................................................................................................... 102 4.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 102 4.2 Production and Maintenance .............................................................................................. 105 4.3 Logistics ............................................................................................................................... 119 4.4 Quality ................................................................................................................................. 125 4.5 Research and development ................................................................................................. 137 4.6 Sustainability and Recycling ................................................................................................ 143 4.7 Other Departments and Teams ........................................................................................... 156 5 Job Roles and Skills ............................................................................................................ 165 5.1 Production and Maintenance .............................................................................................. 165 5.2 Quality ................................................................................................................................. 173 5.3 Logistics and Purchasing ...................................................................................................... 179 Alliance for Batteries Technology, Training and Skills ALBATTS – Project number 612675-EPP-1-2019-1-SE-EPPKA2- SSA-B. The European Commission support for the production of this publication under the Grant Agreement Nº 2019-612675 3 does not constitute an endorsement of the contents which reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. 6 Education .......................................................................................................................... 185 7 List of Sources .................................................................................................................... 192 Alliance for Batteries Technology, Training and Skills ALBATTS – Project number 612675-EPP-1-2019-1-SE-EPPKA2- SSA-B. The European Commission support for the production of this publication under the Grant Agreement Nº 2019-612675 4 does not constitute an endorsement of the contents which reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. Executive Summary The ALBATTS project aims to bring the demand and supply side of skills and competencies together to establish a blueprint for the preparedness of future skills across Europe. This desk research contributes to the ALBATTS project's goals by analysing what a large-scale battery manufacturing plant or a so-called Gigafactory consists of in terms of departments and teams. Who works there, and what kind of skills, competencies, and education do they have. Drivers Affecting Battery Manufacturing chapter addresses the factors that will affect the environment in which battery manufacturer’s function. For example, the climate goals, regulations, and environmental challenges are boosting the need for batteries, but at the same time, reducing CO2 emission from the battery manufacturing itself means that the manufacturers need to address sustainability themselves. Globalisation brings such addressable elements as access to raw materials, global regulatory dialogue and restructuring to facilitate the intermittent renewable energy sources. With new technologies, cybersecurity, global technical harmonisation, standardisations, and smart grid will require further development. We also look into the EU framework and EU’s commitment to becoming the first climate- neutral continent globally that translated into the European Green Deal. Finally, we go through the main EU strategies, initiatives, and projects relevant to battery manufacturing, such as New Industrial Strategy for Europe, European Raw Materials Alliance, Horizon Europe, European Battery Alliance, and European Skills Agenda. The Battery Passport is an essential part of the new Batteries Directive proposal to ensure the sustainability and competitiveness of the EU battery value chain. We analyse the background and the implications of the passport to the battery value chain. In the Stakeholders chapter, we investigate the business environment in which battery manufacturers operate. Who manufacture batteries and the emergence of Gigafactories in Europe? In addition to the Gigafactory level manufacturers, we also examine smaller niche manufactures that are researching alternative and new technologies. We also study the global business environment to understand where Europe stands vs the rest of the world in terms of battery manufacturing. One outcome of this analysis is that Europe should focus more on niche markets, present new technologies and develop green batteries. Alliance for Batteries Technology, Training and Skills ALBATTS – Project number 612675-EPP-1-2019-1-SE-EPPKA2- SSA-B. The European Commission support for the production of this publication under the Grant Agreement Nº 2019-612675 5 does not constitute an endorsement of the contents which reflects the views only
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