DOCSLIB.ORG

The Influence of Climatic Oscillations During the Quaternary Era

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Influence of Climatic Oscillations During the Quaternary Era Heredity (2009) 102, 579–589 & 2009 Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved 0018-067X/09 $32.00 www.nature.com/hdy ORIGINAL ARTICLE The influence of climatic oscillations during the Quaternary Era on the genetic structure of Asian black bears in Japan N Ohnishi1, R Uno2, Y Ishibashi3, HB Tamate4 and T Oi1 1Kansai Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Nagaikyutaro, Kyoto, Japan; 2Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Japan; 3Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Sapporo, Japan and 4Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan The Asian black bear (Ursus thibetanus) inhabits two of the Demographic tests rejected the expansion model in northern main islands, Honshu and Shikoku, in Japan. To determine populations. Haplotypes of the Western and Southern how climatic oscillations during the Quaternary Era affected clusters were unique to local populations. We conclude that the genetic structure of the black bear populations in Japan, the extant genetic structure of the Asian black bear we examined their phylogeographic relationships and com- populations arose as follows: first, populations became small pared their genetic structure. We analysed an approximately and genetic drift decreased genetic diversity in the northern 700-bp sequence in the D-loop region of mitochondrial area during the last glacial period, whereas large continuous DNA collected from 589 bears in this study with 108 bears populations existed in the southern part of central Japan. from a previous study. We observed a total of 57 haplotypes These patterns were essentially maintained until the present and categorized them into three clusters (Eastern, Western time. In western and southern Japan, the effects of climatic and Southern) based on the spatial distribution of the oscillations were smaller, and thus, local structure was haplotypes. All but 2 of the 41 haplotypes in the Eastern maintained. cluster were distributed locally. Genetic diversity was Heredity (2009) 102, 579–589; doi:10.1038/hdy.2009.28; generally low in northern Japan and high in central Japan. published online 25 March 2009 Keywords: female-biased philopatry; glacial periods; land bridge; phylogeography; vegetation shift Introduction phylogenetic studies. Specifically, the genetic diversity of species such as Japanese beech (Fagus crenata; Tomaru Climatic oscillations during the Quaternary Era led to et al., 1998; Fujii et al., 2002), an endemic deciduous shrub shifts in the distribution of animal and plant species. The (Stachyurus praecox; Ohi et al., 2003) and oak species extant species and their distributions are the result of (Quercus spp.; Kanno et al., 2004) is lower in the northern adaptations to specific environments, migration or both part of Honshu than in the southern part due to the factors (Hewitt, 2000). Phylogeographic studies based on founder effect that followed rapid postglacial expansion molecular markers have revealed the relationships of these species. between intraspecific genetic variation and the geo- It is possible that forest mammals shifted their graphic distributions of many plant and animal taxa, distributions according to the changes in vegetation, suggesting that glacial–interglacial oscillations have particularly for vegetation that was crucial for their altered these distributions. During the last glacial period, survival, and this would have affected their genetic broad-leaved trees were retained in refugia in the structure similarly to what occurred in the above- southern part of Honshu, the main island of Japan. In mentioned plant species. For example, Japanese addition, the majority of the area that is currently broad- macaques (Macaca fuscata) exhibit remarkably lower leaved forest was then covered by coniferous forest in variability in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in northern northern Honshu (Tsukada, 1982). It was only after the than in southern Honshu (Kawamoto et al., 2007). This end of the last glacial period that the broad-leaved forest suggests that the macaques rapidly expanded their recovered and spread northward (Tsukada, 1982). The distribution into the northern area during the recovery effects of this shift on the genetic structure of some of the broad-leaved forests after the end of the last glacial broad-leaved tree populations have been revealed by period. Such a rapid expansion is also believed to have occurred in the Japanese giant flying squirrel (Petaurista leucogenys; Oshida et al., 2001). Correspondence. Current address: Dr N Ohnishi, Tohoku Research Center, The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Nabeyashiki, Morioka climatic oscillations during the Quaternary Era on the 020-0123, Japan. E-mail: [email protected] genetic structure of Asian black bear (Ursus thibetanus) Received 17 July 2008; revised 9 February 2009; accepted 18 populations in Japan. This species is a medium-sized February 2009; published online 25 March 2009 black bear that is distributed in southern and eastern Genetic structure of Asian black bears in Japan N Ohnishi et al 580 Asia (Servheen, 1990). The black bear currently inhabits occurred 0.5 and 0.3 My BP (Dobson and Kawamura, two of Japan’s main islands, Honshu and Shikoku 1998). During these glacial periods, the Korean Peninsula (Figure 1b), but it is thought to be extinct on Kyushu was continuous with Kyushu Island; thus, black bears Island (Biodiversity Center of Japan, 2004). The present could cross the Korea–Kyushu land bridge. Following distribution of the black bear is generally continuous this immigration, interglacial and glacial periods oc- from northern to central Honshu, except in the north- curred repeatedly; the last glacial period was between 80 ernmost peninsula, in contrast to the fragmented and and 12 ky BP. small populations that inhabit western Japan. When considering the effect of climatic oscillations on The black bear is thought to have migrated from the the distribution of this species, we should focus on Asian Continent to Japan during the glacial periods that changes in the distribution of the broad-leaved forest, Sakhalin N 140°E Asian continent Hokkaido B A Island Honshu Island Sea of Japan C Korean D Peninsula 38°N 136°E E Kyushu Pacific Island Ocean L H F I 132°E G M K J N Kanto region Lake Biwa 34°N O P Kyushu Yura Kinki region Island River Shikoku Island 0100 200 400 km E03 E22 E01 E04 E23 E02 E34 E09 E05 E24 E07 E35 E10 A E06 E25 E15 E36 E11 E08 E26 CR01 E12 E28 B E16 E31 E27 CR03 E13 A E17 E32 B B E14 A E29 W01 CR06 E18 E33 E30 C C C CR07 E19 E37 CR08 E20 E38 D E21 CR11 D E D F E H H E F H F L G I K I L J J I L J K G G K O O km O km km 0100 200 0100 200 0100 200 Figure 1 Maps of the study area and relevant adjacent regions: (a) altitudes and water depths of the Asian Continent near Japan, Japan and the areas between. The Korean Peninsula, the Sea of Japan, the Pacific Ocean and Sakhalin Island are indicated. (b) Distribution of the Asian black bear (Ursus thibetanus) in Japan (dark shading) and of the populations in this study (light shading). The Yura River, Lake Biwa, and the Kanto and Kinki regions are indicated: K, the eastern part of northern Kinki; L, the western part of northern Kinki; M, eastern Chugoku; N, the western Chugoku populations studied by Ishibashi and Saitoh (2004). (c–e) Points where black bears exhibiting the haplotypes in the A to L populations were captured: W01, E01 to E38 and CR01 to CR11 represent the UtCR-W01, UtCR-E and UtCR haplotypes, respectively. Heredity Genetic structure of Asian black bears in Japan N Ohnishi et al 581 because the black bear prefers these habitats (Hashimoto from the P population (Figure 1b). Tissue, blood and hair et al., 2003). At present, except for the mountainous areas samples were collected from bears that were hunted or that are covered by coniferous forests that were planted captured for pest control between 1991 and 2007. In the P for commercial use, the vegetation in western Japan is population, hairs were collected using hair traps between dominated by evergreen broad-leaved forest, which is 2003 and 2005. One sample of faeces was collected from thought to have replaced deciduous broad-leaved forests the O population in 2006. during glacial periods (Tsukada, 1982). Both forest types As the borders between populations are not known for are suitable for the black bear. Shikoku and Kyushu were the continuous populations east of Lake Biwa, we connected to Honshu, and the area that is currently predefined 10 populations (A–J; Figure 1) using Gene- underwater would also have been covered by deciduous land 2.0.12 (Guillot et al., 2005) with geographical broad-leaved forest during these glacial periods (Tsuka- information (that is, the locations at which individuals da, 1982). Conversely, in eastern Japan, palynological were sampled), as well as haplotype data that were studies of beech species (Minaki, 1996), on which the obtained in this study following the approach of Coulon black bear depends strongly in its present distribution in et al. (2006). northern Honshu (Oka et al., 2004), show that multiple We obtained data for 108 additional bears from refugia were sparsely located along the Pacific Ocean Ishibashi and Saitoh (2004): n ¼ 28 of 32 for the K and the Sea of Japan south of approximately 381N during population, n ¼ 25 of 32 for the L population and all data the last glacial maximum (25–15 ky BP). At approxi- for the M (n ¼ 22) and N (n ¼ 33) populations. The data mately 15 ky BP, beech forests began to expand rapidly from that previous study for the K and L populations towards the north and the interior from these coastal were selected based on the availability of location data refugia.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Program Book
    DVORRUJMDSDQ Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography Meeting Program ASLO Contents Welcome! ..........................................................................................2 Conference Events ........................................................................12 Meeting Sponsors ...........................................................................2 Public Symposium on Global Warming...........................................12 Meeting Supporters .......................................................................2 Opening Welcome Reception.............................................................12 Organizing Committee .................................................................2 ASLO Membership Business Meeting .............................................12 Poster Sessions and Receptions .........................................................12 Co-Chairs ..................................................................................................2 Scientifi c Committee ..............................................................................2 Workshops and Town Hall Meetings ......................................12 Local Organizing Committee ...............................................................2 L&O e-Lectures Town Hall Meeting ................................................12 Advisory Committee ..............................................................................2 Workshop: Th e Future of Ecosystems Science ...............................12 ASLO Student
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Biodiversity in Estuaries Using Environmental DNA Metabarcoding
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.22.997809; this version posted March 25, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 Evaluation of biodiversity in estuaries using environmental DNA metabarcoding 2 (Short title: Biodiversity of five estuaries) 3 4 5 Hyojin Ahn1,2*, Manabu Kume1, Yuki Terashima1, Feng Ye1,3, Satoshi Kameyama3, Masaki 6 Miya4, Yoh Yamashita1, Akihide Kasai2 7 8 9 1Connectivity of Hills, Humans and Oceans Unit, Kyoto University, Oiwake, 10 Kitashirakawa, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan 11 2Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Minatocho, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 12 Japan 13 3Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem, National Institute for Environmental 14 Studies, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan 15 4Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, National History Museum and 16 Institute, Aobacho, Chuo, Chiba, Japan 17 18 19 *Corresponding author 20 E-mail: [email protected] 21 22 23 24 25 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.22.997809; this version posted March 25, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 26 Funding 27 This study was conducted under the Link Again Program, part of Connectivity of Hills, 28 Humans and Oceans, funded by the Nippon Foundation, attained by YY. The funder had no 29 role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the 30 manuscript.
    [Show full text]
  • Nature Conservation Bureau, Ministry of the Environment Peninsula Offers Scenic Mountains, Seashores, and Lake Inawashiro Is Beautiful
    ⑮ Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park ⑨ Bandai-Asahi National Park SOY A S TRAIT ① Rishiri-Rebun-Sarobetsu National Park REBUN Is. Designation: 1936/02/01 Designation: 1950/09/05 T SOYA B. Designation: 1974/09/20 RAIT Area: 121,695 ha Area: 186,389 ha Area: 24,166 ha RISHIRI Is. STRAI Mt.Rishiri This is the northernmost national park in Japan. Mt. Fuji, a World Cultural Heritage site inscribed in This park is composed of many mountains. Mt. ⑧ IRI National Parks of Japan Sanriku Fukko (reconstruction) National Park REBUN ST H Dewa-Sanzan is famous for mountain worship, Mt. Mt. Rishiri soars majestically above the sea. June 2013, rises high in a vast stretch of forests RIS Designation: 1955/05/02 1721 and several lakes. The Hakone area features Asahi, Mt. Iide and Mt. Bandai are also located ①RISHIRI-REBUN-Mt.Horoshiri Rebun Island has many alpine plants such as several volcanoes, volcanic vents and lakes. Izu within the park boundaries. The view of Urabandai Area:28,537 ha Rebunsou (Oxytropis megalantha). Sarobetsu Nature Conservation Bureau, Ministry of the Environment Peninsula offers scenic mountains, seashores, and Lake Inawashiro is beautiful. This park is sur- This park extends for 250 km from Kabushima in SAROBETSU N.P.427 Tonbatsu Riv. Plain, abundant in marsh plants, and and a chain of characteristic islands in the ocean, rounded by mountains, forests and a lot of lakes. Aomori prefecture to Oshika Peninsula in Miyagi Wakasakanai' s dunes contribute to the exciting Teshio Riv. Izu-shichito. Antelopes and black bears live in this park. prefecture.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix (PDF:4.3MB)
    APPENDIX TABLE OF CONTENTS: APPENDIX 1. Overview of Japan’s National Land Fig. A-1 Worldwide Hypocenter Distribution (for Magnitude 6 and Higher Earthquakes) and Plate Boundaries ..................................................................................................... 1 Fig. A-2 Distribution of Volcanoes Worldwide ............................................................................ 1 Fig. A-3 Subduction Zone Earthquake Areas and Major Active Faults in Japan .......................... 2 Fig. A-4 Distribution of Active Volcanoes in Japan ...................................................................... 4 2. Disasters in Japan Fig. A-5 Major Earthquake Damage in Japan (Since the Meiji Period) ....................................... 5 Fig. A-6 Major Natural Disasters in Japan Since 1945 ................................................................. 6 Fig. A-7 Number of Fatalities and Missing Persons Due to Natural Disasters ............................. 8 Fig. A-8 Breakdown of the Number of Fatalities and Missing Persons Due to Natural Disasters ......................................................................................................................... 9 Fig. A-9 Recent Major Natural Disasters (Since the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake) ............ 10 Fig. A-10 Establishment of Extreme Disaster Management Headquarters and Major Disaster Management Headquarters ........................................................................... 21 Fig. A-11 Dispatchment of Government Investigation Teams (Since
    [Show full text]
  • Uraninite and Thorite Ages of Around 400 Granitoids in the Japanese Islands
    国立科博専報，(51), pp. 1–24 , 2016 年 3 月 28 日 Mem. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, (51), pp. 1–24, March 28, 2016 Uraninite and Thorite Ages of Around 400 Granitoids in the Japanese Islands Kazumi Yokoyama1*, Masako Shigeoka1, Yukiko Otomo2, Kouta Tokuno3 and Yukiyasu Tsutsumi1 1 Department of Geology and Paleontology, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4–1–1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–0005, Japan 2 Faculty of Education, Art and Science, Yamagata University, 1–4–12 Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata-shi, Yamagata 990–8560, Japan 3 Earth and Planetary Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishiku, Fukuoka 819–0395, Japan * E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. Systematic dating of around 400 granitoids in the Japanese Islands have been made on the basis of total UO2, ThO2 and PbO contents of uraninite and anhydrous thorite using an electron microprobe analyzer (EPMA) at the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo. The ages range from ca. 5 Ma to 300 Ma. From the granitoid ages, the Japanese Islands were divided into many terranes. In northern Japan, granitoids with ages of approximately 110–120 Ma occur in the Kitakami Mountains, southwest Hokkaido and eastern Abukuma Mountains, and granitoids with ages of approximately 100–110 Ma occur at the western Abukuma Mountains and its northern extension. The granitoids that are around 90–100 Ma old occur sporadically in the Japanese Islands: mainly in the Asahi Mountains, the Nikko area, northern Shikoku and northern Kyushu. In central and northern Japan, the younger Cretaceous granitoids, partly Paleogene, with an age of around 65 Ma occur along the western part of the Asahi Mountains and Tsukuba–Nikkou area.
    [Show full text]
  • Dam/Barrage Year /Anne E River /Riviere City/Ville St/Et/ Pr/Dpt Type
    Year Found Hight Vol Area Length Catc SpillCap/ River St/Et/ Type Leng Purp Type Sp Dam/barrage /Anne City/Ville /Fondatio /Haut /Vol Capacit. /Sur /Long /Bvers. E Owner/Proprie Engine/Bur.d'et Contractor/Entr /Riviere Pr/Dpt /Type /Long m /Buts /Typ Eva e n en m 103m3 103m2 km Km2 m3/s ICHIBANIKE 400 Ishite Matsuyama Ehime TE R 15 180 50 140 I 0 N Higashino Irrigation Assoc. Kagoshim Mitsumata Land SUMIYOSHIIKE 400 Beppu Gamo a TE R 20 60 14 230 I 0 N Improvement Assoc. KAERUMATAIKE 607 Yodo Nara Nara TE R 17 260 159 485 I 0 N Nara City SAYAMAIKE 616 Yamato Tondabayashi Osaka TE R 19 997 605 2800 I 18 0 N Osaka Prefecture (Obayashi-Gumi Co.) FUROTANIIKE 900 Kino Hashimoto Wakayam TE R 18 100 26 100 I 0 N Furotaniike Irrigation Wakayam Kumamichiike Irrigation KUMAMICHIIKE 900 Kino Hashimoto a TE R 18 32 5 9 I 0 N Assoc. MINENOIKE 900 Kino Hashimoto Wakayam TE R 16 45 7 15 I 0 N Minenoike Irrigation Assoc. Shido Land Improvement NAGAYUKIIKE 1000 Ohashi Takamatsu Kagawa TE R 20 171 87 483 I 0 N Assoc. Tatsuno Land DAIMONIKE 1128 Daimon Nara Nara TE X 20 78 105 98 10 I 0 N Improvement Assoc. SHINTARO 1260 Hido Ueno Mie TE 19 150 73 35 I Private Dam MARUYAMA(YAMAGU Yamaguch Maruyama Users'. CHI) 1346 Ara Ube i TE R 18 46 24 120 I 0 N Ube City Group OIKE 1360 Kino Hashimoto Wakayam TE R 18 80 30 200 I 0 N Oike Irrigation Assoc.
    [Show full text]
  • Role of Experts and Public Participation in Pollution Control: the Case of Itai-Itai Disease in Japan1
    Vol. 12: 99–111, 2012 ETHICS IN SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLITICS Published online July 6 doi: 10.3354/esep00126 Ethics Sci Environ Polit Contribution to the Theme Section ‘Ethical imperatives of dialogue for public engagement in technoscience’ Role of experts and public participation in pollution control: the case of Itai-itai disease in Japan1 Masanori Kaji Graduate School of Decision Science and Technology, Group of History of Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, W9-79, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan ABSTRACT: Itai-itai disease was first noticed in the Junzu River basin region in Toyama prefec- ture in central Japan around the 1930s. However, it was not identified as a cadmium poisoning dis- ease until the 1960s. A local physician, with cooperation from outside experts, confirmed that the disease was caused by pollution from the Kamioka mine (owned by the Mitsui Mining & Smelting Company Ltd) located in the upstream region of the river. In the mid-1960s, the victims of Itai-itai disease filed a suit against the company and won their case in 1972. The victims received compen- sation and signed a pollution control agreement with the company. The case of Itai-itai disease is a rare example of successful pollution control in Japan: the annual inspections of the ensuing 40 yr, based on the pollution control agreement, show a reduction of cadmium concentrations in the river to natural levels. By analyzing the roles of various experts involved, this case study has con- tributed substantially to an understanding of the nature of expertise and the significance of public participation in the resolution of environmental problems.
    [Show full text]
  • Report of the Long Term National Acid Deposition Monitoring in Japan (JFY2003-2007)
    Report of the Long Term National Acid Deposition Monitoring in Japan (JFY2003-2007) MARCH 2009 Ministry of the Environment Government of Japan 1 Ogasawara acid deposition monitoring site Samplers (Tokyo site) Soil sampling (Hakusan, Ishikawa) In-land water sampling (Nagatomi-ike, Kagawa) Sampling of river water flow in Ijira Lake Throughfall sampling at Ijira (Koubora gawa) 2 Yellow sand from continent Volcanic fumes from Asama Mt. (18 Apr. 2006) (16 Sep. 2004) Pictures by MODIS mounted in Terra and Aqua earth observation satellite of NASA (Provided from Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) Nitrogen annual deposition quantity distribution (2002) (Uno, et al., 2007) Distribution of NO2 concentration in the troposphere in East Asia by GOME The upper figure shows the average concentration in January 1996 and the lower in January 2002. The grey parts show no data.（Japan Agency for Marine-Earth and Technology, 2005） 3 The simulation results of the transboundary pollution of ozone in East Asia (7 – 9 May 2007) (Ohara, et al., 2008) The distribution of seasonal global ozone by satellite observation (Fishman.J, et al., 1997) 4 5 INTRODUCTION About acid deposition, acidification of lakes and forest damage became a diplomatic issue in Europe in the 1960s, and wet acidic air pollution became a problem in Japan in the 1970s. Therefore, the Ministry of the Environment (former Environment Agency) began the acid deposition survey from Japanese Fiscal Year (JFY) 1983 to comprehend the condition and influence of acid deposition in Japan with the aim of preventing harmful influence from acid deposition. Also, in order to maintain the acid deposition monitorihng in wide-area for long term, “The long term monitoring plan of acid deposition” was formulated on March 2002.
    [Show full text]
  • LONE STAR of the NORTH: the Northern Alliance Reconsidered
    LONE STAR OF THE NORTH: The Northern Alliance Reconsidered by Armen Mihran Bakalian Bachelor of Arts, Ursinus College, 2007 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The College of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment Of the requirements for the degree of Interdisciplinary Master of Arts (IDMA) in East Asian Studies University of Pittsburgh 2011 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES This thesis was presented by Armen Mihran Bakalian It was defended on April 18, 2011 and approved by Martha Chaiklin, Professor, History William Crawford, Professor, East Asian Languages and Literatures Richard Smethurst, Professor, History ii Copyright © by Armen Bakalian 2011 iii LONE STAR OF THE NORTH: THE NORTHERN ALLIANCE RECONSIDERED Armen M. Bakalian, MA University of Pittsburgh, 2011 Contrary to popular assumption, the transitional period from the late Edo into the early Meiji period was anything but bloodless. A civil war, known as the Boshin War, ran for over a year from 1868 to 1869, and it pitted the troops of the new Meiji government against a number of adversaries, not all of whom were fighting for the same objectives. This thesis examines in detail the history of the Northern Alliance, the circumstances of its formation, its aims, and its composition. It further analyzes the terminology used by the victors in their writings about the war. Finally, this thesis proposes a radical reinterpretation of our understanding of the Boshin War, and of the Meiji Restoration as a whole. iv Acknowledgements In Pittsburgh: Dr. Richard Smethurst, Dr. Martha Chaiklin, Dr. William Crawford, Dr. Brenda Jordan, Dr. Debra Cashion, Hiro Good, Zou Xiuying, Kobayashi Sachie, Tsukuda Kenzaburō, Alec Balian, Christy Czerwien, Jim Hommes, Amanda Robinson, Sam Zavaletta, Sarah Guest, Brian Portzer, and Barb Bzdziak.
    [Show full text]
  • Late Quaternary Geomorphology of the Tonami Plain and Activity of the Tonami-Heiya Fault Zone, Toyama Prefecture, Central Japan
    International Journal of Geosciences, 2016, 7, 962-976 Published Online July 2016 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/ijg http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ijg.2016.77073 Late Quaternary Geomorphology of the Tonami Plain and Activity of the Tonami-Heiya Fault Zone, Toyama Prefecture, Central Japan Toshio Kamishima*, Akira Takeuchi Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan Received 18 March 2016; accepted 23 July 2016; published 26 July 2016 Copyright © 2016 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Abstract The Holocene alluvial fans and flood plains formed by the Sho and Oyabe Rivers spread out in the Tonami plain from the central through the northern parts in the Toyama Prefecture, central Japan. Along the foot of the surrounding mountains and hills, higher, middle and lower terraces of late Pleistocene-Holocene in age are distributed. These terraces have been displaced, by the reverse dip-slip activities of Tonami-heiya fault zone in a sense of upheaval in the mountains side, even during the Holocene time. We examined stratigraphic cross section utilizing borehole data and geomorphologically analyzed 5 m-DEM data in order to elucidate the fault trace of the Isurugi fault which Tonami-heiya fault zone. As the results, the northern segment of Isurugi fault seems to run along the northeastern foot of Hodatsu Hills and extends underground through the lower-most Oyabe River into the Toyama Bay. Consequently, its total length reaches about 30 km.
    [Show full text]
  • Biological Indicators, Habitat Classification and Its Assessment
    Studies on Spring Conservation: Biological Indicators, Habitat Title Classification and its Assessment( Dissertation_全文 ) Author(s) Sun, Ye Citation 京都大学 Issue Date 2020-03-23 URL https://doi.org/10.14989/doctor.k22610 Right Type Thesis or Dissertation Textversion ETD Kyoto University Studies on Spring Conservation: Biological Indicators, Habitat Classification and its Assessment 湧水保全に関する研究 ー生物指標種、生息地分類及びアセスメントー （正確に記入すること。論文タイトルの和訳または英訳を付記しない。） 孫 燁 【資料 3】申請者 【内表紙】 博士（総合学術） Studies on Spring Conservation: Biological Indicators, Habitat Classification and its Assessment 湧水保全に関する研究 ー生物指標種、生息地分類及びアセスメントー 孫 燁 京都大学大学院 総合生存学館 2020 年 3 月 CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ...................................................................................................... 1 ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................... 3 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 5 i. Springs in the Landscape..................................................................................................... 5 (1) Biodiversity Values of Springs ..................................................................................... 6 (2) Social and Cultural Values of Springs .......................................................................... 7 ii. Challenges to Springs ......................................................................................................... 8 (1) Spring Degradation
    [Show full text]
  • GBR8 Programme
    SECOND CIRCULAR GBR8, JAPAN 14-18 September, 2015 VENUE AND DATES The organizing committee is delighted and honored to invite you to the 8th Int'l Gravel Bed Rivers Workshop - GBR8, which will take place during 14-18 September 2015; first in Kyoto and thereafter in Takayama, a small and old city close to the Japanese Alps located 200 km west of Tokyo. The venues for the meeting are the Uji Campus, Kyoto University (http://www.uji.kyoto-u.ac.jp/english/access_e.html ), and the Hotel Associa Takayama Resort (http://www.associa.com/english/tky/). Map of the Venues workshop venues field trip sites 1 WORKSHOP TITLE "Gravel Bed Rivers and Disasters" In keeping with previous experience, session topics will cover a wide area, only few directly relevant to the workshop sub-theme of disasters. We have chosen this theme not merely because Japanese gravel bed rivers experience many and frequent disasters, nor because other countries have them, but also because the Kyoto University Disaster Prevention Research Institute will be hosting the workshop at the Uji Campus and at its Hodaka Research Station, together with the Laboratory for Erosion Control, Kyoto University. ORGANISING, ADVISORY AND NATIONAL COMMITTEES Local Organizing Committee Masaharu Fujita (DPRI, Kyoto Univ.); Jonathan Laronne (Ben Gurion Univ. of the Negev); Shusuke Miyata (DPRI, Kyoto Univ.); Takahisa Mizuyama (Kyoto Univ.); Yoshifumi Satofuka (Ritsumeikan Univ.); Hiroshi Takebayashi (DPRI, Kyoto Univ.); Daizo Tsutsumi (DPRI, Kyoto Univ.) Scientific Advisory Committee Jochen Aberle (Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim); Peter Ashmore (Western University, Ontario); James Brasington (Queen Mary University of London); Shinji Egashira (ICHARM-UNESCO, Tsukuba); Philippe Frey (IRSTEA, National Research Institute of Science and Technology for Environment and Agriculture, Grenoble); Chris Paola (University of Minnesota, St.
    [Show full text]