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Visions Cannot Be Neglected – Compilation of General Pēteris Radziņš Writings

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Visions Cannot Be Neglected – Compilation of General Pēteris Radziņš Writings hen reading, studying and researching the works of General WRadziņš, one must take into account what the General said about the importance of understanding the history of war when planning the WRITINGS RADZIŅŠ PĒTERIS GENERAL OF COMPILATION development of modern armed forces: “Every educated leader in war must thoroughly study the history of both war and politics because it is an expected part of their knowledge, their specialty, and their peacetime preparation work.” VISIONS CANNOT BE NEGLECTED – BE NEGLECTED VISIONS CANNOT VISIONS CANNOT BE NEGLECTED Every new war brings new surprises. These surprises cannot be overcome by formations or stagnant tactical techniques; an army will only be able – COMPILATION OF GENERAL to overcome these surprises if it is trained in the real art of war, not according to rigid techniques and templates. This true art of war must PĒTERIS RADZIŅŠ WRITINGS be learned from the history of war, but not only from one’s own history because the conditions of war that once existed will not repeat a second time: something completely different will be faced in every new situation. The ideas of great leaders in war are simple in their genius, yet extremely diffi cult to apply. The greater a soldier’s talent – the closer he or she stands to this genius – the better and easier it will be for him or her to employ the ideas generated by these great leaders in war. Those of lesser talent, who are unable to fully comprehend and interpret an idea’s deeper meaning, are limited to applying only outer constructs, i.e. they follow not ideas but forms. The more that form is stressed over concept and function, the less effective becomes the art of war – for every form is destined to become outdated. For an army, the strict copying of previous forms is one of the most dangerous things that can happen, or more precisely, one of the most dangerous actions that a practitioner of war can undertake – because it will undoubtedly lead to defeat. The General Pēteris Radziņš Association ISBN 978-9949-7259-6-0 9 789949 725960 Compiled and Edited by Art Johanson BALTIC DEFENCE COLLEGE VISIONS CANNOT BE NEGLECTED – COMPILATION OF GENERAL PĒTERIS RADZIŅŠ WRITINGS Foreword by Major General Andis Dilāns Editor: Art Johanson TARTU 2020 Visions Cannot be Neglected - Compilation of General Pēteris Radziņš writings Editor: Art Johanson, the Baltic Defence College Reviewer: Valdis Kuzmins, the Latvian National Defence Academy Cover page: Hermo Sakk Printed by: Vali Press ISBN: Hard Cover 978-9949-7259-6-0 Online (PDF) 978-9949-7259-7-7 EDITOR’S NOTE There are many publications available on military leadership and history and therefore we always have a justified question: how the field is covered and researched? The availability of publications covering Baltic region military history and leadership in English is of great significance for the Baltic Defence College because all the studies and research are done in the English language. Therefore, it is clearly visible which parts of the histories of the three Baltic nations are more complete and which parts are lacking sufficient coverage in English. This book tries to fill this gap from the perspective of Latvian military leadership during the World War I and the 1920’s. General Pēteris Radziņš was a fruitful thinker and writer during his active service. He managed to cover the most important aspects of military affairs in writings during his considerably short lifetime. Those writings give a splendid overview about the events and notions during his active service; and to some extent, the leadership lessons are valid even today. I encourage anyone interested in military history to read it, and certainly military leaders who can draw empirical knowledge from the book. This book was possible thanks to all those who supported the translation and publication of works on military history at the Baltic Defence College in English. I hope that this project will provide sustainable continued translation of Baltic military history literature into English. Art Johanson Lecturer in Military History and Strategic Planning, Baltic Defence College 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Editor would like to express sincere gratitude to all the contributors who helped with the contents and the illustrations for the book. The idea to publish different military history and leadership related books into English owes a lot to the Baltic Defence College management who helped start this significant project. Especially it is important to mention Major General Andis Dilāns, Colonel (ret) Dr Zdzisław Śliwa, Capt. N (ret.) Juris Roze and Dr Asta Maskaliunaite, who provided precious insights and proposed solutions. Book illustrations and General Radziņš biography were generously provided by Major Agris Purviņš from the General Pēteris Radziņš Association. Special gratitude is due to Mr. Valdis Kuzmins, a researcher at the Latvian National Defence Academy’s Centre for Security and Strategic Research, for review of the historical data to ensure the accuracy of terminology, names and locations. We would also like to thank our institutional partners, who provided invaluable help on materials and editing: the General Pēteris Radziņš Association, Vali Press Publishing House, Jumava Publishing House and Luisa Translation Agency. Thank you for taking the time for completing the book. 4 Table of Contents Editor’s Note ......................................................................................................................3 Acknowledgements ..........................................................................................................4 Foreword - Do We Know Our Heroes? .........................................................................7 What Makes General Radziņš Great? ................................................................9 Biography .........................................................................................................................14 The Military Commander ..............................................................................................24 The Military Commander and the Masses .......................................................24 The Military Commander and Politics .............................................................28 The Military Commander and the Army .........................................................35 A Military Leader in War ...............................................................................................53 A Military Leader in Battle ............................................................................................65 Memories of the World War ..........................................................................................80 Strategic Problems After the Experiences of the World War ......................144 War as a Phenomenon of Human Life ...........................................................147 The Special Characteristics of Today’s Wars .................................................149 Basic Principles of Warfare Today ..................................................................152 The Main Methods of Waging War.................................................................157 The Attack ― Offense ........................................................................................158 Selected General Radziņš Papers Published in Military Journals .........................162 The Military Situation in Latvia ..................................................................................162 About War and Peace ..................................................................................................168 War .......................................................................................................................170 The Moral Significance of War ....................................................................................173 Peace on Earth ...............................................................................................................193 Eternal Neutrality and the Army ................................................................................197 Sovereignty and Unity .................................................................................................200 Do Small Countries Need a Military? ........................................................................205 Training the Military and Battles ................................................................................209 Propaganda and Spying in the Military ....................................................................213 Propaganda as a War Resource...................................................................................218 Techniques and The Art of War ..................................................................................221 Officer and Soldier ........................................................................................................228 The Duties of an Officer ...............................................................................................230 On General Staff ............................................................................................................235 Moral Bolstering of The Army and the People .........................................................240 The Importance of Moral Strength in a War .............................................................244 The Natural and Necessary Urges of People and the Significance of These Urges During Wartime .................................................................................247
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