Worldbuilding Fundamentado Em Personagens

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Worldbuilding Fundamentado Em Personagens UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA FACULDADE DE BELAS-ARTES Worldbuilding Fundamentado em Personagens Expressão Gráfica de um Mundo gerada através de Personagens-Chave Catarina Pinto Coelho Dias Alpoim Trabalho de Projeto Mestrado em Desenho Trabalho de Projeto orientado pelo Prof. Doutor Henrique Costa 2020 DECLARAÇÃO DE AUTORIA Eu Catarina Pinto Coelho Dias Alpoim, declaro que o presente trabalho de projeto de mestrado intitulada “Worldbuilding Fundamentado em Personagens”, é o resultado da minha investigação pessoal e independente. O conteúdo é original e todas as fontes consultadas estão devidamente mencionadas na bibliografia ou outras listagens de fontes documentais, tal como todas as citações diretas ou indiretas têm devida indicação ao longo do trabalho segundo as normas académicas. A Candidata Lisboa, 07 de Fevereiro de 2020 1 RESUMO O trabalho-projeto intitulado Worldbuilding Fundamentado em Personagens, consiste numa pesquisa gráfica e teórica da construção de um mundo imaginário, utilizando como ponto de partida uma personagem principal. Em termos gráficos, este mundo fantasioso será representando através de estudos de Concept Art e ilustrações cenográficas, efetuados por meios digitais. Na parte teórica, os elementos pertencentes ao mundo serão moldados de acordo com as necessidades impostas pelas personagens e o enredo no qual habitam, para além de serem gerados com atenção aos métodos e tradições de worldbulding já existentes. Consequentemente, apresentaremos um primeiro capítulo que fará o enquadramento teórico do processo, segmentando-o em duas partes. Na primeira parte, vamos evidenciar a definição do processo de worldbuilding, destacando o caso-exemplo da construção da Terra Média de J. R. R. Tolkien; e em quais os ambientes este processo será mais frequentemente aplicado. Para além disso, terminaremos a primeira parte com uma condicionante inerente à construção de um mundo irreal - a suspensão voluntária da descrença, que é um fenómeno que afeta a capacidade de imersão num mundo, visto ser caracterizado pela aceitação voluntaria de elementos alheios à realidade humana. Já na segunda parte do enquadramento teórico, indicaremos quais as metodologias práticas de worldbuilding usualmente empregues, salientando o processo de George R. R. Martin devido ao seu impacto na metodologia projetual deste trabalho. Por fim, apresentaremos a componente prática deste estudo no segundo capítulo, no qual combinamos a concept art à metodologia de worldbuilding do particular para o geral, visto que a componente teórica da criação do mundo será intrínseca ao desenvolvimento dos desenhos. Como tal, demonstraremos como é que o mundo foi desenrolado a partir das personagens e o seu contexto narrativo e, em seguida, como é que esses mesmos elementos determinados previamente serão revisitados nas ilustrações futuras. Paralelamente, iremos salientar também o processo artístico na conceção dos desenhos mais importantes, visto haver uma preocupação com a melhoria da técnica de desenho digital, associada ao problema gerado de como é que poder-se-á transmitir através deste meio um mundo imaginário. 2 Palavras-Chave: Worldbuilding, Concept art, Desenho, Fantasia, Imersão 3 ABSTRACT This project-work entitled Worldbuilding Based on Characters, consists of a graphic and theoretical research about the construction of an imaginary world, where he main character is used as the guideline for the methodology. Graphically, this fantasy world will be represented through studies of Concept Art and scenographic illustrations, carried out digitally through a bitmap software. Whereas in theoretical terms, the elements belonging to this world will be shaped attuned to the needs imposed by the characters and the plot in which they exist, while also being cognizant to the pre- existing worldbulding methods and traditions. Accordingly, we will present a first chapter of the theoretical framework about this process, which we’ll divide into two parts. In the first part, it’ll be highlighted the definition of the worldbuilding process, emphasizing as an example the construction of the Middle Earth by J. R. R. Tolkien; and in which environments this process will be most frequently applied. Additionally, we will end the first part with an inherent requirement to the construction of an unreal world - the voluntary suspension of disbelief, which is a factor that affects the ability to immerse yourself in a world, since characterized by the voluntary acceptance of elements alien to human reality . In the second part of this theoretical framework, we will inform on the most usually employed methodologies, highlighting the process of George R. R. Martin due to its impact on the methodology of this work. Finally, we will present the practical component of this study in the second chapter, in which we connect the concept art with inside-out worldbuilding, seeing that the theoretical component of the creation of this world is intrinsic to the development of the drawings. As such, we will demonstrate how the world unfolded from the characters and their narrative context, and how these same elements determined previously will be revisited in future illustrations. In parallel, we will also highlight the artistic process in the design of the most important drawings, since there’s a concern for the improvement of the digital drawing technique, associated with the problem arisen from how it might be possible to transmit an imaginary world through this medium. 4 Keywords: Worldbuilding, Concept art, Drawing, Fantasy, Immersion 5 Índice Glossário............................................................................................................................8 Introdução........................................................................................................................11 a) Objetivo............................................................................................................... 15 ENQUADRAMENTO TEÓRICO.................................................................................. 16 Parte 1. Worldbuilding – Criação Teórica de um Mundo............................................16 a) Definição de Worldbuilding................................................................................ 16 b) Worldbuilding em diferentes ambientes – Infância, Literatura, Setting Design e atividade artística.....................................................................................................24 c) Processos de Worldbuilding Cooperativo........................................................... 44 d) Suspensão Voluntária da Descrença e a Fantasia................................................54 Parte 2. Metodologias de Worldbuilding.....................................................................66 a) Tradições na construção de mundos Imaginários................................................66 b) Escala de Fantasia............................................................................................... 70 c) Os Métodos Práticos............................................................................................78 METODOLOGIA PROJETUAL.................................................................................... 86 Comunicar o Mundo Mágico do Reino de Isburgo......................................................... 86 Parte 1. Personagens-Chave como Ponto de Partida................................................... 86 a) Conceção do mundo através de personagens-chave............................................89 b) Contextualização das Personagens no mundo imaginário................................ 111 Parte 2. Ilustrações Cenográficas do Mundo............................................................. 126 a) Processo da ilustração do enredo – Visão..........................................................126 6 b) Processo da ilustração do mundo – Sala de Guerra..........................................131 Conclusão...................................................................................................................... 135 a) Bibliografia impressa.........................................................................................138 a) Bibliografia em linha.........................................................................................141 b) Referências de Imagens.....................................................................................147 c) Filmografia........................................................................................................ 150 Apêndices...................................................................................................................... 153 a) Esqueleto Numerado da Narrativa.....................................................................153 b) Esquema dos Conflitos entre Reinos.................................................................157 c) Tabela Descritiva dos territórios de Neosa........................................................157 d) Close-ups dos desenhos reduzidos no Corpo de Trabalho................................160 7 Glossário B Bíblia de Mundo - coletânea de factos, histórias, imagens, origens de personagens, entre outros; utilizado tanto para resumo como estímulo de criação. D D&D - sigla para Dungeon & Dragons Dungeon & Dragons - traduzido em “Masmorras & Dragões”, Dungeon & Dragons é um jogo de tabuleiro de interpretação de personagens e considerado um dos jogos mais antigos deste género. Por outro lado, o jogo criou um mundo que é transposto em vários settings, livros, revistas, bandas desenhadas,
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