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FIG. 716.—LIGYDA EXOTICA (AFTER Roux)

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676 BULLETIN 54, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. The basal article of the uropoda is 3 mm. in length. The branehi are subequal and are 5 mm long L'he legs are all ambulator} . The first pair is not furnished with a pi at the distal of the propodus. The clactylus is bi-unguiculate the female th d antennae extend only to the poster margin of the seventh thoracic segment LIGYDA EXOTICA (Roux). Ligia exotica Roux, Crust. Medit, 1828, p. 3, pi. xm, tig. 9. Ligia grandis PERTY, Delectus animalium articulatorum, etc., 1830-1834, p. 212, pi. XL, fig. 13. Ligia gaudickaudii MILNE EDWARDS, Hist. Nat. Crust., Ill, 1840, p. 157. Ligia (Italica) coriacea KOCH, Deutschlands Crust., 1835-1844, p. 36. Ligia gaudichaudii DANA, U. S. Expl. Exp., Crust., XIV, 1853, p. 741, pi. XLIX, figs. 6a-h.—NICOLET, in Gay, Hist. Chile, III, 1849, p. 265. Ligia exotica BUDDE-LUND, Crust. Isop. Terrestria, 1885, pp. 266-268.—DOLLFCS, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, XVIII, 1893, p. 189.—RICHARDSON, Proc. U. S. Xat. Mus., XXI, 1899, p. 866; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), IV, 1899, p. 335; American Naturalist, XXXIV, 1900, p. 306; Proc. IL S. Nat. Mus., XXIII, 1901, p. 575. Localities.—California; Topolobampo, Mexico; Cedar Keys, Florida; Lake Harley, Florida; Fort Macon, North Carolina; Mazatlan, Mexico; Florida Ke}Ts; New Providence, Baha- mas; Beaufort, North Carolina i Key West, Pine Ke}^ Florida i rt Tampa ? Florida; Panama; Charleston, South Carolina; Antigua, West Indies; Chusan; Macao:; Bahia, Brazil; Puntarenas; Mad- ras; Manila; Luzon; Singapore0 x t; Mas- s ilia; Espiritu-Santo, Balandra Bay, near Point Diablo;3 Chili; He Ronde; Mahe; Tientsin, China; Guadalupe Island : Mi- saki Sagami, Japan; To ky o Japan; 9 * Honolulu, Hawaii. Found on piles at wharf; along the docks. Called " sea monkeys" in Florida. Very numerous FIG. 716.—LIGYDA EXOTICA (AFTER Roux). among rocks. Body oblong-ovate, a little more than twice as long as wide, 14 mm.:: 30 mm. Length of uropoda from tip of terminal segment of body equal to 18 mm. Length of bod}T with uropoda equal to 48 mm. Surface covered with minute granules. Head twice as wide as long, 3 mm. : 7 mm. Anterior margin regu­ larly rounded. Eyes large, round, composite, and placed at the extreme lateral margins. The first pair of antenna} are inconspicuous and rudimentary; they are composed of two subequal articles and a minute terminal one; they extend to the end of the basal article of the ISOPODS OF NORTH AMERICA. 677 second pair of antenna^. The first and second articles of the second pair of antenna? are about equal in length; the third article is about one and a half times longer than the second; the fourth is three times longer than the third; the fifth is one and a half times longer than the fourth. The flngellum is composed of fifty-five articles. When retracted, the second antenna1 ex­ tend to the end, or a little beyond the end, of the peduncle or basal article of the uropoda. The max- illipeds have a palp of five articles. The segments of the thorax are subequal. The epimera are broad plates occupying the entire lat­ eral margins of the segments, but not distinctl}7 separated off from the dorsal portion of the seg­ ment, only a faint line, almost inconspicuous, indi­ cates the place where the coalescence has taken place. The lateral parts of the last three segments FIG. 717. -LlGYDA EX- OTICA. MAXILUPED. extend downward. X15J. The abdomen is not narrower than the thorax, the third segment being as wide as the seventh thoracic segment. The lateral parts of the first two segments are not developed. There is a gradual increase in the length of the seg­ ments from the first to the fifth. The lateral parts of the third, fourth, and fifth segments are not distinct from the dorsal portion of the segment. The sixth or ter­ minal segment has the middle part of the posterior extremity produced triangularly in an obtuse point. The post-lateral angles are very acute and long, extending as far as the apex of the middle portion. Be­ tween the lateral angles and the middle portion of the segment, but near the lat­ eral angle, are two small triangular pro­ cesses. The basal article of the uropoda is 6 mm. in length from the apex of the terminal abdominal segment. The branches are of equal Jength and twice FIG. 718.—LIGYDA EXOTICA, O, TER­ as long as the peduncle, being 12 mm. MINAL JOINTS OF FIRST LEG. X 11?. The inner branch is furnished with a small bt FIRST LEG. X lljj. bristle about half a mm. long. The legs are all ambulatory. In the male the first pair has the pro- podus furnished near its distal end with a small lateral process. This process is wanting on the first pair of legs in the female. 678 BULLETIN 54, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. LIGYDA BAUDINIANA (Milne Edwards). IAgia baudiniana MILNE EDWARDS, Hist. Nat. Crust., Ill, 1840, pp. 155-156. ? IAgia baudkma SPENCE BATE, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), I, 1868. pp. 443-446. ?IAgia baudiniana SAUSSURE, M6m. Soc. Physique et d'Hist. Nat. de Geneve, XIV, 1858, pp. 443-446. IAgia exotica DOLLFUS, Bull. Soc. d'Etudes Scientifiques de Paris, 12th year, 1890, p. 7. IAgia exotica hirtitarsis DOLLFUS, Bull. Soc. d' Etudes Scientifiques de Paris, 12th year, 1890, p. 7. IAgia baudiana IVES, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1891, pp. 185-186, pl.Ti, fig. 2. IAgia hi'rtitarm DAHL, Plankton-Expedition, 1892, pp. 111-112, pi. in. IAgia baudiniana RICHARDSON, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXIII, 1901, pp. 574-575. IAgia gracilis MOORE, Report U. S. Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries, XX, Pt. 2, 1902, p. 175, pi. xi, figs. 7-12. IAgia baudiniana RICHARDSON, Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci., XI, 1902, pp. 306-308, pi. XL, fig. 61. Localities.—Hamilton Island, Bermudas; Saint Jean d'Ulloa, Alex- ico; Yucatan; Rio Janeiro; Cuba; Cayenne; Miami, Florida; Jamaica; FIG. 719.—LIGYDA BAUDINIANA (AFTER DAHL). a, UROPOD. 6, GENERAL FIGURE, C, FIRST LEG OF MALE, d, MANDIBLE, e, FIRST MAXILLA. Culebra, Porto Rico; the Bahamas. Found under algae and drift along shore (Moore). Body oblong-ovate, nearly two and a half times longer than jvide, ISOPODS OF NORTH AMERICA. 679 10 mm.:23 mm. Uropoda 10£ mm. long, a little less than half the length of the bod3r. Bod}r, with uropoda, 33i mm. The head is twice as wide as long, 2£ mm.:5 mm., with the anterior margin widely rounded. The eyes are narrow elongate, about twice as wide as long, and separated in front by a distance equal to the length of one e3Te, 2 mm. The first pair of antennre are small and inconspicuous. The second pair have the first FIG. 722.—LIGYDA BAU- DINIANA {AFTER FIG. 720.—LIGYDA BAUDINIANA FIG. 721.—LIGYDA BAUDINIANA. DAHL). MAXILLIPED. (AFTER IVES), X 2|. FIRST LEG OF MALE. • llg. X 24| two articles short and subequal; the third article is as long as the first two taken together; the fourth is 3 mm. long, or twice as long as the third; the fifth is 4£ mm. long, or one and a half times longer than the fourth. The flagellum is composed of thirty-eight articles, and extends to the posterior margin of the seventh' thoracic segment. The maxilliped has a palp of five articles. The segments of the thorax are subequal, with lateral margins straight. The epimera are coalesced with the segments, faint depressed lines indicating the place of union. All six segments of the abdomen are distinct; the first two are some­ what shorter than the three following, and have the lateral parts cov­ ered by the seventh thoracic segment. The third, fourth, and fifth segments gradually increase in length, and have the post-lateral angles produced backward in long acute processes. The sixth or terminal segment has the posterior margin triangularly produced in the middle in a very obtuse point, with two small triangular points just within the lateral angles, which are short and not much produced. The peduncle of the uropoda is 4 mm. long, the branches 6£ mm. long, and of equal length. 680 BULLETIN 54, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. The first pair of legs in the male has a fringe or comb of stiff hairs or bristles along the entire length of the carpus and merus. FIG. 723.—LIGYDA BACDINIANA (AFTER MOORE), a, SECOND A: NNA OF FEMALE. 6, FEMALE. ct FIRST LEG OF FEMALE. All the legs are ambulatory, with bi-unguiculate dactyli. The surface of the thorax is covered with small granules. 1S0P0DS OF NORTH AMERICA. 681 LIGYDA OCCIDENTALS (Dana). Light occulentalis DANA, U. S. Expl. Exp., CniHt., XIV, 1853, p. 742, pi. XLIX, 1854-55 STIMPSON, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., VI, 1857, p. 506.—HARFORD, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., VII, 1877, p. 116.—BCDDE-LUND, Crust. Isop. Terrestria, 1885, p. 264.—UNDER- AVOOD, Bull. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., II, 1886, p. 360.—RICHARDSON, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXI, 1899, p. 866; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), IV, 1899, p. 334; American Naturalist, XXXIV, 1900, p. 306; Harriman Alaska Exp., Crust., X, 1904, p. 226; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXVII, 1904, p. 670. Localities.—California; San Francisco Bay; San Diego; Santa Cruz Island, California; Sacra­ mento River; Monterey Bay; St. Marguerita Island, Lower California; Sausa- lito, California; San Barto- lome Bay, Lower Califor­ nia; Farallones, California (J. Lindahl); San Jose Is­ land, Gulf of California. Body oblong-ovate, a lit­ tle more than twice as long as broad, 12 mm.
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    Relationships between Organic Carbon and Fodichnia Morphology TYLER E. HAUCK Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, 1-26 Earth Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2E3, Email: [email protected] SHAHIN E. DASHTGARD Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, 1-26 Earth Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2E3 MURRAY K. GINGRAS Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, 1-26 Earth Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2E3 RRH: RESOURCE DISTRIBUTION CONTROLS ON FODICHNIA MORPHOLOGY LRH: HAUCK ET AL. Keywords: Organic carbon, Chiridotea caeca, Pascichnia, Intertidal, Neoichnology, Bioturbation 1 ABSTRACT Grazing trackways of the Valviferan isopod Chiridotea caeca are examined to establish relationships between trackway complexity and morphology, and the distribution of food (organic carbon). These isopods burrow up to 1 cm beneath the surface within ripple troughs and plane-bedded sand of the upper intertidal zone. The burrows are grouped into three forms based on trackway complexity and the degree of looping and trackway crossover in planview. Sediment samples taken directly from the furrows of the trails are used to establish the total organic-carbon content associated with each type of burrow morphology. There is an increase in organic-carbon content from burrows of low complexity (linear), to burrows of high complexity (convolute with many crossovers), suggesting that benthic food content directly influences the behavior of C. caeca, which is manifest in the trackway morphology. Detailed study of trackway architecture further reveals a relationship between C. caeca and food content leading to the recognition of three grazing styles, which are directly associated with the plan-view morphology of the trackway.
  • Aquatic Nuisance Species Management Plan

    Aquatic Nuisance Species Management Plan

    NORTH CAROLINA ria ut N e Mystery er Prim es S Wat ros in na e Ch il Aquatic ish F on Nuisance Li rn Sna Species Nor the kehead Marbled Cray fish Hydrill a h Spo fis tted Jelly MANAGEMENT PLAN NORTH CAROLINA AQUATIC NUISANCE SPECIES MANAGEMENT PLAN Prepared by the NC Aquatic Nuisance Species Management Plan Committee October 1, 2015 Approved by: Steve Troxler, Commissioner North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Donald R. van der Vaart, Secretary North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality Gordon Myers, Executive Director North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements Executive Summary I. Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................1 The difference between Aquatic Invasive Species (AIS) and Aquatic Nuisance Species (ANS) ................................................................5 Plan Purpose, Scope and Development ............................................................................................................................................................................. 5 Aquatic Invasive Species Vectors and Impacts ............................................................................................................................................................... 6 Interactions with Other Plan ................................................................................................................................................................................................
  • Biodiversity from Caves and Other Subterranean Habitats of Georgia, USA

    Biodiversity from Caves and Other Subterranean Habitats of Georgia, USA

    Kirk S. Zigler, Matthew L. Niemiller, Charles D.R. Stephen, Breanne N. Ayala, Marc A. Milne, Nicholas S. Gladstone, Annette S. Engel, John B. Jensen, Carlos D. Camp, James C. Ozier, and Alan Cressler. Biodiversity from caves and other subterranean habitats of Georgia, USA. Journal of Cave and Karst Studies, v. 82, no. 2, p. 125-167. DOI:10.4311/2019LSC0125 BIODIVERSITY FROM CAVES AND OTHER SUBTERRANEAN HABITATS OF GEORGIA, USA Kirk S. Zigler1C, Matthew L. Niemiller2, Charles D.R. Stephen3, Breanne N. Ayala1, Marc A. Milne4, Nicholas S. Gladstone5, Annette S. Engel6, John B. Jensen7, Carlos D. Camp8, James C. Ozier9, and Alan Cressler10 Abstract We provide an annotated checklist of species recorded from caves and other subterranean habitats in the state of Georgia, USA. We report 281 species (228 invertebrates and 53 vertebrates), including 51 troglobionts (cave-obligate species), from more than 150 sites (caves, springs, and wells). Endemism is high; of the troglobionts, 17 (33 % of those known from the state) are endemic to Georgia and seven (14 %) are known from a single cave. We identified three biogeographic clusters of troglobionts. Two clusters are located in the northwestern part of the state, west of Lookout Mountain in Lookout Valley and east of Lookout Mountain in the Valley and Ridge. In addition, there is a group of tro- globionts found only in the southwestern corner of the state and associated with the Upper Floridan Aquifer. At least two dozen potentially undescribed species have been collected from caves; clarifying the taxonomic status of these organisms would improve our understanding of cave biodiversity in the state.