Tam

Kernewek “ A bit of Cornish”

Volume 29 Issue Summer 2011

Destination – Mineral Point, Wisconsin !

Cousin Jacks and Jennies from 17 states – California, Colorado, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, Indiana,

Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, Washing-

ton and Wisconsin – plus and Australia will be making their way to Mineral Point to participate in the 16th Gathering of Cornish Cousins in August.

What‘s in store for them ? In previous issues, we‘ve described the outstanding entertainment of IONA (Celtic Music and Dance), the powerful musical drama ―Cry of Tin‖, and an evening of Cornish Film.

Following an opening ceremony Thursday morning and a general session presentation by Phil Hosken on Cornwall‘s Contributions to Mankind, attendees will have a wide variety of topics from which to select for the six small group sessions on Thursday and Friday. Those topics include:  The architectural legacy of Mineral Point focusing on Cornish design and construction methods  A demonstration on using the vast database of Cornwall Family History Society  The history of the Cornish tall tale and knackers, piskies, bucca-boo and which were often sub- jects for a good tall tale  A visual introduction to traditional Cornwall through photos and the poetry those evoke presented by John Caddy whom Donald Rawe called the ―Poet Laureate of the Overseas Cornish‖  ―Identity Theft‖ illustrates how the contributions made by Cornish women have disappeared from our histo- ry and suggests sources helpful in discovering them  The historic connections between Cornwall and America/Mineral Point of fraternal organizations such as the of Odd and Freemasonry  Research using original documents to track your ancestor‘s activities in business, mining, traveling west during the California Gold Rush – or putting a date on an old photograph you‘ve found  Interesting discoveries to be make while recording the ‗Words Carved in Stone‘ on memorials  Get ready to sing Cornish Christmas Carols with Bard Marion Howard [Nightingale of the West]  And/or learn to sing Cornish folksongs with Frank Siegle and Danny Proud  Learn about the history and current status of Cornish Dance and learn some simple steps with members of Traed y DDraig - or Albert Jenkin  Learn about the life and work of women and children during the 18th and early 19th C in the smelters, ex-

Cornish American Heritage Society American Cornish Heritage plosive works, slate quarries, clay pits and mines – Nothing Too Dangerous?  The Tregellas Tapestry illustrates the in multiple panels. Learn about how these were made and get suggestions on how to do a similar project for your area of Cornish settlement  ―What Did Women Wear‖ will demonstrate customs of fashion for females who worked the mines, fields and fish markets of the early 1800s  How and where do you start if you want to learn the ? Cornish Language 101 will give you basics on how to get started 21 continued next page

Destination con’t::

 Cornish Hurling – 2011 See and hear about the Shrove Tuesday Hurling Match in Cornwall

And MORE If you have access to the internet, check for more topics at www.cornishfest.org or www.cousinjack.org and click on Gathering Events

During the days of the Gathering, all the microfilm of the West Briton and Cornwall Advertiser from 1839 – 1887 will be available for viewing at the Mineral Point Library/and Mineral Point Room. Explore the news of Cornwall during the time your ancestors were leaving. How did they know about the mineral findings in what is now Southwest Wisconsin; gold in California, and copper in Michigan?

In addition to all of this, on Friday evening, the Friends of Pendarvis are sponsoring a Pub Night at Pendarvis State Histor- ical Site with entertainment by Jim Wearne and book readings/chats with authors Gage McKinney, Jim Jewell, John Cad- dy and Sue Pellowe. The admission fee of $10 goes to the Friends of Pendarvis to help retain and maintain this Cornish site. Tommi

Brenda Wootton was an amazing woman. Born and bred out in the far west of Corn- wall, she had a beautiful voice and could sing anything from folk songs to jazz and FLASH ,!! but mostly her songs of ‗homeland‘ will reduce you to tears.

The discovery of the master tapes of her concert in Paris in 1984 has provided the material for the first new album by Brenda in fifteen years, a rare combination of mate- rial for anyone who loves Cornwall. It is unique as it is the one and only time Brenda was recorded before a live audience.

The producer chose the ―All of Me‖ for this CD because the music represents eve- rything that was Brenda. There is one song, ‗Silver Net‘ that is about how Cornish sons and daughter have had to move away for work to make a living throughout their history. John Productions has generously made it possible for us to sell a lim- ited number of the CDs at the Gathering in Mineral Point for $15. No hassle with cur- rency exchange rates or postage/packaging to deal with.

If you wish to reserve a copy, contact Tommi O‘Hagan at [email protected] or 651 East Scott St, Fond du Lac, WI 54935.

Editor’s note: See Spring newsletter for complete article. This is a really good deal!

22

LANHYDROCK Part II By Kitty Quayle

While there are many Great Houses to be toured in the UK, Lanhydrock is unique in the myriad personal effects that fill the house. It very much feels like the owners still live there and are just out for a bit. The other very cool thing about Lanhydrock is that you get to tour the working part, to see how much labor and how many people it took to ensure that the few above stairs could live in effortless splendor. As a chef, I was particularly fascinated by the huge kitchen with its Victorian gadgets, cast iron ranges, lead lined sinks and cavernous fireplace with gleaming spits. The thirty-foot ceilings had high banks of windows to carry off the smoke and stupefying heat and to let in lots of light. The sheer volume of pots, pans, bowls, molds and utensils challenged any commercial kitchen‘s inventory.

Feeding the Upper Crust

But the vast kitchen was only a part of what was required to satisfy the culinary requirements of the upper crust. There was also the scullery for washing up dishes and vegetables and the bake house for the daily breads, cakes, biscuits and such. Several separate larders opened off the hallway; the dry larder for general storage, a meat larder and of course a fish larder for preserving and cooking fish. Particularly striking was the ingenious dairy and dairy scullery room, where the long, white marble counters and storage cupboards were kept cold by icy spring water running through channels carved into the stone. The and clotted were made here and the stored, as well as anything like puddings prepared in the kitchen that required chilling. Outside, away from all the splendor, lux and ingenuity of the Victorian interiors are the gardens. Formal areas greet one upon arri- val, all regimented color and precision geometry, forming a perfect foil for the squareness of the granite house behind them. The rigid formali- ty sets the stage perfectly for the house‘s interior. The parterres of dazzling bedding plants are home to bronze urns originally from the Chateau Bagatelle in Paris, which came to Lanhydrock in 1857. The thirty acres of gardens maintain the 19th century plan, as formal areas give way to riotous herbaceous borders, here planted in a unique circular form. A charming vine-covered garden shed with a steeply pitched roof squatted amongst the borders, resembling a bearded ancient as its hanging tendrils swayed in the breeze, revealing a lancet- upstairs window. The heavy iron studded timber door peeked out of the overgrowth like the door into The Secret Garden, the heat of the blazing scarlet tulips blooming in front creating a sharp contrast to the cool foliage. In the back of the garden where the woods begin, a few slate steps lead down from the path to the nearly subterranean and mysterious ancient sacred well. Sheltered in a stone building surrounded by verdant growth, its arched doorway blocked by a locked wrought iron gate, the sacred water collects in the stone basin, a bit of day- light reaching it to glint upon the ebon surface. The Gardener‘s Cottage is nearby, tucked into a quiet corner, stoutly built of stone and roofed with slate. Clinging vines cover the walls, leaving only the arched windows and linteled door bare.

A Prime Garden for Walkers

What a lovely spot to live, with the expanse of garden fanning out in front and the deep woods snuggling up behind. The higher gar- dens, on the hillside above the house and church, combine native oaks and beeches with more than 120 species of white and cream magnolias, azaleas, rhododendron, camellias, rare shrubs and trees. Some of the specimens date from 1634. The estate encom- passes nearly 1,000 acres of beautiful countryside and is a prime garden for walkers. A network of paths runs through bluebell- carpeted woods and flower-filled meadows. The famous avenue of ancient beech and sycamore, planted in 1648, runs down to the River, seven and a half miles upstream from the sea. When Tommy Agar-Robartes lost his life in the war, the title passed to his younger brother Frances who then became the 7th Viscount Clifden. Frances never married and in 1953 donated Lanhydrock and all its contents to the National Trust, that fabulous organization responsible for saving and opening to the public thousands of signifi- cant properties throughout the UK. Lanhydrock is one of the top ten most visited NT properties, but on this glorious Spring day, we had it virtually to ourselves. The shadows were lengthening as it was past seven when we walked out of the woods and returned to our car, now the lone occu- pant of the car park. The hours had flown, filling our hearts and memories with visions of another exemplary day in lovely Cornwall.

23

The Toronto Cornish Association is planning visit Correspondence from Societies and Christ Anglican Church in Greensville on Hwy #8 where Cousin Jack Website Len Snell‟s father was a minister. They will see the an- cient Tau font (named after the “tau” or Greek T) brought from Cornwall circa 1860 by Canon F. L. Osler. Specula- From CANSW newsletter: tion has it dated somewhere between the 5th C and the The 2011 UK census was held on Sunday 27 March. The census ena- 15th C. It is believed to be the oldest piece of church fur- bled anyone who wished to record their identity as ‗Cornish‟ to do so niture in Canada. The church is “a fine example of Gothic by using a write-in option, although there was no specific „Cornish‟ Revival architecture with its beautiful gables and Gothic tickbox. There were 3 questions to which the answer may have been windows”. „Cornish‟: 15, what is your national identity?, 16, what is your ethnic ======group?, and 18, what is your main language for your national identity? In 2001 over 37,000 wrote „Cornish‟ in, so it will be interesting to see Also from the TCA newsletter: whether this will increase after a campaign to do so „Gansey Gals, a History of Knitting in Cornwall”, present- this time. ed by Jacqueline Tucker and Nancy Dale traced the im- portance of knitting in Cornwall, specifically that of the

fisherman‟s sweater. The women used this skill to sup- ************************************************************************* plement the family‟s income and created distinct patterns for the county. Tied in with this history was the TCA‟s current interest and participation in the knitting challenge I am writing to introduce the Cornish Mining World Heritage in Cornwall to produce the world‟s longest knitted scarf. Site which has been UNESCO inscribed in recognition of our An afghan in Cornish coulours has been knitted to raffle outstanding metalliferous mining heritage. One of the aims and off at a future TCA meeting. objectives of our Management Plan is to foster links with Cor- nish mining related sites internationally. If you would like to know more about our World Heritage Site then please log on to our website: Http://www.cornishmining.org.uk For our newsletters: Http://www.cornish-mining-org.uk/newsletters/newsletters.htm

Do have a look at the current issue. Stories of the mine of Hooe (ever heard of Hooe?) and of Cornish miners emigrat- ing not only to South America, Australia, US and S. Africa, but to spots in such as Norway!

If you have any specific Cornish mining related stories which Photo of Pauline Duinker, Jacqueline Tucker and Nancy Dale you would like to contribute please contact us. taken by Liz Radcliffe. Letter from Karen Willows to Illinois Cornish Society …………………………………………………………………………. New Cornish Facebook group: +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Mary Leah Cornish Henry ([email protected]) Writes: the facebook group ‗CORNISH AROUND THE GLOBE‘ is The Clipper Ship ‘City of Adelaide’ was launched on 7th May 1864 open to all Facebook users. Nearly 300 members from all 5 conti- and is a few years older than the world‘s only other surviving clipper nents of the world, dozens of US states, Central and Latin American ship, the ‗Cutty Sark‘. The ‗City of Adelaide‘ was purpose built as a countries and other West Indian Islands. I am currently visiting all passenger ship to serve South Australia. The first class cabins on the Cornish associations introducing myself online. Please get in touch if ‗City of Adelaide‘ were considered to be the finest of the sailing ship you like! era. Another from TCA newsletter! In November 1864, the ‗City of Adelaide‘ first arrived in South Australia ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ after a three month voyage from . Many of the passengers Cousin Jack submission: onboard, and some of the crew, were about to establish a new life in My great grandfather, John Mitchinson Collins, worked in the the young colony. Over the following quarter century, the ‗City of Ade- mines in Grass Valley in the 1860's. We think we've traced him laide‘ carried all classes of passengers from people ‗of substance‘ to to but would be interested to know his point of entry government assisted emigrants. They came from many different ethnic since so many of the Cornish miners emigrated at that time. backgrounds and many were Scottish, English, Danish, German and Cornish. Today, their descendants living in South Australia number in We think we have him in the Camborne census in 1851 but the the hundreds of thousands. next evidence is a marriage license in Grass Valley 1866. I'd The Scottish Minister for Culture and External Affairs, Fiona Hyslop, like to fill in that gap. Is it likely that they came to San Francis- has announced that South Australia has been selected as the pre- co? If anyone has information please contact: ferred destination for the ‗City of Adelaide‘. With public support, the ‗City of Adelaide‘ will again return to Adelaide, the last of all of the James Ferris passenger sailing ships to bring migrants to Australia. From Cornish Association of South Australia newsletter [email protected] continued next page

24 Correspondence con’t:

In the Winter issue, there was a request from Philip Jones of Helligan Mill, near for help in finding family. Philip has since been searching out more details and correcting misin- formation drawn from used by family and faded memories and he has made some progress.

Philip is seeking information about Alfred Pope and has found that he married FLORENCE (not Lily), and Alfred was buried at Springfield, CA after his death in 1905. Alfred and Florence had a daughter Edwina born in Butte, Montana who married a Bill Ferguson (corrected spelling). Edwina and Bill had twin daughters Karen Lillian and Sharen Alice born Nov. 13, 1941. Sharen Alice married a Robert L. Kreisel on Dec. 16, 1960 at Tulare, CA. Any information or suggestions from our readers will be welcomed. Philip’s e-mail address is [email protected] Telephone: (0)1208 812758 Postal: Helligan Mill, Hellandbridge, Bodmin, Cornwall PL30 4QR Notes of interest: Philip sings with the Male Voice Choir. Some of the choir members were in Grass Valley with the Choir. Philip himself had the pleasure of attend- ing and singing to the North American Cornish Gathering at Toronto/ (Bowmanville) 2003. He has a keen interest in old Cornish songs and music. <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< Pirantide in Parliament To the delight of the Ambassador the was a resound- There was a special Piran- ing success! They had close to 115 people and had to turn tide event in London this replies away since the Embassy had given a limit of 100 year. The MP for North guests. Bridget reports that a Cornish table was set up in Cornwall, Dan Rogerson, the entrance of the Embassy residence with all the pam- organized the first ever Pi- phlets, maps, bookmarks, postcards etc and at one end, rantide celebration at the for sale, the booklets, tea towels, calendars from Corn- Houses of Parliament on Thursday 3rd March to educate wall which had so kindly and generously been sent to me. Parliament and have a good time when most were only At the end of the event, nothing was left and we had aware of the Welsh and Irish festivals of saints in spring- sold everything bar the tablecloth!! We even ended up time. A large number of MP’s selling take-away plates of , ginger cake, brownies and peers from all over the UK attended the event. The and the highly popular, Cornish Farings biscuits, which room was packed full of people all day and the celebration Pam Melville had so kindly sent out. was a great success. Many thanks to Dan Rogerson for The Ambassador, Judith Macgregor, gave a wonderful organizing such a super event. speech, exulting Cornwall and the Cornish legacy around From Illinois Cornish Society newsletter the world, and saying that all the themes she currently ======uses for most of her official speeches -trade, migration, Dot Hosking Huntley technology transfer, innovation, and cultural exchange- is of the really nothing new and can basically all be summed up Pacific NW Cornish Society by the Cornish mining experience of the nineteenth cen- announces that they are now on tury!She read from my mother's original essay 'The Road Facebook come and join them! to Real del Monte' and I can tell you, there were many a ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ damp eye in the audience! When it came to my turn, I spoke about Richards’s efforts and those of the Cornish Kitty Quayle Mexican Cultural Society to raise awareness and funds to of the keep the links going between the present and future California Cornish Cousins generations of these communities. tells us that they are also now on Facebook From Cornish Mexican Cultural Society newsletter continued next page 25

Correspondence con’t: Attention Cornish Listers: Jan Davis has 40+ List pins for sale. Paul Scandlyn paid to SW WISCONSIN CORNISH CELEBRATE have them made and now all pins sold for $15 USD will benefit ST. PIRAN’S DAY IN GRAND FASHION the CAHS scholarship fund. He will claim a donation to CAHS and all proceeds will be sent to the CAHS treasurer. Hopefully The Piskeys smiled on Southwest Wisconsin Cornish this will stimulate more people to become members on the Cor- folk as a cool but beautiful sunny day greeted the nearly nish list-serve which is free and offers family history help and 50 Cousin Jacks and Jennys gathered to honor St. Piran on general information about all things Cornish to members March 6. The meeting was held at Sam and Maddies, a around the world. Sounds like a win-win situation—what do you restaurant and lounge situated in the old Pengilly farm barn on the northern outskirts of Dodgeville. Chef Web think? Jacka had prepared a wonderful Cornish-style luncheon of ************************************************************************ and figgy hobbin with all the trimmings. FGS Radio Debuts on April 20, 2011 Following the meal and greetings by Society President Dick Baker, the winners of the 2011 Mary E. Benson The Federation of Genealogical Societies (FGS) Writing Contest presented their prize- winning entries. announces the debut of My Society, the first Internet First place went to Hannah Goninen., who traced her radio show dedicated solely to genealogy societies. Cornish roots from , Cornwall to Iowa County, Broadcast weekly each Saturday at 1:00 pm Central, Wis., with a power point presentation entitled “A Family’s My Society will host discussions of genealogy society Journey”. topics with a variety of guests including well-known Second place was awarded to Savannah Wallace with an genealogists and genealogy community leaders. Top- essay describing the “Cornish Influence in Mineral Point”. ics will be relevant to society management and the “The Disaster”, a well written and suspenseful fiction role societies play within the genealogy community. This unique media outlet can be accessed at: piece by Anna Schmitt, told the horrors of a mine collapse as recounted by a survivor. http:/ www.blogtalkradio.com/mysociety The winners all received monetary to be used either for a student exchange trip to Cornwall or toward For those who are interested, the episodes are availa- expenses of further education. ble ‘on demand’ at the above website. The first epi- After a sing-song of several old familiar Cornish songs, sode with Curt Witcher, Bringing Genealogy Socie- the meeting closed with the singing of “Land of Our Fa- ties into the 21st Century is available as a podcast. thers” (Bro Goth Agan Tazow) in English as written from +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ the literal translation by Marion Howard, ending with a hearty Kernow Bys Vyken! Tom and Libby Luke and Rob and Leanne Lloyd, recently sent photos of the bushfire memorial erected at St. Just Point in Bendi- go, financed by the Federation of Male Voice Choirs in Cornwall. Ed note: Those of us who attend- ed from were privileged to see this memorial in person. Newsletter of Cornish Association of South Australia, Inc. ======Have you forgotten to register?

There is still time!!

*********************************************** Register for the gathering in Mineral Point Leslie (Les) Stephens, 80, husband of Anne, passed away April by going to cornishjack.net 28, 2011. He was a member of the Cornish Heritage Society East and will be missed. See you there...

26 *********************************************** continued next page

Correspondence con’t: The new bells were cast to celebrate the centenary of the com- pletion of Cornwall‘s cathedral, and will be Cornwall‘s only ring An BEYBEL SANS in KERNOWEK of 12. The Holy Bible in Cornish From CASA autumn newsletter ************************************************************************* The single most important factor in the establishment of modern written vernaculars in Europe was the publication of religious texts, for example, Queen Elizabeth‘s Irish catechism (Dublin 1571), Foirceadul Aithghearr in Scottish Gaelic (Edinburgh 1652) and the Welsh Bible (1588). The publication of the Holy Bible has always been of crucial importance to any language, since a translation of the Bible is manifest proof that a language is worthy to express the word of God. Luther‘s Ger- man version of the Bible (1534) and the English of the King James Version (1611) have both left an indelible mark on their respective languages. Notice has been received of the forthcoming publication of the first complete Bible in Cornish and thus to assist the Cornish revival. The book, published by Evertype of Co. Mayo in Ireland, is sponsored by Cowethas Peran Sans of . An Beybel Sans is written in Standard Cornish. The Cornish Arms The translator of the Bible is Professor . The first draft of his translation was based on the original texts to- From the West Briton and Cornwall Advertiser –24th February, gether with a collation of several other versions. Next the draft 1854— A correspondent having lately asked us what is the was reviewed by a number of competent Cornish speakers, meaning of the Cornish arms and motto, we beg to furnish the whose comments helped improve the readability of the transla- following explanation to him and to such others of our readers tion. Thereafter the translator searched the Middle and Late as may feel an interest in the subject: The Cornish arms and Cornish texts—miracle plays, homilies, and portions of scrip- motto were those of Cadoc, Earl of Cornwall, who was deprived ture, to find all those passages where native Cornish renderings of his title by William the Norman in 1066, and who Camden could be used in the translation. Such passages by speakers of says, was the last Earl of British blood. His arms, which are traditional Cornish have been incorporated throughout the Cor- used as the county arms, are a sable shield, fifteen bezants, nish Bible, and add to its authenticity. Wherever possible, per- five, four, three, two and one. The supporters , two lions ram- sonal and geographical are those attested in traditional pant, are of modern date. The crest a lion passant or—motto Cornish. ‗One and All.‘ The fifteen bezants, or as they are improperly Maps of the Holy Land in Biblical times and St. Paul‘s journeys called ‗ba(?)s,‘ represent round pieces of gold used in the early in the Mediterranean will accompany the text, with place names ages as coin, and were of great value, but what their intrinsic given in Cornish. worth was is not now known. They were originally coined at If one would like to contribute to this effort and receive a Bible, Constantinople, (Byzantium) and from the ninth to the fourteenth one can send a 50 pound donation to: [email protected] century were the chief gold coin in currency through Europe. via PayPal. The plan is the launch the book in September with a The bezant represents in heraldry these round pieces of gold by recommended retail price of 49.95 pounds. which the stipends of the higher soldiers of the army in the holy Michael Everson, Evertype, publisher believes that publication wars are supposed to have been paid. They are with us always of the first Cornish bible will be a very significant moment in the emblazoned gold, but the foreign heralds make them both gold history of the Cornish language, and indeed will enhance the and silver. Christian tradition of the Celtic countries. Why Cadoc, Earl of Cornwall, assumed the fifteen bezants for his arms is not known: but as he was a great warrior it might Taken from cornish.proboards.com have been to commemorate numerous battles in which he was ======victorious or emblematic of large rewards received from his her- Twelve Bells oism in such battles. The bezant of gold was current in till the reign of Edward III, when it was superseded by the Eng- Cathedral has a full ring of 12 for the first time in its 100 lish noble. The precise reference of the Cornish motto, it is not year history. Four new bells were commissioned from from one now easy to discover, but in all probability it is a translation from of the oldest bell foundries in the country, John Taylor and Co. the old Cornish, of the war cry of the Earls of Cornwall. It was the same foundry that installed the original bells. The bell ringers themselves have raised the 150,000 pounds to have the Submitted by Judy Powell in the Kenderwi Kernewek Spring 2011 newsletter. continued next page new additions made and installed. 27

Correspondence con’t: John Passmore Edwards

Town Ball! Jim Wearne at Hurling in St. Columb

Recently I visited St. Columb Major, near . St. Columb is a very pleasant town, with a fine big church, many shops, cozy pubs and friendly people. It also has the Hurling. Hurling is a game, or sport like no other. On Shrove Tuesday, and then again two Saturdays later, the town turns out and gathers in the square near the church. A designated person then stands on a ladder as the town crier announces the start of the game. The person on the ladder then tosses a ball high in the air to the A Legacy in Cornwall waiting crowd.

The ball is about the size of a tennis ball, and Is made of a core “Just imagine a bridge spanning Cornwall from to of applewood clad in a heavy silver coat. Two sides: "Town" and Launceston, and imagine further, the bridge to consist of nine- "Country" try to get possession of the ball and run it to their re- teen big stones, or as many letters as are in my , and spective goal, each one a mile out of town in a different direc- imagine, still further, each stone a public institution. Such is an tion. There are no uniforms (everyone knows who is on which ideal bridge, which I am erecting, and have nearly completed, team,) no official rules (although a lot of unofficial customs), no over Cornwall.” time-clock and no protective gear. The game gets rough. Some John Passmore Edwards made this inspiring statement at the people have been injured, although the mayhem is generally opening of the Truro Library in 1896 and by 1901 he had com- good-natured. Sometimes the play is stopped to hand the ball to pleted this remarkable achievement with the building of librar- a new mother, a sick person, or a guest for luck. ies, hospitals, institutes and schools across Cornwall.

Born in the small village of Blackwater near Truro in 1823, John

Passmore Edwards was the son of a carpenter and attended

the local dame school. He progressed well and became an

insatiable reader who would think nothing of walking six miles

to Truro to buy second hand books. In about 1839, still in his

early teens, he set up a school in Blackwater with his friend

John Symons, and taught men and boys to read and write in

the chapel on Sundays.

In the 1840s he obtained a post in the office of Mr. H. Sewell

Stokes, a Truro lawyer. After eighteen months in this position

he was offered the post of business agent for the Sentinel

newspaper in Manchester. Unfortunately the newspaper was

not a financial success and its failure led Passmore Edwards to After one side gets the ball to goal, everyone makes a round of find work in London as a freelance journalist and lecturer. Politi- the pubs to drink ‗Silver Beer‘ (beer from a pitcher in which the cal and social reform were to become important aspects of his ball - cleaned - has been submerged.) There's also ‗Silver Co- work. coa‘ for the children. Hurling is an event for the people of St. 1850 was a major turning point in his life as he became the Columb. Outsiders are not prohibited, but should be prepared to owner of a London monthly magazine called The Public Good. keep out of the way, and certainly should not try to take part. I It was a huge undertaking and he had little financial backing. was lucky enough to be the guest of Colin Roberts and Alison Serious illness caused the venture to fail and he was declared Davies, and was accepted as a temporary Townsman, although bankrupt. During the next ten years he returned to freelance I didn't try to play. My health insurance wouldn't cover it, I‘m journalism and opposed the Crimean War as well as becoming sure. a vigorous campaigner against the opium trade. All games like Rugby and Soccer can trace their roots to Hurl- He then bought ownership of the Mechanics and the Building ing. It‘s been going on literally for millennia. It used to be popular News. Both flourished under his management and he was able all over the Celtic areas of Britain, but now is played in its true to repay his old creditors in full. form only in St. Columb Major. I had a wonderful time and took In 1876 he also acquired the ownership of the country‘s first many pictures, some of which can be seen on my Facebook half-penny evening newspaper, The London Echo, which pros- page. As this year‘s victor cried: ‗Town Ball!‘ pered under his control. He went on to become MP for Salis-

bury in 1880 and did much to promote the Free Libraries Act. From Illinois Cornish Society newsletter 28 continued next page

Correspondence con’t: Chapter Mexico, the Festival was a great success drawing an estimated 8,000 visitors to the town for the three day event. A His financial success with The Echo enabled him at last to fulfill coach of visitors travelled from Cuernavaca, some four hours his lifelong desire to improve the lives and learning of the work- away and another from Mexico City. During the opening ing classes. In the period 1889 to 1904, John Passmore Ed- speeches it was stated that „ rebuilt our shat- wards erected, at his own tered mining industry giving us work and now again, when we expense, sixty-five public have lost that industry, the Cornish have given us pastes and a buildings in London and new source of income‟. along the South Coast, in- As is usual on festival days in this picturesque town, the pro- cluding twenty in Cornwall. gramme commenced with a visit to the Cemetery and a guided John Passmore Edwards, tour by Bridget Galsworthy of the British Society, followed by philanthropist, died in 1911 wreath-laying at the Miner´s Monument. The main street was and his obituary in The transformed with a long line of tented stands where ‗pastes‘ of Times says ‗he did more all descriptions were produced and a large stage next to the good in his own time than Miner´s Memorial provided dance and other entertainments almost any other of his con- throughout the Festival. temporaries. He most cer- tainly could be called Corn- wall's own Carnegie‟.

Photograph (AD/396/680) of John Passmore Edwards with his wife and daughters, circa 1900

Cornwall Archives and Local Studies Service newsletter ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The First International Paste Festival, Real del Monte 9-11 October 2009

Considering the growing popularity of and the growth of Pam Melville from Poldark Mine gave demonstrations of tradi- pasty shops cross the UK it may surprise some that the world‘s tional pasty making producing numerous pasties which were first International Pasty Festival was held in Mexico in the small eagerly devoured. Unfortunately the swedes Pam had taken town of Real del Monte. from Cornwall as they are not available in Mexico, were confis- In 1824 the first Cornish miners arrived at the silver mining town cated by a bemused customs official at Mexico City Airport de- of Real del Monte, at 10,000 feet above sea level the highest spite our pleas that they were an important ingredient for the town in Mexico. Their task was to rebuild the town´s mining in- traditional pasty! dustry devastated during the War of Independence and the town Real del Monte is without doubt the home of the pasty in Mexi- itself which was described by one of the group as ‗having the co with 30 ‗paste‘ producers in the town producing more pasties appearance of being sacked by a hoard of Cossacks‘. Not only than we do in Corn- did the Cornish take their mining technology to the district but wall. A number have also football and of course pasties. developed into na- Twinned with the town of and with a population of tional chains with 20,000, visitors to this picturesque town, designated a ‗Pueblo shops in towns and Mágico‘ (magical destination), are left in no doubt of the Cornish cities across Mexico. connection. Cornish flags and Union Jacks are displayed in An example is many shops and buildings, the Cornish engine house of Mina Pastes Real del Plat- Dolores stands beside the main car park and high on the hill eros with two shops overlooking the town is the Panteón de los ingleses, better de- in Real del Monte, scribed as the Cornish Cemetery containing over 700 graves twelve in the neighbouring city of Pachuca and two in Mexico with inscriptions such as ‗born Cornwall‘, ‗of Breage‘, ‗born Cam- City, demonstrating just how popular pasties are in Mexico. borne‘, ‗miner of Redruth‘. Cornish are common and A little larger than our cocktail pasties the Mexicans produce a in fact the present mayor of Real del Monte is Ing. Omar wide variety including: meat and potato, black bean, shredded Mariano Skewes! chicken, and sausage, all heavily laced with chillies plus a In October 2009 Real del Monte held the first International Paste range of sweet pasties including: pineapple, apple, strawberry, Festival. Organised by the Municipality of Real del Monte, the and blackberry. The menu at Pastes El Portal contains 15 paste producers and the Cornish Mexican Cultural Society varieties of fillings all selling at 9 pesos (45 p) and of course pulque to wash them down! A second festival was held October 29 2010. From Cornish Mexican Cultural Society newsletter

Items of Interest

St. Piran‘s Tide CD release

These twenty songs capture the world of John Bolitho, from singing sessions in the village pubs of to his roll as Grand Bard of the Cornish Gorseth. Songs which voice his love of the sea, the boats, the fishing, the Cornish language and the sheer pleasure of singing. John was Grand Bard at the 2001 Gathering at Mineral Point. He passed away shortly after his term of Grand Bard.

Buy on line: www.kesson.com

Or by post from: Julian Bolitho, 4 Grenvflle Gate, Poughill , Kernow EX73 9EF Tel 07977 483 539 Enclose cheque for 11 pounds (P&P included) and a shipping to address

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ST. JUST POINT by George A. Ellis

This book is the 3rd on the area of Long Gully, Australia. A forward has been included by noted Bendigo historian, James Lerk. It is so well written and encompasses not only the area but so many of the Cornishmen who made it their home when they arrived on the Bendigo Goldfield after leaving their native Cornwall. George is to be congratulated for his thorough research and in telling us all a story so well of times past in the Cornish history of Bendigo.

The book is available for purchase from George for the price of $15 Aus. For more information readers can contact Tom and Libby Luke at [email protected]

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ GREEN MOUNTAIN COPPER: THE STORY OF VERMONT’S RED METAL

By COLLAMER ABBOTT

Reviewed by: Barry E. TRACY

This delightful booklet of 36 pages with photographs is a scaled-down version of Mr. Abbott’s 300 page manuscript of copper min- ing in the State of Vermont. The present format was originally serialized in 1973 in the White River Valley Herald, published in Ran- dolph, Vermont. My copy is the third printing of August 2001. We have been privileged to have reprinted two articles of Mr. Abbott in the Crier, as well as having two original pieces in the very earliest editions of our newsletter. Mr. Abbott was born in 1919 in Wilder, Vermont, and had careers in journalism and as an English instructor at Castleton State Col- lege in Vermont. His keen interest in copper mining and especially in Cornish miners shines forth in all his writings. Mr. Abbott traces the beginnings of copper mining in Vermont, which centered in Vershire, Strafford and Corinth. The Ely mine in Vershire is perhaps the most famous, as it produced a boom-town similar to those of the old west, and even had its own “war” when miners riot- ed for not having been paid for months. The mines had their boom years and crashes, and finally fleeting flurries of hope in revitalization. Now they are all gone, and by many long forgotten. Most of the Cornish moved to other mine locations or into other pursuits. The author delights us with remi- niscences of the folkways that the Cornish brought with them, such as saffron cake, “tay,” and expressions of their unique West Country dialect, in its distinctive Cornish variety. He also recounts other details that are valuable to the social historian as well. continued next page 30

Items con’t: Along with its reproductions of period photographs from the author’s collection, the eye will be pleased to read this book over sever- al times. We again are grateful to Mr. Abbott for all his wonderful research, and are very pleased that he chose to become a member of our own society.

PROPER JOB! Mr. Abbott!

Available for sale from the: Thetford Historical Society PO Box 33 Thetford, VT 05074 From Newsletter of the Cornish Heritage Society East June 2011 ********************************************************************************************************** White Cross By Jim Wearne *

I love the white cross on our banner,

I love the white cross flying high,

For love of our land, together we‘ll stand,

The flag of St. Piran to fly.

I love the white cross on our banner, For centuries we‘ve been a Duchy, I love the white cross flying high, No county or shire have we been, For love of our land, together we‘ll stand, Kernow is ever a country, The flag of St. Piran to fly. And someday the truth will be seen.

Our children are taught to be English, I love the white cross on our banner, Forbidden to speak their own tongue, I love the white cross flying high, But we‘ll teach the truth of our nation, For love of our land, together we‘ll stand, We won‘t let them brainwash the young. The flag of St. Piran to fly.

I love the white cross on our banner, On dusty old shelves long have languished, I love the white cross flying high, The laws that would prove our cause right, For love of our land, together we‘ll stand, But those shelves are all up in London, The flag of St. Piran to fly. Behind doors they keep locked up tight.

We‘re proud of our Celtic tradition, I love the white cross on our banner, No Angles or Saxons are we, I love the white cross flying high, And Celts always share one position, For love of our land, together we‘ll stand, We fight to the end to be free. The flag of St. Piran to fly.

I love the white cross on our banner, How dare we not envy the English? I love the white cross flying high, They cannot believe that it‘s true, For love of our land, together we‘ll stand, That given the chance to be English, The flag of St. Piran to fly. It‘s something we‘d rather not do. For love of our land, together we‘ll stand,

The flag of St. Piran to fly. I love the white cross on our banner,

I love the white cross flying high, *Poem was mistakenly credited to the wrong author in the For love of our land, together we‘ll stand, The flag of St. Piran to fly. last issue. The Editor apologizes for the mix up.

They tried to make our flag illegal, Jim Wearne wrote it as lyrics for a song found on his CD ―Pysk, To fly it they said was a crime, Cober ha Sten‘ and is sung to the tune of ‗The White Rose‘. But shops throughout Kernow recorded, The greatest flag sales of all time. Jim‘s CD‘s can be purchased on his website: JimWearne.com or 31 from iTunes or CDBaby or you can google ‗Jim Wearne‘.

continued next page

Items con’t: CORNWALL: Political Powerhouse

Question: Which county in England had more Members of Parliament than the entire country of Scotland?

Answer: Cornwall! (If you say, ―But Cornwall is not part of England,‖ then double your score!)

Writing and researching my rich man/poor man historical novel set in Cornwall has brought into focus the charm and turbulence of my native land. It begins in 1760, when Britain was engaged worldwide in the Seven Years War (known in America as the French and Indian War), from Europe to India, from West Africa to the West Indies, in America, New- foundland and Canada. George II was in the last months of his reign, and his Chief minister was the great William Pitt the Elder. The Miner and the Viscount tells the story of three aristocratic families and the working people in their lives. Two of the families are historical: the Pitts of Boconnoc, and the Eliots of St. Germans. Pitt (―The Great Commoner‖) was a statesman more than a politician, but he needed politicians to maintain support in the House of Commons. Before the great Reform Act of 1832, seats in parliament were openly bought and sold. The shires had two members each, but in addition boroughs had two members. Altogether, Cornwall had 44 M.P.s – out of some six hundred in total! Pitt‘s grandfather Thomas was the son of a poor rector. He was sent to India to make his fortune. He became rich. Before retiring to England he converted his wealth into diamonds. He sold one to the French for the crown jewels. With the proceeds he acquired ten country estates, including Boconnoc House with 18,000 acres near —as well as a seat in Parliament, the notorious ‗pocket‖ borough Old Sarum. The Eliot family owned two boroughs at this time, their own village of St. Germans and the nearby market town of (where I was born and grew up). Edward Eliot represented St. Germans, and put his friends in the other three seats, some of whom paid him handsomely for the privilege. In 1774 he gave his wife‘s talented nephew a seat at Liskeard. This was Edward Gibbon, who became famous for writing The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. Later, Eliot acquired more seats and the ―Lord of the Boroughs‖. His influence gained him a government post as Commissioner of Trade and Plantations (which paid 1,000 pounds a year). He also became Receiver General of the , as well as Mayor of Liskeard. The third aristocratic family is fictional. They are my villains. They own tin and copper mines. My challenge is to make them and their doings as fascinating as the real people of their times! But such is the work and pleasure of writing an historical novel. Next time, I‘ll tell of the miners and their families, their triumphs and hardships.

Richard J. C. Hoskin, Author

Richard Hoskin was born and bred in Cornwall. He now lives in northern Kentucky. He grew up in Liskeard, a small market town that was created a borough in 1240, was a Stannary town that regulated the tin trade, once had two Members of Parliament, is the location of one of the earliest Turnpike roads, and is home to an office of the Duchy of Cornwall.

Hoskin was born into a journalist‘s family and has been writing and lecturing ever since, frequently about Cornwall. He is currently completing an historical novel with a ―rich man, poor man‖ theme set in Cornwall in the eighteenth and nine- teenth centuries. The Miner and the Viscount weaves a dynamic saga around the lives and loves of the Cornish, as they win and lose power and fortunes and struggle with the profound social and economic changes of that era.

Richard Hoskin was educated in England at Clifton College, Bristol, and The Queen‘s College, Oxford, where he read Modern History.

For more information on Richard‘s novel he can be contacted at [email protected]

continued next page 32

Items con’t:

Pennsylvania Slate Beckons the Cornish Quarryman “to North Americay”.

The Slate Belt Heritage Center announces the publication of the fifth book in its ethnic heritage series: Pennsylvania Slate Beckons the Cornish Quarryman “to North Americay.”

Why Americay? Not misspelled! The book will explain in detail, but the title hints that English-speaking immigrants like the Cornish spoke in a distinctive dialect quite different from English spoken elsewhere.

Authors Carolyn and Harry Bray, and Brad Landon, who hosted the 10th Gather- ing of Cornish Cousins in Pen Argyl, Pa., provide insights into the region of Cornwall and the character, spirituality, food, and traditions of the Cornish, a Celtic people from the southwestern county of the . The authors share their personal memories and their travel experiences to the homeland. They include a large section on family stories and genealogies from the many Cornish families who settled in the Slate Belt.

In addition, they have compiled excerpts of books by Cornish authors, articles from the Pennsylvania Cornwall Association - Penkernewek newsletter, and ear- ly descriptions of Cornish quarry methods. Stories from the late Fred Doney’s unpublished account of quarrying and quarriers in Pen Argyl are as amusing as they are informative. A CD of the live concert given by Gregory S. Oaten, tenor at the 10th Gathering of Cornish Cousins held in Pen Argyl in 1999 titled A Cor- nish Sampler is included in the book.

The amply illustrated book debuted in April in conjunction with a Cornish ex- hibit at the Slate Belt Heritage Center in Bangor, Pa. Cost of the book is $25 plus $5 shipping in the USA and $15 to UK, Australia, and Canada. Books may be ordered by contacting Harry Bray, 301 W. Pennsylvania Ave., Pen Argyl, PA 18072. Checks should be made out to Slate Belt Heritage Center. Lt.-Rt.: Brad Landon, Carolyn and Harry Bray ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A Worm’s Folly Poems in Cornish By Mick Paynter

A Worm‘s Folly is the fullest collection of poetry in the Cornish language to date by Mick Paynter, whose , Skogynn Pryv – Worm‘s Fool – gives the book its title. Paynter writes in a variety of forms – touching and humorous, polemical and angry – and with a deep affection for Cornwall and the Cornish language. The poems are accompanied by parallel translations into English. Also in- cluded in the collection are a number of translations into Cornish from other sources – English, Yiddish and Breton poems, Blues songs-showing the versatility of the language.

Mick Paynter was born in 1948 in St Ives and has lived there most of his life. He worked in several jobs before settling down as a Revenue Officer in Cornwall and has been an active trade unionist all his working life. He has always had an interest in language and began a serious study of Kernewek in 1999, productively filling many long train journeys as a union rep. He became a bard of in 2003. His Bardic name is Skogynn Pryv / Worm‘s Fool. He is currently Grand Bard of Gorsedh Kernow.

Mererid Hopwood, who wrote the preface, is a respected poet and the first woman to win the bardic Chair, and the first to have been awarded the Crown and the Prose at the National of Wales.

ISBN 978 1 903427 63 7 www.francisboutle.co.uk

33

Members’ Interest Page

By Jim Thomas [email protected]

This is Members’ Interest Page No 10, where we try and connect members who may not know that they are researching the same surnames. If you don’t see your name listed under a particular , please accept my apology. I have updated my database with the latest information I have, but I may have missed someone. But in any case you can certainly contact others that are listed. Good luck in your search and be sure and let me know if you make any connections. Since most of us correspond by e-mail, I have included only the e-mail address of each person unless we do not have one for them in our database. If you do not use e-mail, but would like to connect with someone who does, contact Ron Carbis, our treasurer, who can provide you with a mailing address. This month I am re-running names we have done before. This will bring new members up to date.

Vivian / Vyvyan

Nancy Dale [email protected]

Lainie DeMicco [email protected]

Margaret English [email protected]

Richard & Doris Hay [email protected]

Jackie Monk [email protected]

Carol Saldivar [email protected]

Shirley Smith [email protected]

William Symons [email protected]

Gary Vivian [email protected]

Judith Vivian [email protected]

Ray Vyvyan [email protected]

Hosking / Hoskings / Hosken / Hoskin

Jan Davis [email protected]

Sandra Dunkel [email protected]

Richard L. Hosking [email protected]

William J. Hosking [email protected]

John Hoskins [email protected]

Dorothy Huntley [email protected]

Dorothy Williams [email protected]

34

"THE EAGLEHAWK BOROUGH BAND"

In the days when this town was of world wide renown For everything under the sun, The old Borough Band, by the scribes of the land, Was rated second to none. So to uphold their claim, and the Borough's proud name They had challenged the best to compete For the honour that goes, as everyone knows, With the champion band at South Street. So they practised each night, 'neath a kerosene light, Till their backs and their bottoms were sore, For Bandmaster Porter would give them no quarter, Till they mastered the musical score. With perfection complete, it was out on the street To practise the marching routine, With precision they strode, up and down Peg-Leg Road, Such a sight had seldom been seen. Now Billie Treloar, he was just five feet four, He was plump and as wide as they come, And when the band came in view, it's for certain they knew, He'd be thumping the Borough base drum. And as they passed by, with their heads held high, As they followed the Borough's ensign, You felt a real pride surge through you inside, As they marched five abreast and in line. Then a short sharp command changed the course of the band, In a trice they had wheeled and were gone, But the drum, it is true, obstructed his view, So Billie marched blissfully on. With his legions at zero, our drum-thumping hero, Paraded his skill like a swell, With his drum to the fore, passed by Davies' store, To Fitzpatrick's Prince Patrick Hotel. Then the folk standing round, when they heard this strange sound Were almost struck dumb with surprise, One man in command of one-man band? They couldn't believe eyes. Then a gutter-side lout gave old Billie a shout, As the gutter-side louts mostly do, Then in utter dismay, they heard Billie say, "Ave'ee seen a brass band about, you?" So Billie Treloar lives on in folk lore, And when people foregather to talk, They will laugh at the jokes of the funny old blokes, Who once lived in old Eaglehawk. And some day in High Street, you may hear a drum beat, And if you're puzzled to reckon the score, Don't panic in fear, if no soul should appear, It's the ghost of old Billie Treloar.

This poem comes by way of Tom and Libby Luke. There actually was a Bille Treloar and he lived around the 1900‟s. Tom doesn‟t remember the name of the poet. A photo of Billie is held by George Ellis of the Bendigo Cornish Association. Advance to 2011—Bill Treloar and his granddaughter Beth Moore (both of Wisconsin) were in Australia at Kernewek Lowender with us and Tom mentioned this poem. He was kind enough to share it with me and let me use it in our newsletter. Editor 35

Tis Me Brian Stephens Charles Superintendant of works for the construction of the port at Charlestown. From 1790 onwards in which construction began, Dingle

deliberately withheld rents, dock- money and port dues, stealing at Imagine the scene it is 1700 hundred and something and at sea coves least £25,000 by 1805, before Rashleigh recognised the theft which all over Cornwall men in little sailing ketches would be risking their was going on. With the cost of the legal proceeding Rashleigh be- lives having to sail their ships right onto the beach to discharge their came Bankrupt and died in 1823 penniless. The unique and unchang- cargo, and then having only 6 hours with the turning tide. If the wind ing character of the village and port has attracted numerous film mak- turned on shore they would almost certainly be driven onto the rocks, a ers, a few films to mention are Darwins Voyage of discovery, and The very risky business. Polmear Cove, in which the port of Charlestown is Eagle has landed, The day of the Triffids and the Three musketeers, situated, was used to beach small craft in just this way. It was some- but there have been many more. Nowadays the port is not used too times known as Porthmear, "Mear" meaning large, "pol" meaning a much for cargo as it is not big enough, but the port is a home base for pool or deep water anchorage and "porth" suggest sand on which sailing ships from around the world, not many days go by without a boats could be beached. As the mines and clay works pits in the St. ship to be seen in the dock. Will write a little more on Charlestown Austell area flourished in the late 18 century, the need for local a port next time giving you an idea of the changing layout of the port and it‘s with security from the weather, deep water and proper unloading facili- industry. ties became more obvious to the local business man Charles Rash- liegh, after whom the port was named. ------Charles plan was to build a port and a village, from almost nothing, this was between 1791- 1800, the population in 1790 was just nine fisher- man and their families. Charles Rashliegh began building a pier for fishing boats in 1791, the inner harbour and the docks rapidly followed. Kernewek Lowender 2011 A great deal of the hillside had to cut away to create the port, and it was done by hand. The job was almost completed in ten years. There By Nancy Dale was no suitable local supply, and Rashliegh had to build a leat (small river) all the way from Luxulyan, four miles inland, an expensive and In May a group representing the Cornish American Heritage tortuous water course. The rise in the port was rapid, it soon had a Society and the Toronto Cornish Association travelled to Aus- good hotel, shipwright‘s yard and a rope manufactory, and several pilchard seams established. Pilchards—the fish was dried and packed tralia to attend the Kernewek Lowender. Held alternate years in there for all over England. The basin of the dock also dug by hand was the Copper Triangle of South Australia, it is large enough to receive ships of more than 200 tonnes, and on the cliff the largest Cornish celebration in the world and attracts mem- side a Battery was erected to defend the port, this was the time of the Napoleonic Wars. bers from the other Australian states and overseas. Sponsored By 1867 Charlestown had grown up and had a large population, a by the Cornish Society of South Australia, it is a week of events church, a Wesleyan Chapel. (which as I write is up for sale to be con- to commemorate the history of the thousands of miners who verted into a private house.) an Iron Foundry (this was were I served came out from Cornwall to dig for the copper discovered in my apprenticeship, no not in 1867, I know what you were thinking) smile, and a smelting house for tin. Large quantities of china clay and 1859. Society President, Paul Thomas, and his committee ar- stone, and copper ores are shipped. By this time the population had ranged a program of dinners, concerts, street dances and fairs, grown to around 3000, and I read some where, the moral behaviour seminar day, dressing of the graves and blessing of the waters. was not to good at that time, sailors were drunk and the dock workers With full support of the townspeople of three towns -- Kadina, spent much time in the inn and a bowling alley, and much cursing could be heard in the village, these were dangerious times, and many Moonta and Wallaroo, the festival honored the invaluable con- murders were known. St. Austell Bay was known as Tywardreath Bay tribution of the Cornish to the wealth of the whole country in the until the late eighteen century, last half of the 19th century. They left a rich heritage of Method- The port of Charlestown as I said was the founded by Charles Rash- ism, song and customs. Descendants today remember their leigh, the family came from Fowey, where they and the Treffrys were in battle with each other for the influence of the town, Rashleigh being a ancestors with continued adherence to these customs, religion wig and Treffry being a Tory Political Parties). Charles was born at and food and the teaching of their children. The trip to Australia Menabilly Manor (later to become the home of the writer Daphne du also included visiting the Great Barrier Reef off Queensland, Maurier). He qualified as a attorney of law and became town clerk of the Outback areas of Uluru/Ayers Rock, Kata Tjuta/the Olgas, St.Austell and Grampound and recorder for Fowey, Wadebridge and other courts. He was also Deputy Sheriff of Cornwall and land agent Alice Springs and Coober Pedy and the cities of Adelaide and for the Duchies of Cornwall and Lancaster. In addition he owned and Bendigo. Many thanks to those Cornish descendants who wel- ran two legal practices, a bank, a tin smelting business and a number comed the group and shared their heritage. of other concerns. He married Grace Tremayne of Heligan, who bore him three daughters. Unfortunately his career was blighted by misguid- The photos on the next page are representative of our trip. ed trust in a rogue servant. In one case he lost the equivalent of 10,000,000 pounds into todays money, and in the second case his

Manor house. One of these rogue servants was Joseph Dingle, who lived at Polmear Farm. He was associated with Charles for almost 45 years, he became 36

37

New Members: Member Renewals:

Bruce R. Polkinghorne Surnames; Polkinghorne, Floyd, Marian B. Kenedy Surnames: Goldworthy, Mollard, Treloar/ 3740 Scenic Drive Medland 210 NE 134th Street Crowan, Nancegollan, Wisconsin Cibolo, TX Vancouver, WA [email protected] 98685-2695 830-629-9961 [email protected]

JudyLynn Weaver Surnames: Johns / Calstock, Southhill, Pamela Laity-Schabacker Surnames: Laity, Cardell / Camborne, 162 Blue Spruce Lane Osborne / Calstock, Murton, Merten / 997 S. Little John Road St. Erth, Gwinear, Shamokin, PA Calstock via Stithians Williams, AZ 17872-7549 86046-8597 [email protected] [email protected]

928-635-9394 Geraldine Hutchinson Surnames: Angove, Yendow / Cornwall

45025 Thornapple Lane Judy Scheer Surnames: / Camborne, Butte Northville, MI 48108-8803 PO Box 248 Montana 248-349-4874 Puyallup, WA

98371-0026 Yvonne O. Bowers Surnames: Benney, Bennetts, Lyne / [email protected] 392 E. Napa Street St. Cleer, Oliver / St. Just in Penwith

Sonoma, CA Member Renewals 95476-6755 [email protected] Judith L. Vivian Surnames: Vivian / Camborne, Rule / 707-843-0109 2178 State Road 39 Redruth, Camborne, Jewell, Buckett, Dodgeville, WI 53533 Wasley, Stephens, Venning / Gimbletts Mill, Launceston Member Correction: Sally L. Rudolph Surnames: Jacka, Cridge, Huxtable 1918 Owns Drive Suzanne M. Paston‖s last name should be PASTORI Bloomington, IL Error under New Members, Spring 2011 issue 61701-7135 [email protected] 309-663-5166

William J. Hosking Surnames: Hoskins / Cornwall, Symons/ The inclusion of changes/new information from 188 Little John Lane Poundstock, Thomas / Camborne Springfield, IL continuing members with the listing of New mem- 62704-5218 bers, plus Jim Thomas‘ Members Interest Page 517-546-6799 appear to have been encouraging an increase in

Mary Lou Gibson Surnames: Buckthought, Mitchell, Bray / correspondence or networking among family re- 3540 Tamarack Drive Cornwall, Rule, Uren / Mexico, Cornwall searchers! Redding, CA 96003-1715 PLEASE be sure to advise the Membership Chair- [email protected] 530-245-4492 man, Ron Carbis, of any changes in home ad- dress, telephone number or email address so Connie Saunders Surnames: Barnicoat / Philack, Wendron that you do not miss any contacts which would be 12875 S. Springlake Rd Gay / Redruth, Veryan, Richards / helpful to you or fail to receive your Tam Payson, UT Crowan, Wendron 84651-9605 Kernewek and /or news bulletins or announce- [email protected] ments from the Executive Board. 801-465-2370 38

Officers of the Cornish American Heritage Society for the years 2009-2011.

President - Flora “Tommi” O’Hagan, 651 East Scott St., Fond du Lac, WI 54935-2906 - [email protected] 1st VP-Education, Nancy Oster Heydt, 1889 Union Place, The Villages, FL 32162 - [email protected] 2nd VP-Newsletter, Carolyn Haines, 3835 Bush Gardens Lane, Holt, MI 48842 - [email protected] Secretary - Jan Davis, 7895 Mt. Vernon St., Lemon Grove, CA 91945-2919 - [email protected] Treasurer/Membership Chair, Ron Carbis, 13 Saint Ives Place, Gaithersburg, MD 20877-3457 - [email protected] Historian - Richard W. Baker, 1520 Coventry Ct., Reedsburg, WI 53959 - [email protected]

Founding President-Paul Liddicoat, 1920-2001. Past President-Vivianne Trevithick Bradley Tam Kernewek is published four times a year. Send articles to Carolyn Haines, address above. DEADLINES ARE 15 FEBRUARY, 15 MAY, 15 AUGUST AND 15 OCTOBER

Dues are payable to CAHS: Canadian residents’ dues are $14.00 per year for individuals and $21.00 for families. There are also individual life-time memberships available for $240.00. A Junior Membership is available for young people for $7.00 per year. Please send Canadian dues to Len Snell, Box 286, Waterdown, ON LOR 2HO Canada.

USA residents dues are $12.00/year for individuals and $18.00 for families. There is also individual life-time membership available for a lifetime $210.00 for individuals. Junior Membership available for young people at $5.00 per year. Please send USA dues to: Ron Carbis, 13 Saint Ives Place, Gaithersburg, MD 20877-3457 USA

Cornish Heritage Certificates are available to anyone whose ancestor(s) were born in Cornwall and settled in NA. Contact Jeanne Thomas, 3409 Elmwood Drive, Clio, MI 48420 USA for information and applications.

Cornish American Heritage Society Membership Application

Name Telephone

Address

City State/Province Zip/Postal Code

Country Local society affiliation

Email Fax

Surnames of Cornish Ancestors Locations (parish, town, area) More? Please add new page

Dues: US $12 individual, $18 family, $210 Lifetime, $5 child. Send to Ron Carbis, 13 Saint Ives Place, Gaithersburg, MD 20877-3457 Canadian $14 individual, $21 family, $240 Lifetime, $7 child. Send to Len Snell, Box 286, Waterdown, ON LOR 2HO Canada

I also enclose $ for Paul Smales Memorial Fund to bring presenters from Cornwall to the Gatherings.

I also enclose $ for the Steven R. Curnow Memorial Fund This Fund supports prizes for an annual competition for students 19 years old or younger.

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DestinationIONA, Cornish—Mineral Settlements Point 21-221-3 Tales of St. Just 3,10 St. Piran’s Day — March 5, 2011 FLASH!!Correspondence Brenda Wooten 224-6 Celebrate with your local society Evening of Cornish Films 6 LanhydrockThe Cry of Part Tin II 237 16th International Gathering The Cornish Have Talent 7 ofKernewek Cornish CousinsLowender CorrespondenceItems of Interest 24-298-10 CopperMineral Coast Point, Cornish Wisconsin Festival 16th Gathering Ad Rates 11 Moonta,August Kadina, 10 Wallaroo,-14, 2011 Australia ItemsSix of Celtic Interest Nations 30-3311 www.cornishfest.orgMay 9-15, 2011 Please NOTE! 11 www.kernewek.org Members’Registration Interest Form Page for Gathering 3412 Annual Gorsedd Conference 14 EaglehawkA Cornish Borough Christmas, Band Recipes 3514 16th International Gathering Tis Me 15 of Cornish Cousins Tis StevenMe R. Curnow Competition 3615 Mineral Point, Wisconsin Member Area 16-18 August 10-14, 2011 KernewekWhite Cross Lowender—a Poem 2011 36-37 18 www.cornishfest.org

New and Renewal Members 38

Cornish American Heritage Society Ron Carbis, Treasurer 13 Saint Ives Place Gaithersburg, MD 20877-3457

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ISSN 1085-1267