DOCSLIB.ORG

Warwick.Ac.Uk/Lib-Publications the GRENADIAN REVOLUTION, 1979-1983; the POLITICAL ECONOMY of Ftn ATTEMPT at REVOLUTIONARY TRANSFORMATION in a CARIBBEAN

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Warwick.Ac.Uk/Lib-Publications the GRENADIAN REVOLUTION, 1979-1983; the POLITICAL ECONOMY of Ftn ATTEMPT at REVOLUTIONARY TRANSFORMATION in a CARIBBEAN A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of Warwick Permanent WRAP URL: http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/108795/ Copyright and reuse: This thesis is made available online and is protected by original copyright. Please scroll down to view the document itself. Please refer to the repository record for this item for information to help you to cite it. Our policy information is available from the repository home page. For more information, please contact the WRAP Team at: [email protected] warwick.ac.uk/lib-publications THE GRENADIAN REVOLUTION, 1979-1983; THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF ftN ATTEMPT AT REVOLUTIONARY TRANSFORMATION IN A CARIBBEAN MINI-STATE. Fitzroy Ambursley, B.A. of the req uir e m e n t s of the u e r s i t y of W a r w i c k , Uiest Midlands Department of Sociology. January 1985. University of Warwick Library, Coventry AUTHOR DEGREE DATE OF DEPOSIT TITLE I agree that this thesis shall be available in accordance with the regulations governing the University of Warwick theses. I agree that the summary of this thesis may be submitted for publication. Any proposal to restrict access to the thesis and/or publication of the summary (normally only up to three years from the date of the deposit) must be made by the candidate in writing to the Postgraduate Section, Academic Office at the earliest opportunity. See paragraphs 9 and 11 of "Requirements for the Presentation of Research Theses". I agree that the thesis may be photocopied (single copies for study purposes only) YES/NO (The maximum period of restricted access to be granted should not normally exceed three years, although further extensions of up to a maximum of five years will be considered.) Author's Signature User's Declaration (i) I undertake not to quote or make use of any information from this thesis without making acknowledgment to the author. (il) I further undertake to allow no-one else to use this thesis while it is in my care. DATE SIGNATURE ADDRESS Summary This study is primarily concerned with making an assessment of the social and economic policies pursued by the People's Revolutionary Government (PRG) of Grenada between 1979 to 1983. It is the first sociological study of the Grenadian revolution, and is longer and more detailed than any other study that has been written on the subject. The thesis mainly examines developments inside Grenada. It therefore breaks entirely new ground since most of the existing literature views the revolution from the perspective of international relations. The principal methods of investigation used were library research in London and the Caribbean; and six months of field work in Grenada, Barbados and Jamaica, where I attended important political events and conducted interviews with politicians, businessmen, government officials and representatives' of international agencies. The thesis is divided into ten chapters. Chapter one sets the scene for the study by providing information on the culture, geography, history, sociology and economy of Grenada, and traces the events that led to the revolutionary seizure of power in 1979. Chapter two discusses the main theoretical issues raised by the revolution, and chapter three analyses the institutions of popular power established by the PRG. Chapters four to eight examine the principal features of the economic strategy of the revolutionary government, and chapter nine seeks to explain the factors that led to the downfall of the revolution. The concluding chapter contains a very brief summary of the main findings of the study. The central argument put forward in the thesis is that the. revolutionary ideology which guided the PRG was highly authoritarian in character, and led to the implementation of policies that were not suited to Grenadian society. The ultimate downfall of the revolution was caused by the authoritarian practices of the PRG which resulted in a vicious power struggle in which the Prime Minister and over 100 of his supporters lost their lives. This implosion of the post-revolutionary regime gave the United States' government an adequate pretext to invade Grenada and dismantle the institutions of the revolution. CONTENTS Summary Acknowledgements List of Tables Chapter One - The Pre-Revolutionary Background An Island Society The Historical Background The Advent of Gairyism The Economic Background Class Formation in Grenada The New Jewel Movement and the March 13 Rev olut i on Chapter Two - The Post-Revolutionary Order The New Jewel Movement and Socialist Orientation The Post-Revolutionary State Chapter Three - Popular Power Popular Education The Mass Organisations The Parish and Zonal Council Meetings Chapter Four - The Economic Strategy: An Overview 151 The Expansion and Rationalisation of the State Sector The Introduction of Planning and Training Taxation and Social Reform 180 Chapter Fiue - The Search For a 'Patriotic National Bourgeoisie' 193 The Question of Expropriation 195 Economic Incentives and the Bourgeoisie 203 Chapter Six - The 'Aid Boom* 225 Western Governments and Financial Institutions 228 The Socialist Countries 257 The Oil-Exporting Countries 272 The Non-Governmental Organisations 280 Achievements and Contradictions of the 'Aid Boom' 284 Chapter Seven - Tourism and Revolution 292 The Experience of Tourism in Cuba and Jamaica 296 Peculiarities of Grenada's Tourist Industry 300 'New Tourism' 309 Tourism and Revolution 318 Chapter Eight - Developments in the Countryside 336 The Agrarian Programme 337 Assessment of the Agrarian Programme 374 Chapter Nine - The Unmaking of the Revolution 393 The Confrontation With Washington 394 The Party Crisis and the Invasion 407 Chapter Ten - Conclusion Footnotes 426 Bibliography 470 Periodicals 486 Interviews 488 List of Abbreviations 491 Acknowledgements I u/ould like to thank the following individuals for the encouragement, assistance or critical comments provided during the preparation of this study: Christine Brown, Cynthia Charles, Professor Robin Cohen, Mike Davis, Gloria Fletcher, Winston James, Michael Jess and Shirley Thompson. A special mention should be made of my mother and father, Remona and Theophillus Ambursley, who provided me with invaluable love and support throughout the period of my academic studies. I am also indebted to the Economic and Social Research Council and the Department of Sociology at the University of Warwick for the financial assistance that enabled me to undertake the research. List of Tables Table 1. Shares and Rates of Change of Selected Merchandise Exports - 1975-1978. 2. Food Imports Before The Revolution - 1970-1978. 3. Sectoral Origin of Gross Domestic Product at Current Prices - 1960-1978. 4. Real Gross Domestic Product - 1970-1977 (Selected Years). 5. Grenada's Share of Total Value in the Nutmeg Trade - 1966-1977. 6. Grenada Agricultural and Industrial Development Corporation Loan Disbursements By Sectors - 1965-1978. 7. Tourist Arrivals - 1970-1978. 8. Analysis of Commercial Bank Loans And Advances - 1973-1978. 9. Land Distribution - 1981. 10. Employment By Industry - 1970. 11. Number of Months Worked In Last Tuielve Months - 1970. 12. Housing Tenure - 1970. 13. State and Para-Statal Enterprises in Grenada 1983 ■ 14. Changes in Selected Tax and Other 186 Revenue-Generating Measures Introduced By the People's Revolutionary Goverment 15. Income Differentials In Grenada - 1983. 189 16. Loans Approved By the Grenada Development 208 Bank to Industry and Tourism - 1980-1982 17. Private Investment in Grenada - 1976-1981. 216 18. Grenada: Capital Grants - 1977-1982. 227 19. Grenada Airport Project. 266 20. International Tourist Arrivals - 1950-1981 294 (Selected Years). 21, Tourist Arrivals in the Caribbean - 295 1970-1981. 2 2 , Hotels, Guest Houses, Cottages and 302-304 Apartments in Grenada Under the People's Revolutionary Government. 23. Room Capacity in the Caribbean (Selected 307 Countries) . 24, Projected Stay-Over Visitor Arrivals - 311 1983-1986. 25. Stay-Over Visitor Arrivals - 1978-1982. 26. Cruise Passenger Arrivals - 1978-1982. 27. Tourist Expenditure. 28. Reasons Given By Tourists For Their Visit. 29. Assessment of Grenada Made By Tourists. 30. Sources of Information Used By Tourists. 31. Accomodation Used By Tourists. 32. Estates Managed By the Grenada Farms Corporation - 1983. ..__ 33. Emulation Criteria Used By the Grenada 349 Farms Corporation. v i i 34. Number of Cocoa Growers By Farm Size - 360 1980. 35. Number of Nutmeg Growers By Farm Size and 363 Total Deliveries of Nutmeg. 36. Average Yield of Selected Crops. 369 37. Frequency of Problems Experienced By 370 F armers. 38. Problems Experienced By Farmers By Farm 372 Size. 39. Co-operatives Established By the National 379-380 Co-operative Development Agency. 40. Frequency of Marketing Outlets For 381 Non-Export Agricultural Produce. 41. Cocoa Sales - 1978-1982. 385 42. Nutmeg Production - 1978-1982. 388 43. Nutmeg Sales - 1978-1982. 389 44. Nutmeg: Prices Paid to Growers. 391 Chapter One The Pre-revolutionary Background An Island Society The state of Grenada, which comprises the islands of Grenada, Carriacou, Petite Martinique and a number of islets, has a combined surface area of 133 square miles and a population of around 100,000 people. As such, it is one of the smallest nations in the world. Grenada is the most southerly of the four Caribbean islands known as the Windward Islands, which also includes Dominica, St. Lucia and St. Vincent, and lies ninety miles north of Trinidad and Tobago. Grenada is the smallest territory of the Windward Islands group and has the highest population density. It is also a mountainous country. Although Carriacou is undulating in topography, the rest of the country has a rugged terrain. The island of Grenada has an axial range of mountains of volcanic origin running north and south with spurs extending on the western and eastern sides. Grenada's mountains do not rise as high as those in other Windward Islands, nevertheless several peaks climb to over 2,000 feet, with the highest, Mount St. Catherine volcano in the North,reaching a height of 2,755 feet.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Working Document Series Caribbean Regional
    WORKING DOCUMENT SERIES CARIBBEAN REGIONAL Rural Development Division Bureau for Latin America and th2 Caribbean Agency for International Development GENERAL WORKING DOCUMENT #1 A PARTIALLY ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE CARIBBEAN REGION* *Antigua, Barbados, Belize, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Domi­ nica, Grenada, Montserrat, St. Kitts­ Nevis-(Anguilla), St. Lucia, St. Vin­ cent, Turks and Caicos Islands Clarence Zuvekas, Jr. Sector Analysis Internalization Group Office of International Cooperation and Development U.S. Department of Agriculture September 1978 This document does not bear the approval (nor imply such) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the United States Agency for International Development, or any of their offices. In view of its nature as a working paper, it should not be quoted w-thouz permission of the originating office. Any comments wouid be appreci­ ter,, and can be addressea to the author at: 4112 Auditors Ruiiding i4:n & Independence Avenue, S.W. Washing-on, D.C. 20250 PREFACE Under the terms of USDA Contract No. 12-17-07-5-2173, the author has prepared a bibliography on agricultural development in the Caribbean Region, defined operationally by U.S. AID as comprising the smaller English­ speaking states in the Caribbean, viz.: Antigua, Barbados, Belize, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Grenada, Montserrat, St. Kitts­ began in October 1977 and continued intermittantly, both in the field and in Washington, D.C., until September 1978. I am indebted to a large number of individuals for giving me access to both published and unpublished studies in the libraries of their respective organizations. The author is quick to point out that this bibliography, though quite lengthy, is not complete.
    [Show full text]
  • Latinoamérica, En La Comunicación Mundial
    http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/Ambitos.1999-2000.i03-04.03 ÁMBITOS. Nº 3-4. 2º Semestre 1999-1er Semestre 2000 (pp. 45-59) Latinoamérica en la Comunicación Mundial Dra. Mª Antonia Martín Díez Universidad Europea de Madrid Visión genérica de la comunicación en América Latina por medio de diferentes apartados en los que se reflejan desde la dependencia de los Estados Unidos hasta los logros e intentos de desa- rrollar medios de comunicación que busquen y profundicen en las raíces culturales latinoame- ricanas. El surgimiento de grandes grupos autóctonos de comunicación y sus alianzas con gru- pos de los países desarrollados es otro de los aspectos a resaltar. a estructura de la comunicación latinoamericana se encuentra inmersa dentro del sistema internacional de la información1 . En ella encontramos, obviamente, las tendencias de intercambio e interdependencia actuales. LEstas se pueden producir bien como relaciones paralelas (junto a), bien como relaciones opuestas (frente a). Entre las numerosas tendencias que subyacen en la estructura de la comu- nicación latinoamericana cuya investigación nos ha llevado a descubrir, destaca- mos las siguientes: 1-. Regionalización versus globalización. 2-. Poder autónomo versus poder dependiente. 3-. Proteccionismo versus librecambismo. 4-. Estatismo versus privatización. 5-. Civilización occidental versus otras civilizaciones. 6-. Culturas propias versus cultura norteamericana. 7-. Exposición ideológica directa versus método del entretenimiento. 1 Ver sobre el tema, S. NÚÑEZ DE PRADO y Mª A. MARTÍN, Estructura de la comunicación mundial, Madrid, Univérsitas, pp. 61-78. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/Ambitos.1999-2000.i03-04.03 46 Latinoamérica en la comunicación mundial Vamos a recorrer cada uno de esos grupos de tendencias: I)-.
    [Show full text]
  • The University of Chicago the Creole Archipelago
    THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO THE CREOLE ARCHIPELAGO: COLONIZATION, EXPERIMENTATION, AND COMMUNITY IN THE SOUTHERN CARIBBEAN, C. 1700-1796 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE DIVISION OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY BY TESSA MURPHY CHICAGO, ILLINOIS MARCH 2016 Table of Contents List of Tables …iii List of Maps …iv Dissertation Abstract …v Acknowledgements …x PART I Introduction …1 1. Creating the Creole Archipelago: The Settlement of the Southern Caribbean, 1650-1760...20 PART II 2. Colonizing the Caribbean Frontier, 1763-1773 …71 3. Accommodating Local Knowledge: Experimentations and Concessions in the Southern Caribbean …115 4. Recreating the Creole Archipelago …164 PART III 5. The American Revolution and the Resurgence of the Creole Archipelago, 1774-1785 …210 6. The French Revolution and the Demise of the Creole Archipelago …251 Epilogue …290 Appendix A: Lands Leased to Existing Inhabitants of Dominica …301 Appendix B: Lands Leased to Existing Inhabitants of St. Vincent …310 A Note on Sources …316 Bibliography …319 ii List of Tables 1.1: Respective Populations of France’s Windward Island Colonies, 1671 & 1700 …32 1.2: Respective Populations of Martinique, Grenada, St. Lucia, Dominica, and St. Vincent c.1730 …39 1.3: Change in Reported Population of Free People of Color in Martinique, 1732-1733 …46 1.4: Increase in Reported Populations of Dominica & St. Lucia, 1730-1745 …50 1.5: Enslaved Africans Reported as Disembarking in the Lesser Antilles, 1626-1762 …57 1.6: Enslaved Africans Reported as Disembarking in Jamaica & Saint-Domingue, 1526-1762 …58 2.1: Reported Populations of the Ceded Islands c.
    [Show full text]
  • Speakers World Press Freedom Day 2015 Riga, Latvia
    Speakers World Press Freedom Day 2015 Riga, Latvia ABUGHAIDA, Dareen Dareen Abughaida is a Principal Presenter at Al Jazeera English and has over ten years’ experience in journalism. She joined Al Jazeera English in 2010. Recent presenting highlights at Al Jazeera English include coverage of the Egyptian revolution, Tunisian and Libyan uprisings, the war in Syria, Turkey unrest, and the tsunami in Japan. She participates and moderates panels at conferences including the World Climate Change and the Al Jazeera Centre for Studies, representing the Al Jazeera Network. Previous roles include anchor for programs at Dubai TV and CNBC Arabia, and news anchor for Bloomberg Television UK. At Dubai TV, Dareen Abughaida presented and produced programs interviewing heads of state, CEO's and experts in their fields. At Bloomberg she launched and presented the networks' program on the Middle East "Middle East Middle East Money Focus." AL KHAWAJA, Maryam Maryam Al Khawaja is a Bahraini human rights activist and president of the Bahrain Centre for Human Rights. Since many years she has been actively involved in human rights organizations and has participated in many conferences on this issue. She reported for example at the US Congress about the human rights’ situation in Bahrain, at the United Nations Human Rights Council in Geneva or at the Oslo Freedom Forum. Maryam Al Khawaja has been president of the Bahrain Centre for Human Rights since 2012. ALI, Owais Aslam Owais Alam Ali is Secretary General of the Pakistan Press Foundation (PPF), holds a degree in journalism from Cardiff University, and was among the recipients of the Nieman Fellowship for Journalism at Harvard University in 2002.
    [Show full text]
  • Feminist Media Strategies for Social Engagement
    MEDIACIONES Nº15 ISSN 1692-5688 JULIO-DICIEMBRE 2015 AT HOME, IN BED AND IN THE STREET: FEMINIST MEDIA STRATEGIES FOR SOCIAL ENGAGEMENT EN LA CASA, LA CAMA Y LA CALLE: ESTRATEGIAS MEDIÁTICAS FEMINISTAS PARA EL COMPROMISO SOCIAL NA CASA, A CAMA E A RUA: ESTRATÉGIAS DE MÍDIA FEMINISTAS PARA O COMPROMISSO SOCIAL Páginas Elizabeth Miller 80-95 [email protected] Recibido Associate professor at Concordia University in Communication Studies in Montreal. 28 de noviembre de 2015 The article was connected to a research project called Going Aceptado Public: Oral History, New Media and the Performing Arts that 25 de diciembre de 2015 resulted in a companion website. 80 Elizabeth Miller AT HOME, IN BED AND IN THE STREET: FEMINIST MEDIA STRATEGIES FOR SOCIAL ENGAGEMENT Abstract Using a Contracorriente exam, a project of the Ni- caraguan feminist organization Puntos de encuen- tro, I have explored the role that feminist media can play in combination with support networks in multiplying dialogue opportunities and the promo- tion of women’s rights. The article tries to answer the following questions: How does feminist media take advantage of the power and knowledge base of transnational networks of support to represent and debate the impacts of globalization on the li- ves of women? What type of media and mediation can they access to discuss complex issues such as abortion, incest or rape with the general public? How does the creative process happen to trans- form a TV program in a catalyst to imagine the change and a platform for sharing solutions? Keywords Nicaragua, Centroamérica, medios feministas, tele- visión, telenovelas .
    [Show full text]
  • CASE STUDY: Business Climate and Competitiveness Enhancement Support Provided by the Compete Caribbean Programme
    CASE STUDY: Business climate and competitiveness enhancement support provided by the Compete Caribbean Programme Case Study Author: Carlos Hinojosa, Technopolis Group; Case Study Sponsor: François-Philippe Dubé, Global Affairs Canada Executive Summary In 2009 the Department for International Development of the United Kingdom (DfID) and the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA, now Global Affairs Canada) partnered with the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) to design a programme that would enhance the competitiveness of the Caribbean region by means of support to Private Sector Development and Competitiveness. The Compete Caribbean (2010- 2016) provided technical assistance grants and investment funding to support productive development policies, business climate reforms, clustering initiatives and Small and Medium Size Enterprise (SME) development activities in the Caribbean region. The ultimate goal of the Programme was to contribute to the increase in the standard of living and quality of life, and the enhancement of the competitiveness and economic growth of the 15 independent CARIFORUM countries. One of the specific objectives of the programme was to contribute to an improved enabling environment for business development, trade and integration. In addition, a focus on gender equality, women’s economic empowerment and environmental sustainability were also considered important for the programme delivery. This Case Study is part of the Donor Committee for Enterprise Development’s Guide: “The Search for Synergy: Business Environment and Green Growth. A practical Guide for Policy Makers” Please consult http://www.enterprise-development.org DCED: Business Environment Reform & Green Growth 1 Unsurprisingly, the programme’s theory of change is heavily geared towards improving the business environment in the Caribbean region, and improving conditions for competitiveness and innovation.
    [Show full text]
  • Business Source Corporate Plus
    Business Source Corporate Plus Other Sources 1 May 2015 (Book / Monograph, Case Study, Conference Papers Collection, Conference Proceedings Collection, Country Report, Financial Report, Government Document, Grey Literature, Industry Report, Law, Market Research Report, Newspaper, Newspaper Column, Newswire, Pamphlet, Report, SWOT Analysis, TV & Radio News Transcript, Working Paper, etc.) Newswires from Associated Press (AP) are also available via Business Source Corporate Plus. All AP newswires are updated several times each day with each story available for accessing for 30 days. *Titles with 'Coming Soon' in the Availability column indicate that this publication was recently added to the database and therefore few or no articles are currently available. If the ‡ symbol is present, it indicates that 10% or more of the articles from this publication may not contain full text because the publisher is not the rights holder. Please Note: Publications included on this database are subject to change without notice due to contractual agreements with publishers. Coverage dates shown are the intended dates only and may not yet match those on the product. All coverage is cumulative. Due to third party ownership of full text, EBSCO Information Services is dependent on publisher publication schedules (and in some cases embargo periods) in order to produce full text on its products. Source Type ISSN / ISBN Publication Name Publisher Indexing and Indexing and Full Text Start Full Text Stop Availability* Abstracting Start Abstracting Stop Newspaper
    [Show full text]
  • Newspaper Source Plus Database Coverage List
    Newspaper Source Plus Database Coverage List "Cover-to-Cover" coverage refers to sources where content is provided in its entirety "All Staff Articles" refers to sources where only articles written by the newspaper’s staff are provided in their entirety "Selective" coverage refers to sources where certain staff articles are selected for inclusion Please Note: Publications included on this database are subject to change without notice due to contractual agreements with publishers. Coverage dates shown are the intended dates only and may not yet match those on the product. All coverage is cumulative. Due to third party ownership of full text, EBSCO Information Services is dependent on publisher publication schedules (and in some cases embargo periods) in order to produce full text on its products. Coverage Policy Source Type Publication Name Indexing and Indexing and Full Text Full Text State/Province City Country Abstracting Abstracting Start Stop Start Stop Cover-to-Cover TV & Radio News 20/20 (ABC) 01/01/2006 01/01/2006 United States of Transcript America Cover-to-Cover TV & Radio News 48 Hours (CBS News) 12/01/2000 12/01/2000 United States of Transcript America Cover-to-Cover TV & Radio News 60 Minutes (CBS News) 11/26/2000 11/26/2000 United States of Transcript America Cover-to-Cover TV & Radio News 60 Minutes II (CBS News) 11/28/2000 06/29/2005 11/28/2000 06/29/2005 United States of Transcript America Cover-to-Cover International 7 Days (UAE) 11/15/2010 11/15/2010 United Arab Emirates Newspaper Cover-to-Cover Newswire AAP Australian National News Wire 09/13/2003 09/13/2003 Australia Cover-to-Cover Newswire AAP Australian Sports News Wire 10/25/2000 10/25/2000 Australia All Staff Articles U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • DOCUMENT RESUME Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of The
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 423 566 CS 509 910 TITLE Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (81st, Baltimore, Maryland, August 5-8, 1998). International--Part II INSTITUTION Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication. PUB DATE 1998-08-00 NOTE 611p.; For other sections of these Proceedings, see CS 509 905-922. PUB TYPE Collected Works Proceedings (021) Reports Research (143) EDRS PRICE MF03/PC25 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Civil Liberties; Democracy; Economic Factors; *Foreign Countries; Government Role; Higher Education; *International Communication; *Journalism Education; Language Skills; Marxian Analysis; *Mass Media Use; Media Research; *News Reporting; Newspapers; Public Opinion; Radio; Telecommunications; Television IDENTIFIERS *Media Coverage ABSTRACT The International--Part II section of the Proceedings contains the following 20 papers: "An Economic Imperative: Privatization as Reflected in Business Reporting in the Middle East. Egypt as a Case Study" (Leonard Ray Teel, Hussein Amin, Shirley Biagi, and Carolyn Crimmins); "Broadcasting in South Africa: The Politics of Educational Radio" (Paul R. van der Veur); "Why Beijingers Read Newspapers?" (Tao Sun, Xinshu Zhao, and Guoming Yu); "News about Korea and Japan in American Network Television Evening News: A Content Analysis of Coverage in 1996" (Jowon Park); "Political Parties and Changes in Taiwanese Electronic Media in the 1990s" (Wei-Kuo Lin); "State Control on Television News in Post-War Lebanon" (Marwan
    [Show full text]
  • UNITED NATIONS Distr
    UNITED NATIONS Distr. GENERAL GENERAL A/34/149 ASSEMBLY 16 October 1979 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH Thirty-fourth session Agenda item 53 (b) QUESTIONS RELATING TO INFOPJ~~ION International relations in the sphere of information and mass cOillID_unication Note by the Secretary-General The Secretary-General has the honour to transmit to the members of the General Assembly a report which has been corrmunicated to him by the Director-General of the United Nations Educational~ Scientific and Cultural Organization in accordance with paragraph 6 of General Assembly resolution 33/115 B of 18 December 1978. 79-23486 I. .. A/34/149 English Annex Page 1 ANNEX Report of the Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization on UNESCO activities in the field of information and mass communications CONTENTS Paragraphs I. INTRODUCTION ••..• 1 - 3 2 11. RESOLUTIONS CONCERNING COllMUNICATION OF THE UNESCO GENERAL CONFERENCE AND INTERGOVERNI~NTAL CONFERENCES 4 - 15 3 Ill. ACTIVITIES SINCE OCTOBER 1978 IN THE FIELD OF INFORI~TION •.•••••• 16 - 64 7 A. Communication policies and research 16 - 24 7 B. Programmes on flow of information • 25 - 36 9 C. Development of communication systems 37 - 41 13 D. Communication planning •.••.•. 42 - 45 14 E. Transfer and adaptation of technology 46 - 48 14 F. Training 49 - 55 15 G. Communication and community media in rural areas. 56 - 61 16 H. Technical co-operation among developing countries 62 - 64 18 IV. INTERNATIONAL COlfi1ISSION FOR THE STUDY OF COlfi1UNICATION PROBLENS .••••••.••.••.••••. •• 65 - 83 19 APPENDICES I. Kuala Lumpur Declaration .• 24 11. List of documents published as at 30 September 1979 by the UNESCO International Commission for the Study of Communication Problems .••..•..•••.•...••.•..••••.•• 29 / ..
    [Show full text]
  • DOCUMENT RESUME Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of The
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 401 563 CS 215 571 TITLE Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (79th, Anaheim, CA, August 10-13, 1996). International Communications Division. INSTITUTION Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication. PUB DATE Aug 96 NOTE 441p.; For other sections of these proceedings, see CS 215 568-580. PUB TYPE Collected Works Conference Proceedings (021) EDRS PRICE MFO1 /PC18 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Advertising; Agenda Setting; Anti Semitism; Case Studies; Content Analysis; *Development Communication; *Foreign Countries; Global Approach; Ideology; Journalism Research; Models; Newspapers; *Privatization; Publishing Industry; Telecommunications; World Wide Web IDENTIFIERS *Media Coverage; New York Times; Washington Post ABSTRACT The international communications section of the Proceedings contains the following 14 papers: "Spinning Stories: Latin America and the World Wide Web" (Eliza Tanner); "Private-Enterprise Broadcasting and Accelerating Dependency: Case Studies from Nigeria and Uganda" (Folu Folarin Ogundimu); "The Transitional Media System of Post-Communist Bulgaria" (Ekaterina Ognianova); "Comparing Canadian and U.S. Press Coverage of the Gulf Crisis: The Effects of Ideology in an International Context" (James E. Mollenkopf and Nancy Brendlinger); "Privatization in Indian Telecommunications: A Pragmatic Solution to Socialist Inertia" (Divya C. McMillin); "'Caribscope' -A Forum for Development News?" (Lisa A. McClean); "Ideology and Market:
    [Show full text]
  • CEPAL ,/CARIB 81/3 Addo3 29 January 1981 ECONOMIC
    CEPAL ,/CARIB 81/3 Addo3 29 January 1981 ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR LATIN AMERICA Office for the Caribbean INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES IN CARIBBEAN COUNTRIES GRENADA Prepared by Anthony Boatswain Consultant This monograph on the Industrial. Development Strategy of Grenada has been prepared for the CEPAL Office for the Caribbean by Mr„ Anthony Boatswain in his personal capacity. The views expressed are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of CEPAL. 4 » * SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS Introduction 1/ As pointed out in a World Bank study — the foundations of an industrial development policy for the Caribbean were not laid in the decade of the 70's but rather as early as the late 50's, It was only during the 60's however that import substitution was given any serious ' attention as a focal point of industrial development policy, in the hope that such a policy would reduce over-dependence on external sources„ Within this context therefore, it must be noted that there was never any serious attempt to formulate an independent industrial development strategy for Grenada, during the decade of the 70's. Whatever vague notion of an industrial strategy which existed then, must be viewed within the context of an overall strategy for the region as a whole. It was within this regional integration movement therefore that policies which were instituted to promote import substitution industrializa­ tion were adopted by the various countries. For example, the adoption of a common external tariff, and the harmonization of fiscal incentives remain symbolic of the attempts at unification of policy instruments, designed to promote import substitution industrialization for the region as a whole.
    [Show full text]