Scarselli, Truppe Coloniali Di Italia E Regno Unito in Africa Orientale

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Scarselli, Truppe Coloniali Di Italia E Regno Unito in Africa Orientale DOTTORATO DI RICERCA IN STUDI STORICI CICLO XXXI COORDINATORE Prof. Rolando Minuti Truppe coloniali di Italia e Regno Unito in Africa Orientale: una comparazione (1924-1939) Settore Scientifico Disciplinare M-STO/04 Dottorando Tutore Dott. Scarselli Aldo Giuseppe Prof. Labanca Nicola _______________________________ _____________________________ (firma) (firma) Coordinatore Prof. Minuti Rolando _______________________________ (firma) Anni 2015 /2018 Indice Ringraziamenti ................................................................................................................ 1 Introduzione. ................................................................................................................... 5 Temi e struttura. ........................................................................................................................................... 6 Contesto Geografico e Cronologico ............................................................................................................. 8 Il dibattito storiografico .............................................................................................................................. 10 Fonti e metodi. ........................................................................................................................................... 13 Capitolo 1: storiografia, contesto storico, storia dei corpi militari........................... 17 1.1 Premessa ............................................................................................................................................... 17 1.1.1 Eserciti coloniali e approcci comparati ............................................................................................. 18 1.1.2 Il caso italiano ................................................................................................................................... 21 1.1.3 L’importanza dell’India e delle Martial Races .................................................................................. 23 1.2. Temi storiografici ................................................................................................................................ 25 1.2.1 Martial Races e reclutamento etnico ................................................................................................. 25 1.2.2 L’impiego operativo .......................................................................................................................... 33 1.2.3 La vita militare: quotidianità e disciplina .......................................................................................... 39 1.3. Il contesto storico: Italia e Gran Bretagna sulle sponde del Corno d’Africa 1924-1939 ..................... 44 1.3.1 Gli anni venti: un decennio di opposti ............................................................................................... 44 1.3.2 Gli anni trenta tra distensione e riarmo. ............................................................................................ 51 1.4. Storia e sviluppo dei corpi militari. ..................................................................................................... 55 1.4.1 I King’s African Rifles e il Somaliland Camel Corps. ...................................................................... 55 1.4.2 La Sudan Defence Force ................................................................................................................... 58 1.4.3 Il Regio Corpo Truppe Coloniali dell’Eritrea.................................................................................... 59 1.4.4 Il Regio Corpo Truppe Coloniali della Somalia ................................................................................ 62 Capitolo 2: il reclutamento indigeno nelle colonie italiane ....................................... 65 2.1 Una premessa sulla documentazione .................................................................................................... 68 2.2 La Colonia degli Ascari: il caso dell’Eritrea. ....................................................................................... 69 2.3 Le truppe della Somalia Italiana fra Africa e Asia ............................................................................. 101 2.4 Le forze coloniali dell’Impero 1936-1940 ......................................................................................... 142 2.5 Ascari da Aden: un military labour market attraverso il Mar Rosso. ................................................. 156 Conclusioni .............................................................................................................................................. 176 Capitolo 3: il reclutamento indigeno nelle colonie britanniche. ............................. 179 3.1 Il 3rd e il 5th battalion del Kenya. ...................................................................................................... 183 3.2 Il 4th battalion dell’Uganda ................................................................................................................ 202 3.3 Il 2nd e il 6th Battalion in Tanganika. ................................................................................................ 212 3.4 Il 1st Battalion del Nyasaland ............................................................................................................. 223 3.5 I K.A.R. e la riorganizzazione degli anni trenta .................................................................................. 228 3.6 Il Somaliland Camel Corps ................................................................................................................. 241 3.7 La Sudan Defence Force ..................................................................................................................... 259 3.8 L’East Africa Britannica alla vigilia della Seconda Guerra Mondiale ................................................ 264 Conclusioni. .............................................................................................................................................. 269 Capitolo 4: ruoli e modalità di impiego coloniale..................................................... 273 4.1 Forze armate o forze di Polizia? Un confronto coloniale.................................................................... 275 4.2 Le truppe indigene e la sorveglianza dei confini. ............................................................................... 286 4.3 Truppe irregolari e controllo territoriale ............................................................................................. 304 4.4 Impieghi non militari delle forze indigene. ......................................................................................... 326 Conclusioni ............................................................................................................................................... 332 Capitolo 5: la disciplina delle truppe indigene. ........................................................ 335 5.1 Loyal soldiers of the Crown : la disciplina degli askari nelle colonie britanniche. .............................. 338 5.2 Disciplina e fedeltà fra le truppe indigene delle colonie italiane. ....................................................... 364 5.3 L’impatto della Guerra d’Etiopia sulla disciplina delle truppe indigene. ........................................... 379 Conclusioni. .............................................................................................................................................. 403 Conclusioni .................................................................................................................. 405 Bibliografia .................................................................................................................. 411 Saggi e articoli a carattere storiografico ................................................................................................... 411 Documentazione, saggi e manuali coevi alla ricerca ................................................................................ 418 Miscellanea ............................................................................................................................................... 420 Filmografia .................................................................................................................. 420 Sitografia ...................................................................................................................... 420 Appendice Documentaria ........................................................................................... 421 Appendice Iconografica .............................................................................................. 431 Ringraziamenti Devo prima di tutto ringraziare il Professor Alessandro Volterra, per l’aiuto impagabile che mi ha offerto, attraverso il Progetto Ascari¸ nella consultazione, comprensione e organizzazione della documentazione archivistica relativa agli ascari eritrei. Senza tale aiuto questo lavoro sarebbe stato assai più complesso e assai meno completo. Voglio ringraziare i miei genitori Alberto e Rosanna, per il supporto materiale ed emotivo che mi hanno offerto in questi tre anni di ricerca e scrittura, e gli amici Erik, Alberto, Lucrezia, Lucia, Matthew, Dominik, Francesco, Claudia e Ugo che mi sono stati accanto incoraggiandomi e consigliandomi. Un grande ringraziamento va a mia sorella Francesca e a Mahad per i loro aiuti, consigli e informazioni riguardo la storia e il sistema clanico della Somalia.
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